Excerpt

Bladder cancer is the seventh most common cancer in the UK, with just over 10,000 cases diagnosed each year (CRUK, 2013a). These are unevenly split between men (fourth most common cancer) and women (11th most common cancer).

Around 5,000 people each year die from bladder cancer, making it the seventh most common cause of cancer death (CRUK, 2013b). As with new diagnoses these are unevenly split between men (sixth most common cancer death) and women (12th most common cancer death).

There are a number of well-known risk factors for bladder cancer, with the main risk being increasing age. Smoking is also a key risk and the chance of developing bladder cancer is about three times higher in smokers (Parkin, 2011a). There are also certain industrial chemicals linked to bladder cancer: these chemicals are now controlled but it is estimated they account for about 7% of males and 2% of female bladder cancers (Parkin, 2011b).

Contents

• Key priorities for implementation
• Key research recommendations
• Methodology
• Algorithms
• 1. Epidemiology
  • 1.1. Methods
  • 1.2. Incidence
  • 1.3. Non-malignant bladder tumours
  • 1.4. Mortality
  • 1.5. Survival
  • 1.6. Treatment
  • 1.7. References
• 2. Patient centred care
  • 2.1. Patient satisfaction
  • 2.2. Role of the clinical nurse specialist in giving information and advice
  • 2.3. Specialist palliative care needs at end of life
  • 2.4. Smoking cessation and long term outcomes for people with bladder cancer
  • 2.5. References
• 3. Diagnosing and staging bladder cancer
  • 3.1. Endoscopic Assessment
  • 3.2. Transurethral surgical technique
  • 3.3. Urinary Biomarkers
  • 3.4. Imaging
  • 3.5. References
• 4. Managing non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
  • 4.1. Risk Stratification
  • 4.2. Managing non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
  • 4.3. Managing side effects of treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
  • 4.4. Follow-up after treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
  • 4.5. References
• 5. Managing muscle-invasive bladder cancer
  • 5.1. The role of chemotherapy in treatment of organ confined muscle-invasive bladder cancer
  • 5.2. Treatment of organ confined muscle-invasive bladder cancer
  • 5.3. Managing side effects of treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer
  • 5.4. Follow-up after radical treatment of organ confined muscle-invasive bladder cancer
  • 5.5. References
• 6. Managing locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer
  • 6.1. Managing people with distant metastases
  • 6.2. Managing symptoms of locally advanced or metastic bladder cancer
  • 6.3. References
• Appendices
  • Appendix A. The cost-effectiveness of a single instillation of chemotherapy immediately after transurethral resection of bladder tumour
  • Appendix B. The cost-effectiveness of reduced follow-up and/or follow-up using newer tests and techniques in comparison to the test and protocols used in current practice in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients
  • Appendix C. Abbreviations
  • Appendix D. Glossary
  • Appendix E. Guideline scope
  • Appendix F. People and organisations involved in production of the guideline
• Evidence Review
  • 1. Patient Centred Care
  • 2. Diagnosing and staging bladder cancer
  • 3. Manageing non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
  • 4. Managing muscle-invasive bladder cancer
  • 5. Managing locally advanced or metastatic bladder cancer
  • Appendix 1. Review Protocols
  • Appendix 2. Search Strategies
  • Appendix 3. Excluded health economic papers
• Needs Assessment

Disclaimer: Healthcare professionals are expected to take NICE clinical guidelines fully into account when exercising their clinical judgement. However, the guidance does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of each patient, in consultation with the patient and/or their guardian or carer.