Numerous people contributed to the development of this Treatment Improvement Protocol (TIP) (see below and appendixes B, C, and D). This publication was produced by JBS International, Inc. (JBS), under the Knowledge Application Program (KAP) contract numbers 270-99-7072 and 270-04-7049 with the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Christina Currier served as the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT) Government Project Officer, and Andrea Kopstein, Ph.D., M.P.H., served as Deputy Government Project Officer. Lynne MacArthur, M.A., A.M.L.S., served as the JBS KAP Executive Project Co-Director. Barbara Fink, RN, M.P.H., served as the JBS KAP Managing Project Co-Director. Other JBS KAP personnel included Dennis Burke, M.S., M.A., and Emily Schifrin, M.S., Deputy Directors for Product Development; Patricia A. Kassebaum, M.A., Senior Writer; Elliott Vanskike, Ph.D., Senior Writer/Publication Manager; Wendy Caron, Editorial Quality Assurance Manager; Frances Nebesky, M.A., Quality Assurance Editor; Leah Bogdan, Junior Editor; and Pamela Frazier, Document Production Specialist. In addition, Sandra Clunies, M.S., ICADC, served as Content Advisor. Dixie M. Butler, M.S.W., and Paddy Shannon Cook were writers.