PDZ domain of PDZ-LIM family proteins, and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of PDZ-LIM family proteins including PDLIM1-7, and related domains. PDZ-LIM family proteins (also known as Zasp PDZ domain proteins) are involved in the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton; they mediate association with the cytoskeleton through alpha-actinin as well as with other proteins involved in signal transduction pathways. Members of this family include PDLIM1 (also known as C-terminal LIM domain protein 1, elfin, LIM domain protein CLP-36), PDLIM2 (also known as PDZ-LIM protein mystique), PDLIM3 (also known as actinin-associated LIM protein, alpha-actinin-2-associated LIM protein, ALP), PDLIM4 (also known as LIM protein RIL, Reversion-induced LIM protein), PDLIM5 (also known as enigma homolog, ENH, enigma-like PDZ and LIM domains protein), PDLIM6 (also known as LIM domain-binding protein 3, ZASP, Cypher, Oracle), and PDLIM7 (also known as PDZ and LIM domain protein 7, LIM mineralization protein, LMP; protein enigma). PDLIM1 has been shown to negatively regulate NF-kappaB-mediated signaling in the cytoplasm. PDLIM7 negatively regulates p53 through binding murine double minute 2 (MDM2). The PDZ domains of PDZ-LIM family proteins PDLIM1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 have been shown to bind actin. Other PDZ-LIM family PDZ domain binding partners include thyroid receptor interacting protein-6 (PDLIM4-PDZ), the LIM domain of PDLIM4 (PDLIM4-PDZ), tropomyosin (PDLIM7-PDZ), myotilin and calsarcin 1 (PDLIM6-PDZ), and proteins from the myotilin and FATZ (calsarcin/myozenin) families (PDLIM1, 3, 4, 6 PDZ domains). PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This PDLIM-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1958699349   5 KVVLEGPAPWGFRLQGGKDFNVPLSISRLTPGGKAAQAGVAVGDWVLSIDGENAGSLTHIEAQNKIRACGERLSLGLSR 83
Cdd:cd06753     1 SVTLSGPAPWGFRLQGGKDFNQPLTISRVTPGGKAAQANLRPGDVILAINGESTEGMTHLEAQNKIKAATGSLSLTLER 79

Domain of unknown function (DUF4749); This presumed domain is functionally uncharacterized. This domain family is found in eukaryotes, and is typically between 121 and 170 amino acids in length. It is usually found in association with pfam00595 (PDZ) and pfam00412 (LIM), and often contains the conserved Zasp-like motif (IPR006643).

                          10        20
                  ....*....|....*....|...
gi 1958699349 170 QSRSFRILAHLTGTEFMQDPDEE 192
Cdd:pfam15936  72 QSGSFRVLQEILETEYLQPPEEE 94

PDZ domain of PDZ-LIM family proteins, and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of PDZ-LIM family proteins including PDLIM1-7, and related domains. PDZ-LIM family proteins (also known as Zasp PDZ domain proteins) are involved in the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton; they mediate association with the cytoskeleton through alpha-actinin as well as with other proteins involved in signal transduction pathways. Members of this family include PDLIM1 (also known as C-terminal LIM domain protein 1, elfin, LIM domain protein CLP-36), PDLIM2 (also known as PDZ-LIM protein mystique), PDLIM3 (also known as actinin-associated LIM protein, alpha-actinin-2-associated LIM protein, ALP), PDLIM4 (also known as LIM protein RIL, Reversion-induced LIM protein), PDLIM5 (also known as enigma homolog, ENH, enigma-like PDZ and LIM domains protein), PDLIM6 (also known as LIM domain-binding protein 3, ZASP, Cypher, Oracle), and PDLIM7 (also known as PDZ and LIM domain protein 7, LIM mineralization protein, LMP; protein enigma). PDLIM1 has been shown to negatively regulate NF-kappaB-mediated signaling in the cytoplasm. PDLIM7 negatively regulates p53 through binding murine double minute 2 (MDM2). The PDZ domains of PDZ-LIM family proteins PDLIM1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 have been shown to bind actin. Other PDZ-LIM family PDZ domain binding partners include thyroid receptor interacting protein-6 (PDLIM4-PDZ), the LIM domain of PDLIM4 (PDLIM4-PDZ), tropomyosin (PDLIM7-PDZ), myotilin and calsarcin 1 (PDLIM6-PDZ), and proteins from the myotilin and FATZ (calsarcin/myozenin) families (PDLIM1, 3, 4, 6 PDZ domains). PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This PDLIM-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1958699349   5 KVVLEGPAPWGFRLQGGKDFNVPLSISRLTPGGKAAQAGVAVGDWVLSIDGENAGSLTHIEAQNKIRACGERLSLGLSR 83
Cdd:cd06753     1 SVTLSGPAPWGFRLQGGKDFNQPLTISRVTPGGKAAQANLRPGDVILAINGESTEGMTHLEAQNKIKAATGSLSLTLER 79

Domain present in PSD-95, Dlg, and ZO-1/2; Also called DHR (Dlg homologous region) or GLGF (relatively well conserved tetrapeptide in these domains). Some PDZs have been shown to bind C-terminal polypeptides; others appear to bind internal (non-C-terminal) polypeptides. Different PDZs possess different binding specificities.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958699349    4 FKVVLE-GPAPWGFRLQGGKDFNVPLSISRLTPGGKAAQAGVAVGDWVLSIDGENAGSLTHIEAQNKIRACGERLSLGLS 82
Cdd:smart00228   3 RLVELEkGGGGLGFSLVGGKDEGGGVVVSSVVPGSPAAKAGLRVGDVILEVNGTSVEGLTHLEAVDLLKKAGGKVTLTVL 82

                   .
gi 1958699349   83 R 83
Cdd:smart00228  83 R 83

Zinc-binding domain present in Lin-11, Isl-1, Mec-3; Zinc-binding domain family. Some LIM domains bind protein partners via tyrosine-containing motifs. LIM domains are found in many key regulators of developmental pathways.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1958699349  288 VCHQCHKIIRG--RYLVALGHAYHPEEFVCSQCGKVLEEGGFFEEKGAIFCPSC 339
Cdd:smart00132   1 KCAGCGKPIYGteRVLRALGKVWHPECFKCATCGKPLSGDTFFEKDGKLYCKDC 54

Domain of unknown function (DUF4749); This presumed domain is functionally uncharacterized. This domain family is found in eukaryotes, and is typically between 121 and 170 amino acids in length. It is usually found in association with pfam00595 (PDZ) and pfam00412 (LIM), and often contains the conserved Zasp-like motif (IPR006643).

                          10        20
                  ....*....|....*....|...
gi 1958699349 170 QSRSFRILAHLTGTEFMQDPDEE 192
Cdd:pfam15936  72 QSGSFRVLQEILETEYLQPPEEE 94

serine endoprotease DegP;

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1958699349  30 ISRLTPGGKAAQAGVAVGDWVLSIDGENAGSLTHIEAQNKIRACGERLSLGLSR 83
Cdd:PRK10942  315 VSQVLPNSSAAKAGIKAGDVITSLNGKPISSFAALRAQVGTMPVGSKLTLGLLR 368

PDZ domain of PDZ-LIM family proteins, and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of PDZ-LIM family proteins including PDLIM1-7, and related domains. PDZ-LIM family proteins (also known as Zasp PDZ domain proteins) are involved in the rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton; they mediate association with the cytoskeleton through alpha-actinin as well as with other proteins involved in signal transduction pathways. Members of this family include PDLIM1 (also known as C-terminal LIM domain protein 1, elfin, LIM domain protein CLP-36), PDLIM2 (also known as PDZ-LIM protein mystique), PDLIM3 (also known as actinin-associated LIM protein, alpha-actinin-2-associated LIM protein, ALP), PDLIM4 (also known as LIM protein RIL, Reversion-induced LIM protein), PDLIM5 (also known as enigma homolog, ENH, enigma-like PDZ and LIM domains protein), PDLIM6 (also known as LIM domain-binding protein 3, ZASP, Cypher, Oracle), and PDLIM7 (also known as PDZ and LIM domain protein 7, LIM mineralization protein, LMP; protein enigma). PDLIM1 has been shown to negatively regulate NF-kappaB-mediated signaling in the cytoplasm. PDLIM7 negatively regulates p53 through binding murine double minute 2 (MDM2). The PDZ domains of PDZ-LIM family proteins PDLIM1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 have been shown to bind actin. Other PDZ-LIM family PDZ domain binding partners include thyroid receptor interacting protein-6 (PDLIM4-PDZ), the LIM domain of PDLIM4 (PDLIM4-PDZ), tropomyosin (PDLIM7-PDZ), myotilin and calsarcin 1 (PDLIM6-PDZ), and proteins from the myotilin and FATZ (calsarcin/myozenin) families (PDLIM1, 3, 4, 6 PDZ domains). PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This PDLIM-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1958699349   5 KVVLEGPAPWGFRLQGGKDFNVPLSISRLTPGGKAAQAGVAVGDWVLSIDGENAGSLTHIEAQNKIRACGERLSLGLSR 83
Cdd:cd06753     1 SVTLSGPAPWGFRLQGGKDFNQPLTISRVTPGGKAAQANLRPGDVILAINGESTEGMTHLEAQNKIKAATGSLSLTLER 79

PDZ domain of Drosophila melanogaster PDZ and LIM domain protein Zasp52 (also known as Zasp), and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of Drosophila melanogaster Zasp52 and related domains. Drosophila melanogaster Zasp52 (also known as Z band alternatively spliced PDZ-motif protein or Zasp) colocalizes with integrins at myotendinous junctions and with alpha-actinin at Z-disks and is required for muscle attachment as well as Z-disk assembly and maintenance. The Zasp52 actin-binding site includes the extended PDZ domain and the ZM region. The Zasp52-PDZ domain is required for myofibril assembly. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This Zasp52-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1958699349  13 PWGFRLQGGKDFNVPLSISRLTPGGKAAQAGVAVGDWVLSIDGENAGSLTHIEAQNKIRACGERLSLGLSR 83
Cdd:cd23068    12 PWGFRLQGGADFGQPLSIQKVNPGSPADKAGLRRGDVILRINGTDTSNLTHKQAQDLIKRAGNDLQLTVQR 82

Domain present in PSD-95, Dlg, and ZO-1/2; Also called DHR (Dlg homologous region) or GLGF (relatively well conserved tetrapeptide in these domains). Some PDZs have been shown to bind C-terminal polypeptides; others appear to bind internal (non-C-terminal) polypeptides. Different PDZs possess different binding specificities.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958699349    4 FKVVLE-GPAPWGFRLQGGKDFNVPLSISRLTPGGKAAQAGVAVGDWVLSIDGENAGSLTHIEAQNKIRACGERLSLGLS 82
Cdd:smart00228   3 RLVELEkGGGGLGFSLVGGKDEGGGVVVSSVVPGSPAAKAGLRVGDVILEVNGTSVEGLTHLEAVDLLKKAGGKVTLTVL 82

                   .
gi 1958699349   83 R 83
Cdd:smart00228  83 R 83

PDZ domain of synaptopodin 2 (SYNPO2), synaptopodin 2-like protein (SYNPO2L), and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of SYNPO2, SYNPO2L, and related domains. SYNPO2 (also known as genethonin-2, myopodin) is a cytoskeleton adaptor protein. It participates in chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA), a mechanism for the disposal of misfolded and damaged proteins and provides a link between the CASA chaperone complex and a membrane-tethering and fusion machinery that generates autophagosome membranes. The SYNPO2 PPxY motif binds CASA cochaperone BCL2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) and the SYNPO2 PDZ domain binds vacuolar protein sorting 18 homolog (VPS18). There are three isoforms of SYNPO2, which possess an amino-terminal PDZ domain (SYNPO2a, b, c); the short isoform SYNPO2d, lacks the PDZ domain. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This SYNPO2-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1958699349   6 VVLEGPAPWGFRLQGGKDFNVPLSISRLTPGGKAAQAGVAVGDWVLSIDGENAGSLTHIEAQNKIRACGERLSL 79
Cdd:cd10820     2 VTLTGGAPWGFRLQGGSEQKKPLQVAKIRKKSKAALAGLCEGDELLSINGKPCADLSHSEAMDLIDSSGDTLQL 75

canonical PDZ domain; Canonical PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain. PDZ domains usually bind to short specific peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins known as PDZ binding motifs. These domains can also interact with internal peptide motifs and certain lipids, and can take part in a head-to-tail oligomerization with other PDZ domains. The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. The canonical PDZ domain contains six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1958699349   5 KVVLEGPA--PWGFRLQGGKDFNVPLSISRLTPGGKAAQAG-VAVGDWVLSIDGENAGSLTHIEAQNKIRACGERLSL 79
Cdd:cd00136     1 TVTLEKDPggGLGFSIRGGKDGGGGIFVSRVEPGGPAARDGrLRVGDRILEVNGVSLEGLTHEEAVELLKSAGGEVTL 78

The first LIM domain of ZASP/Cypher family; The first LIM domain of ZASP/Cypher family: ZASP was identified in human heart and skeletal muscle and Cypher is a mice ortholog of ZASP. ZASP/Cyppher contains three LIM domains at the C-terminus and a PDZ domain at N-terminus. ZASP/Cypher is required for maintenance of Z-line structure during muscle contraction, but not required for Z-line assembly. In heart, Cypher/ZASP plays a structural role through its interaction with cytoskeletal Z-line proteins. In addition, there is increasing evidence that Cypher/ZASP also performs signaling functions. Studies reveal that Cypher/ZASP interacts with and directs PKC to the Z-line, where PKC phosphorylates downstream signaling targets. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1958699349 289 CHQCHKIIRGRYLVALGHAYHPEEFVCSQCGKVLEEGGFFEEKGAIFCPSCY 340
Cdd:cd09454     1 CGHCNNIIRGPFLVALGRSWHPEEFTCHYCHTSLADVSFVEEQNNVYCENCY 52

PDZ domain 5 of membrane-associated guanylate kinase inverted 1 (MAGI-1), MAGI-2, and MAGI-3, and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain 5 of MAGI1, 2, 3 (MAGI is also known as Membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein) and related domains. MAGI proteins have been implicated in the control of cell migration and invasion through altering the activity of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and modulating Akt signaling. Four MAGI proteins have been identified (MAGI1-3 and MAGIX). MAGI1-3 have 6 PDZ domains and bind to the C-terminus of PTEN via their PDZ2 domain. MAGIX has a single PDZ domain that is related to MAGI1-3 PDZ domain 5, and belongs to this MAGI1,2,3-like family. Other binding partners for MAGI1 include JAM4, C-terminal tail of high risk HPV-18 E6, megalin, TRAF6, Kir4.1 (basolateral K+ channel subunit), and cadherin 23; for MAGI2, include DASM1, dendrin, axin, beta- and delta-catenin, neuroligin, hyperpolarization-activated cation channels, beta1-adrenergic receptors, NMDA receptor, and TARPs; and for MAGI3 includes LPA2. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This MAGI family PDZ5 domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged as beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958699349   4 FKVVLE-GPAPWGFRLQGGKDF-NVPLSISRLTPGGKAAQAG-VAVGDWVLSIDGENAGSLTHIEAQNKIRACGERLSLG 80
Cdd:cd06735     2 YSVELErGPKGFGFSIRGGREYnNMPLYVLRLAEDGPAQRDGrLRVGDQILEINGESTQGMTHAQAIELIRSGGSVVRLL 81

                  ...
gi 1958699349  81 LSR 83
Cdd:cd06735    82 LRR 84

PDZ domain; PDZ domains are found in diverse signaling proteins.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958699349   3 SFKVVLEGPAPWGFRLQGGKDF-NVPLSISRLTPGGKAAQAGVAVGDWVLSIDGENAGSLTHIEAQNKIRACGERLSLGL 81
Cdd:pfam00595   1 QVTLEKDGRGGLGFSLKGGSDQgDPGIFVSEVLPGGAAEAGGLKVGDRILSINGQDVENMTHEEAVLALKGSGGKVTLTI 80

PDZ domain of shroom2, shroom3, shroom4, and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of shroom2, shroom3, shroom4, and related domains. Shroom family proteins shroom2 (also known as apical-like protein; protein APXL), shroom3 (also known as shroom-related protein), and shroom4 (also known as second homolog of apical protein) are essential regulators of cell morphology during animal development; they regulate cell architecture by directing the subcellular distribution and activation of Rho kinase (ROCK), which results in the localized activation of non-muscle myosin. The interaction between shroom and ROCK is mediated by the shroom domain 2 (SD2). PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This shroom2,3,4-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged as beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958699349   3 SFKVVLEGPAPWGFRLQGGKDFNVPLSISRLTPGGKAAQAG-VAVGDWVLSIDGEN-AGSltHIEAQNKIRACGERLSLG 80
Cdd:cd06750     2 LIEVQLQGGAPWGFTLKGGLEHGEPLVISKIEEGGKAASVGkLQVGDEVVNINGVPlSGS--RQEAIQLVKGSHKTLKLV 79

                  ...
gi 1958699349  81 LSR 83
Cdd:cd06750    80 VRR 82

The first LIM domain of Leupaxin; The first LIM domain of Leupaxin: Leupaxin is a cytoskeleton adaptor protein, which is preferentially expressed in hematopoietic cells. Leupaxin belongs to the paxillin focal adhesion protein family. Same as other members of the family, it has four leucine-rich LD-motifs in the N-terminus and four LIM domains in the C-terminus. It may function in cell type-specific signaling by associating with interaction partners PYK2, FAK, PEP and p95PKL. When expressed in human leukocytic cells, leupaxin significantly suppressed integrin-mediated cell adhesion to fibronectin and the tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin. These findings indicate that leupaxin may negatively regulate the functions of paxillin during integrin signaling. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1958699349 289 CHQCHKIIRGRYLVALGHAYHPEEFVCSQCGKVLEEGGFFEEKGAIFCPSCY 340
Cdd:cd09406     3 CASCQKPIAGQVVTALGQTWHPEHFVCCQCGKELGSRPFFERNGQAYCEEDY 54

PDZ domain 7 of PDZ domain containing 2 (PDZD2), PDZ domain 4 of human pro-interleukin-16 (isoform 1, 1332 AA), and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain 7 of PDZD2, also known as KIAA0300, PIN-1, PAPIN, activated in prostate cancer (AIPC) and PDZ domain-containing protein 3 (PDZK3). PDZD2 has seven PDZ domains. PDZD2 is expressed at exceptionally high levels in the pancreas and certain cancer tissues, such as prostate cancer. It promotes the proliferation of insulinoma cells and is upregulated during prostate tumorigenesis. In osteosarcoma (OS), the microRNA miR-363 acts as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting PDZD2. This family include the PDZ domain of the secreted mature form of human interleukin-16 (IL-16); this is the fourth PDZ domain (PDZ4) of human pro-interleukin-16 (isoform 1, also known as nPro-Il-16). Precursor IL-16 is cleaved to produce pro-IL-16 and C-terminal mature IL-16. Pro-IL-16 functions as a regulator of T cell growth; mature IL-16 is a CD4 ligand that induces chemotaxis and CD25 expression in CD4+ T cells. IL-16 bioactivity has been closely associated with the progression of several different cancers PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This PDZD2-like family PDZ7 domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1958699349   3 SFKVVLE-GPAPWGFRLQGGKDF---NVPLSISRLTPGGKAAQAG-VAVGDWVLSIDGENAGSLTHIEAQNKIRA 72
Cdd:cd06763     1 AVTVELEkGSAGLGFSLEGGKGSplgDRPLTIKRIFKGGAAEQSGvLQVGDEILQINGTSLQGLTRFEAWNIIKS 75

The second LIM domain of Lrg1p, a LIM and RhoGap domain containing protein; The second LIM domain of Lrg1p, a LIM and RhoGap domain containing protein: The members of this family contain three tandem repeats of LIM domains and a Rho-type GTPase activating protein (RhoGap) domain. Lrg1p is a Rho1 GTPase-activating protein required for efficient cell fusion in yeast. Lrg1p-GAP domain strongly and specifically stimulates the GTPase activity of Rho1p, a regulator of beta (1-3)-glucan synthase in vitro. The LIM domain is 50-60 amino acids in size and shares two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1958699349 289 CHQCHKIIRGRYLVALGHAYHPEEFVCSQCGKVLEEG-GFFEEKGAIFC 336
Cdd:cd09392     1 CFKCGGALRGSYITALGRKYHVEHFTCSVCPTVFGPNdSYYEHEGKIYC 49

PDZ domain 2 of the canonical isoform 1 of PDZ domain containing 7 (PDZD7), and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain 2 of the long isoform 1 of PDZD7, and related domains. PDZD7 is critical for the organization of Usher syndrome type 2 (USH2) complex. Usher syndrome is the leading cause of hereditary sensory deaf-blindness in humans; USH2 is the most common sub-type. Formation of the USH2 complex is based upon heterodimerization between PDZD7 and whirlin (another PDZ domain-containing protein) and a subsequent dynamic interplay between USH2 proteins via their multiple PDZ domains. The PDZD7 PDZ2 domain binds GPR98 (also known as VLGR1) and usherin (USH2A). PDZD7 and whirlin form heterodimers through their multiple PDZ domains; whirlin and PDZD7 interact with usherin and GPR98 to form an interdependent ankle link complex. PDZD7 also interacts with myosin VIIa. PDZD7 also forms homodimers through its PDZ2 domain. Various isoforms of PDZD7 produced by alternative splicing have been identified; this subgroup includes the second PDZ domain of the canonical isoform of PDZD7- isoform 1. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This PDZD7-like family PDZ2 domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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gi 1958699349  14 WGFRLQGGKDFNVPLSISRLTPGGKAAQAGVAVGDWVLSIDGENAGSLTHIEAQNKIR 71
Cdd:cd10834    15 LGFNIRGGSEYGLGIYVSKVDPGGLAEQNGIKVGDQILAVNGVSFEDITHSKAVEVLK 72

The fourth LIM domain of protein PINCH; The fourth LIM domain of protein PINCH: PINCH plays a pivotal role in the assembly of focal adhesions (FAs), regulating diverse functions in cell adhesion, growth, and differentiation through LIM-mediated protein-protein interactions. PINCH comprises an array of five LIM domains that interact with integrin-linked kinase (ILK), Nck2 (also called Nckbeta or Grb4) and other interaction partners. These interactions are essential for triggering the FA assembly and for relaying diverse mechanical and biochemical signals between Cell-extracellular matrix and the actin cytoskeleton. The PINCH LIM4 domain recognizes the third SH3 domain of another adaptor protein, Nck2. This step is an important component of integrin signaling event. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assem bly of multimeric protein complexes.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1958699349 287 PVCHQCHKIIRGRYLVALGHAYHPEEFVCSQCGKVLEEGGFFEEKGAIFCPSCY 340
Cdd:cd09334     1 PICGACRRPIEGRVVTALGKHWHVEHFVCAKCEKPFLGHRHYEKKGLAYCETHY 54

The third LIM domain of the paxillin like protein family; The third LIM domain of the paxillin like protein family: This family consists of paxillin, leupaxin, Hic-5 (ARA55), and other related proteins. There are four LIM domains in the C-terminal of the proteins and leucine-rich LD-motifs in the N-terminal region. Members of this family are adaptor proteins to recruit key components of signal-transduction machinery to specific sub-cellular locations. Paxillin is found at the interface between the plasma membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. Paxillin serves as a platform for the recruitment of numerous regulatory and structural proteins that together control the dynamic changes in cell adhesion, cytoskeletal reorganization and gene expression that are necessary for cell migration and survival. Leupaxin is a cytoskeleton adaptor protein, which is preferentially expressed in hematopoietic cells. It associates with focal adhesion kinases PYK2 and pp125FAK and identified to be a component of the osteoclast pososomal signaling complex. Hic-5 controls cell proliferation, migration and senescence by functioning as coactivator for steroid receptors such as androgen receptor, glucocorticoid receptor and progesterone receptor. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1958699349 289 CHQCHKIIRGRYLVALGHAYHPEEFVCSQCGKVLEEGGFFEEKGAIFC 336
Cdd:cd09338     1 CGGCNKPILENYISALNTQWHPECFVCRECHKPFINGSFFEHEGLPYC 48

PDZ domains of the Na+/H+ exchange regulatory cofactor (NHERF) family (NHERF1-4), and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of the Na+/H+ exchange regulatory cofactor (NHERF) family of multi-PDZ-domain-containing scaffolding proteins (NHERF1-4), and related domains. The NHERF family includes NHERF1 (also known as EBP50), NHERF2 (also known as E3KARP; TKA-1; SIP-1), NHERF3 (also known as CAP70; CLAMP; Napi-Cap-1; PDZD1) and NHERF4 (also known as IKEPP; PDZK2; Napi-Cap-2). NHERF1 and NHERF2 have tandem PDZ domains (PDZ1-2); NHERF3 and NHERF4 have four PDZ domains (PDZ1-4). NHERFs are involved in the regulation of multiple receptors or transporters, such as type II sodium-phosphate cotransporter (Npt2a), purinergic P2Y1 receptor P2Y1R, the beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2-AR), parathyroid hormone receptor type 1 (PTHR), the lysophosphatidic acid receptors (LPARs), sodium-hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3), and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). NHERF-PDZ1 domain interaction partners include Npt2a, purinergic P2Y1 receptor, beta2-AR, CFTR, PTHR, NH3, G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6A), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), B1 subunit of the H+ATPase, cholesterol, receptor for activated C-kinase RACK1, aquaporin 9, among others. The NHERF PDZ2 domain interacts with fewer proteins: NHERF1 PDZ2 binds Npt2a, PTHR, beta-catenin, aquaporin 9, and RACK1; NHERF2 PDZ2 binds LPA2, P2Y1R, and NHE3, cGMP-dependent protein kinase type II (cGKII). NHERF4 PDZ1 and PDZ4 bind the epithelial Ca(2+) channels TRPV5 and TRPV6. NHERF2/NHERF3 heterodimerization is mediated by PDZ domains of NHERF2 and the C-terminal PDZ domain recognition motif of NHERF3. NHERF4 regulates several transporters mediating influx of xenobiotics and nutrients in the small intestine. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This NHERF-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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gi 1958699349  15 GFRLQGGKD----FnvplsISRLTPGGKAAQAGVAVGDWVLSIDGENAGSLTHIEAQNKIRACGERLSL 79
Cdd:cd06768    13 GFNLHAEKGrpghF-----IREVDPGSPAERAGLKDGDRLVEVNGENVEGESHEQVVEKIKASGNQVTL 76

The second LIM domain of LIMK (LIM domain Kinase ); The second LIM domain of LIMK (LIM domain Kinase ): LIMK protein family is comprised of two members LIMK1 and LIMK2. LIMK contains two LIM domains, a PDZ domain and a kinase domain. LIMK is involved in the regulation of actin polymerization and microtubule disassembly. LIMK influences architecture of the actin cytoskeleton by regulating the activity of the cofilin family proteins cofilin1, cofilin2, and destrin. The mechanism of the activation is to phosphorylates cofilin on serine 3 and inactivates its actin-severing activity, and altering the rate of actin depolymerization. LIMKs can function in both cytoplasm and nucleus and are expressed in all tissues. Both LIMK1 and LIMK2 can act in the nucleus to suppress Rac/Cdc42-dependent cyclin D1 expression. However, LIMK1 and LIMk2 have different cellular locations. While LIMK1 localizes mainly at focal adhesions, LIMK2 is found in cytoplasmic punctae, suggesting that they may have different cellular functions. The LIM domains of LIMK have been shown to play an important role in regulating kinase activity and likely also contribute to LIMK function by acting as sites of protein-to-protein interactions. All LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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gi 1958699349 289 CHQCHKIIRGRYLVALGHAYHPEEFVCSQCGKVLEEGGFFE--EKGAIFCPSCY 340
Cdd:cd09365     1 CHGCSQIITGPVMVAGDHKFHPECFSCSSCKAFIGDGDSYAlvERSKLYCGVCY 54

PDZ domain of tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 3 (PTPN3), tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 4 (PTNP4), and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of PTPN3, PTPN4 and related domains. PTPN3 (also known as protein-tyrosine phosphatase H1, PTP-H1) has a tumor-suppressive or a tumor-promoting role in many cancers. It serves as a specific phosphatase for the MAP kinase p38gamma; the two interact via their PDZ domains and cooperate to promote Ras-induced oncogenesis. Interaction partners of the PTPN3 PDZ domain include p38gamma and human papillomavirus E6 oncoprotein. PTPN4 (also known as protein-tyrosine phosphatase MEG1) plays a role in immunity, learning, synaptic plasticity or cell homeostasis. p38gamma is also an interaction partner of the PTPN4 PDZ domain: PTPN4 regulates neuronal cell homeostasis by protecting neurons against apoptosis; binding of the C terminus of p38gamma to the PDZ domain of PTPN4, antagonizes the catalytic autoinhibition of PTPN4, leading to cell apoptosis. Other interaction partners of the PTPN4 PDZ domain include glutamate receptor subunit GluN2A, and RABV strain G protein, among others. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This PTPN3-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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gi 1958699349  15 GFRLQGGKDFNVPLSISRLTPGGKAAQAGVAV--GDWVLSIDGENAGSLTHIEAQNKIRACGERLS 78
Cdd:cd06706    17 GFNVKGGVDQKMPVIVSRVAPGTPADLCIPRLneGDQVLLINGRDISEHTHDQVVMFIKASRERHS 82

The first LIM domain of paxillin; The first LIM domain of paxillin: Paxillin is an adaptor protein, which recruits key components of the signal-transduction machinery to specific sub-cellular locations to respond to environmental changes rapidly. The C-terminal region of paxillin contains four LIM domains which target paxillin to focal adhesions, presumably through a direct association with the cytoplasmic tail of beta-integrin. The N-terminal of paxillin is leucine-rich LD-motifs. Paxillin is found at the interface between the plasma membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. The binding partners of paxillin are diverse and include protein tyrosine kinases, such as Src and FAK, structural proteins, such as vinculin and actopaxin, and regulators of actin organization. Paxillin recruits these proteins to their function sites to control the dynamic changes in cell adhesion, cytoskeletal reorganization and gene expression. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight cons erved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1958699349 288 VCHQCHKIIRGRYLVALGHAYHPEEFVCSQCGKVLEEGGFFEEKGAIFCPSCY 340
Cdd:cd09405     1 VCGACKKPIAGQVVTAMGKTWHPEHFVCTHCQEEIGSRNFFERDGQPYCEKDY 53

PDZ domain 2 of Discs Large 5 (Dlg5) and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain 2 of Drosophila and mammalian Dlg5, and related domains. Dlg5 is a scaffold protein with multiple conserved functions that are independent of each other in regulating growth, cell polarity, and cell adhesion. It has a coiled-coil domain, 4 PDZ domains and a MAGUK domain (an SH3 domain next to a non-catalytically active guanylate kinase domain). Deregulation of Dlg5 has been implicated in the malignancy of several cancer types. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This Dlg5-like family PSZ2 domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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gi 1958699349  18 LQGGKDFNVPLS----ISRLTPGGKAAQAG-VAVGDWVLSIDGENAGSLTHIEAQNKIRACGERLSLGLSRAQP 86
Cdd:cd06765     4 LSGQKDSGISLEngvfISRIVPGSPAAKEGsLTVGDRIIAINGIALDNKSLSECEALLRSCRDSLSLSLMKVFP 77

The second LIM domain of LIMK2 (LIM domain Kinase 2); The second LIM domain of LIMK2 (LIM domain Kinase 2): LIMK2 is a member of the LIMK protein family, which comprises LIMK1 and LIMK2. LIMK contains two LIM domains, a PDZ domain, and a kinase domain. LIMK is involved in the regulation of actin polymerization and microtubule disassembly. LIMK influences architecture of the actin cytoskeleton by regulating the activity of the cofilin family proteins cofilin1, cofilin2, and destrin. The mechanism of the activation is to phosphorylates cofilin on serine 3 and inactivates its actin-severing activity, altering the rate of actin depolymerisation. LIMK activity is activated by phosphorylation of a threonine residue within the activation loop of the kinase by p21-activated kinases 1 and 4 and by Rho kinase. LIMKs can function in both cytoplasm and nucleus. Both LIMK1 and LIMK2 can act in the nucleus to suppress Rac/Cdc42-dependent cyclin D1 expression. LIMK2 is expressed in all tissues. While LIMK1 localizes mainly at focal adhesions, LIMK2 is found in cytoplasmic punctae, suggesting that they may have different cellular functions. The activity of LIM kinase 2 to regulate cofilin phosphorylation is inhibited by the direct binding of Par-3. LIMK2 activation promotes cell cycle progression. The phenotype of Limk2 knockout mice shows a defect in spermatogenesis. The LIM domains have been shown to play an important role in regulating kinase activity and likely also contribute to LIMK function by acting as sites of protein-to-protein interactions. All LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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gi 1958699349 289 CHQCHKIIRGRYLVALGHAYHPEEFVCSQCGKVLEEGGFFE--EKGAIFCPSCY 340
Cdd:cd09465     6 CHGCSLLMTGPAMVAGEYKYHPECFACMSCKVIIEDGDTYAlvQHTTLYCGKCH 59

PDZ domain of protein Lin-7 and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of Lin-7 (also known as LIN-7 or LIN7), and related domains. Lin-7 targets and organize protein complexes to epithelial and synaptic plasma membranes. There are three mammalian Lin-7 homologs: Lin-7A (protein lin-7 homolog A, also known as mammalian lin-seven protein 1 (MALS-1), vertebrate lin-7 homolog 1 (Veli-1), tax interaction protein 33); Lin-7B (also known as MALS-2, Veli-2); and Lin-7C (also known as MALS-3, Veli-3). Lin-7 is involved in localization of the Let-23 growth factor receptor to the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells, in tight junction localization of insulin receptor substrate p53 (IRSp53), in retaining gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) transporter (BGT-1) at the basolateral surface of epithelial cells, and in regulating recruitment of neurotransmitter receptors to the postsynaptic density (PSD). The Lin7 PDZ domain binds Let-23, BGT and beta-catenin, and NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor NR2B. Lin-7 also binds to the PDZ binding motif located in the C-terminal tail of Rhotekin, an effector protein for small GTPase Rho. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This Lin-7-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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gi 1958699349  15 GFRLQGGKDFNVPLSISRLTPGGKA-AQAGVAVGDWVLSIDGENAGSLTHIEAQNKIRA 72
Cdd:cd06796    15 GFNVMGGKEQNSPIYISRIIPGGVAdRHGGLKRGDQLLSVNGVSVEGEHHEKAVELLKA 73

The second LIM domain of protein PINCH; The second LIM domain of protein PINCH: PINCH plays a pivotal role in the assembly of focal adhesions (FAs), regulating diverse functions in cell adhesion, growth, and differentiation through LIM-mediated protein-protein interactions. PINCH comprises an array of five LIM domains that interact with integrin-linked kinase (ILK), Nck2 (also called Nckbeta or Grb4) and other interaction partners. These interactions are essential for triggering the FA assembly and for relaying diverse mechanical and biochemical signals between Cell-extracellular matrix and the actin cytoskeleton. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1958699349 289 CHQCHKIIRGRYLVALGHAYHPEEFVCSQCGKVLEEGGFFEEKGAIFCPSC 339
Cdd:cd09332     1 CGKCGEFVIGRVIKAMNNNWHPDCFRCEICNKELADIGFVKNAGRALCHPC 51

The first LIM domain of actin binding LIM (abLIM) proteins; The first LIM domain of actin binding LIM (abLIM) proteins: Three homologous members of the abLIM protein family have been identified; abLIM-1, abLIM-2 and abLIM-3. The N-terminal of abLIM consists of four tandem repeats of LIM domains and the C-terminal of acting binding LIM protein is a villin headpiece domain, which has strong actin binding activity. The abLIM-1, which is expressed in retina, brain, and muscle tissue, has been indicated to function as a tumor suppressor. AbLIM-2 and -3, mainly expressed in muscle and neuronal tissue, bind to F-actin strongly. They may serve as a scaffold for signaling modules of the actin cytoskeleton and thereby modulate transcription. It has shown that LIM domains of abLIMs interact with STARS (striated muscle activator of Rho signaling), which directly binds actin and stimulates serum-response factor (SRF)-dependent transcription. All LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic highly conserved zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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gi 1958699349 289 CHQCHKIIRGRYLVALGHAYHPEEFVCSQCGKVLEEGGFFEEKGAIFCPSCY 340
Cdd:cd09327     1 CYKCGKKCKGEVLRVQDKYFHIKCFTCKVCGCDLAQGGFFVKEGEYYCTDDY 52

The first LIM domain of Lrg1p, a LIM and RhoGap domain containing protein; The first LIM domain of Lrg1p, a LIM and RhoGap domain containing protein: The members of this family contain three tandem repeats of LIM domains and a Rho-type GTPase activating protein (RhoGap) domain. Lrg1p is a Rho1 GTPase-activating protein required for efficient cell fusion in yeast. Lrg1p-GAP domain strongly and specifically stimulates the GTPase activity of Rho1p, a regulator of beta (1-3)-glucan synthase in vitro. The LIM domain is 50-60 amino acids in size and shares two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein.

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gi 1958699349 289 CHQCHKIIRGRYLVALGHAYHPEEFVCSQCGKVL 322
Cdd:cd09391     1 CAKCGKPITGQFVRALGDVYHLDCFTCHDCGKPV 34

PDZ domain; This entry represents the PDZ domain from a wide variety of proteins.

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gi 1958699349  30 ISRLTPGGKAAQAGVAVGDWVLSIDGENAGSLTHIeaQNKIRAC-GERLSLGLSR 83
Cdd:pfam17820   2 VTAVVPGSPAERAGLRVGDVILAVNGKPVRSLEDV--ARLLQGSaGESVTLTVRR 54

The third LIM domain of Leupaxin; The third LIM domain of Leupaxin: Leupaxin is a cytoskeleton adaptor protein, which is preferentially expressed in hematopoietic cells. Leupaxin belongs to the paxillin focal adhesion protein family. Same as other members of the family, it has four leucine-rich LD-motifs in the N-terminus and four LIM domains in the C-terminus. It may function in cell type-specific signaling by associating with interaction partners PYK2, FAK, PEP and p95PKL. When expressed in human leukocytic cells, leupaxin significantly suppressed integrin-mediated cell adhesion to fibronectin and the tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin. These findings indicate that leupaxin may negatively regulate the functions of paxillin during integrin signaling. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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gi 1958699349 289 CHQCHKIIRGRYLVALGHAYHPEEFVCSQCGKVLEEGGFFEEKGAIFC 336
Cdd:cd09410     1 CSGCGRPVKENYLSAANGVWHPECFVCSDCLKPFTDGSFFELDGRPLC 48

The second LIM domain of Four and a half LIM domains protein 1 (FHL1); The second LIM domain of Four and a half LIM domains protein 1 (FHL1): FHL1 is heavily expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscles. It plays important roles in muscle growth, differentiation, and sarcomere assembly by acting as a modulator of transcription factors. Defects in FHL1 gene are responsible for a number of Muscular dystrophy-like muscle disorders. It has been detected that FHL1 binds to Myosin-binding protein C, regulating myosin filament formation and sarcomere assembly. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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gi 1958699349 289 CHQCHK-IIRGRYLVAL-GHAYHPEEFVCSQCGKVLEEGGFFEEKGAIFCPSCYDVRY 344
Cdd:cd09424     1 CKGCYKdILAGDQNVEYkGNVWHKDCFTCSNCKQPIGTKSFFPKGEDFYCVPCHEKKF 58

PDZ domain 5 of Danio rerio tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 13 (Ptpn13) and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain 5 of Danio rerio Ptpn13, and related domains. Protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) dephosphorylate phosphotyrosyl residues in proteins that are phosphorylated by protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs). Danio rerio Ptpn13 is a classical non-receptor-like PTP. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This PTPN13-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958699349   5 KVVLEGPAP--WGFRLQGGKDFNvPLSISRLTPGGKAAQAG-VAVGDWVLSIDGENAGSLTHIEAQNKIRACGERLSLGL 81
Cdd:cd23060     1 QIELEKPANggLGFSLVGGEGGS-GIFVKSISPGGVADRDGrLQVGDRLLQVNGESVIGLSHSKAVNILRKAKGTVQLTV 79

                  .
gi 1958699349  82 S 82
Cdd:cd23060    80 S 80

The third LIM domain of paxillin; The third LIM domain of paxillin: Paxillin is an adaptor protein, which recruits key components of the signal-transduction machinery to specific sub-cellular locations to respond to environmental changes rapidly. The C-terminal region of paxillin contains four LIM domains which target paxillin to focal adhesions, presumably through a direct association with the cytoplasmic tail of beta-integrin. The N-terminal of paxillin is leucine-rich LD-motifs. Paxillin is found at the interface between the plasma membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. The binding partners of paxillin are diverse and include protein tyrosine kinases, such as Src and FAK, structural proteins, such as vinculin and actopaxin, and regulators of actin organization. Paxillin recruits these proteins to their function sites to control the dynamic changes in cell adhesion, cytoskeletal reorganization and gene expression. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1958699349 289 CHQCHKIIRGRYLVALGHAYHPEEFVCSQCGKVLEEGGFFEEKGAIFCPSCY 340
Cdd:cd09409     1 CGGCARAILENYISALNTLWHPECFVCRECFTPFVNGSFFEHDGQPYCEAHY 52

The first LIM domain of protein PINCH; The first LIM domain of paxillin: Paxillin is an adaptor protein, which recruits key components of the signal-transduction machinery to specific sub-cellular locations to respond to environmental changes rapidly. The C-terminal region of paxillin contains four LIM domains which target paxillin to focal adhesions, presumably through a direct association with the cytoplasmic tail of beta-integrin. The N-terminal of paxillin is leucine-rich LD-motifs. Paxillin is found at the interface between the plasma membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. The binding partners of paxillin are diverse and include protein tyrosine kinases, such as Src and FAK, structural proteins, such as vinculin and actopaxin, and regulators of actin organization. Paxillin recruits these proteins to their function sites to control the dynamic changes in cell adhesion, cytoskeletal reorganization and gene expression. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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gi 1958699349 305 GHAYHPEEFVCSQCGKVLEEGGFFEEKGAIFCPSCYDVRYA 345
Cdd:cd09331    19 GELYHEQCFVCAQCFQPFPDGLFYEFEGRKYCEHDFQVLFA 59

The third LIM domain of Enigma-like family; The third LIM domain of Enigma-like family: The Enigma LIM domain family is comprised of three members: Enigma, ENH, and Cypher (mouse)/ZASP (human). These subfamily members contain a single PDZ domain at the N-terminus and three LIM domains at the C-terminus. Enigma was initially characterized in humans and is expressed in multiple tissues, such as skeletal muscle, heart, bone, and brain. The third LIM domain specifically interacts with the insulin receptor and the second LIM domain interacts with the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret and the adaptor protein APS. Thus Enigma is implicated in signal transduction processes, such as mitogenic activity, insulin related actin organization, and glucose metabolism. The second member, ENH protein, was first identified in rat brain. It has been shown that ENH interacts with protein kinase D1 (PKD1) via its LIM domains and forms a complex with PKD1 and the alpha1C subunit of cardiac L-type voltage-gated calcium channel in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. The N-terminal PDZ domain interacts with alpha-actinin at the Z-line. ZASP/Cypher is required for maintenance of Z-line structure during muscle contraction, but not required for Z-line assembly. In heart, Cypher/ZASP plays a structural role through its interaction with cytoskeletal Z-line proteins. In addition, there is increasing evidence that Cypher/ZASP also performs signaling functions. Studies reveal that Cypher/ZASP interacts with and directs PKC to the Z-line, where PKC phosphorylates downstream signaling targets. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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gi 1958699349 289 CHQCHKIIRG--RYLVALGHAYHPEEFVCSQCGKVLEEGGFFEEKGAIFC 336
Cdd:cd09363     1 CHGCDFPIEAgdRFLEALGHTWHDTCFVCAVCHVNLEGQTFYSKKDKPLC 50

The second LIM domain on actin binding LIM (abLIM) proteins; The second LIM domain of actin binding LIM (abLIM) proteins: Three homologous members of the abLIM protein family have been identified; abLIM-1, abLIM-2 and abLIM-3. The N-terminal of abLIM consists of four tandem repeats of LIM domains and the C-terminal of acting binding LIM protein is a villin headpiece domain, which has strong actin binding activity. The abLIM-1, which is expressed in retina, brain, and muscle tissue, has been indicated to function as a tumor suppressor. AbLIM-2 and -3, mainly expressed in muscle and neuronal tissue, bind to F-actin strongly. They may serve as a scaffold for signaling modules of the actin cytoskeleton and thereby modulate transcription. It has shown that LIM domains of abLIMs interact with STARS (striated muscle activator of Rho signaling), which directly binds actin and stimulates serum-response factor (SRF)-dependent transcription. All LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic highly conserved zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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gi 1958699349 289 CHQCHKIIRGRYLVALGHAYHPEEFVCSQCGK 320
Cdd:cd09328     4 CDSCQDFVEGEVVSALGKTYHPKCFVCSVCRQ 35

The first LIM domain of Zyxin; The first LIM domain of Zyxin: Zyxin exhibits three copies of the LIM domain, an extensive proline-rich domain and a nuclear export signal. Localized at sites of cell substratum adhesion in fibroblasts, Zyxin interacts with alpha-actinin, members of the cysteine-rich protein (CRP) family, proteins that display Src homology 3 (SH3) domains and Ena/VASP family members. Zyxin and its partners have been implicated in the spatial control of actin filament assembly as well as in pathways important for cell differentiation. In addition to its functions at focal adhesion plaques, recent work has shown that zyxin moves from the sites of cell contacts to the nucleus, where it directly participates in the regulation of gene expression. As in other LIM domains, this domain family is 50-60 amino acids in size and shares two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein.

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gi 1958699349 289 CHQCHK-IIRGRYLV-ALGHAYHPEEFVCSQCGKVLEEGGFFEEKGAIFCPSCY 340
Cdd:cd09349    34 CGICGQpLSRTQPAVrALGHLFHVTCFTCHQCEQQLQGQQFYSLEGKPYCEECY 87

The second LIM domain of LIMK1 (LIM domain Kinase 1); The second LIM domain of LIMK1 (LIM domain Kinase 1): LIMK1 belongs to the LIMK protein family, which comprises LIMK1 and LIMK2. LIMK contains two LIM domains, a PDZ domain, and a kinase domain. LIMK is involved in the regulation of actin polymerization and microtubule disassembly. LIMK influences architecture of the actin cytoskeleton by regulating the activity of the cofilin family proteins cofilin1, cofilin2, and destrin. The mechanism of the activation is to phosphorylates cofilin on serine 3 and inactivates its actin-severing activity, and altering the rate of actin depolymerization. LIMKs can function in both cytoplasm and nucleus. Both LIMK1 and LIMK2 can act in the nucleus to suppress Rac/Cdc42-dependent cyclin D1 expression. LIMK1 is expressed in all tissues and is localized to focal adhesions in the cell. LIMK1 can form homodimers upon binding of HSP90 and is activated by Rho effector Rho kinase and MAPKAPK2. LIMK1 is important for normal central nervous system development, and its deletion has been implicated in the development of the human genetic disorder Williams syndrome. Moreover, LIMK1 up-regulates the promoter activity of urokinase type plasminogen activator and induces its mRNA and protein expression in breast cancer cells. The LIM domains have been shown to play an important role in regulating kinase activity and likely also contribute to LIMK function by acting as sites of protein-to-protein interactions. All LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

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gi 1958699349 289 CHQCHK-IIRGRYLVALGHAYHPEEFVCSQCGKVLEEGGFFE--EKGAIFCPSCY 340
Cdd:cd09464     1 CHGCSEtITTGLVMVAGEQKYHPECFSCLRCGAFIGDGDTYAlvEHSKLYCGHCY 55