This report is the culmination of the work of two committees: the Committee on Increasing the Number of Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Medicine (STEMM) [Rita Colwell, Chair] and the Committee on Understanding and Addressing the Underrepresentation of Women in Particular Science and Engineering Disciplines (Mae Jemison, Chair). The Committee on Understanding Underrepresentation contributed actively to the report’s content from October 5, 2018, to December 10, 2019, and the Committee on Increasing Women in STEMM contributed actively to the report’s content starting on December 11, 2019, through its review, completion, and publication.

Members of the Committee on Understanding Underrepresentation made substantial intellectual contributions to this report. They are not, however, responsible for the content of this report, including the findings and recommendations. The Committee on Increasing the Number of Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Medicine (STEMM) and the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (the National Academies) are solely responsible for the final content of the report.