BioProject

The incidence of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is increasing, and the identification of new Mycobacterium species is also increasing. More...

The incidence of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is increasing, and the identification of new Mycobacterium species is also increasing. We describe the first case of chronic pulmonary infection caused by an unidentified Mycobacterium. A 66-year-old man was referred to our hospital with several-week history of low-grade fever and productive cough. An acid-fast bacillus smear test of the sputum revealed positive. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Mycobacterium intracellulare was positive. However, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) of strain failed to identify the strain. The isolated culture was referred for further genotypic identification and was confirmed to be a novel species. Combination therapy with clarithromycin, rifampicin, and sitafloxacin was started. Despite treatment, the patient's condition gradually worsened during the subsequent follow-up period. In this project, we determined the genomic sequence of the isolate in this case. Mycobacterium habikinoensis, a novel species closely related to Mycobacterium. senriense, but with distinct characteristics. Further clarifying of Mycobacterium species through methods such as gene testing will improve the diagnosis and treatment of NTM-PD. Less...