Abbreviations

amino acid

Aleuria aurantia lectin

2-aminobenzamide

ATP-binding cassette

affinity co-electrophoresis

achrondrogenesis type IB

acetylcholinesterase

Alzheimer's disease

a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs

antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity

autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease

aminoethylphosphonate

atomic force microscopy

arabinogalactan

advanced glycation end product

arabinogalactan protein

arabinoglucuronoxylan

anhydromannitol

Asn-linked glycosylation

α-dystroglycan

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Ashwell–Morell receptor

atelosteogenesis type II

alcohol oxidase

arabinoxylan pectin arabinogalactan protein

antigen-presenting cell

apiose

application programming interface

amyloid precursor–like protein

1-aminopyrene-3,6,8-trisulfonic acid

asialoglycoprotein receptor

arylsulfotransferase

gold nanoparticle

arteriovenous malformation

B-cell receptor

Bacterial Carbohydrate Structure Database

β-cyclodextrin

bone morphogenetic protein OR bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate

bovine serum albumin

collision-activated dissociation

Computer Assisted Spectrum Evaluation of Regular Polysaccharides [program]

Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes [database]

carbohydrate-binding molecule

complement control protein

Complex Carbohydrate Structure Database [aka CarbBank database]

congenital disorders of glycosylation type II

cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor

capillary electrophoresis

chitin oligosaccharide elicitor-binding protein

cellulose synthase

Consortium for Functional Glycomics

cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator

coloboma, heart defects, ichthyosiform dermatitis, mental retardation, and ear anomalies with hearing loss [syndrome]

Chinese hamster ovary

collision-induced dissociation

cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor

creatine kinase

cytoplasmic membrane

CMP–Neu5Ac hydroxylase

congenital muscular dystrophy

cytidine monophosphate

congenital myasthemic syndrome

cytomegalovirus

cellulose nanomaterial

central nervous system

carbon nanotube

ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor

calnexin

conserved oligomeric Golgi

concanavalin A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

coupling correlated spectroscopy

capsular polysaccharide

carbohydrate-recognition domain OR cross-reacting determinant

cAMP response element binding

cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes

clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats

C-reactive protein

CRISPR-targeting guide RNA

calreticulin

cryo-electron microscopy

chondroitin sulfate OR circumsporozoite

contact site A

Carbohydrate Structure Database

CBF1, Su(H), Lag-1

carboxy-terminal domain

C-type lectin

C-type lectin domain

C-type lectin fold

decay accelerating factor

diacylglycerol

damage-associated molecular pattern

2-deoxy-2,3-di-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid

DNAX activation protein

Dolichos biflorus lectin

dendritic cell

dendritic cell–associated lectin

dendritic cell–specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin

Dowling–Degos disease type 2

density functional theory

1,2-diacyl-3-O-(α-D-Gal-(1,6)-O-β-Gal)-sn-glycerol OR digalactosyldiacylglycerol

disseminated intravascular coagulation

DNA methylase-associated protein

1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene

dolichol phosphate

dolichol pyrophosphate

deoxynorleucine OR 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine

degree of polymerization

D-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol

Decapentaplegic

dermatan sulfate

Datura stramonium agglutinin

dispersin B

diastrophic dystrophy

erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase

experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

erythrocyte-binding antigen

European Bioinformatics Institute

erythrocyte-binding-like

egg binding receptor 1

Epstein–Barr virus

Enzyme Commission

electron capture dissociation

extracellular matrix

Erythrina corallodendron lectin

ER degradation-enhancing α-mannosidase I–like protein

enzyme enhancement therapy

epidermal growth factor

ecdysteroid glucosyltransferase

electron impact

eukaryotic initiation factor 2

electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

E74-like factor 1

enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay

epithelial–mesenchymal transition

endoglycosidase F2

endoglycosidase H

endothelial nitric oxide synthase

EGF-specific O-GlcNAc transferase

enteropathogenic E. coli

endopolygalacturonase

erythroagglutining phytohemagglutinin from Phaseolus vulgaris

erythropoietin

exopolysaccharide OR extracellular polysaccharide

endoplasmic reticulum

endoplasmic reticulum–associated degradation

ER–Golgi intermediate compartment

extracellular mitogen-regulated protein kinase

enzyme replacement therapy

electrospray ionization

electron transfer dissociation

ethanolamine phosphate

fast atom bombardment

fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis

focal adhesion kinase

Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy

functionalized carbon nanotube

field-effect transistor

formylglycine-generating enzyme

fibroblast growth factor

fibroblast growth factor receptor

filamentous hemagglutinin

fukutin-related protein

fukutin

fibroblastic reticular cell

follicle-stimulating hormone

fucose sulfate polymer

Fourier transform

γ-aminobutyric acid

glycosaminoglycan

uridine diphosphate galactose-4-epimerase

galactokinase

polypeptide GalNAc-transferase

galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase

glutamic acid/alanine-rich protein

Group A streptococcus

galactosyltransferase

glycan-binding protein

Group B streptococcus OR Guillain–Barré syndrome

gas chromatography

glycosylceramide synthase

glial-cell-[line-]derived neurotrophic factor receptor-α

glucosamine:fructose aminotransferase

green fluorescent protein

glycoside hydrolase [aka glycosidase]

glycoinositol phospholipid

glucose

glucuronic acid

Glycome Informatics Consortium

Glycomics Ontology

Galanthus nivalis agglutinin

N-acetylglucosamine-2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase

G protein–coupled receptor

glycosylphosphatidylinositol

GPI-anchored protein

Glycan Pathway Predictor

galectin-related interfiber protein

glycan-recognizing probe OR galectin-related protein OR glycan-recognizing protein

glycogen synthase

germline stem cell

glycogen synthase kinase-3β

glycosphingolipid

glycosyltransferase

genome-wide association study

glucuronoxylomannan

glucuronoxylomannogalactan

hyaluronan OR hemagglutinin

hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein

hyaluronan synthase

histone acetyltransferase

heparin-binding hemagglutinin adhesin

hexosamine biosynthetic pathway

high-energy collision dissociation

high-density lipoprotein

hydrogen deuterium exchange

hereditary erythroblastic multinuclearity with positive acidified-serum test

high endothelial venule

hydrogen fluoride

homogalacturonan

hepatocyte growth factor

Hedgehog

hereditary inclusion body myopathy type II

hypoxia-inducible factor

hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography

human intelectin 1

human immunodeficiency virus

heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation

hereditary multiple exocytosis

high mobility group

hidden Markov model

Helix pomatia agglutinin

high-pH anion-exchange chromatography

high-performance capillary electrophoresis

high-performance liquid chromatography

hyperphosphatasia with mental retardation syndrome

hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein

horseradish peroxidase

heparan sulfate

heteronuclear single quantum coherence

herpes simplex virus

Human Proteome Organization-Proteomics Standards Initiative

hydroxyproline

intermediate compartment

intercellular adhesion molecule

intellectual disability

imaginal disc growth factor

iduronic acid

isoelectric focusing

interferon-γ

inherited GPI deficiency

immunoglobulin superfamily

Interleukin-1

insulin receptor OR infrared

insulin receptor substrate

immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activatory motif

isothermal titration calorimetry

inter-α-trypsin inhibitor

immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif

International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

Japan Consortium for Glycobiology and Glycotechnology Database

KEGG Chemical Function

2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galactonononic acid

Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomics

killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor

keyhole limpet hemocyanin

KEGG Orthology [database]

keratan sulfate

Laburnum alpinum agglutinin

lipoarabinomannan

liquid chromatography

Lens culinaris agglutinin

low-density lipoprotein

LacdiNAc

fucosylated LacdiNAc

L-type lectin receptor kinase

lysosomal enzyme receptor protein

levulinoyl

leukemia inhibitory factor OR laser-induced fluorescence

lipid-linked oligosaccharide

lipomannan

low-molecular-weight

lectin nucleotide phosphohydrolase

lipooligosaccharide

lipophosphoglycan

L-phytohemagglutinin

lipopeptidophosphoglycan

lipopolysaccharide

leukemic stem cell

Lonchocarpus sericeus agglutinin

localized surface plasmon resonance

lipoteichoic acid OR Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin

lysozyme motif

monoclonal antibody

myelin-associated glycoprotein

Maackia aamurensis hemagglutinin

Maackia amurensis lectin

matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry

matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight

mitogen-activated protein

MAP kinase

MBL-associated serine protease

mannose-binding lectin

mannose-binding protein OR major basic protein

macular corneal dystrophy

molecular dynamics

meso-diaminopimelic acid

Madin–Darby canine kidney

myeloid DAP12-associating lectin

membrane-derived oligosaccharide

metallodipeptidase

muscle–eye–brain disease

1,2-diacyl-3-O-(β-D-Gal)-sn-glycerol OR monogalactosyldiacylglycerol

macrophage galactose-binding lectin

monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance

major histocompatibility complex

Minimum Information for A Proteomics Experiment [initiative]

myeloid inhibitory CTL-like receptor

macrophage inducible Ca⁺⁺-dependent lectin

macrophage inflammatory protein-1β

Minimum Information Required for A Glycomics Experiment [initiative]

molecular mechanics

Molecular Modeling Database

membranous neuropathy

motor neuron disease

magnetic nanoparticle

mitochondrial OGT

monophosphoryl lipid A

M6P receptor

mannose receptor

M6P receptor homology OR mannose receptor homologous

magnetic resonance imaging

messenger RNA

mass spectrometry

multiple sulfatase deficiency

merozoite surface protein

major tropism determinant

mind-the-gap [protein]

4-methylumbelliferone

multivesicular body

multiwalled carbon nanotube

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

neural cell adhesion molecule

National Center for Biotechnology Information

nucleocytoplasmic OGT

neuraminic acid

nuclear factor-κB

N-hydroxysuccinimide

near-infrared

natural killer

natural killer T

NOD-like receptor

nuclear localization sequence

neuromuscular junction

nuclear magnetic resonance

nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain

nuclear Overhauser effect

nanoparticle

nonsyndromic intellectual disability

nonulosonic acid

odorant response abnormal 2

O-GlcNAcase

O-GlcNAc transferase

Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man

osmoregulated periplasmic glucan

O-antigen polysaccharide

open reading frame

oligosaccharyltransferase

oligosaccharyltransferase

pulsed amperometric detection

pulmonary arterial hypertension

plasminogen activator inhibitor-1

protospacer adjacent motif

pathogen-associated molecular pattern

pulmonary arterial pressure

3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate

periodic acid–Schiff

penicillin-binding protein

phosphorylcholine OR polycystin

Polycomb group

podocalyxin-like protein

polysaccharide copolymerase

polymerase chain reaction

pharmacological chaperone therapy

Protein Data Bank

protein disulfide isomerase

phosphatidylinositol-dependent kinase

pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1

phosphonoethanolamine

platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule

phosphoenolpyruvate

phosphoglycan

porous graphitized carbon

polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins

phosphoglucomutase

phytohemagglutinin L

paired helical filament

phosphatidylinositol

phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

paired immunoglobulin-like receptor

phosphatidylinositol mannoside

protein kinase C

placental alkaline phosphatase

phospholipase C

protein-losing enteropathy

phospholipomannan

partially methylated alditol acetate

protein mannosyltransferase

peanut agglutinin

poly-N-acetylglucosamine

peptide-N-glycosidase F

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

peripheral nervous system

protein O-fucosyltransferase 1

protein O-glucosyltransferase 1

proteophosphoglycan

prion protein

pattern-recognition receptor

phosphatidylserine

prespore antigen

Pisum sativum agglutinin OR polysialic acid

P-selectin glycoprotein ligand

Pisum sativum lectin (pea lectin)

promastigote surface protease

pulmonary vascular resistance

quartz crystal microbalance

quantum dot

quantum mechanical

quadrupole time of flight

rheumatoid arthritis

receptor for advanced glycation end products

receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand

retinoblastoma

Ricinus communis agglutinin

reactive center loop

Resource Description Framework

rough endoplasmic reticulum

radio frequency

rhamnogalacturonan

ras homolog

refractive index

Resource for Informatics of Glycomes at Soka

ribosome-inactivating protein

receptor-mediated endocytosis

RNA interference

RNA sequencing

reactive oxygen species

receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase

ribosomal RNA

relative reactivity value

repeating unit OR resonance unit

surface antigen

self-assembled monolayer

self-associated molecular pattern

sphingolipid activator protein OR serum amyloid P

strong anion exchange chromatography

small-angle X-ray scattering

soybean agglutinin

sickle cell disease

single-chain variable fragment

stromal cell–derived factor-1

sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

size exclusion chromatography

spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia

Src homology region 2 domain–containing phosphatase-1

short hairpin RNA

sialic acid

sialyltransferase

Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics

Sia-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin

small interfering RNA

systemic lupus erythematosus

small leucine-rich proteoglycan

sialoadhesin

Sambucus nigra agglutinin

Symbol Nomenclature for Glycans

single-nucleotide polymorphism

short OGT

surface plasmon resonance

substrate reduction therapy

Sambucus sieboldiana lectin

stage-specific embryonic antigen

signal transducer and activator of transcription 5

saturation transfer difference

support vector machine

single-walled carbon nanotube

testis angiotensin-converting enzyme

TNF-α-converting enzyme

The Arabidopsis Information Service

transcription activator–like effector

transcription activator–like effector nuclease

tertbutyldimethylsilyl

The Cancer Genome Atlas

T-cell receptor

transfer DNA

transmission electron microscopy

ten-eleven translocation

transcription factor

transforming growth factor β

T helper 1

thin-layer chromatography

Toll-like receptor

transmembrane domain

tandem mass tag

tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase

tumor necrosis factor-α

total correlation spectroscopy

transpeptidase

tissue plasminogen activator

tetratricopeptide repeat

regulatory T cell

transferred nuclear Overhauser effect

trans-sialidase

TNF-α-stimulated gene

thrombospondin

thrombospondin repeat

ultrathin section transmission electron microscopy

ubiquitin carboxyhydrolase

Ulex europaeus agglutinin

UDP-glucose glycoprotein glucosyltransferase

urokinase-type plasminogen activator (receptor)

urinary tract infection

ultraviolet-visible

vascular endothelial growth factor

VIP3b-like

variable number tandem repeat

variant surface antigen

variant surface glycoprotein

von Willebrand factor

Varicella zoster virus

Wisteria floribunda agglutinin

wheat germ agglutinin

wall teichoic acid

xylogalacturonan

X-linked nonsyndromic intellectual disability

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

Yin Yang 1