dual oxidase 1 isoform X3 [Homo sapiens]
Protein Classification
List of domain hits
| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | ||||||
| An_peroxidase_like super family | cl14561 | Animal heme peroxidases and related proteins; A diverse family of enzymes, which includes ... |
52-237 | 3.06e-79 | ||||||
Animal heme peroxidases and related proteins; A diverse family of enzymes, which includes prostaglandin G/H synthase, thyroid peroxidase, myeloperoxidase, linoleate diol synthase, lactoperoxidase, peroxinectin, peroxidasin, and others. Despite its name, this family is not restricted to metazoans: members are found in fungi, plants, and bacteria as well. The actual alignment was detected with superfamily member cd09820: Pssm-ID: 353811 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 558 Bit Score: 271.48 E-value: 3.06e-79
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| NOX_Duox_like_FAD_NADP | cd06186 | NADPH oxidase (NOX) catalyzes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as ... |
923-1197 | 5.64e-55 | ||||||
NADPH oxidase (NOX) catalyzes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. ROS were originally identified as bactericidal agents in phagocytes, but are now also implicated in cell signaling and metabolism. NOX has a 6-alpha helix heme-binding transmembrane domain fused to a flavoprotein with the nucleotide binding domain located in the cytoplasm. Duox enzymes link a peroxidase domain to the NOX domain via a single transmembrane and EF-hand Ca2+ binding sites. The flavoprotein module has a ferredoxin like FAD/NADPH binding domain. In classical phagocytic NOX2, electron transfer occurs from NADPH to FAD to the heme of cytb to oxygen leading to superoxide formation. : Pssm-ID: 99783 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 210 Bit Score: 190.21 E-value: 5.64e-55
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| PLN02292 super family | cl33451 | ferric-chelate reductase |
735-1058 | 3.22e-20 | ||||||
ferric-chelate reductase The actual alignment was detected with superfamily member PLN02292: Pssm-ID: 215165 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 702 Bit Score: 96.86 E-value: 3.22e-20
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| EFh | cd00051 | EF-hand, calcium binding motif; A diverse superfamily of calcium sensors and calcium signal ... |
466-527 | 1.40e-15 | ||||||
EF-hand, calcium binding motif; A diverse superfamily of calcium sensors and calcium signal modulators; most examples in this alignment model have 2 active canonical EF hands. Ca2+ binding induces a conformational change in the EF-hand motif, leading to the activation or inactivation of target proteins. EF-hands tend to occur in pairs or higher copy numbers. : Pssm-ID: 238008 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 63 Bit Score: 72.20 E-value: 1.40e-15
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| EFh | cd00051 | EF-hand, calcium binding motif; A diverse superfamily of calcium sensors and calcium signal ... |
503-561 | 6.99e-08 | ||||||
EF-hand, calcium binding motif; A diverse superfamily of calcium sensors and calcium signal modulators; most examples in this alignment model have 2 active canonical EF hands. Ca2+ binding induces a conformational change in the EF-hand motif, leading to the activation or inactivation of target proteins. EF-hands tend to occur in pairs or higher copy numbers. : Pssm-ID: 238008 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 63 Bit Score: 50.24 E-value: 6.99e-08
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| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | |||||||
| dual_peroxidase_like | cd09820 | Dual oxidase and related animal heme peroxidases; Animal heme peroxidases of the dual-oxidase ... |
52-237 | 3.06e-79 | |||||||
Dual oxidase and related animal heme peroxidases; Animal heme peroxidases of the dual-oxidase like subfamily play vital roles in the innate mucosal immunity of gut epithelia. They provide reactive oxygen species which help control infection. Pssm-ID: 188652 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 558 Bit Score: 271.48 E-value: 3.06e-79
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| NOX_Duox_like_FAD_NADP | cd06186 | NADPH oxidase (NOX) catalyzes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as ... |
923-1197 | 5.64e-55 | |||||||
NADPH oxidase (NOX) catalyzes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. ROS were originally identified as bactericidal agents in phagocytes, but are now also implicated in cell signaling and metabolism. NOX has a 6-alpha helix heme-binding transmembrane domain fused to a flavoprotein with the nucleotide binding domain located in the cytoplasm. Duox enzymes link a peroxidase domain to the NOX domain via a single transmembrane and EF-hand Ca2+ binding sites. The flavoprotein module has a ferredoxin like FAD/NADPH binding domain. In classical phagocytic NOX2, electron transfer occurs from NADPH to FAD to the heme of cytb to oxygen leading to superoxide formation. Pssm-ID: 99783 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 210 Bit Score: 190.21 E-value: 5.64e-55
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| An_peroxidase | pfam03098 | Animal haem peroxidase; |
52-203 | 3.37e-36 | |||||||
Animal haem peroxidase; Pssm-ID: 460804 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 531 Bit Score: 145.01 E-value: 3.37e-36
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| NAD_binding_6 | pfam08030 | Ferric reductase NAD binding domain; |
1026-1179 | 5.84e-29 | |||||||
Ferric reductase NAD binding domain; Pssm-ID: 429792 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 149 Bit Score: 113.59 E-value: 5.84e-29
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| COG4097 | COG4097 | Predicted ferric reductase [Inorganic ion transport and metabolism]; |
770-1197 | 4.54e-21 | |||||||
Predicted ferric reductase [Inorganic ion transport and metabolism]; Pssm-ID: 443273 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 442 Bit Score: 97.66 E-value: 4.54e-21
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| PLN02292 | PLN02292 | ferric-chelate reductase |
735-1058 | 3.22e-20 | |||||||
ferric-chelate reductase Pssm-ID: 215165 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 702 Bit Score: 96.86 E-value: 3.22e-20
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| PLN02631 | PLN02631 | ferric-chelate reductase |
829-1052 | 3.11e-19 | |||||||
ferric-chelate reductase Pssm-ID: 178238 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 699 Bit Score: 93.57 E-value: 3.11e-19
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| EFh | cd00051 | EF-hand, calcium binding motif; A diverse superfamily of calcium sensors and calcium signal ... |
466-527 | 1.40e-15 | |||||||
EF-hand, calcium binding motif; A diverse superfamily of calcium sensors and calcium signal modulators; most examples in this alignment model have 2 active canonical EF hands. Ca2+ binding induces a conformational change in the EF-hand motif, leading to the activation or inactivation of target proteins. EF-hands tend to occur in pairs or higher copy numbers. Pssm-ID: 238008 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 63 Bit Score: 72.20 E-value: 1.40e-15
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| PTZ00184 | PTZ00184 | calmodulin; Provisional |
456-570 | 4.57e-12 | |||||||
calmodulin; Provisional Pssm-ID: 185504 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 149 Bit Score: 65.17 E-value: 4.57e-12
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| Ferric_reduct | pfam01794 | Ferric reductase like transmembrane component; This family includes a common region in the ... |
733-872 | 5.56e-12 | |||||||
Ferric reductase like transmembrane component; This family includes a common region in the transmembrane proteins mammalian cytochrome B-245 heavy chain (gp91-phox), ferric reductase transmembrane component in yeast and respiratory burst oxidase from mouse-ear cress. This may be a family of flavocytochromes capable of moving electrons across the plasma membrane. The Frp1 protein from S. pombe is a ferric reductase component and is required for cell surface ferric reductase activity, mutants in frp1 are deficient in ferric iron uptake. Cytochrome B-245 heavy chain is a FAD-dependent dehydrogenase it is also has electron transferase activity which reduces molecular oxygen to superoxide anion, a precursor in the production of microbicidal oxidants. Mutations in the sequence of cytochrome B-245 heavy chain (gp91-phox) lead to the X-linked chronic granulomatous disease. The bacteriocidal ability of phagocytic cells is reduced and is characterized by the absence of a functional plasma membrane associated NADPH oxidase. The chronic granulomatous disease gene codes for the beta chain of cytochrome B-245 and cytochrome B-245 is missing from patients with the disease. Pssm-ID: 426438 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 121 Bit Score: 63.83 E-value: 5.56e-12
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| FRQ1 | COG5126 | Ca2+-binding protein, EF-hand superfamily [Signal transduction mechanisms]; |
448-568 | 1.14e-11 | |||||||
Ca2+-binding protein, EF-hand superfamily [Signal transduction mechanisms]; Pssm-ID: 444056 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 137 Bit Score: 63.66 E-value: 1.14e-11
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| EF-hand_7 | pfam13499 | EF-hand domain pair; |
469-527 | 1.48e-10 | |||||||
EF-hand domain pair; Pssm-ID: 463900 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 67 Bit Score: 58.03 E-value: 1.48e-10
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| EFh | cd00051 | EF-hand, calcium binding motif; A diverse superfamily of calcium sensors and calcium signal ... |
503-561 | 6.99e-08 | |||||||
EF-hand, calcium binding motif; A diverse superfamily of calcium sensors and calcium signal modulators; most examples in this alignment model have 2 active canonical EF hands. Ca2+ binding induces a conformational change in the EF-hand motif, leading to the activation or inactivation of target proteins. EF-hands tend to occur in pairs or higher copy numbers. Pssm-ID: 238008 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 63 Bit Score: 50.24 E-value: 6.99e-08
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| EF-hand_7 | pfam13499 | EF-hand domain pair; |
499-571 | 6.55e-07 | |||||||
EF-hand domain pair; Pssm-ID: 463900 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 67 Bit Score: 47.63 E-value: 6.55e-07
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| EFh | smart00054 | EF-hand, calcium binding motif; EF-hands are calcium-binding motifs that occur at least in ... |
505-529 | 3.78e-06 | |||||||
EF-hand, calcium binding motif; EF-hands are calcium-binding motifs that occur at least in pairs. Links between disease states and genes encoding EF-hands, particularly the S100 subclass, are emerging. Each motif consists of a 12 residue loop flanked on either side by a 12 residue alpha-helix. EF-hands undergo a conformational change unpon binding calcium ions. Pssm-ID: 197492 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 29 Bit Score: 44.29 E-value: 3.78e-06
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| FRQ1 | COG5126 | Ca2+-binding protein, EF-hand superfamily [Signal transduction mechanisms]; |
498-596 | 5.41e-03 | |||||||
Ca2+-binding protein, EF-hand superfamily [Signal transduction mechanisms]; Pssm-ID: 444056 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 137 Bit Score: 38.62 E-value: 5.41e-03
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| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | |||||||
| dual_peroxidase_like | cd09820 | Dual oxidase and related animal heme peroxidases; Animal heme peroxidases of the dual-oxidase ... |
52-237 | 3.06e-79 | |||||||
Dual oxidase and related animal heme peroxidases; Animal heme peroxidases of the dual-oxidase like subfamily play vital roles in the innate mucosal immunity of gut epithelia. They provide reactive oxygen species which help control infection. Pssm-ID: 188652 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 558 Bit Score: 271.48 E-value: 3.06e-79
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| NOX_Duox_like_FAD_NADP | cd06186 | NADPH oxidase (NOX) catalyzes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as ... |
923-1197 | 5.64e-55 | |||||||
NADPH oxidase (NOX) catalyzes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. ROS were originally identified as bactericidal agents in phagocytes, but are now also implicated in cell signaling and metabolism. NOX has a 6-alpha helix heme-binding transmembrane domain fused to a flavoprotein with the nucleotide binding domain located in the cytoplasm. Duox enzymes link a peroxidase domain to the NOX domain via a single transmembrane and EF-hand Ca2+ binding sites. The flavoprotein module has a ferredoxin like FAD/NADPH binding domain. In classical phagocytic NOX2, electron transfer occurs from NADPH to FAD to the heme of cytb to oxygen leading to superoxide formation. Pssm-ID: 99783 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 210 Bit Score: 190.21 E-value: 5.64e-55
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| An_peroxidase | pfam03098 | Animal haem peroxidase; |
52-203 | 3.37e-36 | |||||||
Animal haem peroxidase; Pssm-ID: 460804 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 531 Bit Score: 145.01 E-value: 3.37e-36
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| NAD_binding_6 | pfam08030 | Ferric reductase NAD binding domain; |
1026-1179 | 5.84e-29 | |||||||
Ferric reductase NAD binding domain; Pssm-ID: 429792 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 149 Bit Score: 113.59 E-value: 5.84e-29
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| peroxinectin_like_bacterial | cd09822 | Uncharacterized family of heme peroxidases, mostly bacterial; Animal heme peroxidases are ... |
66-204 | 4.29e-25 | |||||||
Uncharacterized family of heme peroxidases, mostly bacterial; Animal heme peroxidases are diverse family of enzymes which are not restricted to animals. Members are also found in metazoans, fungi, and plants, and also in bacteria - like most members of this family of uncharacterized proteins. Pssm-ID: 188654 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 420 Bit Score: 109.71 E-value: 4.29e-25
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| FNR_like | cd00322 | Ferredoxin reductase (FNR), an FAD and NAD(P) binding protein, was intially identified as a ... |
923-1190 | 1.08e-21 | |||||||
Ferredoxin reductase (FNR), an FAD and NAD(P) binding protein, was intially identified as a chloroplast reductase activity, catalyzing the electron transfer from reduced iron-sulfur protein ferredoxin to NADP+ as the final step in the electron transport mechanism of photosystem I. FNR transfers electrons from reduced ferredoxin to FAD (forming FADH2 via a semiquinone intermediate) and then transfers a hydride ion to convert NADP+ to NADPH. FNR has since been shown to utilize a variety of electron acceptors and donors and has a variety of physiological functions including nitrogen assimilation, dinitrogen fixation, steroid hydroxylation, fatty acid metabolism, oxygenase activity, and methane assimilation in many organisms. FNR has an NAD(P)-binding sub-domain of the alpha/beta class and a discrete (usually N-terminal) flavin sub-domain which vary in orientation with respect to the NAD(P) binding domain. The N-terminal moeity may contain a flavin prosthetic group (as in flavoenzymes) or use flavin as a substrate. Because flavins such as FAD can exist in oxidized, semiquinone (one- electron reduced), or fully reduced hydroquinone forms, FNR can interact with one and 2 electron carriers. FNR has a strong preference for NADP(H) vs NAD(H). Pssm-ID: 99778 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 223 Bit Score: 94.82 E-value: 1.08e-21
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| FNR_like_3 | cd06198 | NAD(P) binding domain of ferredoxin reductase-like proteins catalyze electron transfer ... |
932-1197 | 4.45e-21 | |||||||
NAD(P) binding domain of ferredoxin reductase-like proteins catalyze electron transfer between an NAD(P)-binding sub-domain of the alpha/beta class and a discrete (usually N-terminal) domain, which varies in orientation with respect to the NAD(P) binding domain. The N-terminal domain may contain a flavin prosthetic group (as in flavoenzymes) or use flavin as a substrate. Ferredoxin is reduced in the final stage of photosystem I. The flavoprotein Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase transfers electrons from reduced ferredoxin to FAD (forming FADH2 via a semiquinone intermediate) which then transfers a hydride ion to convert NADP+ to NADPH. Pssm-ID: 99795 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 216 Bit Score: 93.09 E-value: 4.45e-21
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| COG4097 | COG4097 | Predicted ferric reductase [Inorganic ion transport and metabolism]; |
770-1197 | 4.54e-21 | |||||||
Predicted ferric reductase [Inorganic ion transport and metabolism]; Pssm-ID: 443273 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 442 Bit Score: 97.66 E-value: 4.54e-21
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| PLN02292 | PLN02292 | ferric-chelate reductase |
735-1058 | 3.22e-20 | |||||||
ferric-chelate reductase Pssm-ID: 215165 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 702 Bit Score: 96.86 E-value: 3.22e-20
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| peroxidasin_like | cd09826 | Animal heme peroxidase domain of peroxidasin and related proteins; Peroxidasin is a secreted ... |
40-210 | 4.62e-20 | |||||||
Animal heme peroxidase domain of peroxidasin and related proteins; Peroxidasin is a secreted heme peroxidase which is involved in hydrogen peroxide metabolism and peroxidative reactions in the cardiovascular system. The domain co-occurs with extracellular matrix domains and may play a role in the formation of the extracellular matrix. Pssm-ID: 188658 Cd Length: 440 Bit Score: 94.68 E-value: 4.62e-20
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| FAD_binding_8 | pfam08022 | FAD-binding domain; |
921-1018 | 1.85e-19 | |||||||
FAD-binding domain; Pssm-ID: 285293 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 108 Bit Score: 84.69 E-value: 1.85e-19
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| PLN02631 | PLN02631 | ferric-chelate reductase |
829-1052 | 3.11e-19 | |||||||
ferric-chelate reductase Pssm-ID: 178238 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 699 Bit Score: 93.57 E-value: 3.11e-19
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| peroxinectin_like | cd09823 | peroxinectin_like animal heme peroxidases; Peroxinectin is an arthropod protein that plays a ... |
70-183 | 3.43e-18 | |||||||
peroxinectin_like animal heme peroxidases; Peroxinectin is an arthropod protein that plays a role in invertebrate immunity mechanisms. Specifically, peroxinectins are secreted as cell-adhesive and opsonic peroxidases. The immunity mechanism appears to involve an interaction between peroxinectin and a transmembrane receptor of the integrin family. Human myeloperoxidase, which is included in this wider family, has also been reported to interact with integrins. Pssm-ID: 188655 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 378 Bit Score: 88.02 E-value: 3.43e-18
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| PLN02844 | PLN02844 | oxidoreductase/ferric-chelate reductase |
744-1102 | 1.14e-17 | |||||||
oxidoreductase/ferric-chelate reductase Pssm-ID: 215453 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 722 Bit Score: 88.75 E-value: 1.14e-17
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| Mcr1 | COG0543 | NAD(P)H-flavin reductase [Coenzyme transport and metabolism, Energy production and conversion]; ... |
923-1191 | 9.70e-17 | |||||||
NAD(P)H-flavin reductase [Coenzyme transport and metabolism, Energy production and conversion]; Pssm-ID: 440309 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 247 Bit Score: 81.06 E-value: 9.70e-17
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| An_peroxidase_like | cd05396 | Animal heme peroxidases and related proteins; A diverse family of enzymes, which includes ... |
40-189 | 1.43e-16 | |||||||
Animal heme peroxidases and related proteins; A diverse family of enzymes, which includes prostaglandin G/H synthase, thyroid peroxidase, myeloperoxidase, linoleate diol synthase, lactoperoxidase, peroxinectin, peroxidasin, and others. Despite its name, this family is not restricted to metazoans: members are found in fungi, plants, and bacteria as well. Pssm-ID: 188647 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 370 Bit Score: 82.86 E-value: 1.43e-16
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| EFh | cd00051 | EF-hand, calcium binding motif; A diverse superfamily of calcium sensors and calcium signal ... |
466-527 | 1.40e-15 | |||||||
EF-hand, calcium binding motif; A diverse superfamily of calcium sensors and calcium signal modulators; most examples in this alignment model have 2 active canonical EF hands. Ca2+ binding induces a conformational change in the EF-hand motif, leading to the activation or inactivation of target proteins. EF-hands tend to occur in pairs or higher copy numbers. Pssm-ID: 238008 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 63 Bit Score: 72.20 E-value: 1.40e-15
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| Fpr | COG1018 | Flavodoxin/ferredoxin--NADP reductase [Energy production and conversion]; |
923-1180 | 1.48e-15 | |||||||
Flavodoxin/ferredoxin--NADP reductase [Energy production and conversion]; Pssm-ID: 440641 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 231 Bit Score: 77.14 E-value: 1.48e-15
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| thyroid_peroxidase | cd09825 | Thyroid peroxidase (TPO); TPO is a member of the animal heme peroxidase family, which is ... |
66-204 | 7.03e-14 | |||||||
Thyroid peroxidase (TPO); TPO is a member of the animal heme peroxidase family, which is expressed in the thyroid and involved in the processing of iodine and iodine compounds. Specifically, TPO oxidizes iodide via hydrogen peroxide to form active iodine, which is then, for example, incorporated into the tyrosine residues of thyroglobulin to yield mono- and di-iodotyrosines. Pssm-ID: 188657 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 565 Bit Score: 75.93 E-value: 7.03e-14
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| PTZ00184 | PTZ00184 | calmodulin; Provisional |
456-570 | 4.57e-12 | |||||||
calmodulin; Provisional Pssm-ID: 185504 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 149 Bit Score: 65.17 E-value: 4.57e-12
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| Ferric_reduct | pfam01794 | Ferric reductase like transmembrane component; This family includes a common region in the ... |
733-872 | 5.56e-12 | |||||||
Ferric reductase like transmembrane component; This family includes a common region in the transmembrane proteins mammalian cytochrome B-245 heavy chain (gp91-phox), ferric reductase transmembrane component in yeast and respiratory burst oxidase from mouse-ear cress. This may be a family of flavocytochromes capable of moving electrons across the plasma membrane. The Frp1 protein from S. pombe is a ferric reductase component and is required for cell surface ferric reductase activity, mutants in frp1 are deficient in ferric iron uptake. Cytochrome B-245 heavy chain is a FAD-dependent dehydrogenase it is also has electron transferase activity which reduces molecular oxygen to superoxide anion, a precursor in the production of microbicidal oxidants. Mutations in the sequence of cytochrome B-245 heavy chain (gp91-phox) lead to the X-linked chronic granulomatous disease. The bacteriocidal ability of phagocytic cells is reduced and is characterized by the absence of a functional plasma membrane associated NADPH oxidase. The chronic granulomatous disease gene codes for the beta chain of cytochrome B-245 and cytochrome B-245 is missing from patients with the disease. Pssm-ID: 426438 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 121 Bit Score: 63.83 E-value: 5.56e-12
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| FRQ1 | COG5126 | Ca2+-binding protein, EF-hand superfamily [Signal transduction mechanisms]; |
448-568 | 1.14e-11 | |||||||
Ca2+-binding protein, EF-hand superfamily [Signal transduction mechanisms]; Pssm-ID: 444056 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 137 Bit Score: 63.66 E-value: 1.14e-11
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| EF-hand_7 | pfam13499 | EF-hand domain pair; |
469-527 | 1.48e-10 | |||||||
EF-hand domain pair; Pssm-ID: 463900 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 67 Bit Score: 58.03 E-value: 1.48e-10
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| EFh_PI-PLC | cd15898 | EF-hand motif found in eukaryotic phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC, EC 3.1.4. ... |
465-566 | 6.32e-10 | |||||||
EF-hand motif found in eukaryotic phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC, EC 3.1.4.11) isozymes; PI-PLC isozymes are signaling enzymes that hydrolyze the membrane phospholipids phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to generate two important second messengers in eukaryotic signal transduction cascades, Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). InsP3 triggers inflow of calcium from intracellular stores, while DAG, together with calcium, activates protein kinase C, which goes on to phosphorylate other molecules, leading to altered cellular activity. Calcium is required for the catalysis. This family corresponds to the four EF-hand motifs containing PI-PLC isozymes, including PI-PLC-beta (1-4), -gamma (1-2), -delta (1,3,4), -epsilon (1), -zeta (1), eta (1-2). Lower eukaryotes such as yeast and slime molds contain only delta-type isozymes. In contrast, other types of isoforms present in higher eukaryotes. This family also includes 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase 1 (PLC1) from fungi. Some homologs from plants contain only two atypical EF-hand motifs and they are not included. All PI-PLC isozymes except sperm-specific PI-PLC-zeta share a core set of domains, including an N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, four atypical EF-hand motifs, a PLC catalytic core, and a single C2 domain. PI-PLC-zeta lacks the PH domain. The PLC catalytic core domain is a TIM barrel with two highly conserved regions (X and Y) split by a highly degenerate linker sequence. Most of EF-hand motifs found in PI-PLCs consist of a helix-loop-helix structure, but lack residues critical to metal binding. Moreover, the EF-hand region of most of PI-PLCs may have an important regulatory function, but it has yet to be identified. However, PI-PLC-zeta is a key exception. It is responsible for Ca2+ oscillations in fertilized oocytes and exhibits a high sensitivity to Ca2+ mediated through its EF-hand domain. In addition, PI-PLC-eta2 shows a canonical EF-loop directing Ca2+-sensitivity and thus can amplify transient Ca2+ signals. Also it appears that PI-PLC-delta1 can regulate the binding of PH domain to PIP2 in a Ca2+-dependent manner through its functionally important EF-hand domains. PI-PLCs can be activated by a variety of extracellular ligands, such as growth factors, hormones, cytokines and lipids. Their activation has been implicated in tumorigenesis and/or metastasis linked to migration, proliferation, growth, inflammation, angiogenesis and actin cytoskeleton reorganization. PI-PLC-beta isozymes are activated by G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) through different mechanisms. However, PI-PLC-gamma isozymes are activated by receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), such as Rho and Ras GTPases. In contrast, PI-PLC-epsilon are activated by both GPCR and RTK. PI-PLC-delta1 and PLC-eta 1 are activated by GPCR-mediated calcium mobilization. The activation mechanism for PI-PLC-zeta remains unclear. Pssm-ID: 320029 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 137 Bit Score: 58.45 E-value: 6.32e-10
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| FNR_like_1 | cd06196 | Ferredoxin reductase-like proteins catalyze electron transfer between an NAD(P)-binding domain ... |
933-1048 | 1.14e-09 | |||||||
Ferredoxin reductase-like proteins catalyze electron transfer between an NAD(P)-binding domain of the alpha/beta class and a discrete (usually N-terminal) domain which varies in orientation with respect to the NAD(P) binding domain. The N-terminal region may contain a flavin prosthetic group (as in flavoenzymes) or use flavin as a substrate. Ferredoxin is reduced in the final stage of photosystem I. The flavoprotein Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase transfers electrons from reduced ferredoxin to FAD (forming FADH2 via a semiquinone intermediate) which then transfers a hydride ion to convert NADP+ to NADPH. Pssm-ID: 99793 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 218 Bit Score: 59.56 E-value: 1.14e-09
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| FNR_iron_sulfur_binding_1 | cd06215 | Iron-sulfur binding ferredoxin reductase (FNR) proteins combine the FAD and NAD(P) binding ... |
936-1197 | 2.65e-09 | |||||||
Iron-sulfur binding ferredoxin reductase (FNR) proteins combine the FAD and NAD(P) binding regions of FNR with an iron-sulfur binding cluster domain. Ferredoxin-NADP+ (oxido)reductase is an FAD-containing enzyme that catalyzes the reversible electron transfer between NADP(H) and electron carrier proteins such as ferredoxin and flavodoxin. Isoforms of these flavoproteins (i.e. having a non-covalently bound FAD as a prosthetic group) are present in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and bacteria in which they participate in a wide variety of redox metabolic pathways. The C-terminal portion of the FAD/NAD binding domain contains most of the NADP(H) binding residues and the N-terminal sub-domain interacts non-covalently with the isoalloxazine rings of the flavin molecule which lies largely in a large gap betweed the two domains. In this ferredoxin like sub-group, the FAD/NAD sub-domains is typically fused to a C-terminal iron-sulfur binding domain. Iron-sulfur proteins play an important role in electron transfer processes and in various enzymatic reactions. The family includes plant and algal ferredoxins which act as electron carriers in photosynthesis and ferredoxins which participate in redox chains from bacteria to mammals. Ferredoxin reductase first accepts one electron from reduced ferredoxin to form a flavin semiquinone intermediate. The enzyme then accepts a second electron to form FADH2 which then transfers two electrons and a proton to NADP+ to form NADPH. Pssm-ID: 99811 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 231 Bit Score: 58.76 E-value: 2.65e-09
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| PTZ00183 | PTZ00183 | centrin; Provisional |
456-574 | 4.61e-09 | |||||||
centrin; Provisional Pssm-ID: 185503 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 158 Bit Score: 56.62 E-value: 4.61e-09
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| flavin_oxioreductase | cd06189 | NAD(P)H dependent flavin oxidoreductases use flavin as a substrate in mediating electron ... |
922-1173 | 7.22e-09 | |||||||
NAD(P)H dependent flavin oxidoreductases use flavin as a substrate in mediating electron transfer from iron complexes or iron proteins. Structurally similar to ferredoxin reductases, but with only 15% sequence identity, flavin reductases reduce FAD, FMN, or riboflavin via NAD(P)H. Flavin is used as a substrate, rather than a tightly bound prosthetic group as in flavoenzymes; weaker binding is due to the absence of a binding site for the AMP moeity of FAD. Pssm-ID: 99786 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 224 Bit Score: 57.56 E-value: 7.22e-09
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| myeloperoxidase_like | cd09824 | Myeloperoxidases, eosinophil peroxidases, and lactoperoxidases; This well conserved family of ... |
70-183 | 1.15e-08 | |||||||
Myeloperoxidases, eosinophil peroxidases, and lactoperoxidases; This well conserved family of animal heme peroxidases contains members with somewhat diverse functions. Myeloperoxidases are lysosomal proteins found in azurophilic granules of neutrophils and the lysosomes of monocytes. They are involved in the formation of microbicidal agents upon activation of activated neutrophils (neutrophils undergoing respiratory bursts as a result of phagocytosis), by catalyzing the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to hypochlorous acid. As a heme protein, myeloperoxidase is responsible for the greenish tint of pus, which is rich in neutrophils. Eosinophil peroxidases are haloperoxidases as well, preferring bromide over chloride. Expressed by eosinophil granulocytes, they are involved in attacking multicellular parasites and play roles in various inflammatory diseases such as asthma. The haloperoxidase lactoperoxidase is secreted from mucosal glands and provides antibacterial activity by oxidizing a variety of substrates such as bromide or chloride in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Pssm-ID: 188656 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 411 Bit Score: 58.58 E-value: 1.15e-08
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| sulfite_reductase_like | cd06221 | Anaerobic sulfite reductase contains an FAD and NADPH binding module with structural ... |
935-1179 | 3.59e-08 | |||||||
Anaerobic sulfite reductase contains an FAD and NADPH binding module with structural similarity to ferredoxin reductase and sequence similarity to dihydroorotate dehydrogenases. Clostridium pasteurianum inducible dissimilatory type sulfite reductase is linked to ferredoxin and reduces NH2OH and SeO3 at a lesser rate than it's normal substate SO3(2-). Dihydroorotate dehydrogenases (DHODs) catalyze the only redox reaction in pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis. They catalyze the oxidation of (S)-dihydroorotate to orotate coupled with the reduction of NAD+. Pssm-ID: 99817 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 253 Bit Score: 55.69 E-value: 3.59e-08
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| EFh | cd00051 | EF-hand, calcium binding motif; A diverse superfamily of calcium sensors and calcium signal ... |
503-561 | 6.99e-08 | |||||||
EF-hand, calcium binding motif; A diverse superfamily of calcium sensors and calcium signal modulators; most examples in this alignment model have 2 active canonical EF hands. Ca2+ binding induces a conformational change in the EF-hand motif, leading to the activation or inactivation of target proteins. EF-hands tend to occur in pairs or higher copy numbers. Pssm-ID: 238008 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 63 Bit Score: 50.24 E-value: 6.99e-08
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| FNR1 | cd06195 | Ferredoxin-NADP+ (oxido)reductase is an FAD-containing enzyme that catalyzes the reversible ... |
936-1117 | 3.26e-07 | |||||||
Ferredoxin-NADP+ (oxido)reductase is an FAD-containing enzyme that catalyzes the reversible electron transfer between NADP(H) and electron carrier proteins such as ferredoxin and flavodoxin. Isoforms of these flavoproteins (i.e. having a non-covalently bound FAD as a prosthetic group) are present in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and bacteria in which they participate in a wide variety of redox metabolic pathways. The C-terminal domain contains most of the NADP(H) binding residues and the N-terminal domain interacts non-covalently with the isoalloxazine rings of the flavin molecule which lies largely in a large gap betweed the two domains. Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase first accepts one electron from reduced ferredoxin to form a flavin semiquinone intermediate. The enzyme then accepts a second electron to form FADH2 which then transfers two electrons and a proton to NADP+ to form NADPH. Pssm-ID: 99792 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 241 Bit Score: 52.95 E-value: 3.26e-07
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| EF-hand_7 | pfam13499 | EF-hand domain pair; |
499-571 | 6.55e-07 | |||||||
EF-hand domain pair; Pssm-ID: 463900 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 67 Bit Score: 47.63 E-value: 6.55e-07
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| DHOD_e_trans_like | cd06192 | FAD/NAD binding domain (electron transfer subunit) of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase-like ... |
923-1058 | 1.80e-06 | |||||||
FAD/NAD binding domain (electron transfer subunit) of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase-like proteins. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenases (DHODs) catalyze the only redox reaction in pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis. They catalyze the oxidation of (S)-dihydroorotate to orotate coupled with the reduction of NAD+. In L. lactis, DHOD B (encoded by pyrDa) is co-expressed with pyrK and both gene products are required for full activity, as well as NAD binding. NAD(P) binding domain of ferredoxin reductase-like proteins catalyze electron transfer between an NAD(P)-binding domain of the alpha/beta class and a discrete (usually N-terminal) domain which vary in orientation with respect to the NAD(P) binding domain. The N-terminal domain may contain a flavin prosthetic group (as in flavoenzymes) or use flavin as a substrate. Ferredoxin is reduced in the final stage of photosystem I. The flavoprotein Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase transfers electrons from reduced ferredoxin to FAD (forming FADH2 via a semiquinone intermediate) which then transfers a hydride ion to convert NADP+ to NADPH. Pssm-ID: 99789 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 243 Bit Score: 50.79 E-value: 1.80e-06
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| O2ase_reductase_like | cd06187 | The oxygenase reductase FAD/NADH binding domain acts as part of the multi-component bacterial ... |
923-1048 | 1.90e-06 | |||||||
The oxygenase reductase FAD/NADH binding domain acts as part of the multi-component bacterial oxygenases which oxidize hydrocarbons using oxygen as the oxidant. Electron transfer is from NADH via FAD (in the oxygenase reductase) and an [2FE-2S] ferredoxin center (fused to the FAD/NADH domain and/or discrete) to the oxygenase. Dioxygenases add both atoms of oxygen to the substrate, while mono-oxygenases (aka mixed oxygenases) add one atom to the substrate and one atom to water. In dioxygenases, Class I enzymes are 2 component, containing a reductase with Rieske type [2Fe-2S] redox centers and an oxygenase. Class II are 3 component, having discrete flavin and ferredoxin proteins and an oxygenase. Class III have 2 [2Fe-2S] centers, one fused to the flavin domain and the other separate. Pssm-ID: 99784 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 224 Bit Score: 50.28 E-value: 1.90e-06
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| EFh | cd00051 | EF-hand, calcium binding motif; A diverse superfamily of calcium sensors and calcium signal ... |
448-490 | 2.84e-06 | |||||||
EF-hand, calcium binding motif; A diverse superfamily of calcium sensors and calcium signal modulators; most examples in this alignment model have 2 active canonical EF hands. Ca2+ binding induces a conformational change in the EF-hand motif, leading to the activation or inactivation of target proteins. EF-hands tend to occur in pairs or higher copy numbers. Pssm-ID: 238008 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 63 Bit Score: 45.62 E-value: 2.84e-06
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| EFh | smart00054 | EF-hand, calcium binding motif; EF-hands are calcium-binding motifs that occur at least in ... |
505-529 | 3.78e-06 | |||||||
EF-hand, calcium binding motif; EF-hands are calcium-binding motifs that occur at least in pairs. Links between disease states and genes encoding EF-hands, particularly the S100 subclass, are emerging. Each motif consists of a 12 residue loop flanked on either side by a 12 residue alpha-helix. EF-hands undergo a conformational change unpon binding calcium ions. Pssm-ID: 197492 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 29 Bit Score: 44.29 E-value: 3.78e-06
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| EF-hand_1 | pfam00036 | EF hand; The EF-hands can be divided into two classes: signalling proteins and buffering ... |
505-529 | 8.56e-06 | |||||||
EF hand; The EF-hands can be divided into two classes: signalling proteins and buffering/transport proteins. The first group is the largest and includes the most well-known members of the family such as calmodulin, troponin C and S100B. These proteins typically undergo a calcium-dependent conformational change which opens a target binding site. The latter group is represented by calbindin D9k and do not undergo calcium dependent conformational changes. Pssm-ID: 425435 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 29 Bit Score: 43.54 E-value: 8.56e-06
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| monooxygenase_like | cd06212 | The oxygenase reductase FAD/NADH binding domain acts as part of the multi-component bacterial ... |
923-1087 | 1.02e-05 | |||||||
The oxygenase reductase FAD/NADH binding domain acts as part of the multi-component bacterial oxygenases which oxidize hydrocarbons. These flavoprotein monooxygenases use molecular oxygen as a substrate and require reduced FAD. One atom of oxygen is incorportated into the aromatic compond, while the other is used to form a molecule of water. In contrast dioxygenases add both atoms of oxygen to the substrate. Pssm-ID: 99808 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 232 Bit Score: 48.10 E-value: 1.02e-05
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| PRK08345 | PRK08345 | cytochrome-c3 hydrogenase subunit gamma; Provisional |
936-1184 | 1.16e-05 | |||||||
cytochrome-c3 hydrogenase subunit gamma; Provisional Pssm-ID: 236247 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 289 Bit Score: 48.65 E-value: 1.16e-05
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| EF-hand_8 | pfam13833 | EF-hand domain pair; |
477-526 | 1.97e-05 | |||||||
EF-hand domain pair; Pssm-ID: 404678 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 54 Bit Score: 43.07 E-value: 1.97e-05
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| EFh_PI-PLCdelta | cd16202 | EF-hand motif found in phosphoinositide phospholipase C delta (PI-PLC-delta); PI-PLC-delta ... |
465-569 | 2.22e-05 | |||||||
EF-hand motif found in phosphoinositide phospholipase C delta (PI-PLC-delta); PI-PLC-delta isozymes represent a class of metazoan PI-PLCs that are some of the most sensitive to calcium among all PLCs. Their activation is modulated by intracellular calcium ion concentration, phospholipids, polyamines, and other proteins, such as RhoAGAP. Like other PI-PLC isozymes, PI-PLC-delta isozymes contain a core set of domains, including an N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, four atypical EF-hand motifs, a PLC catalytic core, and a single C-terminal C2 domain. The PLC catalytic core domain is a TIM barrel with two highly conserved regions (X and Y) split by a highly degenerate linker sequence. There are three PI-PLC-delta isozymes (1, 3 and 4). PI-PLC-delta1 is relatively well characterized. It is activated by high calcium levels generated by other PI-PLC family members, and therefore functions as a calcium amplifier within the cell. Different PI-PLC-delta isozymes have different tissue distribution and different subcellular locations. PI-PLC-delta1 is mostly a cytoplasmic protein, PI-PLC-delta3 is located in the membrane, and PI-PLC-delta4 is predominantly detected in the cell nucleus. PI-PLC-delta isozymes is evolutionarily conserved even in non-mammalian species, such as yeast, slime molds and plants. Pssm-ID: 320032 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 140 Bit Score: 45.30 E-value: 2.22e-05
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| EFh | smart00054 | EF-hand, calcium binding motif; EF-hands are calcium-binding motifs that occur at least in ... |
466-490 | 2.96e-05 | |||||||
EF-hand, calcium binding motif; EF-hands are calcium-binding motifs that occur at least in pairs. Links between disease states and genes encoding EF-hands, particularly the S100 subclass, are emerging. Each motif consists of a 12 residue loop flanked on either side by a 12 residue alpha-helix. EF-hands undergo a conformational change unpon binding calcium ions. Pssm-ID: 197492 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 29 Bit Score: 41.98 E-value: 2.96e-05
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| phenol_2-monooxygenase_like | cd06211 | Phenol 2-monooxygenase (phenol hydroxylase) is a flavoprotein monooxygenase, able to use ... |
914-1048 | 4.48e-05 | |||||||
Phenol 2-monooxygenase (phenol hydroxylase) is a flavoprotein monooxygenase, able to use molecular oxygen as a substrate in the microbial degredation of phenol. This protein is encoded by a single gene and uses a tightly bound FAD cofactor in the NAD(P)H dependent conversion of phenol and O2 to catechol and H2O. This group is related to the NAD binding ferredoxin reductases. Pssm-ID: 99807 Cd Length: 238 Bit Score: 46.16 E-value: 4.48e-05
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| EFh_HEF | cd15902 | EF-hand, calcium binding motif, found in the hexa-EF hand proteins family; The hexa-EF hand ... |
407-597 | 5.61e-05 | |||||||
EF-hand, calcium binding motif, found in the hexa-EF hand proteins family; The hexa-EF hand proteins family, also named the calbindin sub-family, contains a group of six EF-hand Ca2+-binding proteins, including calretinin (CR, also termed 29 kDa calbindin), calbindin D28K (CB, also termed vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein, avian-type), and secretagogin (SCGN). CR is a cytosolic hexa-EF-hand calcium-binding protein predominantly expressed in a variety of normal and tumorigenic t-specific neurons of the central and peripheral nervous system. It is a multifunctional protein implicated in many biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. CB is highly expressed in brain tissue. It is a strong calcium-binding and buffering protein responsible for preventing a neuronal death as well as maintaining and controlling calcium homeostasis. SCGN is a six EF-hand calcium-binding protein expressed in neuroendocrine, pancreatic endocrine and retinal cells. It plays a crucial role in cell apoptosis, receptor signaling and differentiation. It is also involved in vesicle secretion through binding to various proteins, including interacts with SNAP25, SNAP23, DOC2alpha, ARFGAP2, rootletin, KIF5B, beta-tubulin, DDAH-2, ATP-synthase and myeloid leukemia factor 2. SCGN functions as a Ca2+ sensor/coincidence detector modulating vesicular exocytosis of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides or hormones. Although the family members share a significant amount of secondary sequence homology, they display altered structural and biochemical characteristics, and operate in distinct fashions. CB contains six EF-hand motifs in a single globular domain, where EF-hands 1, 3, 4, 5 bind four calcium ions. CR contains six EF-hand motifs within two independent domains, CR I-II and CR III-VI. They harbor two and four EF-hand motifs, respectively. The first 5 EF-hand motifs are capable of binding calcium ions, while the EF-hand 6 is inactive. SCGN consists of the three globular domains each of which contains a pair of EF-hand motifs. Human SCGN simultaneously binds four calcium ions through its EF-hands 3, 4, 5 and 6 in one high affinity and three low affinity calcium-binding sites. In contrast, SCGNs in other lower eukaryotes, such as D. rerio, X. laevis, M. domestica, G. gallus, O. anatinus, are fully competent in terms of six calcium-binding. Pssm-ID: 320075 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 254 Bit Score: 46.19 E-value: 5.61e-05
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| EF-hand_1 | pfam00036 | EF hand; The EF-hands can be divided into two classes: signalling proteins and buffering ... |
466-490 | 6.52e-05 | |||||||
EF hand; The EF-hands can be divided into two classes: signalling proteins and buffering/transport proteins. The first group is the largest and includes the most well-known members of the family such as calmodulin, troponin C and S100B. These proteins typically undergo a calcium-dependent conformational change which opens a target binding site. The latter group is represented by calbindin D9k and do not undergo calcium dependent conformational changes. Pssm-ID: 425435 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 29 Bit Score: 40.85 E-value: 6.52e-05
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| PRK00054 | PRK00054 | dihydroorotate dehydrogenase electron transfer subunit; Reviewed |
936-1051 | 6.91e-05 | |||||||
dihydroorotate dehydrogenase electron transfer subunit; Reviewed Pssm-ID: 234601 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 250 Bit Score: 46.02 E-value: 6.91e-05
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| EF-hand_6 | pfam13405 | EF-hand domain; |
503-529 | 1.01e-04 | |||||||
EF-hand domain; Pssm-ID: 463869 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 30 Bit Score: 40.24 E-value: 1.01e-04
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| DHOD_e_trans_like2 | cd06220 | FAD/NAD binding domain in the electron transfer subunit of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase-like ... |
936-1055 | 1.40e-04 | |||||||
FAD/NAD binding domain in the electron transfer subunit of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase-like proteins. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenases (DHODs) catalyze the only redox reaction in pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis. They catalyze the oxidation of (S)-dihydroorotate to orotate coupled with the reduction of NAD+. In L. lactis, DHOD B (encoded by pyrDa) is co-expressed with pyrK and both gene products are required for full activity, as well as 3 cofactors: FMN, FAD, and an [2Fe-2S] cluster. Pssm-ID: 99816 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 233 Bit Score: 44.55 E-value: 1.40e-04
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| FNR_iron_sulfur_binding_3 | cd06217 | Iron-sulfur binding ferredoxin reductase (FNR) proteins combine the FAD and NAD(P) binding ... |
930-1171 | 1.46e-04 | |||||||
Iron-sulfur binding ferredoxin reductase (FNR) proteins combine the FAD and NAD(P) binding regions of FNR with an iron-sulfur binding cluster domain. Ferredoxin-NADP+ (oxido)reductase is an FAD-containing enzyme that catalyzes the reversible electron transfer between NADP(H) and electron carrier proteins such as ferredoxin and flavodoxin. Isoforms of these flavoproteins (i.e. having a non-covalently bound FAD as a prosthetic group) are present in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and bacteria in which they participate in a wide variety of redox metabolic pathways. The C-terminal domain contains most of the NADP(H) binding residues and the N-terminal domain interacts non-covalently with the isoalloxazine rings of the flavin molecule which lies largely in a large gap between the two domains. Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase first accepts one electron from reduced ferredoxin to form a flavin semiquinone intermediate. The enzyme then accepts a second electron to form FADH2 which then transfers two electrons and a proton to NADP+ to form NADPH. Pssm-ID: 99813 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 235 Bit Score: 44.56 E-value: 1.46e-04
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| EFh_PI-PLC | cd15898 | EF-hand motif found in eukaryotic phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC, EC 3.1.4. ... |
503-583 | 4.81e-04 | |||||||
EF-hand motif found in eukaryotic phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC, EC 3.1.4.11) isozymes; PI-PLC isozymes are signaling enzymes that hydrolyze the membrane phospholipids phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to generate two important second messengers in eukaryotic signal transduction cascades, Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). InsP3 triggers inflow of calcium from intracellular stores, while DAG, together with calcium, activates protein kinase C, which goes on to phosphorylate other molecules, leading to altered cellular activity. Calcium is required for the catalysis. This family corresponds to the four EF-hand motifs containing PI-PLC isozymes, including PI-PLC-beta (1-4), -gamma (1-2), -delta (1,3,4), -epsilon (1), -zeta (1), eta (1-2). Lower eukaryotes such as yeast and slime molds contain only delta-type isozymes. In contrast, other types of isoforms present in higher eukaryotes. This family also includes 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase 1 (PLC1) from fungi. Some homologs from plants contain only two atypical EF-hand motifs and they are not included. All PI-PLC isozymes except sperm-specific PI-PLC-zeta share a core set of domains, including an N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, four atypical EF-hand motifs, a PLC catalytic core, and a single C2 domain. PI-PLC-zeta lacks the PH domain. The PLC catalytic core domain is a TIM barrel with two highly conserved regions (X and Y) split by a highly degenerate linker sequence. Most of EF-hand motifs found in PI-PLCs consist of a helix-loop-helix structure, but lack residues critical to metal binding. Moreover, the EF-hand region of most of PI-PLCs may have an important regulatory function, but it has yet to be identified. However, PI-PLC-zeta is a key exception. It is responsible for Ca2+ oscillations in fertilized oocytes and exhibits a high sensitivity to Ca2+ mediated through its EF-hand domain. In addition, PI-PLC-eta2 shows a canonical EF-loop directing Ca2+-sensitivity and thus can amplify transient Ca2+ signals. Also it appears that PI-PLC-delta1 can regulate the binding of PH domain to PIP2 in a Ca2+-dependent manner through its functionally important EF-hand domains. PI-PLCs can be activated by a variety of extracellular ligands, such as growth factors, hormones, cytokines and lipids. Their activation has been implicated in tumorigenesis and/or metastasis linked to migration, proliferation, growth, inflammation, angiogenesis and actin cytoskeleton reorganization. PI-PLC-beta isozymes are activated by G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) through different mechanisms. However, PI-PLC-gamma isozymes are activated by receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), such as Rho and Ras GTPases. In contrast, PI-PLC-epsilon are activated by both GPCR and RTK. PI-PLC-delta1 and PLC-eta 1 are activated by GPCR-mediated calcium mobilization. The activation mechanism for PI-PLC-zeta remains unclear. Pssm-ID: 320029 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 137 Bit Score: 41.50 E-value: 4.81e-04
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| EF-hand_7 | pfam13499 | EF-hand domain pair; |
446-490 | 1.09e-03 | |||||||
EF-hand domain pair; Pssm-ID: 463900 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 67 Bit Score: 38.77 E-value: 1.09e-03
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| EFh_PI-PLCeta2 | cd16221 | EF-hand motif found in phosphoinositide phospholipase C eta 2 (PI-PLC-eta2); PI-PLC-eta2, also ... |
470-522 | 1.41e-03 | |||||||
EF-hand motif found in phosphoinositide phospholipase C eta 2 (PI-PLC-eta2); PI-PLC-eta2, also termed 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase eta-2, or phosphoinositide phospholipase C-like 4, or phospholipase C-like protein 4 (PLC-L4), or phospholipase C-eta-2 (PLC-eta2), is a neuron-specific PI-PLC that is most abundant in the brain, particularly in the hippocampus, habenula, olfactory bulb, cerebellum, and throughout the cerebral cortex. It is also expressed in the pituitary gland, pineal gland, retina, and lung, as well as in neuroendocrine cells. PI-PLC-eta2 has been implicated in the regulation of neuronal differentiation/maturation. It is required for retinoic acid-stimulated neurite growth. It may also in part function downstream of G-protein-coupled receptors and play an important role in the formation and maintenance of the neuronal network in the postnatal brain. Moreover, PI-PLC-eta2 acts as a Ca2+ sensor that shows a canonical EF-loop directing Ca2+-sensitivity and thus can amplify transient Ca2+ signals. Its activation can be triggered either by intracellular calcium mobilization or by G beta-gamma signaling. PI-PLC-eta2 contains an N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, four atypical EF-hand motifs, a PLC catalytic core domain, a C2 domain, and a unique C-terminal tail that terminates with a PDZ-binding motif, a potential interaction site for other signaling proteins. The PLC catalytic core domain is a TIM barrel with two highly conserved regions (X and Y) split by a highly degenerate linker sequence. The C-terminal tail harbors a number of proline-rich motifs which may interact with SH3 (Src homology 3) domain-containing proteins, as well as many serine/threonine residues, suggesting possible regulation of interactions by protein kinases/phosphatases. Pssm-ID: 320051 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 141 Bit Score: 40.30 E-value: 1.41e-03
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| PLN02964 | PLN02964 | phosphatidylserine decarboxylase |
465-536 | 1.70e-03 | |||||||
phosphatidylserine decarboxylase Pssm-ID: 215520 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 644 Bit Score: 42.54 E-value: 1.70e-03
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| FNR_N-term_Iron_sulfur_binding | cd06194 | Iron-sulfur binding ferredoxin reductase (FNR) proteins combine the FAD and NAD(P) binding ... |
923-1047 | 1.81e-03 | |||||||
Iron-sulfur binding ferredoxin reductase (FNR) proteins combine the FAD and NAD(P) binding regions of FNR with an N-terminal Iron-Sulfur binding cluster domain. Ferredoxin-NADP+ (oxido)reductase is an FAD-containing enzyme that catalyzes the reversible electron transfer between NADP(H) and electron carrier proteins such as ferredoxin and flavodoxin. Isoforms of these flavoproteins (i.e. having a non-covalently bound FAD as a prosthetic group) are present in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and bacteria in which they participate in a wide variety of redox metabolic pathways. The C-terminal domain contains most of the NADP(H) binding residues and the N-terminal domain interacts non-covalently with the isoalloxazine rings of the flavin molecule which lies largely in a large gap betweed the two domains. Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase first accepts one electron from reduced ferredoxin to form a flavin semiquinone intermediate. The enzyme then accepts a second electron to form FADH2 which then transfers two electrons and a proton to NADP+ to form NADPH. Pssm-ID: 99791 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 222 Bit Score: 41.10 E-value: 1.81e-03
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| EFh_HEF | cd15902 | EF-hand, calcium binding motif, found in the hexa-EF hand proteins family; The hexa-EF hand ... |
474-561 | 2.28e-03 | |||||||
EF-hand, calcium binding motif, found in the hexa-EF hand proteins family; The hexa-EF hand proteins family, also named the calbindin sub-family, contains a group of six EF-hand Ca2+-binding proteins, including calretinin (CR, also termed 29 kDa calbindin), calbindin D28K (CB, also termed vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein, avian-type), and secretagogin (SCGN). CR is a cytosolic hexa-EF-hand calcium-binding protein predominantly expressed in a variety of normal and tumorigenic t-specific neurons of the central and peripheral nervous system. It is a multifunctional protein implicated in many biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. CB is highly expressed in brain tissue. It is a strong calcium-binding and buffering protein responsible for preventing a neuronal death as well as maintaining and controlling calcium homeostasis. SCGN is a six EF-hand calcium-binding protein expressed in neuroendocrine, pancreatic endocrine and retinal cells. It plays a crucial role in cell apoptosis, receptor signaling and differentiation. It is also involved in vesicle secretion through binding to various proteins, including interacts with SNAP25, SNAP23, DOC2alpha, ARFGAP2, rootletin, KIF5B, beta-tubulin, DDAH-2, ATP-synthase and myeloid leukemia factor 2. SCGN functions as a Ca2+ sensor/coincidence detector modulating vesicular exocytosis of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides or hormones. Although the family members share a significant amount of secondary sequence homology, they display altered structural and biochemical characteristics, and operate in distinct fashions. CB contains six EF-hand motifs in a single globular domain, where EF-hands 1, 3, 4, 5 bind four calcium ions. CR contains six EF-hand motifs within two independent domains, CR I-II and CR III-VI. They harbor two and four EF-hand motifs, respectively. The first 5 EF-hand motifs are capable of binding calcium ions, while the EF-hand 6 is inactive. SCGN consists of the three globular domains each of which contains a pair of EF-hand motifs. Human SCGN simultaneously binds four calcium ions through its EF-hands 3, 4, 5 and 6 in one high affinity and three low affinity calcium-binding sites. In contrast, SCGNs in other lower eukaryotes, such as D. rerio, X. laevis, M. domestica, G. gallus, O. anatinus, are fully competent in terms of six calcium-binding. Pssm-ID: 320075 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 254 Bit Score: 41.18 E-value: 2.28e-03
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| EFh_PEF_Group_I | cd16180 | Penta-EF hand, calcium binding motifs, found in Group I PEF proteins; The family corresponds ... |
466-531 | 3.13e-03 | |||||||
Penta-EF hand, calcium binding motifs, found in Group I PEF proteins; The family corresponds to Group I PEF proteins that have been found not only in higher animals but also in lower animals, plants, fungi and protists. Group I PEF proteins include apoptosis-linked gene 2 protein (ALG-2), peflin and similar proteins. ALG-2, also termed programmed cell death protein 6 (PDCD6), is a widely expressed calcium-binding modulator protein associated with cell proliferation and death, as well as cell survival. It forms a homodimer in the cell or a heterodimer with its closest paralog peflin. Among the PEF proteins, ALG-2 can bind three Ca2+ ions through its EF1, EF3, and EF5 hands, where it is unique in that its EF5 hand binds Ca2+ ion in a canonical coordination. Peflin is a ubiquitously expressed 30-kD PEF protein containing five EF-hand motifs in its C-terminal domain and a longer N-terminal hydrophobic domain (NHB domain) than any other member of the PEF family. The NHB domain harbors nine repeats of a nonapeptide (A/PPGGPYGGP). Peflin may modulate the function of ALG-2 in Ca2+ signaling. It exists only as a heterodimer with ALG-2, and binds two Ca2+ ions through its EF1 and EF3 hands. Its additional EF5 hand is unpaired and does not bind Ca2+ ion but mediates the heterodimerization with ALG-2. The dissociation of heterodimer occurs in the presence of Ca2+. Pssm-ID: 320055 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 164 Bit Score: 39.82 E-value: 3.13e-03
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| EFh_PEF_Group_I | cd16180 | Penta-EF hand, calcium binding motifs, found in Group I PEF proteins; The family corresponds ... |
470-526 | 3.41e-03 | |||||||
Penta-EF hand, calcium binding motifs, found in Group I PEF proteins; The family corresponds to Group I PEF proteins that have been found not only in higher animals but also in lower animals, plants, fungi and protists. Group I PEF proteins include apoptosis-linked gene 2 protein (ALG-2), peflin and similar proteins. ALG-2, also termed programmed cell death protein 6 (PDCD6), is a widely expressed calcium-binding modulator protein associated with cell proliferation and death, as well as cell survival. It forms a homodimer in the cell or a heterodimer with its closest paralog peflin. Among the PEF proteins, ALG-2 can bind three Ca2+ ions through its EF1, EF3, and EF5 hands, where it is unique in that its EF5 hand binds Ca2+ ion in a canonical coordination. Peflin is a ubiquitously expressed 30-kD PEF protein containing five EF-hand motifs in its C-terminal domain and a longer N-terminal hydrophobic domain (NHB domain) than any other member of the PEF family. The NHB domain harbors nine repeats of a nonapeptide (A/PPGGPYGGP). Peflin may modulate the function of ALG-2 in Ca2+ signaling. It exists only as a heterodimer with ALG-2, and binds two Ca2+ ions through its EF1 and EF3 hands. Its additional EF5 hand is unpaired and does not bind Ca2+ ion but mediates the heterodimerization with ALG-2. The dissociation of heterodimer occurs in the presence of Ca2+. Pssm-ID: 320055 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 164 Bit Score: 39.43 E-value: 3.41e-03
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| EFh_PEF_peflin | cd16184 | EF-hand, calcium binding motif, found in peflin and similar proteins; Peflin, also termed ... |
466-530 | 3.95e-03 | |||||||
EF-hand, calcium binding motif, found in peflin and similar proteins; Peflin, also termed penta-EF hand (PEF) protein with a long N-terminal hydrophobic domain, or penta-EF hand domain-containing protein 1, is a ubiquitously expressed 30-kD PEF protein containing five EF-hand motifs in its C-terminal domain and a longer N-terminal hydrophobic domain (NHB domain) than any other member of the PEF family. The NHB domain harbors nine repeats of a nonapeptide (A/PPGGPYGGP). Peflin may modulate the function of ALG-2 in Ca2+ signaling. It exists only as a heterodimer with ALG-2, and binds two Ca2+ ions through its EF1 and EF3 hands. Its additional EF5 hand is unpaired and does not bind Ca2+ ion but mediates the heterodimerization with ALG-2. The dissociation of heterodimer occurs in the presence of Ca2+. In lower vertebrates, peflin may interact with transient receptor potential N (TRPN1), suggesting a potential role of peflin in fast transducer channel adaptation. Pssm-ID: 320059 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 165 Bit Score: 39.56 E-value: 3.95e-03
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| flavohem_like_fad_nad_binding | cd06184 | FAD_NAD(P)H binding domain of flavohemoglobin. Flavohemoglobins have a globin domain ... |
1030-1190 | 4.44e-03 | |||||||
FAD_NAD(P)H binding domain of flavohemoglobin. Flavohemoglobins have a globin domain containing a B-type heme fused with a ferredoxin reductase-like FAD/NAD-binding domain. Flavohemoglobins detoxify nitric oxide (NO) via an NO dioxygenase reaction. The hemoglobin domain adopts a globin fold with an embedded heme molecule. Flavohemoglobins also have a C-terminal reductase domain with bindiing sites for FAD and NAD(P)H. This domain catalyzes the conversion of NO + O2 + NAD(P)H to NO3- + NAD(P)+. Instead of the oxygen transport function of hemoglobins, flavohemoglobins seem to act in NO dioxygenation and NO signalling. Pssm-ID: 99781 Cd Length: 247 Bit Score: 40.23 E-value: 4.44e-03
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| FRQ1 | COG5126 | Ca2+-binding protein, EF-hand superfamily [Signal transduction mechanisms]; |
498-596 | 5.41e-03 | |||||||
Ca2+-binding protein, EF-hand superfamily [Signal transduction mechanisms]; Pssm-ID: 444056 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 137 Bit Score: 38.62 E-value: 5.41e-03
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| EFh_PI-PLCeta | cd16205 | EF-hand motif found in phosphoinositide phospholipase C eta (PI-PLC-eta); PI-PLC-eta isozymes ... |
466-522 | 5.98e-03 | |||||||
EF-hand motif found in phosphoinositide phospholipase C eta (PI-PLC-eta); PI-PLC-eta isozymes represent a class of neuron-specific metazoan PI-PLCs that are most abundant in the brain, particularly in the hippocampus, habenula, olfactory bulb, cerebellum, and throughout the cerebral cortex. They are phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-hydrolyzing enzymes that are more sensitive to Ca2+ than other PI-PLC isozymes. They function as calcium sensors activated by small increases in intracellular calcium concentrations. They are also activated through G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) stimulation, and further mediate GPCR signalling pathways. PI-PLC-eta isozymes contain an N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, four atypical EF-hand motifs, a PLC catalytic core domain, a C2 domain, and a unique C-terminal tail that terminates with a PDZ-binding motif, a potential interaction site for other signaling proteins. The PLC catalytic core domain is a TIM barrel with two highly conserved regions (X and Y) split by a highly degenerate linker sequence. The C-terminal tail harbors a number of proline-rich motifs which may interact with SH3 (Src homology 3) domain-containing proteins, as well as many serine/threonine residues, suggesting possible regulation of interactions by protein kinases/phosphatases. There are two PI-PLC-eta isozymes (1-2). Aside from the PI-PLC-eta isozymes identified in mammals, their eukaryotic homologs are also present in this family. Pssm-ID: 320035 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 141 Bit Score: 38.52 E-value: 5.98e-03
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| FNR_iron_sulfur_binding | cd06191 | Iron-sulfur binding Ferredoxin Reductase (FNR) proteins combine the FAD and NAD(P) binding ... |
938-1197 | 6.06e-03 | |||||||
Iron-sulfur binding Ferredoxin Reductase (FNR) proteins combine the FAD and NAD(P) binding regions of FNR with a C-terminal iron-sulfur binding cluster domain. FNR was intially identified as a chloroplast reductase activity catalyzing the electron transfer from reduced iron-sulfur protein ferredoxin to NADP+ as the final step in the electron transport mechanism of photosystem I. FNR transfers electrons from reduced ferredoxin to FAD (forming FADH2 via a semiquinone intermediate) and then transfers a hydride ion to convert NADP+ to NADPH. FNR has since been shown to utilize a variety of electron acceptors and donors and has a variety of physiological functions including nitrogen assimilation, dinitrogen fixation, steroid hydroxylation, fatty acid metabolism, oxygenase activity, and methnae assimilation in a variety of organisms. FNR has an NAD(P)-binding sub-domain of the alpha/beta class and a discrete (usually N-terminal) flavin sub-domain which vary in orientation with respect to the NAD(P) binding domain. The N-terminal moeity may contain a flavin prosthetic group (as in flavoenzymes) or use flavin as a substrate. Because flavins such as FAD can exist in oxidized, semiquinone (one- electron reduced), or fully reduced hydroquinone forms, FNR can interact with one and 2 electron carriers. FNR has a strong preference for NADP(H) vs NAD(H). Pssm-ID: 99788 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 231 Bit Score: 39.82 E-value: 6.06e-03
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| EFh_ScPlc1p_like | cd16207 | EF-hand motif found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae phospholipase C-1 (ScPlc1p) and similar ... |
465-527 | 6.92e-03 | |||||||
EF-hand motif found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae phospholipase C-1 (ScPlc1p) and similar proteins; This family represents a group of putative phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC, EC 3.1.4.11) encoded by PLC1 genes from yeasts, which are homologs of the delta isoforms of mammalian PI-PLC in terms of overall sequence similarity and domain organization. Mammalian PI-PLC is a signaling enzyme that hydrolyzes the membrane phospholipids phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to generate two important second messengers in eukaryotic signal transduction cascades, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). InsP3 triggers inflow of calcium from intracellular stores, while DAG, together with calcium, activates protein kinase C, which then phosphorylates other molecules, leading to altered cellular activity. Calcium is required for the catalysis. The prototype of this family is protein Plc1p (also termed 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase 1) encoded by PLC1 genes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ScPlc1p contains both highly conserved X- and Y- regions of PLC catalytic core domain, as well as a presumptive EF-hand like calcium binding motif. Experiments show that ScPlc1p displays calcium dependent catalytic properties with high similarity to those of the mammalian PLCs, and plays multiple roles in modulating the membrane/protein interactions in filamentation control. CaPlc1p encoded by CAPLC1 from the closely related yeast Candida albicans, an orthologue of S. cerevisiae Plc1p, is also included in this group. Like SCPlc1p, CaPlc1p has conserved presumptive catalytic domain, shows PLC activity when expressed in E. coli, and is involved in multiple cellular processes. There are two other gene copies of CAPLC1 in C. albicans, CAPLC2 (also named as PIPLC) and CAPLC3. Experiments show CaPlc1p is the only enzyme in C. albicans which functions as PLC. The biological functions of CAPLC2 and CAPLC3 gene products must be clearly different from CaPlc1p, but their exact roles remain unclear. Moreover, CAPLC2 and CAPLC3 gene products are more similar to extracellular bacterial PI-PLC than to the eukaryotic PI-PLC, and they are not included in this subfamily. Pssm-ID: 320037 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 142 Bit Score: 38.38 E-value: 6.92e-03
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| EFh_MICU | cd15900 | EF-hand, calcium binding motif, found in mitochondrial calcium uptake proteins MICU1, MICU2, ... |
503-527 | 8.25e-03 | |||||||
EF-hand, calcium binding motif, found in mitochondrial calcium uptake proteins MICU1, MICU2, MICU3, and similar proteins; This family includes mitochondrial calcium uptake protein MICU1 and its two additional paralogs, MICU2 and MICU3. MICU1 localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). It functions as a gatekeeper of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and regulates MCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, which is essential for maintaining mitochondrial homoeostasis. MICU1 and MICU2 are physically associated within the uniporter complex and are co-expressed across all tissues. They may play non-redundant roles in the regulation of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. At present, the precise molecular function of MICU2 and MICU3 remain unclear. MICU2 may play possible roles in Ca2+ sensing and regulation of MCU, calcium buffering with a secondary impact on transport or assembly and stabilization of MCU. MICU3 likely has a role in mitochondrial calcium handling. All members in this family contains an N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) as well as two evolutionarily conserved canonical Ca2+-binding EF-hands separated by a long stretch of residues predicted to form alpha-helices. Pssm-ID: 320080 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 152 Bit Score: 38.36 E-value: 8.25e-03
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