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Patrias K, author; Wendling D, editor. Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2007-.
Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers [Internet]. 2nd edition.
Show detailsSample Citation and Introduction to Citing Books and Other Individual Titles in Audiovisual Formats
The general format for a reference to an individual audiovisual title, including punctuation:
Examples of Citations to Books and Other Individual Titles in Audiovisual Formats
Audiovisuals include videocassettes, audiocassettes, videodiscs, motion pictures, and slides. CD-ROMs and DVDs are considered electronic material (see Chapters 18 - 21 for citing Material on CD-ROM, DVD, or Disk); for videocasts and podcasts see Chapters 22 - 26 for for citing material on the Internet.
An audiovisual may be published in monograph form, such as a book on videodisc, or in journal form, distributed on videocassette or audiocassette. Cite audiovisuals using the standard format for journals and books (see Chapter 1 and Chapter 2), but add a type of medium after the title to alert the user that special equipment is needed to view the publication.
The extent or length of an audiovisual is an optional component of a reference that may provide useful information to the reader. Provide extent as the total number of physical pieces, such as 387 slides or 1 videocassette. Include the run time if appropriate. Run time (also known as running-time) is the length of the film or program in minutes, such as 2 videocassettes: 140 min. You may provide more physical description details after the extent to give the reader additional information. For example, the size of an audiovisual can affect the equipment needed to view the item. See Physical Description in the next section for details.
This chapter covers audiovisuals published as individual titles, not journals or journal articles. See Chapter 16 for journals published in audiovisual formats. The chief source for information about an audiovisual is the opening screens. If more information is needed, consult the case housing the audiovisual or any accompanying booklet or other documentation.
Note that the rules for creating references to audiovisuals are not the same as the rules for cataloging them. Records found in the NLM LocatorPlus and the NLM Catalog databases therefore will not always agree with the instructions presented here.
Continue to Citation Rules with Examples for Books and Other Individual Titles in Audiovisual Formats.
Continue to Examples of Citations to Books and Other Individual Titles in Audiovisual Formats.
Citation Rules with Examples for Books and Other Individual Titles in Audiovisual Formats
Components/elements are listed in the order they should appear in a reference. An R after the component name means that it is required in the citation; an O after the name means it is optional.
Author/Editor (R) | Author Affiliation (O) | Title (R) | Type of Medium (R) | Edition (R) | Producer, Editor, and other Secondary Authors (O) | Place of Publication (R) | Publisher (R) | Date of Publication (R) | Extent (O) | Physical Description (O) | Series (O) | Language (R) | Notes (O)
Author/Editor for Books and Other Individual Titles in Audiovisual Formats (required)
General Rules for Author/Editor
- List names in the order they appear on the opening screens or in the text accompanying text
- Enter surname (family or last name) first for each author/editor
- Capitalize surnames and enter spaces within surnames as they appear in the document cited on the assumption that the author approved the form used. For example: Van Der Horn or van der Horn; De Wolf or de Wolf or DeWolf.
- Convert given (first) names and middle names to initials for a maximum of two initials following each surname
- Give all authors/editors, regardless of the number
- Separate author/editor names from each other by a comma and a space
- If there are no authors, only editors, follow the last named editor with a comma and the word editor or editors; see Producer, Editor, and Other Secondary Authors below if there are authors and editors
- End author/editor information with a period
Specific Rules for Author/Editor
Box 1
Surnames with hyphens and other punctuation in them.
Box 2
Other surname rules.
Box 3
Given names containing punctuation, a prefix, a preposition, or particle.
Box 4
Degrees, titles, and honors before or after a personal name.
Box 5
Designations of rank in a family, such as Jr and III.
Box 6
Names in non-roman alphabets (Cyrillic, Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Korean) or character-based languages (Chinese, Japanese).
Box 7
Non-English words for editor.
Box 8
Organizations as author.
Box 9
No author can be found.
Box 10
Options for author names.
Examples for Author/Editor
Author Affiliation for Books and Other Individual Titles in Audiovisual Formats (optional)
General Rules for Author Affiliation
- Enter the affiliation of all authors or only the first author
- Begin with the department and name of the institution, followed by city and state/Canadian province/country
- Use commas to separate parts of the address
- Place the affiliation in parentheses, such as (Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA)
- Separate the affiliation from its author by a space
- Follow the affiliation with a comma placed outside the closing parenthesis, unless it is the affiliation of the last author, then use a period
Specific Rules for Author Affiliation
Box 11
Abbreviations in affiliations.
Box 12
E-mail address included.
Box 13
Organizational names for affiliations not in English.
Box 14
Names for cities and countries not in English.
Examples for Author Affiliation
Title for Books and Other Individual Titles in Audiovisual Formats (required)
General Rules for Title
- Enter the title of an audiovisual as it appears on the opening screen(s) or in the text accompanying text, in the original language
- Capitalize only the first word of a title, proper nouns, proper adjectives, acronyms, and initialisms
- Use a colon followed by a space to separate a title from a subtitle, unless some other form of punctuation such as a question mark, period, or an exclamation point is already present
- Follow non-English titles with a translation whenever possible; place the translation in square brackets
- End a title with no punctuation unless a question mark or exclamation point already ends it
Specific Rules for Title
Box 15
Audiovisual titles not in English.
Box 16
Audiovisual titles in more than one language.
Box 17
Audiovisual titles ending in punctuation other than a period.
Box 18
Audiovisual titles containing a Greek letter, chemical formula, or another special character.
Box 19
No audiovisual title can be found.
Type of Medium for Books and Other Individual Titles in Audiovisual Formats (required)
General Rules for Type of Medium
- Indicate the type of medium (videocassette, audiocassette, videodisc, motion picture, slide, etc.) following the title
- Place the name of the medium in square brackets and end with a period, such as "[videocassette]."
- Add information about the medium according to the instructions under Physical Description below
Specific Rules for Type of Medium
Box 20
Titles ending in punctuation other than a period.
Box 21
Non-English titles with translations.
Box 22
More than one type of medium.
Examples for Type of Medium
Edition for Books and Other Individual Titles in Audiovisual Formats (required)
General Rules for Edition
- Indicate the edition/version being cited after the type of medium when an audiovisual is published in more than one edition or version
- Abbreviate common words (see Abbreviation rules for editions below)
- Capitalize only the first word of the edition statement, proper nouns, and proper adjectives
- Express numbers representing editions in arabic ordinals. For example: second becomes 2nd and III becomes 3rd.
- End the edition statement with a period
Box 23
Abbreviation rules for editions.
Specific Rules for Edition
Box 24
Non-English words for editions.
Box 25
Both an edition and a version.
Box 26
First editions.
Examples for Edition
Producer, Editor, and other Secondary Authors for Books and Other Individual Titles in Audiovisual Formats (optional)
General Rules for Producer, Editor, and other Secondary Authors
- A secondary author modifies the work of the author. Examples include producers, editors, and translators.
- Place the names of secondary authors after the type of medium and any edition statement
- Use the same rules for the format of names presented in Author above
- Follow the last named editor with a comma and the word editor or editors; the last named producer with a comma and the word producer or producers, etc.
- End secondary author information with a period
- If there is no author, move secondary authors such as editors and translators (but not producers) to the author position in the reference
Specific Rules for Producer, Editor, and other Secondary Authors
Box 27
More than one type of secondary author.
Box 28
Secondary author performing more than one role.
Box 29
Non-English names for secondary authors.
Box 30
Organization as editor.
Examples for Producer, Editor, and other Secondary Authors
Place of Publication for Books and Other Individual Titles in Audiovisual Formats (required)
General Rules for Place of Publication
- Place is defined as the city where the audiovisual was published
- Follow US and Canadian cities with the two-letter abbreviation for the state or province (see Appendix E) to avoid confusion when citing lesser known cities or when cities in different locations have the same name, such as Palm Springs (CA) and Palm Springs (FL)
- Follow cities in other countries with the name of the country, either written out or as the two-letter ISO country code (see Appendix D), when citing lesser known cities or when cities in different locations have the same name, such as London (ON) and London (England)
- Use the anglicized form for a non-US city, such as Vienna for Wein
- End place information with a colon
Specific Rules for Place of Publication
Box 31
Non-US cities.
Box 32
Joint publication.
Box 33
Multiple places of publication.
Box 34
No place of publication can be found.
Examples for Place of Publication
Publisher for Books and Other Individual Titles in Audiovisual Formats (required)
General Rules for Publisher
- Record the name of the publisher as it appears in the publication, using whatever capitalization and punctuation is found there
- Abbreviate well-known publisher names with caution to avoid confusion. For example, "John Wiley & Sons, Ltd." may become simply "Wiley".
- When a division or other subsidiary part of a publisher appears in the publication, enter the publisher name first. For example: McGraw-Hill, Health Professions Division.
- End publisher information with a semicolon
Specific Rules for Publisher
Box 35
Abbreviated words in publisher names.
Box 36
Non-English publisher names.
Box 37
Government agencies and other national and international bodies as publisher.
Box 38
Joint publication.
Box 39
Multiple publishers.
Box 40
No publisher can be found.
Examples for Publisher
Date of Publication for Books and Other Individual Titles in Audiovisual Formats (required)
General Rules for Date of Publication
- Always give the year of publication
- Convert roman numerals to arabic numbers. For example: MM to 2000.
- Include the month of publication, if desired, after the year, such as 2004 May
- Use English names for months and abbreviate them using the first three letters, such as Jan
- End date information with a period
Specific Rules for Date of Publication
Box 41
Multiple years of publication.
Box 42
Non-English names for months.
Box 43
Seasons instead of months.
Box 44
Date of publication and date of copyright.
Box 45
No date of publication, but a date of copyright.
Box 46
No date of publication or copyright can be found.
Box 47
Options for date of publication.
Examples for Date of Publication
Extent for Books and Other Individual Titles in Audiovisual Formats (optional)
General Rules for Extent
- Give the total number of physical pieces on which the audiovisual appears
- Follow the number with a space and the type of audiovisual. Note that motion pictures are expressed in terms of reels of film. Examples: 3 videocassettes, 54 slides, 2 reels.
- End with a colon and the run time expressed as minutes or hours, usually abbreviated to min. and hr.
- If Run time or Physical Description are not included, follow the type of audiovisual with a period; if either of them are included, end with a colon
Box 48
Run time.
Specific Rules for Extent
Examples for Extent
Physical Description for Books and Other Individual Titles in Audiovisual Formats (optional)
General Rules for Physical Description
- Give information on the physical characteristics of an audiovisual, such as color and size
Examples for Physical Description
Series for Books and Other Individual Titles in Audiovisual Formats (optional)
General Rules for Series
- Begin with the name of the series
- Capitalize only the first word and proper nouns
- Follow the name with any numbers provided. For example, a volume or issue number such as vol. 3 and no. 12
- Separate the title and the number by a semicolon and a space
- Place series information in parentheses
- End series information with a period, placed outside the closing parenthesis
Examples for Series
Language for Books and Other Individual Titles in Audiovisual Formats (required)
General Rules for Language
- Give the language of publication if not English
- Capitalize the language name
- Follow the language name with a period
Notes for Books and Other Individual Titles in Audiovisual Formats (optional)
General Rules for Notes
- Notes is a collective term for any type of useful information given after the citation itself
- Complete sentences are not required
- Be brief
Examples of Citations to Books and Other Individual Titles in Audiovisual Formats
1. Standard citation to an audiovisual
Carlson J. Depression [videocassette]. VandenBos GR, producer. Washington: American Psychological Association; c2005. 1 videocassette: 100 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
Wackers FJ, Jaffe CC, Lynch PJ. Nuclear cardiac imaging: equilibrium and gated first pass radionuclide angiocardiography [videodisc]. 1st ed.; Version 1.0. Saint Paul (MN): Image PSL; c1992. 1 videodisc: silent, black & white with color, 12 in.
Stanfield PS, Wetle V, Longshore G. Essential medical terminology [audiocassette]. 2nd ed. Sudbury (MA): Jones and Bartlett; c1996. 1 audiocassette: 89 min.
Heizer WD, Semrad CE, Sweeting JG. Clinical nutrition I [slide]. Bethesda (MD): American Gastroenterological Association; c2000. 117 slides: color, 2 x 2 in.
Baxley N, Dunaway C. Cognition, creativity, and behavior: the Columban simulations [motion picture]. Baxley N, editor and producer. Champaign (IL): Research Press Company; 1982. 1 reel: 30 min., sound, color, 16 mm.
2. Audiovisual authors with optional full first names given
Stanfield, Peggy S.; Wetle, Vikki; Longshore, Glen. Essential medical terminology [audiocassette]. 2nd ed. Sudbury (MA): Jones and Bartlett; c1996. 1 audiocassette : 89 min.
3. Audiovisuals with more than three authors (list all)
Crayton S, Daus G, Heart CA, Grant G, Perez Perdomo R, Noonan A, Watt ML. Health disparities: from civil rights to human rights [videoccassette]. Chapel Hill (NC): University of North Carolina, School of Public Health, Minority Health Project; 2005. 1 videocassette: 120 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
Lindenfeld T, O'Brien S, McCormack M, Arciero R, Wilk K, Paine R, Davies G, Malone T. Treatment and rehabilitation of shoulder instability [videocassette]. Cincinnati (OH): Cincinnati Sportsmedicine Research and Education Foundation; 1999. 2 videocassettes: 160 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
4. Audiovisuals with optional limit to the first three authors (use "et al." or "and others")
Crayton S, Daus G, Heart CA, et al. Health disparities: from civil rights to human rights [videocassette]. Chapel Hill (NC): University of North Carolina, School of Public Health, Minority Health Project; 2005. 1 videocassette: 120 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
Lindenfeld T, O'Brien S, McCormack M, and others. Treatment and rehabilitation of shoulder instability [videocassette]. Cincinnati (OH): Cincinnati Sportsmedicine Research and Education Foundation; 1999. 2 videocassettes: 160 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
5. Audiovisual author surnames with designations of rank in a family
Taylor HL Jr. Health and the built environment: the effects of where we live, work and play [videocassette]. Chapel Hill (NC): University of North Carolina, School of Public Health, Minority Health Program; c2005. 1 videocassette: 90 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
Amaral RS, Hoffman CW 3rd. Life cycle of Schistosoma mansoni [motion picture]. Amaral RS, Hoffman CW 3rd, producers. San Francisco: University of California, San Francisco; c1983. 1 reel: sound, color, 16 mm.
Fisch U, Davidson TM, Collins H 2nd, Harris JP, Kearns M. Infratemporal fossa surgery for temporal bone tumors [videocassette]. Washington: American Academy of Otolaryngology; c1983. 3 videocassettes: sound, color, 3/4 in.
6. Audiovisuals authors with particles or prefixes in their names (give as provided in the publication)
MacFadyen BV, Ponsky JL. The current spectrum of laparoscopic surgery [audiocassette]. Chicago (IL): American College of Surgeons; 1991. 9 audiocassettes.
McDevitt L. Expert exam. Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine [videocassette]. North Andover (MA): Fitzgerald Health Education Associates; c2005. 2 videocassettes: 3 hr., sound, color, 1/2 in.
O'Connor D. April and Renee: the supermodel, the tennis player, and the discourses of trans/sexual difference [videocassette]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2005. 1 videocassette: 75 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
Lindenfeld T, O'Brien S, McCormack M, Arciero R, Wilk K, Paine R, Davies G, Malone T. Treatment and rehabilitation of shoulder instability [videocassette]. Cincinnati (OH): Cincinnati Sportsmedicine Research and Education Foundation; 1999. 2 videocassettes: 160 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
Van Peebles M. Classified X [videocassette]. Yves Jeanneau Y, Le Goff C, producers; Mabilat C, Jones J, editors. [place unknown]: WinStar Home Entertainment; 1998. 1 videocassette: 50 min., sound, color and black & white, 1/2 in.
van der Linden FP, Proffit WR, McNamara JA Jr. Facial growth and facial orthopedics [videocassette]. Carol Stream (IL): Quintessence Publishing Co., Inc.; 2000. 2 videocassettes: 63 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
De Jong AR, Gibbons MS. How to recognize physical and sexual abuse in children [videocassette]. Secaucus (NJ): Network for Continuing Medical Education; c1990. 1 videocassette: 49 min., sound, color, 3/4 in.
7. Audiovisual authors with compound last names
Crayton S, Daus G, Heart CA, Grant G, Perez Perdomo R, Noonan A, Watt ML. Health disparities: from civil rights to human rights [videocassette]. Chapel Hill (NC): University of North Carolina, School of Public Health, Minority Health Project; 2005. 1 videocassette: 120 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
Kleine-Gunk B. Age shall not weary them: new perspectives on aging [videocassette]. Princeton (NJ): Films for the Humanities & Sciences; c2003. 1 videocassette: 26 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
Meis-Kindblom JM, Enzinger FM. Atlas of soft tissue tumors [videodisc]. 1st ed.; Version 1.0. Saint Paul (MN): Image PSL; c1993. 1 videodisc: silent, color, 12 in.
8. Audiovisuals with organization as author
Glaxo Pharmaceuticals. Acute and chronic hepatitis C [slide]. New York: HP Publishing Company; 1993. 12 slides: color, 2 x 2 in.
University of Nebraska Medical Center. Family practice review: best practices for the 21st century [videocassette]. Cherry Hill (NJ): CMEinfo.com; 2003. 41 videocassettes: 80 hr., sound, color, 1/2 in. Accompanied by: 1 guide in 3 vol.
9. Audiovisuals with organization as author with subsidiary part of organization named
Kaiser Permanente, Southern California Permanente Medical Group. Surgical reconstruction of cloacal exstrophy [motion picture]. Los Angeles: Wexler Films; 1985. 1 reel: 24 min., sound, color, 16 mm.
Akademiia Meditsinskikh nauk SSSR, Institut Tuberkuleza. Udalenie doli legkogo pri tuberkuleze [Lung lobe resection in tuberculosis] [motion picture]. Moscow: Otdel nauchnoi Kinofotodokumentatsii AMN SSSR; [1957?]. 2 reels: sound, color, 35 mm. Russian.
10. Audiovisuals with more than one organization as author
American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons; American Academy of Oral Pathology. CPC on multiple disease entities [slide]. Chicago: AAOMS; 1993. 41 slides: color, 2 x 2 in.
11. Audiovisuals with no authors found
Collaborative research with communities: value added & challenges faced [videocassette]. Washington: Public Health Foundation; 2006. 1 videocassette: 103 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
Clinical tonometry [motion picture]. Public Health Service Audiovisual Facility, producer. [Washington]: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (US), Public Health Service; 1965. 1 reel: silent, black & white, 35 mm.
12. Audiovisuals with author affiliation included
Whitlock DG (Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO), Spitzer VM (Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO). Video 3D atlas of the human head & neck in cross section [videodisc]. St. Louis (MO): Mosby-Year Book; 1993. 1 videodisc: silent, color with black & white, 12 in.
13. Audiovisuals with constructed title
Work TH. [Galapagos] [motion picture]. [place unknown]: T. Work; 1988. 2 reels: 3000 ft., silent, color, 16 mm.
14. Audiovisuals with title in a language other than English
Piccoli M. Les medecins sans frontiers [videocassette]. Gire JF, editor. New York: Society for French American Cultural Services and Educational Aid; 1991. 2 videocassettes: 121 min., sound, color with black & white sequences, 1/2 in. French.
Akademiia Meditsinskikh nauk SSSR, Institut Tuberkuleza. Udalenie doli legkogo pri tuberkuleze [motion picture]. Moscow: Otdel nauchnoi Kinofotodokumentatsii AMN SSSR; [1957?]. 2 reels: sound, color, 35 mm. Russian.
Diabetes tipo 2: estoy en el riesgo? [videocassette]. Carrollton (TX): PRIMEDIA Healthcare; 2004. 1 videocassette: 15 min., sound, color, 1/2 in. Spanish.
with translation included
Piccoli. M. Les medecins sans frontieres [Doctors without borders] [videocassette]. Gire JF, editor. New York: Society for French American Cultural Services and Educational Aid; 1991. 2 videocassettes: 121 min., sound, color with black & white sequences, 1/2 in. French.
Akademiia Meditsinskikh nauk SSSR, Institut Tuberkuleza. Udalenie doli legkogo pri tuberkuleze [Lung lobe resection in tuberculosis] [motion picture]. Moscow: Otdel nauchnoi Kinofotodokumentatsii AMN SSSR; [1957?]. 2 reels: sound, color, 35 mm. Russian.
Diabetes tipo 2: estoy en el riesgo? [Type 2 diabetes: what is the risk?] [videocassette]. Carrollton (TX): PRIMEDIA Healthcare; 2004. 1 videocassette: 15 min., sound, color, 1/2 in. Spanish.
15. Audiovisuals published with parallel text in two languages
Choropampa: the price of gold = Choropampa: el precio del oro [videocassette]. Cabellos E, Boyd S, producers. Brooklyn (NY): First Run/Icarus Films; c2002. 1 videocassette: 75 min., sound, color, 1/2 in. English, Spanish.
Paranormale heilmethoden auf den Philippinen = Paranormal healing in the Philippines [videocassette]. [place unknown: publisher unknown]; 1973-1980. 2 videocassettes: 90 min., sound, color, 3/4 in. German, English.
16. Audiovisuals published with text in multiple languages
A plastic story: a history of plastic surgery [videocassette]. Adocs, producer. New York: First Run/Icarus Films; c2003. 1 videocassette: 52 min., sound, color with black & white sequences, 1/2 in. English, French, Spanish with English subtitles.
Apparition et evolution de l'infirmite motrice cerebrale chez le nourrisson [The onset and evolution of cerebral palsy] [videocassette]. Champaign (IL): University of Illinois, Board of Trustees; c1983. 1 videocassette: 36 min., sound, color, 3/4 in. French, English.
The Guinea pig: handling and basic techniques [slide + audiocassette]. Stockholm (Sweden): FELASA; 1981. 31 slides: color, 2 x 2 in.; 1 audiocassette: 1 7/8 ips. English, German, Norwegian.
17. Audiovisuals with Greek letters in titles
β-arrestins: traffic cops of cell signaling [videocassette]. [Bethesda (MD)]: National Institutes of Health (US), Medical Arts and Photography Branch; 2002. 1 videocassette: 60 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
may become
Beta-arrestins: traffic cops of cell signaling [videocassette]. [Bethesda (MD)]: National Institutes of Health (US), Medical Arts and Photography Branch; 2002. 1 videocassette: 60 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
18. Audiovisuals with more than one type of medium
Microhemagglutination assay methods in the diagnosis of syphilis [audiocassette + slide]. Batavia (IL): NCCE; [1980?]. 1 audiocassette: 40 min., 1 7/8 ips.; 29 slides: color, 2 x 2 in.
The Guinea pig: handling and basic techniques [slide + audiocassette]. Stockholm (Sweden): FELASA; 1981. 31 slides: color, 2 x 2 in.; 1 audiocassette: 1 7/8 ips. English, German, Norwegian.
Ohio Regional Medical Audiovisual Consortium. Case studies in human growth and development: a flexible instructional module [audiocassette + videocassette]. Case Western Reserve University, Health Sciences Communication Center, producer. [Bethesda (MD)]: National Institutes of Health (US); 1978. 1 audiocassette: 7 min.; 1 videocassette: 15 min., sound, color, 3/4 in.
19. Audiovisuals with edition/version
The heart truth for women [videocassette]. Rev. ed. Bethesda (MD): National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (US); 2006. 1 videocassette: 9 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
Benzene, toluene, and xylene [videocassette]. Version 3. Lawrence D, producer. Edgartown (MA): Emergency Film Group; c2002. 1 videocassette: 28 min., sound, color, 1/2 in. (Hazchem; 7).
Aho M, Dorelli M, Roush L, Turner S. Following Antigone: forensic anthropology and human rights investigations [videocassette]. Eng. version. Gregory S, Dorelli M, Aho M, producers. New York: Witness; c2002. 1 videocassette: 37 min., sound, color with black & white sequences, 1/2 in.
Eklund GW, Cardenosa G, Parsons W. Optimizing the mammographic study: positioning and technical considerations [videodisc]. Version 1.0. Minneapolis (MN): Image Premastering Services; c1994. 1 videodisc: sound, color, 12 in.
High blood pressure: an introduction to treatment [videocassette]. 3rd ed. Timonium (MD): Milner-Fenwick; c2003. 1 videocassette: 16 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
Epidural anesthesia [videocassette]. 2nd ed.; Informed consent version. Timonium (MD): Milner-Fenwick; c2004. 1 videocassette: 10 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
Kapur RP. Ultrasound of fetal anomalies [videodisc]. 1st ed.; Version 1.0. Minneapolis (MM): Image Premastering Services; c1994. 1 videodisc: silent, color with black & white, 12 in.
20. Audiovisuals with authors and producer(s), editor(s), or other secondary authors
Hable M. Avoiding charges of negligence [videocassette]. Classroom Productions, producer. Irvine (CA): ConceptMedia; c2002. 1 videocassette: 25 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
Munoz SJ. Transplantation immunology [slide]. Barchi NE, illustrator. Bethesda (MD): American Gastroenterological Association; c1997. 94 slides: color, 2 x 2 in.
Van Peebles M. Classified X [videocassette]. Yves Jeanneau Y, Le Goff C, producers; Mabilat C, Jones J, editors. [place unknown]: WinStar Home Entertainment; 1998. 1 videocassette: 50 min., sound, color and black & white, 1/2 in.
Baxley N, Dunaway C. Cognition, creativity, and behavior: the Columban simulations [motion picture]. Baxley N, editor and producer. Champaign (IL): Research Press Company; 1982. 1 reel: 30 min., sound, color, 16 mm.
21. Audiovisuals with multiple organizations as producer
Taylor MR. Antibiotic resistance [videocassette]. Multimedia Communications; Physician Education and Development, producers. Oakland (CA): Kaiser Foundation Health Plan; c2005. 1 videocassette: 53 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
Aronson-Rath R. The alternative fix: a PBS Home Video [videocassette]. Frontline; Little Rain Productions, Inc.; WGBH Boston, producers. Alexandria (VA): PBS Video; c2003. 1 videocassette: 60 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
Geirget A. At the gates of autism: emerging into life [videocassette]. La Sept Arte; Gloria Films, producers. Princeton (NJ): Films for the Humanities & Sciences; c2002. 1 videocassette: 58 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
22. Audiovisual producers with subsidiary division
Sundin H. Administration of intravenous medication. Administering IV meds to adults [videocassette]. Washington State University College of Nursing, Learning Resources Center, producer. Irvine (CA): Concept Media; c2003. 1 videocassette: 21 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
23. Audiovisual producers when there is no author
Aging & creativity [videocassette]. Grand Rapids Community College, Media Technologies Department, producer. Medfield (MA): Aquarius Health Care Videos; 2002. 1 videocassette: 27 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
Alcohol and drug use and the cultures of addiction [videocassette]. Torres IA, Westbrook M, producers. Rockville (MD): Department of Health and Human Services (US), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment; 2003. 1 videocassette: 60 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
24. Audiovisuals with editors when there is no author
Johnson D, editor. Surgical techniques in orthopaedics: anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction [videodisc]. Rosemont (IL): American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; c2002. 1 videodisc: sound, color, 12 in.
Ridberg R, editor and producer. Spin the bottle: sex, lies & alcohol [videocassette]. Northampton (MA): Media Education Foundation; c2004. 1 videocassette: 45 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
Yang T, editor and producer. Lao tou [Old men] [videocassette]. Brooklyn (NY): First Run/Icarus Films; 1999. 1 videocassette: 94 min., sound, color, 1/2 in. Chinese.
25. Audiovisuals with well-known place of publication
Raikes J, Sachs S. Bad hair life [videocassette]. Raikes J, producer; Sachs S, editor. Boston: Fanlight Productions; c2003. 1 videocassette: 57 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
Cutler M. Radium treatment of carcinoma of the cervix [motion picture]. Chicago Film Laboratory, producer. Chicago: Petrolager Laboratories; 1938. 2 reels: silent, black & white, 35 mm.
26. Audiovisual place of publication with geographic qualifier added for clarity
Fisher WL, Papele H. 2005 national patient safety goals: training video for staff [videocassette]. Marblehead (MA): HCPro; c2005. 1 videocassette: 26 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
Kontrastdarstellung des Herzens und der grossen Gefasse im Rontgen-Kinofilm [Demonstration of the heart and large vessels in cine-radiographic film] [motion picture]. Bonn (Germany): [publisher unknown]; 1959. 1 reel: sound, black & white, 16 mm. German.
27. Audiovisuals with place of publication inferred
Fluoride: the magnificent mineral [motion picture]. [Bethesda (MD)]: National Institute of Dental Research (US), National Caries Program; c1984. 1 reel: 468 ft., sound, color with black & white, 16 mm.
28. Audiovisuals with no place of publication found
Van Peebles M. Classified X [videocassette]. Yves Jeanneau Y, Le Goff C, producers; Mabilat C, Jones J, editors. [place unknown]: WinStar Home Entertainment; 1998. 1 videocassette: 50 min., sound, color and black & white, 1/2 in.
Work TH. [Galapagos] [motion picture]. [place unknown]: T. Work; 1988. 2 reels: 3000 ft., silent, color, 16 mm.
29. Audiovisual publisher with subsidiary department/division named
Stryker MP. Making maps in the brain [videocassette]. Bethesda (MD): National Institutes of Health (US), Medical Arts and Photography Branch, Office of Research Services; 2006. 1 videocassette: 63 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
Taylor HL Jr. Health and the built environment: the effects of where we live, work and play [videocassette]. Chapel Hill (NC): University of North Carolina, School of Public Health, Minority Health Program; c2005. 1 videocassette: 90 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
30. Audiovisuals with government agency as publisher
Epidemiology and prevention of viral hepatitis A, B, C, D, E: an overview [slide]. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); 1996. 67 slides: color, 2 x 2 in.
Hennekens CH. Aspirin in the secondary and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease [audiocassette]. Bethesda (MD): National Institutes of Health (US); 1995. 1 audiocassette.
Stryker MP. Making maps in the brain [videocassette]. Bethesda (MD): National Institutes of Health (US), Medical Arts and Photography Branch, Office of Research Services; 2006. 1 videocassette: 63 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
31. Audiovisuals with joint publication
Does anyone die of AIDS anymore? [videocassette]. Los Angeles: Dream Out Loud Productions; 2002. 1 videocassette: 26 min., sound, color, 1/2 in. Jointly published by Fanlight Productions, Boston.
32. Audiovisuals with no publisher found
Kontrastdarstellung des Herzens und der grossen Gefasse im Rontgen-Kinofilm [Demonstration of the heart and large vessels in cine-radiographic film] [motion picture]. Bonn (Germany): [publisher unknown]; 1959. 1 reel: sound, black & white, 16 mm. German.
33. Audiovisuals with no place of publication or publisher found
Onepauur ydarehur dephmpudhou kucmbi cpedocmehur [Ablation of a cyst in the mediastinum] [motion picture]. [place unknown: publisher unknown]; 1954. 1 reel: sound, color, 35 mm. Russian.
Physics and technology applied to radiology and radiation oncology [slide]. [place unknown: publisher unknown]; 1994. 100 slides: color with black & white, 2 x 2 in.
34. Audiovisuals with standard date of publication
Glazer WM. Dosing antipsychotic medications: insights from data and practice [videocassette]. Health & Sciences Television Network, producer. Carrollton (TX): PRIMEDIA Workplace Learning; 2002. 1 videocassette: 60 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
35. Audiovisuals with date of copyright instead of date of publication
Assessment & diagnosis [videocassette]. Nick Kaufman Productions, producer. Clifton Park (NY): Thomson Delmar Learning; c2003. 1 videocassette: 30 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
Hegner BR. Delmar's nursing assistant laser discs [videodisc]. Albany (NY): Delmar Publishers; c1995. 5 videodiscs: 4 1/2 hr., sound, color, 12 in.
36. Audiovisuals with date of publication and date of copyright
MacIntyre R, Preston I. A room full of men [videocassette]. Preston I, Mitchell D, producers; Preston I, MacIntyre R, editors. Princeton (NJ): Films for the Humanities & Sciences; 1997, c1991. 1 videocassette: 49 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
37. Audiovisuals with date range of publication
Paranormale heilmethoden auf den Philippinen = Paranormal healing in the Philippines [videocassette]. [place unknown: publisher unknown]; 1973-1980. 2 videocassettes: 90 min., sound, color, 3/4 in. German, English.
38. Audiovisuals with date of publication estimated
Akademiia Meditsinskikh nauk SSSR, Institut Tuberkuleza. Udalenie doli legkogo pri tuberkuleze [Lung lobe resection in tuberculosis] [motion picture]. Moscow: Otdel nauchnoi Kinofotodokumentatsii AMN SSSR; [1957?]. 2 reels: sound, color, 35 mm. Russian.
39. Audiovisuals with no date of publication or copyright found
Cartwright B, D'Andrea M, Daniels J. Confronting racial and gender difference: 3 approaches to multicultural counseling and therapy [videocassette]. Framingham (MA): Microtraining Associates; [date unknown]. 1 videocassette: 80 min., sound, color, 1/2 in.
40. Audiovisuals with no place, publisher, or date of publication found
Technique of laparoscopy [motion picture]. [place, publisher, date unknown]. 1 reel: 757 ft., sound, color, 16 mm.
41. Audiovisual series with number given
Assessment & diagnosis [videocassette]. Nick Kaufman Productions, producer. Clifton Park (NY): Thomson Delmar Learning; c2003. 1 videocassette: 30 min., sound, color, 1/2 in. (Core concepts in nursing; program 2).
Greenberger NJ. Acute abdominal pain in adults [videocassette]. Secaucus (NJ): Network for Continuing Medical Education; 1987. 1 videocassette: 32 min., sound, color, 1/2 in. (NCME VHS; no. 842).
Benzene, toluene, and xylene [videocassette]. Version 3. Lawrence D, producer. Edgartown (MA): Emergency Film Group; c2002. 1 videocassette: 28 min., sound, color, 1/2 in. (Hazchem; 7).
Fuller MG. Cocaine use and its medical consequences [slide]. Hanover (NH): Project Cork; c1995. 62 slides: color, 2 x 2 in. (Alcohol use and its medical consequences; unit 11).
42. Audiovisuals with series without number
Rawson RA. Methamphetamine-- new knowledge, new treatments [videocassette]. Center City (MN): Hazelden Foundation; c2006. 1 videocassette: 64 min., sound, color, 1/2 in. (The clinical innovators series).
43. Audiovisuals with series with editor
Nelson JS, McKeever PE. Clinical neuropathology [videodisc]. Version 1.0. Minneapolis (MN): Image Premastering Services; c1994. 1 videodisc: silent, color, 12 in. (Nyberg DA, editor. ImageDisc library). Accompanied by: 200 p. guide.
44. Audiovisuals with sponsorship note included
Advances in diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnea and snoring [videocassette]. Cherry Hill (NJ): CMEinfo.com; 2000. 7 videocassettes: 13 hr., sound, color, 1/2 in. Sponsored by University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.
45. Audiovisuals accompanied by a manual or other material
Collins MS. Advanced radiology life support [videocassette]. Cherry Hill (NJ): CMEinfo.com; 2002. 4 videocassettes: 4 hr., sound, color, 1/2 in. Accompanied by: 1 guide (60 p.) and 1 post-test.
University of Nebraska Medical Center. Family practice review: best practices for the 21st century [videocassette]. Cherry Hill (NJ): CMEinfo.com; 2003. 41 videocassettes: 80 hr., sound, color, 1/2 in. Accompanied by: 1 guide in 3 vol.
46. Audiovisuals with supplemental note included
A family perspective: type 2 diabetes in young people [videocassette]. Timonium (MD): Milner-Fenwick; c2005. 1 videocassette: 19 min., sound, color, 1/2 in. Produced in cooperation with the American Association of Diabetes Educators.
1996 STD surveillance report [slide]. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control (US); 1997. 59 slides: color, 2 x 2 in. Available from: NTIS, Springfield, VA; AVA20125SS00.
Taylor HL Jr. Health and the built environment: the effects of where we live, work and play [videocassette]. Chapel Hill (NC): University of North Carolina, School of Public Health, Minority Health Program; c2005. 1 videocassette: 90 min., sound, color, 1/2 in. From the 26th Minority Health Conference, held in 2005 at Chapel Hill, NC.
Minkoff K. Adults and co-occurring disorders [videocassette]. Blue Moon Productions, producer. Center City (MN): Hazelden; c2003. 1 videocassette: 28 min., sound, color, 1/2 in. Closed-captioned.
Fluoride: the magnificent mineral [motion picture]. [Bethesda (MD)]: National Institute of Dental Research (US), National Caries Program; c1984. 1 reel: sound, color with black & white, 16 mm. Made possible by a grant from the Colgate-Palmolive Co.
Harbaugh OS, Slocum DB. Amputation of lower extremity [motion picture]. [Washington]: War Department (US); 1944. 2 reels: 45 min., silent, color, 16 mm. Located at: History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine; WE 850 VC no.40 1944.
Barry J, Hoard C. P.I.S.T. [motion picture]. Barry J, producer. Santa Monica (CA): Pyramid Film & Video; 1984. 1 reel: 6 min., sound, color, 16 mm. P.I.S.T. is an acronym for Psychological Improvement Situational Training.
Microhemagglutination assay methods in the diagnosis of syphilis [audiocassette + slide]. Batavia (IL): NCCE; [1980?]. 1 audiocassette: 40 min., 1 7/8 ips.; 29 slides: color, 2 x 2 in. NCCE stands for National Center for Continuing Education.
History of bioterrorism: biological warfare and terrorism [videocassette]. [Atlanta (GA)]: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); 2003. 1 videocassette: 27 min., sound, color with black & white sequences, 1/2 in. Parts of this video were adapted from "Biological warfare and terrorism: the military and public health response," co-produced by the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 1999.
- Books and Other Individual Titles in Audiovisual Formats - Citing MedicineBooks and Other Individual Titles in Audiovisual Formats - Citing Medicine
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