Abramson TM, Kashani S, Sanko S, et al. 80 Los Angeles Fire Department Telemedicine Program: An Emergency Dispatch Center Based Pilot. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2020;76(4):S32. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.09.090. - Is a meeting abstract [CrossRef]

Ahmed A, Zhong Z, Suprono M, et al. Enhancement of peripheral seal of medical face masks using a 3-dimensional-printed custom frame. J Am Dent Assoc. 2021 Jul;152(7):542–50. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2021.03.011. PMID: 34176568. - Does not evaluate emergency medical services workforce who have been exposed to or are at risk of exposure to an occupationally acquired infectious disease [PMC free article: PMC8486490] [PubMed: 34176568] [CrossRef]

Akinbami LJ, Biggerstaff BJ, Chan PA, et al. Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 among previously infected healthcare personnel and first responders. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Nov 15doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab952. PMID: 34791108. - A mixed population with <50% EMS or 911 responders and does not report data separately [PMC free article: PMC8767877] [PubMed: 34791108] [CrossRef]

Akinbami LJ, Petersen LR, Sami S, et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Symptoms and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibody Positivity in a Large Survey of First Responders and Healthcare Personnel, May-July 2020. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Aug 2;73(3):e822–e5. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciab080. PMID: 33515250. - A mixed population with <50% EMS or 911 responders and does not report data separately [PMC free article: PMC7929062] [PubMed: 33515250] [CrossRef]

Albright A, Gross K, Hunter M, et al. A Dispatch Screening Tool to Identify Patients at High Risk for COVID-19 in the Prehospital Setting. West J Emerg Med. 2021 Oct 27;22(6):1253–6. doi: 10.5811/westjem.2021.8.52563. PMID: 34787547. - Evaluates effectiveness of an emergency medical services/911 workforce practice but does not have a comparison group [PMC free article: PMC8597687] [PubMed: 34787547] [CrossRef]

Alexander AB, Masters MM, Warren K. Caring for Infectious Disease in the Prehospital Setting: A Qualitative Analysis of EMS Providers Experiences and Suggestions for Improvement. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2020 Jan–Feb;24(1):77–84. doi: 10.1080/10903127.2019.1601313. PMID: 30917729. - Describes intervention of interest but does NOT assess infection control [PubMed: 30917729] [CrossRef]

Alexandre ACS, Galindo Neto NM, Souza Silva MA, et al. Construction and validation of checklist for disinfecting ambulances to transport Covid-19 patients. Rev Gaucha Enferm. 2021;42(spe):e20200312. doi: 10.1590/1983-1447.2021.20200312. PMID: 34161544. - Is not conducted in the United States [PubMed: 34161544] [CrossRef]

Alhazmi RA, Parker RD, Wen S. Standard Precautions Among Emergency Medical Services in Urban and Rural Areas. Workplace Health and Safety. 2020;68(2):73–80. doi: 10.1177/2165079919864118. - Describes intervention of interest but does NOT assess infection control [PMC free article: PMC7041279] [PubMed: 31650905] [CrossRef]

Alves DW, Bissell RA. Bacterial pathogens in ambulances: results of unannounced sample collection. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2008 Apr–Jun;12(2):218–24. doi: 10.1080/10903120801906721. PMID: 18379921. - Does not evaluate emergency medical services workforce who have been exposed to or are at risk of exposure to an occupationally acquired infectious disease [PubMed: 18379921] [CrossRef]

Andersen BM, Rasch M, Hochlin K, et al. Decontamination of rooms, medical equipment and ambulances using an aerosol of hydrogen peroxide disinfectant. Journal of Hospital Infection. 2006;62(2):149–55. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2005.07.020. - Does not report on an outcome of interest [PMC free article: PMC7114946] [PubMed: 16337307] [CrossRef]

Avari H, Hiebert RJ, Peddle MB, et al. A quantitative study of particle dispersion due to respiratory support modalities in pre-hospital and in-hospital critical care environments. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2021;203(9)doi: 10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_MeetingAbstracts.A2600. - Is a meeting abstract [PMC free article: PMC8314904] [PubMed: 33534659] [CrossRef]

Banerjee P, Ganti L, Stead T, et al. 34 Polk COVID-19 and Flu Response Clinical Trial. Annals of Emergency Medicine. 2021;78(2):S16–S7. doi: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2021.07.035. - Is a meeting abstract [CrossRef]

Belfroid E, Hautvast JL, Hilbink M, et al. Selection of key recommendations for quality indicators describing good quality outbreak response. BMC Infect Dis. 2015 Mar 31;15:166. doi: 10.1186/s12879-015-0896-x. PMID: 25888491. - No original data (e.g., review article, commentary, or editorial) [PMC free article: PMC4397715] [PubMed: 25888491] [CrossRef]

Bielawska-Drózd A, Cieślik P, Bohacz J, et al. Microbiological analysis of bioaerosols collected from Hospital Emergency Departments and ambulances. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2018 Jun 20;25(2):274–9. doi: 10.26444/aaem/80711. PMID: 29936812. - Does not report on an outcome of interest [PubMed: 29936812] [CrossRef]

Biggerstaff BJ, Akinbami LJ, Hales C, et al. Duration of Viral Nucleic Acid Shedding and Early Reinfection With Severe Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Healthcare Workers and First Responders. J Infect Dis. 2021 Dec 1;224(11):1873–7. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiab504. PMID: 34610137. - Not related to the epidemiology of occupationally acquired exposures or the effectiveness of emergency medical services/911 workforce practices to prevent, recognize, or control infectious diseases [PMC free article: PMC8522438] [PubMed: 34610137] [CrossRef]

Bledsoe BE, Sweeney RJ, Berkeley RP, et al. EMS provider compliance with infection control recommendations is suboptimal. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2014 Apr–Jun;18(2):290–4. doi: 10.3109/10903127.2013.851311. PMID: 24401023. - Does not evaluate emergency medical services workforce who have been exposed to or are at risk of exposure to an occupationally acquired infectious disease [PubMed: 24401023] [CrossRef]

Brant-Zawadzki M, Fridman D, Robinson PA, et al. Prevalence and Longevity of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Among Health Care Workers. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2021 Feb;8(2):ofab015. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofab015. PMID: 33604403. - A mixed population with <50% EMS or 911 responders and does not report data separately [PMC free article: PMC7880269] [PubMed: 33604403] [CrossRef]

Brown R, Minnon J, Schneider S, et al. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in ambulances in southern Maine. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2010 Apr–Jun;14(2):176–81. doi: 10.3109/10903120903564480. PMID: 20199231. - Not related to the epidemiology of occupationally acquired exposures or the effectiveness of emergency medical services/911 workforce practices to prevent, recognize, or control infectious diseases [PubMed: 20199231] [CrossRef]

Bruce G. Paramedic services workplace program improves influenza immunization rates among paramedics. Can J Infect Control. 2007 Fall;22(3):156–8, 60–1. PMID: 18044385. - Does not report on an outcome of interest [PubMed: 18044385]

Bucher J, Donovan C, Ohman-Strickland P, et al. Hand Washing Practices Among Emergency Medical Services Providers. West J Emerg Med. 2015 Sep;16(5):727–35. doi: 10.5811/westjem.2015.7.25917. PMID: 26587098. - Describes intervention of interest but does NOT assess infection control [PMC free article: PMC4644042] [PubMed: 26587098] [CrossRef]

Butterbaugh MW, Washick M, Wesley K. Dirty ambulances; Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence measurement in the surveillance of ambulance cleanliness. American Journal of Infection Control. 2018;46(6):S46. - Is a meeting abstract

Caban-Martinez AJ, Santiago KM, Louzado-Feliciano P, et al. Influenza Vaccination Coverage and (SARS-CoV-2) Seroprevalance in a Fire Department. Annals of Epidemiology. 2020;52:115. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.08.058. - Is a meeting abstract [CrossRef]

Caban-Martinez AJ, Silvera CA, Santiago KM, et al. COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptability Among US Firefighters and Emergency Medical Services Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Occup Environ Med. 2021 May 1;63(5):369–73. doi: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002152. PMID: 33560073. - Describes intervention of interest but does NOT assess infection control [PMC free article: PMC8091896] [PubMed: 33560073] [CrossRef]

Carter G, Lawrence C, Woodward B, et al. Accessing Medical Care After a Needlestick Injury: First Responders’ Perception of HIV Risk and Attitudes Toward Syringe Service Programs. J Community Health. 2020 Jun;45(3):554–60. doi: 10.1007/s10900-019-00775-x. PMID: 31691089. - Does not report on an outcome of interest [PubMed: 31691089] [CrossRef]

Carter H, Weston D, Betts N, et al. Public perceptions of emergency decontamination: Effects of intervention type and responder management strategy during a focus group study. PLoS One. 2018;13(4):e0195922. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195922. PMID: 29652927. - Does not evaluate emergency medical services workforce who have been exposed to or are at risk of exposure to an occupationally acquired infectious disease [PMC free article: PMC5898741] [PubMed: 29652927] [CrossRef]

Cash RE, Leggio WJ, Powell JR, et al. Emergency medical services education research priorities during COVID-19: A modified Delphi study. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open. 2021 Aug;2(4):e12543. doi: 10.1002/emp2.12543. PMID: 34458888. - Describes intervention of interest but does NOT assess infection control [PMC free article: PMC8380062] [PubMed: 34458888] [CrossRef]

Cash RE, Rivard MK, Camargo CA, Jr., et al. Emergency Medical Services Personnel Awareness and Training about Personal Protective Equipment during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2021 Jan 12:1–8. doi: 10.1080/10903127.2020.1853858. PMID: 33211613. - Describes intervention of interest but does NOT assess infection control [PubMed: 33211613] [CrossRef]

Chen GX, Jenkins EL. Potential work-related exposures to bloodborne pathogens by industry and occupation in the United States Part II: A telephone interview study. Am J Ind Med. 2007 Apr;50(4):285–92. doi: 10.1002/ajim.20441. PMID: 17340611. - Describes intervention of interest but does NOT assess infection control [PubMed: 17340611] [CrossRef]

Cheng KY, Tu YC, Lu JJ, et al. Simulation Based Ambulance and Crew Decontamination Advise During COVID-19 Pandemic. J Acute Med. 2021 Jun 1;11(2):63–7. doi: 10.6705/j.jacme.202106_11(2).0003. PMID: 34295636. - Is not conducted in the United States [PMC free article: PMC8238684] [PubMed: 34295636] [CrossRef]

Darwish OA, Aggarwal A, Karvar M, et al. Adherence to Personal Protective Equipment Guidelines During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Health Care Personnel in the United States. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2021 Jan 8:1–3. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2021.12. PMID: 33413704. - Does not evaluate emergency medical services workforce who have been exposed to or are at risk of exposure to an occupationally acquired infectious disease [PMC free article: PMC8010287] [PubMed: 33413704] [CrossRef]

De Perio M, Victory K, Groenewold M. Needlestick injuries and other potential exposures to bloodborne pathogens among police officers in a city police department, 2011-2016. Open Forum Infectious Diseases. 2018;5:S348. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofy210.991. - Is a meeting abstract [CrossRef]

de Wit AJ, Coates B, Cheesman MJ, et al. Airflow Characteristics in Aeromedical Aircraft: Considerations During COVID-19. Air Med J. 2021 Jan–Feb;40(1):54–9. doi: 10.1016/j.amj.2020.10.005. PMID: 33455627. - Is not conducted in the United States [PMC free article: PMC7605759] [PubMed: 33455627] [CrossRef]

Development of a negative pressure isolation system for containment, filtration, and disinfection of airborne diseases for use in hospitals, ambulances, and alternate care settings. 2021. - Describes intervention of interest but does NOT assess infection control

Eckardt P, Goldman JM, Rodriguez Claramunt JA, et al. Evaluating first responders for SARS-CoV-2 infection in broward county, Florida. Open Forum Infectious Diseases. 2020;7(SUPPL 1):S293. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.643. - Is a meeting abstract [CrossRef]

Eibicht SJ, Vogel U. Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) contamination of ambulance cars after short term transport of MRSA-colonised patients is restricted to the stretcher. J Hosp Infect. 2011 Jul;78(3):221–5. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2011.01.015. PMID: 21440330. - Does not report on an outcome of interest [PubMed: 21440330] [CrossRef]

Feit JS, Witt CC. COVID-19 Exposure Tracking Within Public Health & Safety Enterprises: Findings to Date & Opportunity for Further Research. Online J Public Health Inform. 2021;13(1):e3. doi: 10.5210/ojphi.v13i1.11484. PMID: 33936523. - Does not report on an outcome of interest [PMC free article: PMC8075415] [PubMed: 33936523] [CrossRef]

Fitzpatrick D, Ikegwuonu T, Duncan E, et al. An investigation of the clinical decision making challenges experienced by ambulance clinicians during the management of patients presenting with COVID-19 symptoms. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2021;38(9)doi: 10.1136/emermed-2021-999.9. - Is a meeting abstract [CrossRef]

Fowlkes A, Gaglani M, Groover K, et al. Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Frontline Workers Before and During B.1.617.2 (Delta) Variant Predominance - Eight U.S. Locations, December 2020-August 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Aug 27;70(34):1167–9. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7034e4. PMID: 34437521. - A mixed population with <50% EMS or 911 responders and does not report data separately [PMC free article: PMC8389394] [PubMed: 34437521] [CrossRef]

Friedman MS, Strayer RJ. Prehospital Care at the Epicenter of a Pandemic: The New York City EMS Response. Academic Emergency Medicine. 2020;27(8):797–801. doi: 10.1111/acem.14045. - Not related to the epidemiology of occupationally acquired exposures or the effectiveness of emergency medical services/911 workforce practices to prevent, recognize, or control infectious diseases [PMC free article: PMC7323300] [PubMed: 32531844] [CrossRef]

Galtelli M, Deschamp C, Rogers J. An assessment of the prevalence of pathogenic microorganisms in the rotor wing air ambulance: one program’s findings. Air Med J. 2006 Mar–Apr;25(2):81–4. doi: 10.1016/j.amj.2005.12.004. PMID: 16516119. - Does not evaluate emergency medical services workforce who have been exposed to or are at risk of exposure to an occupationally acquired infectious disease [PubMed: 16516119] [CrossRef]

Garza M. MRSA-contaminated ambulance. Jems. 2007 Nov;32(11):20–2. PMID: 18084822. - No original data (e.g., review article, commentary, or editorial) [PubMed: 18084822]

Garza M. Priority traffic. MRSA-contaminated ambulances. JEMS: Journal of Emergency Medical Services. 2007;32(11):20–2. PMID: 105923248. - No original data (e.g., review article, commentary, or editorial) [PubMed: 18084822]

Gershon RR, Vandelinde N, Magda LA, et al. Evaluation of a pandemic preparedness training intervention of emergency medical services personnel. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2009 Nov–Dec;24(6):508–11. doi: 10.1017/s1049023x00007421. PMID: 20301068. - Describes intervention of interest but does NOT assess infection control [PubMed: 20301068] [CrossRef]

Gibson CV, Swindell JE, Collier GD. Assessment of Prehospital Monitor/Defibrillators for Clostridioides difficile Contamination. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2021 Aug;36(4):412–3. doi: 10.1017/s1049023x21000376. PMID: 33853698. - Not related to the epidemiology of occupationally acquired exposures or the effectiveness of emergency medical services/911 workforce practices to prevent, recognize, or control infectious diseases [PubMed: 33853698] [CrossRef]

Gibson CV, Swindell JE, Collier GD. Assessment of Prehospital Monitor/Defibrillators for Contamination. Prehospital & Disaster Medicine. 2021;36(4):412–3. doi: 10.1017/S1049023X21000376. PMID: 151538096. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20210914. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Allied Health. - Not related to the epidemiology of occupationally acquired exposures or the effectiveness of emergency medical services/911 workforce practices to prevent, recognize, or control infectious diseases [PubMed: 33853698] [CrossRef]

Gibson CV. Emergency medical services oxygen equipment: a fomite for transmission of MRSA? Emerg Med J. 2019 Feb;36(2):89–91. doi: 10.1136/emermed-2018-207758. PMID: 30504457. - Does not evaluate emergency medical services workforce who have been exposed to or are at risk of exposure to an occupationally acquired infectious disease [PubMed: 30504457] [CrossRef]

Gregory ME, MacEwan SR, Gaughan AA, et al. Closing the Gap on COVID-19 Vaccinations in First Responders and Beyond: Increasing Trust. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jan 6;19(2)doi: 10.3390/ijerph19020644. PMID: 35055463. - Does not report on an outcome of interest [PMC free article: PMC8776085] [PubMed: 35055463] [CrossRef]

Haas EJ, Furek A, Casey M, et al. Applying the Social Vulnerability Index as a Leading Indicator to Protect Fire-Based Emergency Medical Service Responders’ Health. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jul 29;18(15)doi: 10.3390/ijerph18158049. PMID: 34360357. - Not related to the epidemiology of occupationally acquired exposures or the effectiveness of emergency medical services/911 workforce practices to prevent, recognize, or control infectious diseases [PMC free article: PMC8345582] [PubMed: 34360357] [CrossRef]

Haiduven DJ, McGuire-Wolfe C. The role of an infection preventionist in a fire department providing emergency medical services (EMS) response. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control. 2017;6doi: 10.1186/s13756-017-0201-4. - Is a meeting abstract [CrossRef]

Harper B, Robinson M. Method modification (2004.08) to field testing of visible powders on a variety of nonporous environmental surfaces: field study. J AOAC Int. 2006 Nov–Dec;89(6):1622–8. PMID: 17225611. - Does not evaluate emergency medical services workforce who have been exposed to or are at risk of exposure to an occupationally acquired infectious disease [PubMed: 17225611]

Hartmann S, Eclarino C, Forsyth E, et al. The State of Infection Control Among Los Angeles County (LAC)Emergency Medical Services (EMS)Providers. American Journal of Infection Control. 2019;47(6):S6. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2019.04.143. - Is a meeting abstract [CrossRef]

Hartmann S, Rubin Z, Sato H, et al. Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Infections Among Healthcare Workers, Los Angeles County, February - May 2020. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Aug 17doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1200. PMID: 32803237. - Not related to the epidemiology of occupationally acquired exposures or the effectiveness of emergency medical services/911 workforce practices to prevent, recognize, or control infectious diseases [CrossRef]

Hartmann S, Rubin Z, Sato H, et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infections Among Healthcare Workers, Los Angeles County, February-May 2020. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Oct 5;73(7):e1850–e4. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1200. PMID: 32803237. - Does not evaluate emergency medical services workforce who have been exposed to or are at risk of exposure to an occupationally acquired infectious disease [PMC free article: PMC7454348] [PubMed: 32803237] [CrossRef]

Ho JD, Ansari RK, Page D. Hand sanitization rates in an urban emergency medical services system. J Emerg Med. 2014 Aug;47(2):163–8. doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2013.08.070. PMID: 24680100. - Describes intervention of interest but does NOT assess infection control [PubMed: 24680100] [CrossRef]

Hospitals prepare plans, drill staff to ensure that potential Ebola patients are identified, isolated, and managed safely. ED Manag. 2014 Dec;26(12):138–41. PMID: 25522495. - No original data (e.g., review article, commentary, or editorial) [PubMed: 25522495]

Hua X, Yin J, Fung ICH. Elevated COVID-19 Case Rates of Government Employees, District of Columbia, 2020-22. 2022. - Other: non-peer reviewed [PMC free article: PMC9384596] [PubMed: 35898163]

Hunt N, Masiewicz S, Herbert L, et al. Novel Negative Pressure Helmet Reduces Aerosolized Particles in a Simulated Prehospital Setting. Prehosp Disaster Med- Does not evaluate emergency medical services workforce who have been exposed to or are at risk of exposure to an occupationally acquired infectious disease. 2022 Feb;37(1):33–8. doi: 10.1017/s1049023x22000103. PMID: 35094732. [PubMed: 35094732] [CrossRef]

Iwuji K, Islam E, Berdine G, et al. Prevalence of Coronavirus Antibody Among First Responders in Lubbock, Texas. J Prim Care Community Health. 2020 Jan–Dec;11:2150132720971390. doi: 10.1177/2150132720971390. PMID: 33161808. - A mixed population with <50% EMS or 911 responders and does not report data separately [PMC free article: PMC7656871] [PubMed: 33161808] [CrossRef]

Javidfar J, Ragazzo G, Labib A, et al. Mobile ECMO for Covid-19 Does Not Pose Extra Risk to Transport Team. ASAIO Journal. 2020;66(SUPPL 3):66. - Is a meeting abstract [PMC free article: PMC8796825] [PubMed: 34802012]

Kelly-Reif K, Rinsky JL, Chiu SK, et al. Media Reports as a Tool for Timely Monitoring of COVID-19-Related Deaths Among First Responders-United States, April 2020. Public Health Rep. 2021 May;136(3):315–9. doi: 10.1177/0033354921999171. PMID: 33617374. - Does not report on an outcome of interest [PMC free article: PMC8580397] [PubMed: 33617374] [CrossRef]

Le AB, Buehler SA, Maniscalco PM, et al. Determining training and education needs pertaining to highly infectious disease preparedness and response: A gap analysis survey of US emergency medical services practitioners. Am J Infect Control. 2018 Mar;46(3):246–52. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2017.09.024. PMID: 29499788. - Not related to the epidemiology of occupationally acquired exposures or the effectiveness of emergency medical services/911 workforce practices to prevent, recognize, or control infectious diseases [PMC free article: PMC7132664] [PubMed: 29499788] [CrossRef]

Le AB, Herron R, Herstein JJ, et al. A Gap Analysis Survey of US Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF) Members to Determine Highly Infectious Disease Training and Education Needs. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2018 Dec;12(6):675–9. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2017.142. PMID: 29352835. - Does not evaluate emergency medical services workforce who have been exposed to or are at risk of exposure to an occupationally acquired infectious disease [PubMed: 29352835] [CrossRef]

LeardMann CA, Smith B, Smith TC, et al. Smallpox vaccination: comparison of self-reported and electronic vaccine records in the millennium cohort study. Hum Vaccin. 2007 Nov–Dec;3(6):245–51. doi: 10.4161/hv.4589. PMID: 17700077. - Does not evaluate emergency medical services workforce who have been exposed to or are at risk of exposure to an occupationally acquired infectious disease [PMC free article: PMC9491300] [PubMed: 17700077] [CrossRef]

Lee JB, Levy M, Walker A. Use of a forensic technique to identify blood contamination of emergency department and ambulance trauma equipment (Emergency Medicine Journal (2006) 23, (73-75)). Emergency Medicine Journal. 2006;23(2):163. doi: 10.1136/emj.2005.25346corr1. - Not related to the epidemiology of occupationally acquired exposures or the effectiveness of emergency medical services/911 workforce practices to prevent, recognize, or control infectious diseases [PMC free article: PMC2564139] [PubMed: 16373813] [CrossRef]

Leiss JK, Ratcliffe JM, Lyden JT, et al. Blood exposure among paramedics: incidence rates from the national study to prevent blood exposure in paramedics. Ann Epidemiol. 2006 Sep;16(9):720–5. doi: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2005.12.007. PMID: 16581265. - No data after 2006 [PubMed: 16581265] [CrossRef]

Lindsley WG, Blachere FM, McClelland TL, et al. Efficacy of an ambulance ventilation system in reducing EMS worker exposure to airborne particles from a patient cough aerosol simulator. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2019 Dec;16(12):804–16. doi: 10.1080/15459624.2019.1674858. PMID: 31638865. - Describes intervention of interest but does NOT assess infection control [PubMed: 31638865] [CrossRef]

Lindsley WG, McClelland TL, Neu DT, et al. Ambulance disinfection using Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation (UVGI): Effects of fixture location and surface reflectivity. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2018 Jan;15(1):1–12. doi: 10.1080/15459624.2017.1376067. PMID: 29059039. - Does not report on an outcome of interest [PMC free article: PMC6379899] [PubMed: 29059039] [CrossRef]

Louzado-Feliciano P, Griffin KA, Santiago KM, et al. Fire Service Organizational-Level Characteristics Are Associated With Adherence to Contamination Control Practices in Florida Fire Departments: Evidence From the Firefighter Cancer Initiative. J Occup Environ Med. 2020 Sep;62(9):e508–e14. doi: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001953. PMID: 32890221. - Not related to the epidemiology of occupationally acquired exposures or the effectiveness of emergency medical services/911 workforce practices to prevent, recognize, or control infectious diseases [PubMed: 32890221] [CrossRef]

Lowe JJ, Hewlett AL, Iwen PC, et al. Evaluation of ambulance decontamination using gaseous chlorine dioxide. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2013 Jul–Sep;17(3):401–8. doi: 10.3109/10903127.2013.792889. PMID: 23734992. - Does not report on an outcome of interest [PubMed: 23734992] [CrossRef]

Lugo V, Wilson AM, Reynolds KA. Evaluating the Use of Ultraviolet Light to Reduce Transmission of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Emergency Medical Service Vehicles. American Journal of Infection Control. 2020;48(8):S18–S9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.114. - Is a meeting abstract [CrossRef]

Lukas RP, Keppler PA, Brinkrolf P, et al. Risk of Transmission of MRSA on Contact Surfaces in Ambulance. Notarzt. 2015;31(5):234–8. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1552645. - Is not conducted in the United States [CrossRef]

Luksamijarulkul P, Pipitsangjan S. Microbial air quality and bacterial surface contamination in ambulances during patient services. Oman Med J. 2015 Mar;30(2):104–10. doi: 10.5001/omj.2015.23. PMID: 25960835. - Does not report on an outcome of interest [PMC free article: PMC4412456] [PubMed: 25960835] [CrossRef]

Lutrick K, Groom H, Fowlkes AL, et al. COVID-19 vaccine perceptions and uptake in a national prospective cohort of essential workers. Vaccine. 2022 Jan 24;40(3):494–502. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.094. PMID: 34906392. - Does not report on an outcome of interest [PMC free article: PMC8665770] [PubMed: 34906392] [CrossRef]

Mackler N, Wilkerson W, Cinti S. Will first-responders show up for work during a pandemic? Lessons from a smallpox vaccination survey of paramedics. Disaster Manag Response. 2007 Apr–Jun;5(2):45–8. doi: 10.1016/j.dmr.2007.02.002. PMID: 17517362. - Does not report on an outcome of interest [PMC free article: PMC7110586] [PubMed: 17517362] [CrossRef]

Mahmood S, Ihle R. COVID-19: ESSENTIAL WORKERS AND THE RISKS WE FACE. Chest. 2021;160(4):A594. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.07.569. - Is a meeting abstract [CrossRef]

Mathews R, Leiss JK, Lyden JT, et al. Provision and use of personal protective equipment and safety devices in the National Study to Prevent Blood Exposure in Paramedics. Am J Infect Control. 2008 Dec;36(10):743–9. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2008.04.250. PMID: 18834754. - No data after 2006 [PubMed: 18834754] [CrossRef]

Matthias J, Spencer EC, Michniewicz M, et al. SARS-COV-2 ANTIBODY PREVALENCE AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS AND FIRST RESPONDERS, FLORIDA, MAY-JUNE 2020. Fla Public Health Rev. 2021 Feb 25;18(1):1–10. PMID: 33851146. - Not related to the epidemiology of occupationally acquired exposures or the effectiveness of emergency medical services/911 workforce practices to prevent, recognize, or control infectious diseases [PMC free article: PMC8040388] [PubMed: 33851146]

McCann-Pineo M, Li T, Barbara P, et al. Utility of Emergency Medical Dispatch (EMD) Telephone Screening in Identifying COVID-19 Positive Patients. Prehospital Emergency Care. 2022;26(1):13–22. doi: 10.1080/10903127.2021.1939817. PMID: 154608870. Language: English. Entry Date: 20220201. Revision Date: 20220201. Publication Type: Article. - Does not evaluate emergency medical services workforce who have been exposed to or are at risk of exposure to an occupationally acquired infectious disease [PubMed: 34115573] [CrossRef]

McClelland G, Charlton K, Mains J, et al. A two-armed, randomised, controlled exploratory study of adding the AmbuGard cleaning system to normal deep-cleaning procedures in a regional ambulance service. Br Paramed J. 2020 Sep 1;5(2):10–7. doi: 10.29045/14784726.2020.09.5.2.10. PMID: 33456386. - Describes intervention of interest but does NOT assess infection control [PMC free article: PMC7783948] [PubMed: 33456386] [CrossRef]

McGuire-Wolfe C, Haiduven D, Hitchcock CD. A multifaceted pilot program to promote hand hygiene at a suburban fire department. Am J Infect Control. 2012 May;40(4):324–7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2011.06.003. PMID: 21907456. - Does not report on an outcome of interest [PubMed: 21907456] [CrossRef]

McGuire-Wolfe C, Haiduven D. Participation in a hepatitis C and HIV screening program among emergency responders in a suburban fire department. American Journal of Infection Control. 2014;42(6):S96–S7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2014.03.217. - Is a meeting abstract [CrossRef]

McKinnon JE, Wang DD, Zervos M, et al. Safety and tolerability of hydroxychloroquine in health care workers and first responders for the prevention of COVID-19: WHIP COVID-19 Study. Int J Infect Dis. 2022 Mar;116:167–73. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.12.343. PMID: 34954095. - A mixed population with <50% EMS or 911 responders and does not report data separately [PMC free article: PMC8695310] [PubMed: 34954095] [CrossRef]

Merlin MA, Wong ML, Pryor PW, et al. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on the stethoscopes of emergency medical services providers. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2009 Jan–Mar;13(1):71–4. doi: 10.1080/10903120802471972. PMID: 19145528. - Not related to the epidemiology of occupationally acquired exposures or the effectiveness of emergency medical services/911 workforce practices to prevent, recognize, or control infectious diseases [PubMed: 19145528] [CrossRef]

Morris D, Fierravanti G, Schrieber A, et al. The Impact of a Novel Operational Readiness Response Model on the Environmental Cleanliness of Emergency Ambulances. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2021 Feb 26:1–13. doi: 10.1080/10903127.2021.1884323. PMID: 33528288. - Is not conducted in the United States [PubMed: 33528288] [CrossRef]

Naleway AL, Grant L, Caban-Martinez AJ, et al. Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among COVID-19 vaccinated and unvaccinated healthcare personnel, first responders, and other essential and frontline workers: Eight US locations, January-September 2021. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2022 Jan 13doi: 10.1111/irv.12956. PMID: 35023288. - A mixed population with <50% EMS or 911 responders and does not report data separately [PMC free article: PMC8983896] [PubMed: 35023288] [CrossRef]

Niu J, Rodriguez JA, Sareli C, et al. COVID-19 infection among first responders in Broward County, Florida, March-April 2020. J Public Health (Oxf). 2020 Dec 24doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa231. PMID: 33367792. - A mixed population with <50% EMS or 911 responders and does not report data separately [PMC free article: PMC7798954] [PubMed: 33367792] [CrossRef]

Niu J, Rodriguez JA, Sareli C, et al. COVID-19 infection among first responders in Broward County, Florida, March-April 2020. J Public Health (Oxf). 2021 Sep 22;43(3):450–4. doi: 10.1093/pubmed/fdaa231. PMID: 33367792. - Evaluates effectiveness of an emergency medical services/911 workforce practice but does not have a comparison group [PMC free article: PMC7798954] [PubMed: 33367792] [CrossRef]

Northington WE, Mahoney GM, Hahn ME, et al. Training retention of Level C personal protective equipment use by emergency medical services personnel. Acad Emerg Med. 2007 Oct;14(10):846–9. doi: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.06.034. PMID: 17898247. - No data after 2006 [PubMed: 17898247] [CrossRef]

O’Hara NB, Reed HJ, Afshinnekoo E, et al. Metagenomic characterization of ambulances across the USA. Microbiome. 2017 Sep 22;5(1):125. doi: 10.1186/s40168-017-0339-6. PMID: 28938903. - Does not report on an outcome of interest [PMC free article: PMC5610413] [PubMed: 28938903] [CrossRef]

Outbreak of cryptosporidiosis associated with a firefighting response - Indiana and Michigan, June 2011. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2012 Mar 9;61(9):153–6. PMID: 22398843. - Not related to the epidemiology of occupationally acquired exposures or the effectiveness of emergency medical services/911 workforce practices to prevent, recognize, or control infectious diseases [PubMed: 22398843]

Owusu-Ansah S, Harris M, Fishe JN, et al. State emergency medical services guidance and protocol changes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: A national investigation. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open. 2022 Apr;3(2):e12687. doi: 10.1002/emp2.12687. PMID: 35252975. - Describes intervention of interest but does NOT assess infection control [PMC free article: PMC8886181] [PubMed: 35252975] [CrossRef]

Petersen LR, Sami S, Vuong N, et al. Lack of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in a large cohort of previously infected persons. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Nov 4doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1685. PMID: 33147319. - Does not evaluate emergency medical services workforce who have been exposed to or are at risk of exposure to an occupationally acquired infectious disease [CrossRef]

Petersen LR, Sami S, Vuong N, et al. Lack of Antibodies to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a Large Cohort of Previously Infected Persons. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Nov 2;73(9):e3066–e73. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1685. PMID: 33147319. - A mixed population with <50% EMS or 911 responders and does not report data separately [PMC free article: PMC7665429] [PubMed: 33147319] [CrossRef]

Pottier F, Groizard C, Briche G, et al. Personal protective equipment and doffing procedures in out-of-hospital practice: assessment with a contamination simulation. Int J Emerg Med. 2021 Jul 13;14(1):35. doi: 10.1186/s12245-021-00362-9. PMID: 34256703. - Is not conducted in the United States [PMC free article: PMC8275914] [PubMed: 34256703] [CrossRef]

Rajasingham R, Bangdiwala AS, Nicol MR, et al. Hydroxychloroquine as Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthcare Workers: A Randomized Trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Jun 1;72(11):e835–e43. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1571. PMID: 33068425. - Does not evaluate emergency medical services workforce who have been exposed to or are at risk of exposure to an occupationally acquired infectious disease [PMC free article: PMC7665393] [PubMed: 33068425] [CrossRef]

Rebmann T, Charney RL, Loux TM, et al. Emergency Medical Services Personnel’s Pandemic Influenza Training Received and Willingness to Work during a Future Pandemic. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2020 Sep–Oct;24(5):601–9. doi: 10.1080/10903127.2019.1701158. PMID: 31800338. - Describes intervention of interest but does NOT assess infection control [PMC free article: PMC7646942] [PubMed: 31800338] [CrossRef]

Rebmann T, Loux TM, Zink TK, et al. US disaster planners’ attitudes regarding preevent vaccine for first responders and point-of-dispensing workers. Health Secur. 2015 Jan–Feb;13(1):29–36. doi: 10.1089/hs.2014.0066. PMID: 25812426. - Describes intervention of interest but does NOT assess infection control [PubMed: 25812426] [CrossRef]

Reese SM. Journal club: A pilot gap analysis survey of US emergency medical services practitioners to determine training and education needs pertaining to highly infectious disease preparedness and response. Am J Infect Control. 2018 Mar;46(3):356–7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2017.11.029. PMID: 29499789. - No original data (e.g., review article, commentary, or editorial) [PMC free article: PMC7134783] [PubMed: 29499789] [CrossRef]

Rhys M, Voss S, Benger J. Reference: Contamination of ambulance staff using the laryngeal mask airway supreme (LMAS) during cardiac arrest. Resuscitation. 2013;84(9)doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.03.039. - No original data (e.g., review article, commentary, or editorial) [PubMed: 23624500] [CrossRef]

Ro YS, Shin SD, Noh H, et al. Prevalence of positive carriage of tuberculosis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci in patients transported by ambulance: a single center observational study. J Prev Med Public Health. 2012 May;45(3):174–80. doi: 10.3961/jpmph.2012.45.3.174. PMID: 22712044. - Does not evaluate emergency medical services workforce who have been exposed to or are at risk of exposure to an occupationally acquired infectious disease [PMC free article: PMC3374967] [PubMed: 22712044] [CrossRef]

Roline CE, Crumpecker C, Dunn TM. Can methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus be found in an ambulance fleet? Prehosp Emerg Care. 2007 Apr–Jun;11(2):241–4. doi: 10.1080/10903120701205125. PMID: 17454817. - Does not report on an outcome of interest [PubMed: 17454817] [CrossRef]

Rosenblum AJ, Wend CM, Huang R, et al. Factors Associated With Emergency Medical Services Providers’ Acceptance of the Seasonal Influenza Vaccine. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2021 Mar 17:1–6. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2021.44. PMID: 33726872. - Not related to the epidemiology of occupationally acquired exposures or the effectiveness of emergency medical services/911 workforce practices to prevent, recognize, or control infectious diseases [PubMed: 33726872] [CrossRef]

Rueckmann E, Shah MN, Humiston SG. Influenza vaccination among emergency medical services and emergency department personnel. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2009 Jan–Mar;13(1):1–5. doi: 10.1080/10903120802471949. PMID: 19145517. - Describes intervention of interest but does NOT assess infection control [PubMed: 19145517] [CrossRef]

Russo T. Pandemic planning: what should EMS agencies do to be ready for bird flu and other major outbreaks? Emergency Medical Services. 2006;35(10):51–6. PMID: 106223826. - No original data (e.g., review article, commentary, or editorial) [PubMed: 17069340]

Sabourin KR, Schultz J, Romero J, et al. Risk Factors of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Arapahoe County First Responders-The COVID-19 Arapahoe SErosurveillance Study (CASES) Project. J Occup Environ Med. 2021 Mar 1;63(3):191–8. doi: 10.1097/jom.0000000000002099. PMID: 33298759. - A mixed population with <50% EMS or 911 responders and does not report data separately [PMC free article: PMC7934329] [PubMed: 33298759] [CrossRef]

Salazar G, Isaacs M, Diercks L, et al. Front line provider risk for SARS-CoV- 2 over time in an urban county. Academic Emergency Medicine. 2021;28(SUPPL 1):S24. doi: 10.1111/acem.14249. - Is a meeting abstract [CrossRef]

Sarfraz Z, Sarfraz A, Sarfraz M, et al. Lessons learnt from emergency medicine services during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study of India and the United States. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2022 Jan;73:103197. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.103197. PMID: 34956642. - Describes intervention of interest but does NOT assess infection control [PMC free article: PMC8690280] [PubMed: 34956642] [CrossRef]

Schultz JS, McCarthy MK, Rester C, et al. Development and Validation of a Multiplex Microsphere Immunoassay Using Dried Blood Spots for SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence: Application in First Responders in Colorado, USA. J Clin Microbiol. 2021 May 19;59(6)doi: 10.1128/jcm.00290-21. PMID: 33795412. - Does not evaluate emergency medical services workforce who have been exposed to or are at risk of exposure to an occupationally acquired infectious disease [PMC free article: PMC8315929] [PubMed: 33795412] [CrossRef]

Schumacher J, Gray SA, Michel S, et al. Respiratory protection during simulated emergency pediatric life support: a randomized, controlled, crossover study. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013 Feb;28(1):33–8. doi: 10.1017/s1049023x12001525. PMID: 23089080. - Is not conducted in the United States [PubMed: 23089080] [CrossRef]

Sen A, Blakeman S, DeValeria PA, et al. Practical Considerations for and Outcomes of Interfacility ECMO Transfer of Patients With COVID-19 During a Pandemic: Mayo Clinic Experience. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes. 2021 Apr;5(2):525–31. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2021.02.004. PMID: 33686378. - Does not evaluate emergency medical services workforce who have been exposed to or are at risk of exposure to an occupationally acquired infectious disease [PMC free article: PMC7927641] [PubMed: 33686378] [CrossRef]

Sexton JD, Reynolds KA. Exposure of emergency medical responders to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Am J Infect Control. 2010 Jun;38(5):368–73. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2010.01.004. PMID: 20381195. - Does not report on an outcome of interest [PubMed: 20381195] [CrossRef]

Sheahan T, Hakstol R, Kailasam S, et al. Rapid metagenomics analysis of EMS vehicles for monitoring pathogen load using nanopore DNA sequencing. PLoS One. 2019;14(7):e0219961. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219961. PMID: 31339905. - Describes intervention of interest but does NOT assess infection control [PMC free article: PMC6655686] [PubMed: 31339905] [CrossRef]

Shekhar AC, Hannan DJ. Motivations for Vaccine Hesitancy Among EMS Providers in the United States who Declined the COVID-19 Vaccine. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2022 Feb 16:1–4. doi: 10.1017/s1049023x22000309. PMID: 35168692. - Not related to the epidemiology of occupationally acquired exposures or the effectiveness of emergency medical services/911 workforce practices to prevent, recognize, or control infectious diseases [PMC free article: PMC8886084] [PubMed: 35168692] [CrossRef]

Simpson R, Sandrin R. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) by police during a public health crisis: An experimental test of public perception. J Exp Criminol. 2021 Jan 9:1–23. doi: 10.1007/s11292-020-09451-w. PMID: 33456429. - Does not report on an outcome of interest [PMC free article: PMC7794074] [PubMed: 33456429] [CrossRef]

Smith E, Coghlan B, Leder K. Avian influenza: Clinical and epidemiological information for paramedics and emergency healthcare workers. Journal of Emergency Primary Health Care. 2006;4(1). - No original data (e.g., review article, commentary, or editorial)

Song L, Li W, He J, et al. Development of a Pulsed Xenon Ultraviolet Disinfection Device for Real-Time Air Disinfection in Ambulances. J Healthc Eng. 2020;2020:6053065. doi: 10.1155/2020/6053065. PMID: 32184979. - Does not report on an outcome of interest [PMC free article: PMC7060415] [PubMed: 32184979] [CrossRef]

Stausmire JM, Rohaley DJ, Tita JA, et al. Initial distribution of COVID-19 vaccines to front-line hospital workers and community first responders-A prospective descriptive study. J Healthc Risk Manag. 2021 Aug 27doi: 10.1002/jhrm.21485. PMID: 34453366. - A mixed population with <50% EMS or 911 responders and does not report data separately [PMC free article: PMC8657340] [PubMed: 34453366] [CrossRef]

Subbarao I, Bond WF, Johnson C, et al. Using innovative simulation modalities for civilian-based, chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosive training in the acute management of terrorist victims: A pilot study. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2006 Jul–Aug;21(4):272–5. doi: 10.1017/s1049023x00003824. PMID: 17076429. - Describes intervention of interest but does NOT assess infection control [PubMed: 17076429] [CrossRef]

Subramaniam DP, Baker EA, Zelicoff AP, et al. Factors Influencing Seasonal Influenza Vaccination Uptake in Emergency Medical Services Workers: A Concept Mapping Approach. J Community Health. 2016 Aug;41(4):697–706. doi: 10.1007/s10900-015-0144-8. PMID: 26721630. - Describes intervention of interest but does NOT assess infection control [PubMed: 26721630] [CrossRef]

Teter J, Millin MG, Bissell R. Hand hygiene in emergency medical services. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2015 Apr–Jun;19(2):313–9. doi: 10.3109/10903127.2014.967427. PMID: 25415186. - Describes intervention of interest but does NOT assess infection control [PubMed: 25415186] [CrossRef]

Thomas F, Allen C, Butts W, et al. Does wearing a surgical facemask or N95-respirator impair radio communication? Air Med J. 2011 Mar–Apr;30(2):97–102. doi: 10.1016/j.amj.2010.12.007. PMID: 21382570. - Does not report on an outcome of interest [PubMed: 21382570] [CrossRef]

Thompson MG, Burgess JL, Naleway AL, et al. Interim Estimates of Vaccine Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 Vaccines in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Health Care Personnel, First Responders, and Other Essential and Frontline Workers - Eight U.S. Locations, December 2020-March 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Apr 2;70(13):495–500. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7013e3. PMID: 33793460. - Describes intervention of interest but does NOT assess infection control [PMC free article: PMC8022879] [PubMed: 33793460] [CrossRef]

Thompson MG, Burgess JL, Naleway AL, et al. Prevention and Attenuation of Covid-19 with the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 Vaccines. N Engl J Med. 2021 Jul 22;385(4):320–9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2107058. PMID: 34192428. - A mixed population with <50% EMS or 911 responders and does not report data separately [PMC free article: PMC8262622] [PubMed: 34192428] [CrossRef]

Tsukahara K, Naito H, Nojima T, et al. Feasibility study of a portable transparent vinyl chloride shield for use in an ambulance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Critical Care. 2020;24(1)doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-03381-9. - No original data (e.g., review article, commentary, or editorial) [PMC free article: PMC7676755] [PubMed: 33213503] [CrossRef]

Valdez MK, Sexton JD, Lutz EA, et al. Spread of infectious microbes during emergency medical response. Am J Infect Control. 2015 Jun;43(6):606–11. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2015.02.025. PMID: 26042849. - Does not report on an outcome of interest [PMC free article: PMC7115268] [PubMed: 26042849] [CrossRef]

Van Fleet-Green JM, Chen FM, House P. Identifying the gaps between biodefense researchers, public health, and clinical practice in a rural community. J Rural Health. 2008 Summer;24(3):326–9. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2008.00177.x. PMID: 18643813. - Does not report on an outcome of interest [PubMed: 18643813] [CrossRef]

Vatan A, Güçlü E, Öğütlü A, et al. Knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19 among emergency medical service workers. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2020 Nov;66(11):1553–9. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.66.11.1553. PMID: 33295409. - Is not conducted in the United States [PubMed: 33295409] [CrossRef]

Ventura C, Gibson C, Collier GD. Emergency Medical Services resource capacity and competency amid COVID-19 in the United States: preliminary findings from a national survey. Heliyon. 2020 May;6(5):e03900. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03900. PMID: 32368629. - Describes intervention of interest but does NOT assess infection control [PMC free article: PMC7196380] [PubMed: 32368629] [CrossRef]

Vilendrer S, Amano A, Brown Johnson CG, et al. An App-Based Intervention to Support First Responders and Essential Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Needs Assessment and Mixed Methods Implementation Study. J Med Internet Res. 2021 May 20;23(5):e26573. doi: 10.2196/26573. PMID: 33878023. - Does not report on an outcome of interest [PMC free article: PMC8139393] [PubMed: 33878023] [CrossRef]

Wang X, Wu W, Song P, et al. An international comparison analysis of reserve and supply system for emergency medical supplies between China, the United States, Australia, and Canada. Biosci Trends. 2020 Sep 21;14(4):231–40. doi: 10.5582/bst.2020.03093. PMID: 32389940. - Describes intervention of interest but does NOT assess infection control [PubMed: 32389940] [CrossRef]

Watson L, Sault W, Gwyn R, et al. The “delay effect” of donning a gown during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a simulation model. Cjem. 2008 Jul;10(4):333–8. doi: 10.1017/s1481803500010332. PMID: 18652725. - Not related to the epidemiology of occupationally acquired exposures or the effectiveness of emergency medical services/911 workforce practices to prevent, recognize, or control infectious diseases [PubMed: 18652725] [CrossRef]

Webb LM, Tubach SA, Hunt DC. Outbreak of cryptosporidiosis among responders to a rollover of a truck carrying calves - Kansas, April 2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014 Dec 19;63(50):1185–8. PMID: 25522085. - Not related to the epidemiology of occupationally acquired exposures or the effectiveness of emergency medical services/911 workforce practices to prevent, recognize, or control infectious diseases [PMC free article: PMC5779526] [PubMed: 25522085]

Wessling EG, Randolph AH, Neill LA, et al. Rapid Emergency Department Physical Space Modifications for COVID-19: Keeping Patients and Health Care Workers Safe. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2021 Aug 4:1–4. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2021.248. PMID: 34346305. - Is not conducted in the United States [PMC free article: PMC8446594] [PubMed: 34346305] [CrossRef]

Whittle J, Weber K, Thundiyil J, et al. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus in EMS personnel. Academic Emergency Medicine. 2010;17:S135. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2010.00743.x. - Is a meeting abstract [CrossRef]

Wilson AM, Jones RM, Lugo Lerma V, et al. Respirators, face masks, and their risk reductions via multiple transmission routes for first responders within an ambulance. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2021 Jul;18(7):345–60. doi: 10.1080/15459624.2021.1926468. PMID: 34129448. - Describes intervention of interest but does NOT assess infection control [PubMed: 34129448] [CrossRef]

Wooten J, Benedyk K, Patel M, et al. EMS Incorporation in Mass-Vaccination: A Feasibility Study. The American journal of emergency medicine. 2021doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.02.047. - Does not report on an outcome of interest [PMC free article: PMC7906871] [PubMed: 33750663] [CrossRef]