ATPases associated with a variety of cellular activities; AAA - ATPases associated with a variety of cellular activities. This profile/alignment only detects a fraction of this vast family. The poorly conserved N-terminal helix is missing from the alignment.

                            10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568977373   2417 GIPVIIMGETGCGKT----RLIKFLSDLKRGSVEA------ETMKLVKVHGGTTPSMIYSKVKEAERTAFSnKAQHKLDT 2486
Cdd:smart00382    2 GEVILIVGPPGSGKTtlarALARELGPPGGGVIYIdgedilEEVLDQLLLIIVGGKKASGSGELRLRLALA-LARKLKPD 80

                            90       100       110       120       130
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 568977373   2487 ILFFDEANT-TEAVSCIKEILCDRTVDGEHLHEDSGLHIIAACNPyRKHSQEMILRLES 2544
Cdd:smart00382   81 VLILDEITSlLDAEQEALLLLLEELRLLLLLKSEKNLTVILTTND-EKDLGPALLRRRF 138

Double zinc ribbon; This family consists of a pair of zinc ribbon domains.

                           10        20
                   ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 568977373     3 CPQCGHVSSEKApKFCSECGQKLPSAA 29
Cdd:pfam12773    1 CPNCGHPNPPGA-KFCPACGTPLKPDR 26

Ring finger; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity is intrinsic to the RING domain of c-Cbl and is likely to be a general function of this domain; Various RING fingers exhibit binding activity towards E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (Ubc' s)

                            10        20        30        40
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568977373   3991 CFICHGD-AQDPVCLPCDHVYCLRCIQTWLIPGQMMCPYC 4029
Cdd:smart00184    1 CPICLEEyLKDPVILPCGHTFCRSCIRKWLESGNNTCPIC 40

RING-finger-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones];

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568977373 3922 LFVEHVLLGTesHIPELSPLVTTYVSLLDKCLEEDS-----NLKTcrpFVAVMTtlcdcKDKASKK----FSRFGIQPCF 3992
Cdd:COG5574   150 KFLPTIRLAM--NIPEVISDLTAVALSLDESRLQPIlqpsnNLHT---LFQVIT-----KENLSKKnglpFIPLADYKCF 219

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 568977373 3993 ICHGDAQDPVCLPCDHVYCLRCI-QTWLIPGQMMCPYC 4029
Cdd:COG5574   220 LCLEEPEVPSCTPCGHLFCLSCLlISWTKKKYEFCPLC 257

RING-finger-containing ubiquitin ligase [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones];

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 568977373 3986 FGIQpCFICHGD---AQDPVCLPCDHVYCLRCIQTWLIPGQMMCPYCLTDLP 4034
Cdd:COG5540   322 KGVE-CAICMSNfikNDRLRVLPCDHRFHVGCVDKWLLGYSNKCPVCRTAIP 372

The AAA+ (ATPases Associated with a wide variety of cellular Activities) superfamily represents an ancient group of ATPases belonging to the ASCE (for additional strand, catalytic E) division of the P-loop NTPase fold. The ASCE division also includes ABC, RecA-like, VirD4-like, PilT-like, and SF1/2 helicases. Members of the AAA+ ATPases function as molecular chaperons, ATPase subunits of proteases, helicases, or nucleic-acid stimulated ATPases. The AAA+ proteins contain several distinct features in addition to the conserved alpha-beta-alpha core domain structure and the Walker A and B motifs of the P-loop NTPases.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568977373 2419 PVIIMGETGCGKTRLIKFLsdLKRGSVEAETMKLVKVHGGTTPSMIYSKVKEAERTAFSNKAQHKLDTILFFDEANT--- 2495
Cdd:cd00009    21 NLLLYGPPGTGKTTLARAI--ANELFRPGAPFLYLNASDLLEGLVVAELFGHFLVRLLFELAEKAKPGVLFIDEIDSlsr 98

                          90       100       110       120       130
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 568977373 2496 ---TEAVSCIKEILCDRTVDGEhlhedsgLHIIAACNpyRKHSQEMILRLES 2544
Cdd:cd00009    99 gaqNALLRVLETLNDLRIDREN-------VRVIGATN--RPLLGDLDRALYD 141

HC subclass of RING (RING-HC) finger and its variants; The RING finger is a specialized type of Zn-finger of 40 to 60 residues that binds two atoms of zinc. It is defined by the "cross-brace" motif that chelates zinc atoms by eight amino acid residues, typically Cys or His, arranged in a characteristic spacing. Canonical RING motifs have been categorized into two major subclasses, RING-HC (C3HC4-type) and RING-H2 (C3H2C3-type), according to their Cys/His content. There are also many variants of RING fingers. Some have a different Cys/His pattern. Some lack a single Cys or His residue at typical Zn ligand positions, especially, the fourth or eighth zinc ligand is prevalently exchanged for an Asp, which can chelate Zn in a RING finger as well. This family corresponds to the HC subclass of RING (RING-HC) fingers that are characterized by containing C3HC4-type canonical RING-HC fingers or noncanonical RING-HC finger variants, including C4C4-, C3HC3D-, C2H2C4-, and C3HC5-type modified RING-HC fingers. The canonical RING-HC finger has been defined as C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)-H-X(2-3)-C-X2-C-X(4-48)-C-X2-C. It binds two Zn ions in a unique "cross-brace" arrangement, which distinguishes it from tandem zinc fingers and other similar motifs. RING-HC fingers can be found in a group of diverse proteins with a variety of cellular functions, including oncogenesis, development, viral replication, signal transduction, the cell cycle, and apoptosis. Many of them are ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s) that serve as scaffolds for binding to ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s, also referred to as ubiquitin carrier proteins or UBCs) in close proximity to substrate proteins, which enables efficient transfer of ubiquitin from E2 to the substrates.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 568977373 3991 CFICHGDAQDPVCLPCDHVYCLRCIQTWLIPGQMMCPYC 4029
Cdd:cd16449     3 CPICLERLKDPVLLPCGHVFCRECIRRLLESGSIKCPIC 41

first RING finger, HC subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana ORTHRUS and similar proteins; This subfamily includes Arabidopsis thaliana ORTHRUS 1-5. They are E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases that may participate in CpG methylation-dependent transcriptional regulation and/or epigenetic transcriptional silencing. ORTHRUS 1 mediates ubiquitination with the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes UBC11, UBC8 and UBC8 homologs (e.g. UBC10, UBC11, UBC28 and UBC29) but not with UBC27, UBC30, UBC32, UBC34 and UBC36. ORTHRUS 2 and 5 mediate ubiquitination with the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC11. ORTHRUS 1 and 2 promote methylation-mediated gene silencing leading, for example, to early flowering. They can bind to CpG, CpNpG, and CpNpN DNA motifs, with a strong preference for methylated forms, and with highest affinity for CpG substrates. Members of this subfamily contain two typical C3HC4-type RING-HC fingers. This model corresponds to the first one.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 568977373 3991 CFICHGDAQDPVCLPCDHVYCLRCIQTWLIPGQMMCPYCLTDLP 4034
Cdd:cd23138     5 CSFCMQLPERPVTTPCGHNFCLKCFQKWMGQGKKTCGTCRSPIP 48

ATPases associated with a variety of cellular activities; AAA - ATPases associated with a variety of cellular activities. This profile/alignment only detects a fraction of this vast family. The poorly conserved N-terminal helix is missing from the alignment.

                            10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568977373   2417 GIPVIIMGETGCGKT----RLIKFLSDLKRGSVEA------ETMKLVKVHGGTTPSMIYSKVKEAERTAFSnKAQHKLDT 2486
Cdd:smart00382    2 GEVILIVGPPGSGKTtlarALARELGPPGGGVIYIdgedilEEVLDQLLLIIVGGKKASGSGELRLRLALA-LARKLKPD 80

                            90       100       110       120       130
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 568977373   2487 ILFFDEANT-TEAVSCIKEILCDRTVDGEHLHEDSGLHIIAACNPyRKHSQEMILRLES 2544
Cdd:smart00382   81 VLILDEITSlLDAEQEALLLLLEELRLLLLLKSEKNLTVILTTND-EKDLGPALLRRRF 138

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 62 (TRIM62) and similar proteins; TRIM62, also known as Ductal Epithelium Associated Ring Chromosome 1 (DEAR1), is a cytoplasmic E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that was identified as a dominant regulator of acinar morphogenesis in the mammary gland. It is implicated in the inflammatory response of immune cells by regulating the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway, leading to increased activity of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor in primary macrophages. It is also involved in muscular protein homeostasis, especially during inflammation-induced atrophy, and may play a role in the pathogenesis of ICU-acquired weakness (ICUAW) by activating and maintaining inflammation in myocytes. Moreover, TRIM62 facilitates K27-linked poly-ubiquitination of CARD9 and also regulates CARD9-mediated anti-fungal immunity and intestinal inflammation. It also functions as a chromosome 1p35 tumor suppressor and negatively regulates transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta)-driven epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by binding to and promoting the ubiquitination of SMAD3, a major effector of TGFbeta-mediated EMT. TRIM62 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568977373 3991 CFICHGDAQDPVCLPCDHVYCLRCIQT-WLIPGQMMCPYC 4029
Cdd:cd16608     9 CSICLSIYQDPVSLGCEHYFCRQCITEhWSRSEHRDCPEC 48

RING-finger-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones];

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568977373 3922 LFVEHVLLGTesHIPELSPLVTTYVSLLDKCLEEDS-----NLKTcrpFVAVMTtlcdcKDKASKK----FSRFGIQPCF 3992
Cdd:COG5574   150 KFLPTIRLAM--NIPEVISDLTAVALSLDESRLQPIlqpsnNLHT---LFQVIT-----KENLSKKnglpFIPLADYKCF 219

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 568977373 3993 ICHGDAQDPVCLPCDHVYCLRCI-QTWLIPGQMMCPYC 4029
Cdd:COG5574   220 LCLEEPEVPSCTPCGHLFCLSCLlISWTKKKYEFCPLC 257

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 151 (RNF151) and similar proteins; RNF151 is a testis-specific RING finger protein that interacts with dysbindin, a synaptic and microtubular protein that binds brain snapin, a SNARE-binding protein that mediates intracellular membrane fusion in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Thus, it may be involved in acrosome formation of spermatids by interacting with multiple proteins participating in membrane biogenesis and microtubule organization. RNF151 contains a C3HC4-type RING finger domain, a putative nuclear localization signal (NLS), and a TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF)-type zinc finger domain.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 568977373 3991 CFICHGDAQDPVCLPCDHVYCLRCIQTWLiPGQMMCPYCLTDL 4033
Cdd:cd16547     6 CSICHGVLRCPVRLSCSHIFCKKCILQWL-KRQETCPCCRKEV 47

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger and transmembrane domain-containing protein RNFT1, RNFT2, and similar proteins; Both RNFT1 and RNFT2 are multi-pass membrane proteins containing a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. Their biological roles remain unclear.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 568977373 3991 CFICHGDAQDPVCLPCDHVYCLRCIQTWLiPGQMMCPYC 4029
Cdd:cd16532     3 CPICQDEFKDPVVLRCKHIFCEDCVSEWF-ERERTCPLC 40

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana RING membrane-anchor proteins (AtRMAs) and similar proteins; AtRMAs, including AtRma1, AtRma2, and AtRma3, are endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized Arabidopsis homologs of human outer membrane of the ER-anchor E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, RING finger protein 5 (RNF5). AtRMAs possess E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, and may play a role in the growth and development of Arabidopsis. The AtRMA1 and AtRMA3 genes are predominantly expressed in major tissues, such as cotyledons, leaves, shoot-root junction, roots, and anthers, while AtRMA2 expression is restricted to the root tips and leaf hydathodes. AtRma1 probably functions with the Ubc4/5 subfamily of E2. AtRma2 is likely involved in the cellular regulation of ABP1 expression levels through interacting with auxin binding protein 1 (ABP1). AtRMA proteins contain an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and a trans-membrane-anchoring domain in their extreme C-terminal region.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 568977373 3991 CFICHGDAQDPVCLPCDHVYCLRCIQTWL--IPGQMMCPYC 4029
Cdd:cd16745     3 CNICLDLAQDPVVTLCGHLFCWPCLHKWLrrQSSQPECPVC 43

Variant RING finger, HC subclass (C4C4-type), found in retinoblastoma-binding protein 6 (RBBP6) and similar proteins; RBBP6, also known as proliferation potential-related protein, protein P2P-R, retinoblastoma-binding Q protein 1 (RBQ-1), or p53-associated cellular protein of testis (PACT), is a nuclear E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in multiple processes, such as the control of gene expression, mitosis, cell differentiation, and cell apoptosis. It plays a role in both promoting and inhibiting apoptosis in many human cancers, including esophageal, lung, hepatocellular, and colon cancers, familial myeloproliferative neoplasms, as well as in human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). It functions as an Rb- and p53-binding protein that plays an important role in chaperone-mediated ubiquitination and possibly in protein quality control. It acts as a scaffold protein to promote the assembly of the p53/TP53-MDM2 complex, resulting in an increase of MDM2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of p53/TP53, and leading to both apoptosis and cell growth. It is also a double-stranded RNA-binding protein that plays a role in mRNA processing by regulating the human polyadenylation machinery and modulating expression of mRNAs with AU-rich 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). Moreover, RBBP6 ubiquitinates and destabilizes the transcriptional repressor ZBTB38 that negatively regulates transcription and levels of the MCM10 replication factor on chromatin. Furthermore, RBBP6 is involved in tunicamycin-induced apoptosis by mediating protein kinase (PKR) activation. RBBP6 contains an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain and a C4C4-type RING finger, whose overall folding is similar to that of the typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. RBBP6 interacts with chaperones Hsp70 and Hsp40 through its N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain. It promotes the ubiquitination of p53 by Hdm2 in an E4-like manner through its RING finger. It also interacts directly with the pro-proliferative transcription factor Y-box-binding protein-1 (YB-1) via its RING finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568977373 3991 CFICHGDAQDPVCLPC-DHVYCLRCIQTWLIPGQMMCPYC 4029
Cdd:cd16620     6 CPICKDLMKDAVLTPCcGNSFCDECIRTALLEEDFTCPTC 45

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 141 (RNF141) and similar proteins; RNF141, also known as zinc finger protein 230 (ZNF230), is a RING finger protein present primarily in the nuclei of spermatogonia, the acrosome, and the tail of spermatozoa. It may have a broad function during early development of vertebrates. It plays an important role in spermatogenesis, including spermatogenic cell proliferation and sperm maturation, as well as motility and fertilization. It also exhibits DNA binding activity. RNF141/ZNF230 gene mutations may be associated with azoospermia. RNF141 contains a C3HC4-type RING finger domain that may function as an activator module in transcription.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 568977373 3991 CFICHgDAQDPVCLPCDHVYCLRCIQTWLIpGQMMCPYC 4029
Cdd:cd16545     3 CCICM-DRKADLILPCAHSYCQKCIDKWSD-RHRTCPIC 39

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 39 (TRIM39) and similar proteins; TRIM39, also known as RING finger protein 23 (RNF23) or testis-abundant finger protein, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays a role in controlling DNA damage-induced apoptosis through inhibition of the anaphase promoting complex (APC/C), a multiprotein ubiquitin ligase that controls multiple cell cycle regulators, including cyclins, geminin, and others. TRIM39 also functions as a regulator of several key processes in the proliferative cycle. It directly regulates p53 stability. It modulates cell cycle progression and DNA damage responses via stabilizing p21. Moreover, TRIM39 negatively regulates the nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB)-mediated signaling pathway through stabilization of Cactin, an inhibitor of NFkappaB- and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated transcription, which is induced by inflammatory stimulants such as tumor necrosis factor alpha. Furthermore, TRIM39 is a MOAP-1-binding protein that can promote apoptosis signaling through stabilization of MOAP-1 via the inhibition of its poly-ubiquitination process. TRIM39 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 568977373 3991 CFICHGDAQDPVCLPCDHVYCLRCIQTWL--IPGQMMCPYC 4029
Cdd:cd16601     4 CSLCKEYLKDPVIIECGHNFCRACITRFWeeLDGDFPCPQC 44

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 11 (RNF11) and similar proteins; RNF11 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that acts both as an adaptor and a modulator of itch-mediated control of ubiquitination events underlying membrane traffic. It acts downstream of an enzymatic cascade for the ubiquitination of specific substrates. It is also a molecular adaptor of homologous to E6-associated protein C-terminus (HECT)-type ligases. RNF11 has been implicated in the regulation of several signaling pathways. It enhances transforming growth factor receptor (TGFR) signaling by both abrogating Smurf2-mediated receptor ubiquitination and by promoting the Smurf2-mediated degradation of AMSH (associated molecule with the SH3 domain of STAM), a de-ubiquitinating enzyme that enhances TGF-beta signaling and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) endosomal recycling. It also acts directly on Smad4 to enhance Smad4 function, and plays a role in prolonged TGF-beta signaling. RNF11 also functions as a critical component of the A20 ubiquitin-editing protein complex that negatively regulates tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation. It interacts with Smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA) and the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-0 complex, thus participating in the regulation of lysosomal degradation of EGFR. RNF11 acts as a novel GGA cargo actively participating in regulating the ubiquitination of the GGA protein family. RNF11 functions together with TAX1BP1 to target TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)/IkappaB kinase IKKi, and further restricts antiviral signaling and type I interferon (IFN)-beta production. RNF11 contains an N-terminal PPPY motif that binds WW domain-containing proteins such as AIP4/itch, Nedd4 and Smurf1/2 (SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 1/2), and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger that functions as a scaffold for the coordinated transfer of ubiquitin to substrate proteins together with the E2 enzymes UbcH527 and Ubc13.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 568977373 3991 CFICHGD--AQDPV-CLPCDHVYCLRCIQTWLIPgQMMCPYCL 4030
Cdd:cd16468     2 CVICMADfvVGDPIrYLPCMHIYHVDCIDDWLMR-SFTCPSCM 43

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 207 (RNF207) and similar proteins; RNF207 is a cardiac-specific E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays an important role in the regulation of cardiac repolarization. It regulates action potential duration, likely via effects on human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) trafficking and localization in a heat shock protein-dependent manner. RNF207 contains a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox 1 and Bbox C-terminal (BBC) domain, as well as a C-terminal non-homologous region (CNHR).

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 568977373 3991 CFICHGDAQDPVCLPCDHVYCLRCIQTWLIPGQMMCPYC 4029
Cdd:cd16558     4 CYLCHEQYEHPCLLDCYHTFCASCLRGRAADGRLTCPLC 42

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger and transmembrane domain-containing protein 2(RNFT2); RNFT2, also known as transmembrane protein 118 (TMEM118), is a multi-pass membrane protein containing a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. Its biological role remains unclear.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 568977373 3991 CFICHGDAQDPVCLPCDHVYCLRCIQTWLiPGQMMCPYC 4029
Cdd:cd16742    16 CAICQAEFREPLILICQHVFCEECLCLWF-DRERTCPLC 53

H2 subclass of RING (RING-H2) fingers and its variants; The RING finger is a specialized type of Zn-finger of 40 to 60 residues that binds two atoms of zinc. It is defined by the "cross-brace" motif that chelates zinc atoms by eight amino acid residues, typically Cys or His, arranged in a characteristic spacing. Canonical RING motifs have been categorized into two major subclasses, RING-HC (C3HC4-type) and RING-H2 (C3H2C3-type), according to their Cys/His content. There are also many variants of RING fingers: some have different Cys/His patterns while some lack a single Cys or His residue at typical Zn ligand positions (the fourth or eighth zinc ligand is prevalently exchanged for an Asp, which can indeed chelate Zn in a RING finger as well). This family corresponds to the H2 subclass of RING (RING-H2) finger proteins that are characterized by containing C3H2C3-type canonical RING-H2 fingers or noncanonical RING-H2 finger variants, including C4HC3- (RING-CH alias RINGv), C3H3C2-, C3H2C2D-, C3DHC3-, and C4HC2H-type modified RING-H2 fingers. The canonical RING-H2 finger has been defined as C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)-H-X(2-3)-H-X2-C-X(4-48)-C-X2-C, X is any amino acid and the number of X residues varies in different fingers. It binds two Zn ions in a unique "cross-brace" arrangement, which distinguishes it from tandem zinc fingers and other similar motifs. RING-H2 finger can be found in a group of diverse proteins with a variety of cellular functions, including oncogenesis, development, viral replication, signal transduction, the cell cycle and apoptosis. Many of them are ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s) that serves as a scaffold for binding to ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s, also referred to as ubiquitin carrier proteins or UBCs) in close proximity to substrate proteins, which enables efficient transfer of ubiquitin from E2 to the substrates.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 568977373 3991 CFICHGDAQDP---VCLPCDHVYCLRCIQTWLIPGQMMCPYC 4029
Cdd:cd16448     1 CVICLEEFEEGdvvRLLPCGHVFHLACILRWLESGNNTCPLC 42

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae increased recombination centers protein 20 (IRC20) and similar proteins; IRC20 is an uncharacterized ATP-dependent helicase that is probably involved in a pathway contributing to genomic integrity. IRC20 contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 568977373 3991 CFICHGDAQDPVCLPCDHVYCLRCIQTWLiPGQMMCPYC 4029
Cdd:cd23135     6 CSICFSEIRSGAILKCGHFFCLSCIASWL-REKSTCPLC 43

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 5 (RNF5) and similar proteins; RNF5, also known as protein G16 or Ram1, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase anchored to the outer membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It acts at early stages of cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) biosynthesis and functions as a target for therapeutic modalities to antagonize mutant CFTR proteins in CF patients carrying the F508del allele. It also regulates the turnover of specific G protein-coupled receptors by ubiquitinating JNK-associated membrane protein (JAMP) and preventing proteasome recruitment. RNF5 limits basal levels of autophagy and influences susceptibility to bacterial infection through the regulation of ATG4B stability. It is also involved in the degradation of Pendrin, a transmembrane chloride/anion exchanger highly expressed in thyroid, kidney, and inner ear. RNF5 plays an important role in cell adhesion and migration. It can modulate cell migration by ubiquitinating paxillin. Furthermore, RNF5 interacts with virus-induced signaling adaptor (VISA) at mitochondria in a viral infection-dependent manner, and further targets VISA at K362 and K461 for K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation after viral infection. It also negatively regulates virus-triggered signaling by targeting MITA, also known as STING, for ubiquitination and degradation at the mitochondria. In addition, RNF5 determines breast cancer response to ER stress-inducing chemotherapies through the regulation of the L-glutamine carrier proteins SLC1A5 and SLC38A2 (SLC1A5/38A2). It also has been implicated in muscle organization and in recognition and processing of misfolded proteins. RNF5 contains a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 568977373 3991 CFICHGDAQDPVCLPCDHVYCLRCIQTWL--IPGQMMCPYC 4029
Cdd:cd16743     3 CNICLETARDAVVSLCGHLFCWPCLHQWLetRPERQECPVC 43

zinc finger of C3HC4-type, RING; This is a family of primate-specific Ret finger protein-like (RFPL) zinc-fingers of the C3HC4 type. Ret finger protein-like proteins are primate-specific target genes of Pax6, a key transcription factor for pancreas, eye and neocortex development. This domain is likely to be DNA-binding. This zinc-finger domain together with the RDM domain, pfam11002, forms a large zinc-finger structure of the RING/U-Box superfamily. RING-containing proteins are known to exert an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase activity with the zinc-finger structure being mandatory for binding to the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 568977373  3991 CFICHGDAQDPVCLPCDHVYCLRCIQTW---LIPGQMMCPYC 4029
Cdd:pfam15227    1 CPICLDYLEKPVSIECGHSFCLSCINSLqkePDGESLLCPQC 42

Zinc finger, C3HC4 type (RING finger); The C3HC4 type zinc-finger (RING finger) is a cysteine-rich domain of 40 to 60 residues that coordinates two zinc ions, and has the consensus sequence: C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)-H-X(2-3)-C-X2-C-X(4-48)-C-X2-C where X is any amino acid. Many proteins containing a RING finger play a key role in the ubiquitination pathway.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568977373  3991 CFICHGDAQDPVC-LPCDHVYCLRCIQTWLIPGQMMCPYC 4029
Cdd:pfam00097    1 CPICLEEPKDPVTlLPCGHLFCSKCIRSWLESGNVTCPLC 40

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing proteins, TRIM7, TRIM11 and TRIM27, and similar proteins; TRIM7, TRIM11 and TRIM27, closely related tripartite motif-containing proteins, belong to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a SPRY/B30.2 domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. TRIM7, also known as glycogenin-interacting protein (GNIP) or RING finger protein 90 (RNF90), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates c-Jun/AP-1 activation by Ras signalling. Its phosphorylation and activation by MSK1 in response to direct activation by the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway can stimulate TRIM7 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in mediating Lys63-linked ubiquitination of the AP-1 coactivator RACO-1, leading to RACO-1 protein stabilization. Moreover, TRIM7 binds and activates glycogenin, the self-glucosylating initiator of glycogen biosynthesis. TRIM11, also known as protein BIA1, or RING finger protein 92 (RNF92), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the development of the central nervous system. It is overexpressed in high-grade gliomas and promotes proliferation, invasion, migration and glial tumor growth. TRIM11 acts as a potential therapeutic target for congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) by mediating the degradation of CCHS-associated polyalanine-expanded Phox2b. TRIM11 modulates the function of neurogenic transcription factor Pax6 through the ubiquitin-proteosome system, and thus plays an essential role for Pax6-dependent neurogenesis. It also binds to and destabilizes a key component of the activator-mediated cofactor complex (ARC105), humanin, a neuroprotective peptide against Alzheimer's disease-relevant insults, and further regulates ARC105 function in transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling. Moreover, TRIM11 negatively regulates retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-mediated interferon-beta (IFNbeta) production and antiviral activity by targeting TANK-binding kinase-1 (TBK1). It may contribute to the endogenous restriction of retroviruses in cells. It enhances N-tropic murine leukemia virus (N-MLV) entry by interfering with Ref1 restriction. It also suppresses the early steps of human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 transduction, resulting in decreased reverse transcripts. TRIM27, also known as RING finger protein 76 (RNF76), RET finger protein (RFP), or zinc finger protein RFP, is a nuclear E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is highly expressed in testis and in various tumor cell lines. Expression of TRIM27 is associated with prognosis of colon and endometrial cancers. TRIM27 was first identified as a fusion partner of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase. It functions as a transcriptional repressor and associates with several proteins involved in transcriptional activity, such as enhancer of polycomb 1 (Epc1), a member of the Polycomb group proteins, and Mi-2beta, a main component of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex, and the cell cycle regulator retinoblastoma protein (RB1). It also interacts with HDAC1, leading to downregulation of thioredoxin binding protein 2 (TBP-2), which inhibits the function of thioredoxin. Moreover, TRIM27 mediates Pax7-induced ubiquitination of MyoD in skeletal muscle atrophy. In addition, it inhibits muscle differentiation by modulating serum response factor (SRF) and Epc1. TRIM27 promotes a non-canonical polyubiquitination of PTEN, a lipid phosphatase that catalyzes PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 (PIP3) to PtdIns(4,5)P2 (PIP2). It is an IKKepsilon-interacting protein that regulates IkappaB kinase (IKK) function and negatively regulates signaling involved in the antiviral response and inflammation. TRIM27 also forms a protein complex with MBD4 or MBD2 or MBD3, and thus plays an important role in the enhancement of transcriptional repression through MBD proteins in tumorigenesis, spermatogenesis, and embryogenesis. It is a component of an estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) regulatory complex that is involved in estrogen receptor-mediated transcription in MCF-7 cells.

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gi 568977373 3991 CFICHGDAQDPVCLPCDHVYCLRCI-QTWLIPGQ-MMCPYC 4029
Cdd:cd16594     8 CPICLDYFTDPVTLDCGHSFCRACIaRCWEEPETsASCPQC 48

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 112 (RNF112) and similar proteins; RNF112, also known as brain finger protein (BFP), zinc finger protein 179 (ZNF179), or neurolastin, is a peripheral membrane protein that is predominantly expressed in the central nervous system and localizes to endosomes. It contains functional GTPase and C3HC4-type RING-HC finger domains and has been identified as a brain-specific dynamin family GTPase that affects endosome size and spine density. Moreover, RNF112 acts as a downstream target of sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) regulation and may play a novel role in neuroprotection by mediating the neuroprotective effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfated analog (DHEAS).

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gi 568977373 3991 CFICHGDAQDPVCLPCDHVYCLRCIQTWLIPGQMM--CPYC 4029
Cdd:cd16538     5 CSICLERLREPISLDCGHDFCIRCFSTHRIPGCEPpcCPEC 45

RING finger (Really Interesting New Gene) domain and U-box domain superfamily; The RING finger is a specialized type of Zn-finger of 40 to 60 residues that binds two atoms of zinc. It is defined by the "cross-brace" motif that chelates zinc atoms by eight amino acid residues, typically Cys or His, arranged in a characteristic spacing. Canonical RING motifs have been categorized into two major subclasses, RING-HC (C3HC4-type) and RING-H2 (C3H2C3-type), according to their Cys/His content. There are also many variants of RING fingers: some have different Cys/His patterns while some lack a single Cys or His residue at typical Zn ligand positions (the fourth or eighth zinc ligand is prevalently exchanged for an Asp, which can indeed chelate Zn in a RING finger as well). C4C4-, C3HC3D-, C2H2C4-, and C3HC5-type RING fingers are closely related to RING-HC fingers. In contrast, C4HC3- (RING-CH alias RINGv), C3H3C2-, C3H2C2D-, C3DHC3-, and C4HC2H-type RING fingers are more closely related to RING-H2 fingers. However, not all RING finger-containing proteins display regular RING finger features, and the RING finger family has turned out to be multifarious. The degenerate RING fingers of the Siz/PIAS RING (SP-RING) family proteins and sporulation protein RMD5, are characterized by lacking the second, fifth, and sixth Zn2+ ion-coordinating residues. They bind only one Zn2+ ion. On the other hand, the RING fingers of the human APC11 and RBX1 proteins can bind a third Zn atom since they harbor four additional Zn ligands. U-box is a modified form of the RING finger domain that lacks metal chelating Cys and His residues. It resembles the cross-brace RING structure consisting of three beta-sheets and a single alpha-helix, which would be stabilized by salt bridges instead of chelated metal ions. U-box proteins are widely distributed among eukaryotic organisms and show a higher prevalence in plants than in other organisms. RING finger/U-box-containing proteins are a group of diverse proteins with a variety of cellular functions, including oncogenesis, development, viral replication, signal transduction, the cell cycle and apoptosis. Many of them are ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s) that serve as scaffolds for binding to ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s, also referred to as ubiquitin carrier proteins or UBCs) in close proximity to substrate proteins, which enable efficient transfer of ubiquitin from E2 to the substrates.

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gi 568977373 3991 CFICH---GDAQDPVCLPCDHVYCLRCIQTWLIPGQMMCPYC 4029
Cdd:cd00162     1 CPICReemNDRRPVVLLSCGHTFSRSAIARWLEGSKQKCPFC 42

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 138 (RNF138) and similar proteins; RNF138, also known as Nemo-like kinase-associated RING finger protein (NARF) or NLK-associated RING finger protein, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays an important role in glioma cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle. It specifically cooperates with the E2 conjugating enzyme E2-25K (Hip-2/UbcH1), regulates the ubiquitylation and degradation of T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF), and further suppresses Wnt-beta-catenin signaling. RNF138, together with three closely related proteins: RNF114, RNF125 and RNF166, forms a novel family of ubiquitin ligases with a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a C2HC-, and two C2H2-type zinc fingers, as well as a ubiquitin interacting motif (UIM).

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gi 568977373 3991 CFICHGDAQDPVCL-PCDHVYCLRCIQTWLIPGQMMCPYC 4029
Cdd:cd16544     5 CPVCQEVLKDPVELpPCRHIFCKACILLALRSSGARCPLC 44

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana RING-H2 finger A1a (RHA1A), A1b (RHA1B) and similar proteins; This subfamily includes Arabidopsis thaliana RHA1A, RHA1B and XERICO. RHA1A is a probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that may possess E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro. RHA1B possesses E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity when associated with the E2 enzyme UBC8 in vitro. XERICO functions on abscisic acid homeostasis at post-translational level, probably through ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent substrate-specific degradation. Members of this subfamily contain a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

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gi 568977373 3991 CFICHGDAQD---PVCLP-CDHVYCLRCIQTWLIPGQMMCPYCLTDL 4033
Cdd:cd23121     4 CAICLSDFNSdekLRQLPkCGHIFHHHCLDRWIRYNKITCPLCRADL 50

RING-finger-containing ubiquitin ligase [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones];

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gi 568977373 3986 FGIQpCFICHGD---AQDPVCLPCDHVYCLRCIQTWLIPGQMMCPYCLTDLP 4034
Cdd:COG5540   322 KGVE-CAICMSNfikNDRLRVLPCDHRFHVGCVDKWLLGYSNKCPVCRTAIP 372

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 170 (RNF170) and similar proteins; RNF170, also known as putative LAG1-interacting protein, is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination-dependent degradation of type-I inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (ITPR1) via the endoplasmic-reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway. A point mutation (arginine to cysteine at position 199) in the RNF170 gene is linked with autosomal-dominant sensory ataxia (ADSA), a disease characterized by neurodegeneration in the posterior columns of the spinal cord. RNF170 contains a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

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gi 568977373 3991 CFICHGDAQDPVCLPCDHVYCLRCIQT------WLipGQMMCPYC 4029
Cdd:cd16553     4 CPICLQDARFPVETNCGHLFCGPCIITywrhgsWL--GAVSCPVC 46

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (Equine herpesvirus 1/EHV-1) regulatory protein and similar proteins; EHV-1 regulatory protein belongs to the Vmw110 (IPC0) protein family. It contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and binds zinc stably.

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gi 568977373 3990 PCFICHGDAQD-PVCLPCDHVYCLRCIQTWL 4019
Cdd:cd23130     2 VCPICLDDPEDeAITLPCLHQFCYTCILRWL 32

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in DAZ (deleted in azoospermia)-interacting protein 3 (DZIP3) and similar proteins; DZIP3, also known as RNA-binding ubiquitin ligase of 138 kDa (RUL138) or 2A-HUB protein, is an RNA-binding E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) and acts as a transcriptional coactivator of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha. It is also a histone H2A ubiquitin ligase that catalyzes monoubiquitination of H2A at lysine 119, functioning as a combinatorial component of the repression machinery required for repressing a specific chemokine gene expression program, critically modulating migratory responses to Toll-like receptors (TLR) activation. DZIP3 contains a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger at the C-terminus.

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gi 568977373 3989 QPCFICHGDAQDP---VCLPCDHVYCLRCIQTWLIpGQMMCPYC 4029
Cdd:cd16460     1 TPCVICHEAFSDGdrlLVLPCAHKFHTQCIGPWLD-GQQTCPTC 43

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Caenorhabditis elegans BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1 (CeBARD1) and similar proteins; CeBARD1, also called Ce-BRD-1, Cebrd-1, or RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase BARD1, is a constituent of the CeBCD complex that possesses E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity. It plays a role in triggering cellular responses at damage sites in response to DNA damage that may be induced by ionizing radiation. It protects against chromosome non-disjunction and nuclear fragmentation during meiotic double-strand break repair to ensure sister chromatid recombination and aid chromosome stability. CeBARD1 contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

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gi 568977373 3988 IQPCFICHGDAQDPVCLP-CDHVYCLRCIqTWLIPGQMMCPYCLTDL 4033
Cdd:cd23143     1 LIECVICSEPQIDTFLLSsCGHIYCWECF-TEFIEKRHMCPSCRFPL 46

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein TRIM2, TRIM3, and similar proteins; TRIM2, also known as RING finger protein 86 (RNF86), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that ubiquitinates the neurofilament light chain, a component of the intermediate filament in axons. Loss of function of TRIM2 results in early-onset axonal neuropathy. TRIM3, also known as brain-expressed RING finger protein (BERP), RING finger protein 97 (RNF97), or RING finger protein 22 (RNF22), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the pathogenesis of various cancers. It also plays an important role in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, TRIM3 may be involved in vesicular trafficking via its association with the cytoskeleton-associated-recycling or transport (CART) complex that is necessary for efficient transferrin receptor recycling, but not for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) degradation. Both TRIM2 and TRIM3 belong to the C-VII subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif)-NHL family that is defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil domain, as well as a NHL (named after proteins NCL-1, HT2A and Lin-41 that contain repeats folded into a six-bladed beta propeller) repeat domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

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gi 568977373 3991 CFICHGDAQDPVCLPCDHVYCLRCIQTWlIPGQMM---CPYC 4029
Cdd:cd16586     4 CGICLERYKNPKVLPCLHTFCERCLQNY-IPAESLslsCPVC 44

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (Cbl) proteins; The Cbl adaptor protein family contains a small class of RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases with oncogenic activity, which is represented by three mammalian members, c-Cbl, Cbl-b and Cbl-c, as well as two invertebrate Cbl-family proteins, D-Cbl in Drosophila and Sli-1 in C. elegans. Cbl proteins function as potent negative regulators of various signaling cascades in a wide range of cell types. They play roles in ubiquitinating activated tyrosine kinases and targeting them for degradation. D-Cbl associates with the Drosophila epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and overexpression of D-Cbl in the eye of Drosophila embryos inhibits EGFR-dependent photoreceptor cell development. Sli-1 is a negative regulator of the Let-23 receptor tyrosine kinase, an EGFR homolog, in vulva development. Cbl proteins in this subfamily consist of a highly conserved N-terminal half that includes a tyrosine-kinase-binding domain (TKB, also known as the phosphotyrosine binding PTB domain, composed of a four helix-bundle, a Ca2+ binding EF-hand and a highly variant SH2 domain) and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, both of which are required for Cbl-mediated downregulation of RTKs, and a divergent C-terminal region.

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gi 568977373 3989 QPCFICHGDAQDPVCLPCDHVYCLRCIQTWLIPGQMMCPYC 4029
Cdd:cd16502     2 QLCKICAENDKDVRIEPCGHLLCTPCLTSWQDSDGQTCPFC 42

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing proteins TRIM9, TRIM67, and similar proteins; Tripartite motif-containing proteins TRIM9 and TRIM67 belong to the C-I subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, consisting of three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a COS (carboxyl-terminal subgroup one signature) box, a fibronectin type III (FN3) domain, and a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. TRIM9 (the human ortholog of rat Spring), also known as RING finger protein 91 (RNF91), is a brain-specific E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase collaborating with an E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBCH5b. TRIM9 plays an important role in the regulation of neuronal functions and participates in neurodegenerative disorders through its ligase activity. TRIM67, also known as TRIM9-like protein (TNL), is a protein selectively expressed in the cerebellum. It interacts with PRG-1, an important molecule in the control of hippocampal excitability dependent on presynaptic LPA2 receptor signaling, and 80K-H, also known as glucosidase II beta, a protein kinase C substrate.

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gi 568977373 3991 CFICHGDAQDPVCLPCDHVYCLRCIQTWlipgQMMCPYC 4029
Cdd:cd16576     6 CPVCGSLFTEPVILPCSHNLCLGCALNI----QLTCPIC 40

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC3D-type), found in neuregulin receptor degradation protein-1 (Nrdp1) and similar proteins; Nrdp1 (referred to as FLRF in mice), also known as RING finger protein 41 (RNF41), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays a critical role in the regulation of cell growth and apoptosis, inflammation and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiac injury. It promotes the degradation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB) family member, ErbB3, which is independent of growth factor stimulation. It also promotes M2 macrophage polarization by ubiquitinating and activating transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta) via Lys-63-linked ubiquitination. Moreover, Nrdp1 interacts with and modulates the activity of Parkin, a causative protein for early onset recessive juvenile parkinsonism (AR-JP). It also interacts with ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8), which is involved in trafficking of various transmembrane proteins. Furthermore, Nrdp1 inhibits basal lysosomal degradation and enhances ectodomain shedding of JAK2-associated cytokine receptors. Its phosphorylation by the kinase Par-1b (also known as MARK2) is required for epithelial cell polarity. Nrdp1 contains an N-terminal modified C3HC3D-type RING-HC finger required for enhancing ErbB3 degradation, a B-box, a coiled-coil domain responsible for Nrdp1 oligomerization, and a C-terminal ErbB3-binding domain.

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gi 568977373 3991 CFICHGDAQDPVCLP-CDHVYCLRCIQTWLiPGQMMCP 4027
Cdd:cd16634     4 CPICSGVLEEPLQAPhCEHAFCNACITEWL-SRQQTCP 40

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger proteins RNF139, RNF145, and similar proteins; RNF139, also known as translocation in renal carcinoma on chromosome 8 protein (TRC8), is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident multi-transmembrane protein that functions as a potent growth suppressor in mammalian cells, inducing G2/M arrest, decreased DNA synthesis and increased apoptosis. It is a tumor suppressor that has been implicated in a novel regulatory relationship linking the cholesterol/lipid biosynthetic pathway with cellular growth control. A mutation in RNF139 has been identified in families with hereditary renal (RCC) and thyroid cancers. RNF145 is an uncharacterized RING finger protein encoded by the RNF145 gene, which is expressed in T lymphocytes, and its expression is altered in acute myelomonocytic and acute promyelocytic leukemias. Although its biological function remains unclear, RNF145 shows high sequence similarity with RNF139. Both RNF139 and RNF145 contain a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger with possible E3-ubiquitin ligase activity.

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gi 568977373 3991 CFICHGDAQDPVCLPCDHVYCLRCIQTWLIPgQMMCPYC 4029
Cdd:cd16476     3 CAICYQEMKEARITPCNHFFHGLCLRKWLYV-QDTCPLC 40

first RING finger, HC subclass, found in the LON peptidase N-terminal domain and RING finger protein family; The LON peptidase N-terminal domain and RING finger protein family includes LONRF1 (also known as RING finger protein 191 or RNF191), LONRF2 (also known as RING finger protein 192, RNF192, or neuroblastoma apoptosis-related protease), LONRF3 (also known as RING finger protein 127 or RNF127), which are characterized by containing two C3HC4-type RING-HC fingers, four tetratricopeptide (TPR) repeats, and an ATP-dependent protease La (LON) substrate-binding domain at the C-terminus. Their biological functions remain unclear. This model corresponds to the first RING-HC finger.

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gi 568977373 3991 CFICHGDAQDPVCLPCDHVYCLRCIQ 4016
Cdd:cd16513     5 CPLCRGLLFEPVTLPCGHTFCKRCLE 30