Succinate:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) and Quinol:fumarate reductase (QFR) family, transmembrane subunits; SQR catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate coupled to the reduction of quinone to quinol, while QFR catalyzes the reverse reaction. SQR, also called succinate dehydrogenase or Complex II, is part of the citric acid cycle and the aerobic respiratory chain, while QFR is involved in anaerobic respiration with fumarate as the terminal electron acceptor. SQRs may reduce either high or low potential quinones while QFRs oxidize only low potential quinols. SQR and QFR share a common subunit arrangement, composed of a flavoprotein catalytic subunit, an iron-sulfur protein and one or two hydrophobic transmembrane subunits. The structural arrangement allows efficient electron transfer between the catalytic subunit, through iron-sulfur centers, and the transmembrane subunit(s) containing the electron donor/acceptor (quinol or quinone). The reversible reduction of quinone is an essential feature of respiration, allowing the transfer of electrons between respiratory complexes. SQRs and QFRs can be classified into five types (A-E) according to the number of their hydrophobic subunits and heme groups. This classification is consistent with the characteristics and phylogeny of the catalytic and iron-sulfur subunits. Type E proteins, e.g. non-classical archael SQRs, contain atypical transmembrane subunits and are not included in this hierarchy. The heme and quinone binding sites reside in the transmembrane subunits. Although succinate oxidation and fumarate reduction are carried out by separate enzymes in most organisms, some bifunctional enzymes that exhibit both SQR and QFR activities exist.

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                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 966921248  50 RPVSPHITIYSWSLPMAMSICHRGTGIALS 79
Cdd:cd03499    1 RPLSPHLTIYRPPLTAILSILHRITGVALF 30

Succinate:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) Type C subfamily, Succinate dehydrogenase C (SdhC) subunit; composed of bacterial SdhC and eukaryotic large cytochrome b binding (CybL) proteins. SQR catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate coupled to the reduction of quinone to quinol. Members of this family reduce high potential quinones such as ubiquinone. SQR is also called succinate dehydrogenase or Complex II, and is part of the citric acid cycle and the aerobic respiratory chain. SQR is composed of a flavoprotein catalytic subunit, an iron-sulfur protein and one or two hydrophobic transmembrane subunits. Proteins in this subfamily are classified as Type C SQRs because they contain two transmembrane subunits and one heme group. The heme and quinone binding sites reside in the transmembrane subunits. The SdhC or CybL protein is one of the two transmembrane subunits of bacterial and eukaryotic SQRs. The two-electron oxidation of succinate in the flavoprotein active site is coupled to the two-electron reduction of quinone in the membrane anchor subunits via electron transport through FAD and three iron-sulfur centers. The reversible reduction of quinone is an essential feature of respiration, allowing transfer of electrons between respiratory complexes.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 966921248  50 RPVSPHITIYSWSLPMAMSICHRGTGIALS 79
Cdd:cd03499    1 RPLSPHLTIYRPPLTAILSILHRITGVALF 30

Succinate dehydrogenase/Fumarate reductase transmembrane subunit; This family includes a transmembrane protein from both the Succinate dehydrogenase and Fumarate reductase complexes.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 966921248   47 SSNRPVSPHITIYSWSLPMAMSICHRGTGIAL 78
Cdd:pfam01127   2 RKNRPLSPHLGLYRAHLTTWLSILHRITGVAL 33

Succinate:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) Type C subfamily, Succinate dehydrogenase C (SdhC) subunit; composed of bacterial SdhC and eukaryotic large cytochrome b binding (CybL) proteins. SQR catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate coupled to the reduction of quinone to quinol. Members of this family reduce high potential quinones such as ubiquinone. SQR is also called succinate dehydrogenase or Complex II, and is part of the citric acid cycle and the aerobic respiratory chain. SQR is composed of a flavoprotein catalytic subunit, an iron-sulfur protein and one or two hydrophobic transmembrane subunits. Proteins in this subfamily are classified as Type C SQRs because they contain two transmembrane subunits and one heme group. The heme and quinone binding sites reside in the transmembrane subunits. The SdhC or CybL protein is one of the two transmembrane subunits of bacterial and eukaryotic SQRs. The two-electron oxidation of succinate in the flavoprotein active site is coupled to the two-electron reduction of quinone in the membrane anchor subunits via electron transport through FAD and three iron-sulfur centers. The reversible reduction of quinone is an essential feature of respiration, allowing transfer of electrons between respiratory complexes.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 966921248  50 RPVSPHITIYSWSLPMAMSICHRGTGIALS 79
Cdd:cd03499    1 RPLSPHLTIYRPPLTAILSILHRITGVALF 30

Succinate dehydrogenase/Fumarate reductase transmembrane subunit; This family includes a transmembrane protein from both the Succinate dehydrogenase and Fumarate reductase complexes.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 966921248   47 SSNRPVSPHITIYSWSLPMAMSICHRGTGIAL 78
Cdd:pfam01127   2 RKNRPLSPHLGLYRAHLTTWLSILHRITGVAL 33