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Buntin MB, Escarce J, Goldman D, et al. Determinants of Increases in Medicare Expenditures for Physicians' Services. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2003 Oct. (Technical Reviews, No. 7.)
| Probit Model on Any Use | GLM Model on Use Given Any Use | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient | Robust Standard Error | Coefficient | Semi-Robust Standard Error | |
| 65–69 years | -0.09 | 0.11 | -0.01 | 0.10 |
| 70–74 years | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.10 |
| 75–79 years | 0.16 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.10 |
| 80–84 years | 0.26* | 0.12 | -0.08 | 0.09 |
| 85+ years | 0.01 | 0.12 | -0.05 | 0.13 |
| Male | -0.30* | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.13 |
| 65–69 & male | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 0.16 |
| 70–74 & male | -0.01 | 0.14 | -0.11 | 0.15 |
| 75–79 & male | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0.16 |
| 80–84 & male | 0.11 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.15 |
| 85+ & male | 0.50* | 0.16 | -0.04 | 0.19 |
| > High school education | 0.12* | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.05 |
| Medicaid | 0.51* | 0.09 | 0.37* | 0.09 |
| Private supplement | 0.69* | 0.06 | 0.30* | 0.07 |
| Drug coverage | 0.01 | 0.05 | -0.05 | 0.05 |
| Urban residence | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.22* | 0.05 |
| Midwest | -0.01 | 0.06 | -0.02 | 0.06 |
| South | -0.08 | 0.06 | -0.08** | 0.05 |
| West | -0.17* | 0.07 | -0.01 | 0.06 |
| Other | -0.22 | 0.16 | 0.06 | 0.12 |
| 1–2 ADLs | 0.02 | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.06 |
| 3+ ADLs | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.08 |
| 1–2 IADLs | 0.17* | 0.06 | 0.38* | 0.06 |
| 3+ IADL | -0.02 | 0.09 | 0.48* | 0.08 |
| Ever smoked | -0.07 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.05 |
| Hardening of the arteries | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.11** | 0.06 |
| Hypertension | 0.32* | 0.04 | 0.08** | 0.04 |
| Myocardial infarction | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.22* | 0.07 |
| Angina pectoris/CHD | 0.15* | 0.08 | 0.11** | 0.06 |
| Other heart condition | 0.31* | 0.06 | 0.20* | 0.05 |
| Stroke/brain hemorrhage | -0.04 | 0.08 | -0.07 | 0.07 |
| Other cancer (not below) | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.29* | 0.09 |
| Skin cancer | 0.37* | 0.07 | 0.11* | 0.05 |
| Lung cancer | 0.54** | 0.30 | 0.87* | 0.21 |
| Colon cancer | 0.24** | 0.14 | 0.39* | 0.11 |
| Breast cancer | 0.31* | 0.14 | 0.37* | 0.12 |
| Prostate cancer | 0.29** | 0.17 | 0.56* | 0.10 |
| Diabetes | 0.48* | 0.07 | 0.11* | 0.05 |
| Arthritis | 0.25* | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.05 |
| Alzheimer's | 0.27 | 0.17 | -0.08 | 0.15 |
| Mental disorder | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.17* | 0.08 |
| Osteoporosis | 0.07 | 0.09 | -0.05 | 0.07 |
| Broken hip | 0.20 | 0.13 | 0.36* | 0.18 |
| Parkinson's | 0.39** | 0.20 | -0.12 | 0.11 |
| Emphysema, asthma, COPD | 0.23* | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
| Decedent | -0.02 | 0.12 | 0.82* | 0.09 |
| Constant | 0.14 | 0.12 | 2.56* | 0.13 |
| (1/df) deviance = 1.5625 | ||||
| R2(pseudo) = 0.1513 | (1/df) pearson = 3.1202 | |||
| Number of observations | 9,627 | 8,619 | ||
Note: The probability of any use was 88.7 percent. The mean of number of RVUs conditional on use was 42.97.
- *
significant at p< 0.05
- **
significant at p< 0.10
GLM = generalized linear model.
ADLs = activities of daily living.
IADLs = instrumental activities of daily living.
CHD = chronic heart disease.
COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Note: Omitted categories are <65 years, <65 years and male, Northeast region, zero ADLs, zero IADLs, and no self-reported conditions.
- 1993 Two-part Model Estimation Results - Determinants of Increases in Medicare E...1993 Two-part Model Estimation Results - Determinants of Increases in Medicare Expenditures for Physicians' Services
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