| a. Findings from systematic reviews on asthma interventions |
|---|
| Geryk 2017 (5) | Asthma | Education | Improved inhaler technique | NA |
| Walter 2016 (6) | Asthma | Education | Improved daytime and night-time symptoms; physical activity intolerance; emergency hospital visits; and missed school or work days | NA |
| b. Findings from systematic reviews on menstrual management interventions |
|---|
| Hennegan 2016 (7) | Menstruation | Education, provision of sanitary products | Sanitary pad provision: moderate yet statistically insignificant effect on school attendance; overall trends toward improvements in menstruation knowledge, management practices, psychosocial outcomes and school attendance |
School attendance:
SMD = 0.49,
95% CI: −0.13, 1.11,
p = 0.12
|
| c. Findings from systematic reviews on mental health interventions |
|---|
| Bastounis 2016 (8) | Depression and anxiety | Education, prevention |
Depression: non-significant, in favour of PRP programme;
Anxiety: non-significant, in favour of control
|
Depression:
MD = −0.23,
95% CI: −1.09, 0.62
Anxiety:
SMD = 0.13,
95% CI: 0.00, 0.26
|
| Brendel 2014 (9) | Well-being | Counselling | No statistically significant change | NA |
| Gold 2006 (10) | Autism | Therapy (music) | Small yet statistically significant effect sizes in favour of music therapy |
Gestural communication:
SMD = 0.50,
95% CI: 0.22, 0.79*
Verbal communication:
SMD = 0.36,
95% CI: 0.15, 0.57*
Behavioural problems:
SMD = −0.24,
95% CI:−0.45, −0.03*
|
| Higgins 2015 (11) | Anxiety | Prevention | Statistically significant improvement in self-reported anxiety | NA |
| Kavanagh 2009 (12,13) | Depression and anxiety | Counselling | Statistically significant reductions of depressive symptoms up to four weeks and three months follow-up |
4 weeks: SMD = −0.16,
95% CI:−0.26, −0.05
Equivalent to reduction in 1.44 points on BDI*
3 months: SMD = −0.21, 95% CI: −0.35, −0.07; equivalent to reduction in 1.9 points on BDI*
|
| McDonald 2018 (14) | Various | Therapy (art) | Improvements in outcomes on classroom behaviour, ODD and SAD | NA |
| Neil 2009 (15) | Anxiety | Prevention | Statistically significant reductions in anxiety symptoms at post-test and/or follow-up in 21 out of 27 primary trials | NA |
| Sullivan 2016 (16) | Trauma | Therapy | Improvements in trauma-related symptoms and impairment; negative effects for music therapy | NA |
| Werner-Seidler 2017 (17) | Depression and anxiety | Prevention, therapy | Small yet statistically significant effect sizes in favour of the intervention for both depression and anxiety |
Depression:
Hedges g = 0.23,
95% CI: 0.19, 0.28*
Anxiety:
Hedges g = 0.20,
95% CI: 0.14, 0.25*
|
| d. Findings from systematic reviews on obesity interventions |
|---|
| Schroeder 2016 (18) | Obesity prevention and treatment | Education, counselling, prevention | Small but statistically significant reductions in all three BMI outcomes |
BMI, attenuated due to high heterogeneity:
SMD = −0.06,
95% CI: −0.17, −0.01*
BMIz score:
SMD = −0.10,
95% CI: −0.15, −0.05*
BMI percentile:
SMD = −0.41,
95% CI: −0.60, −0.21*
|
| e. Findings from systematic reviews on oral health interventions |
|---|
| Arora 2017 (19) | Oral health and dental care attendance | Screening, referrals | Insufficient evidence for conclusions on oral health outcomes or dental attendance | NA |
| Cooper 2013 (20) | Caries | Education, prevention | Insufficient evidence for conclusions on caries increment or plaque accumulation | NA |
| Marinho 2015 (21) | Caries | Prevention | Decrease in caries increment |
PF = 0.28,
95% CI: 0.19, 0.36,
p < 0.0001*
|
| Stein 2017 (22) | Caries and oral hygiene | Education | Decrease in mean plaque levels; improved oral hygiene; no change in gingivitis |
Mean plaque levels:
MD = −0.36,
95% CI: −0.59, −0.13,
p = 0.004*
Oral hygiene:
MD = −0.42,
95% CI: −0.69, −0.15,
p = 0.002*
Gingivitis:
MD = −0.07,
95% CI: −0.32, 0.19,
p = 0.61
|
| f. Findings from systematic reviews on sexual and reproductive health interventions |
|---|
| Paul-Ebhohimhen 2008 (23) | STIs and HIV | Education | Increased knowledge and attitudes; ineffective in changing risky behaviours | NA |
| g. Findings from systematic reviews on sleep interventions |
|---|
| Chung 2017 (24) | Sleep | Education | Statistically significant short-term benefits for all three outcomes |
Weekday sleep time:
SMD = 0.23,
95% CI = [0.17, 0.29],
p = 0.0001*
Weekend sleep time:
SMD = 0.46,
95% CI = [0.04, 0.86],
p = 0.03*
Mood:
SMD = 0.81,
95% CI: 0.17, 1.47,
p = 0.01*
|
| h. Findings from systematic reviews on vision interventions |
|---|
| Evans 2018 (25) | Visual acuity | Education, screening, spectacles provision | Statistically significant increase in spectacles wear; no difference between provision of ready-made versus custom-made spectacles; no comparison of vision screening versus no vision screening |
Free spectacles versus prescription:
RR = 1.6,
95% CI = [1.34, 1.90],
p < 0.00001*
Ready-made versus custom-made:
RR = 0.98,
95% CI = [0.91, 1.05],
p = 0.51
|