Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins; SH2 domain found in SOCS proteins. SOCS was first recognized as a group of cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS) domain proteins comprising eight family members in human (CIS and SOCS1-SOCS7). In addition to the SH2 domain, SOCS proteins have a variable N-terminal domain and a conserved SOCS box in the C-terminal domain. SOCS proteins bind to a substrate via their SH2 domain. The prototypical members, CIS and SOCS1-SOCS3, have been shown to regulate growth hormone signaling in vitro and in a classic negative feedback response compete for binding at phosphotyrosine sites in JAK kinase and receptor pathways to displace effector proteins and target bound receptors for proteasomal degradation. Loss of SOCS activity results in excessive cytokine signaling associated with a variety of hematopoietic, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases and certain cancers. Members (SOCS4-SOCS7) were identified by their conserved SOCS box, an adapter motif of 3 helices that associates substrate binding domains, such as the SOCS SH2 domain, ankryin, and WD40 with ubiquitin ligase components. These show limited cytokine induction. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568972282 422 AASLRELEKCGWYWGPMNWEDAEMKLKGKPDGSFLVRDSSDPRYILSLSFRSQGITHHTRMEHYRGTFSLWCHPKFEDRC 501
Cdd:cd10388    1 TASLRELKDCGWYWGPMSWEDAEKVLSNKPDGSFLVRDSSDDRYIFSLSFRSQGSVHHTRIEQYQGTFSLGSRNKFVDRS 80

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|.
gi 568972282 502 QSVVEFIKRAIMHSKNGKFLY 522
Cdd:cd10388   81 QSLVEFIERAVEHSRSGRFLY 101

Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins; SH2 domain found in SOCS proteins. SOCS was first recognized as a group of cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS) domain proteins comprising eight family members in human (CIS and SOCS1-SOCS7). In addition to the SH2 domain, SOCS proteins have a variable N-terminal domain and a conserved SOCS box in the C-terminal domain. SOCS proteins bind to a substrate via their SH2 domain. The prototypical members, CIS and SOCS1-SOCS3, have been shown to regulate growth hormone signaling in vitro and in a classic negative feedback response compete for binding at phosphotyrosine sites in JAK kinase and receptor pathways to displace effector proteins and target bound receptors for proteasomal degradation. Loss of SOCS activity results in excessive cytokine signaling associated with a variety of hematopoietic, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases and certain cancers. Members (SOCS4-SOCS7) were identified by their conserved SOCS box, an adapter motif of 3 helices that associates substrate binding domains, such as the SOCS SH2 domain, ankryin, and WD40 with ubiquitin ligase components. These show limited cytokine induction. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568972282 422 AASLRELEKCGWYWGPMNWEDAEMKLKGKPDGSFLVRDSSDPRYILSLSFRSQGITHHTRMEHYRGTFSLWCHPKFEDRC 501
Cdd:cd10388    1 TASLRELKDCGWYWGPMSWEDAEKVLSNKPDGSFLVRDSSDDRYIFSLSFRSQGSVHHTRIEQYQGTFSLGSRNKFVDRS 80

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|.
gi 568972282 502 QSVVEFIKRAIMHSKNGKFLY 522
Cdd:cd10388   81 QSLVEFIERAVEHSRSGRFLY 101

Src homology 2 domains; Src homology 2 domains bind phosphotyrosine-containing polypeptides via 2 surface pockets. Specificity is provided via interaction with residues that are distinct from the phosphotyrosine. Only a single occurrence of a SH2 domain has been found in S. cerevisiae.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568972282   431 CGWYWGPMNWEDAEMKLKGKPDGSFLVRDSSDPRYILSLSFRSQGITHHTRMEHYR-GTFSLWCHPKFedrcQSVVEFIK 509
Cdd:smart00252   1 QPWYHGFISREEAEKLLKNEGDGDFLVRDSESSPGDYVLSVRVKGKVKHYRIRRNEdGKFYLEGGRKF----PSLVELVE 76

                   ....*...
gi 568972282   510 RaimHSKN 517
Cdd:smart00252  77 H---YQKN 81

SH2 domain;

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 568972282  433 WYWGPMNWEDAEMKLK-GKPDGSFLVRDSSdpRYI--LSLSFRSQGithhtRMEHYR 486
Cdd:pfam00017   1 WYHGKISRQEAERLLLnGKPDGTFLVRESE--STPggYTLSVRDDG-----KVKHYK 50

Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins; SH2 domain found in SOCS proteins. SOCS was first recognized as a group of cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS) domain proteins comprising eight family members in human (CIS and SOCS1-SOCS7). In addition to the SH2 domain, SOCS proteins have a variable N-terminal domain and a conserved SOCS box in the C-terminal domain. SOCS proteins bind to a substrate via their SH2 domain. The prototypical members, CIS and SOCS1-SOCS3, have been shown to regulate growth hormone signaling in vitro and in a classic negative feedback response compete for binding at phosphotyrosine sites in JAK kinase and receptor pathways to displace effector proteins and target bound receptors for proteasomal degradation. Loss of SOCS activity results in excessive cytokine signaling associated with a variety of hematopoietic, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases and certain cancers. Members (SOCS4-SOCS7) were identified by their conserved SOCS box, an adapter motif of 3 helices that associates substrate binding domains, such as the SOCS SH2 domain, ankryin, and WD40 with ubiquitin ligase components. These show limited cytokine induction. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568972282 422 AASLRELEKCGWYWGPMNWEDAEMKLKGKPDGSFLVRDSSDPRYILSLSFRSQGITHHTRMEHYRGTFSLWCHPKFEDRC 501
Cdd:cd10388    1 TASLRELKDCGWYWGPMSWEDAEKVLSNKPDGSFLVRDSSDDRYIFSLSFRSQGSVHHTRIEQYQGTFSLGSRNKFVDRS 80

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|.
gi 568972282 502 QSVVEFIKRAIMHSKNGKFLY 522
Cdd:cd10388   81 QSLVEFIERAVEHSRSGRFLY 101

Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family; SH2 domain found in SOCS proteins. SOCS was first recognized as a group of cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS) domain proteins comprising eight family members in human (CIS and SOCS1-SOCS7). In addition to the SH2 domain, SOCS proteins have a variable N-terminal domain and a conserved SOCS box in the C-terminal domain. SOCS proteins bind to a substrate via their SH2 domain. The prototypical members, CIS and SOCS1-SOCS3, have been shown to regulate growth hormone signaling in vitro and in a classic negative feedback response compete for binding at phosphotyrosine sites in JAK kinase and receptor pathways to displace effector proteins and target bound receptors for proteasomal degradation. Loss of SOCS activity results in excessive cytokine signaling associated with a variety of hematopoietic, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases and certain cancers. Members (SOCS4-SOCS7) were identified by their conserved SOCS box, an adapter motif of 3 helices that associates substrate binding domains, such as the SOCS SH2 domain, ankryin, and WD40 with ubiquitin ligase components. These show limited cytokine induction. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 568972282 432 GWYWGPMNWEDAEMKLKGKPDGSFLVRDSSDPRYILSLSFRSQGITHHTRMEHYRGTFSLWCHPKFEDRCQSVVEFIKR 510
Cdd:cd09923    1 GWYWGGITRYEAEELLAGKPEGTFLVRDSSDSRYLFSVSFRTYGRTLHARIEYSNGRFSFDSSDPSVPRFPCVVELIEH 79

Src homology 2 domains; Src homology 2 domains bind phosphotyrosine-containing polypeptides via 2 surface pockets. Specificity is provided via interaction with residues that are distinct from the phosphotyrosine. Only a single occurrence of a SH2 domain has been found in S. cerevisiae.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568972282   431 CGWYWGPMNWEDAEMKLKGKPDGSFLVRDSSDPRYILSLSFRSQGITHHTRMEHYR-GTFSLWCHPKFedrcQSVVEFIK 509
Cdd:smart00252   1 QPWYHGFISREEAEKLLKNEGDGDFLVRDSESSPGDYVLSVRVKGKVKHYRIRRNEdGKFYLEGGRKF----PSLVELVE 76

                   ....*...
gi 568972282   510 RaimHSKN 517
Cdd:smart00252  77 H---YQKN 81

Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS); CIS family members are known to be cytokine-inducible negative regulators of cytokine signaling. The expression of the CIS gene can be induced by IL2, IL3, GM-CSF and EPO in hematopoietic cells. Proteasome-mediated degradation of this protein has been shown to be involved in the inactivation of the erythropoietin receptor. Suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) was first recognized as a group of cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS) domain proteins comprising eight family members in human (CIS and SOCS1-SOCS7). In addition to the SH2 domain, SOCS proteins have a variable N-terminal domain and a conserved SOCS box in the C-terminal domain. SOCS proteins bind to a substrate via their SH2 domain. The prototypical members, CIS and SOCS1-SOCS3, have been shown to regulate growth hormone signaling in vitro and in a classic negative feedback response compete for binding at phosphotyrosine sites in JAK kinase and receptor pathways to displace effector proteins and target bound receptors for proteasomal degradation. Loss of SOCS activity results in excessive cytokine signaling associated with a variety of hematopoietic, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases and certain cancers. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 568972282 428 LEKCGWYWGPMNWEDAEMKLKGKPDGSFLVRDSSDPRYILSLSFRSQGITHHTRMEHYRGTFSL 491
Cdd:cd10718    1 LRESGWYWGSITASEAHQALQKAPEGTFLVRDSSHPSYMLTLSVKTTRGPTNVRIEYSDGSFRL 64

Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins; SH2 domain found in SOCS proteins. SOCS was first recognized as a group of cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS) domain proteins comprising eight family members in human (CIS and SOCS1-SOCS7). In addition to the SH2 domain, SOCS proteins have a variable N-terminal domain and a conserved SOCS box in the C-terminal domain. SOCS proteins bind to a substrate via their SH2 domain. The prototypical members, CIS and SOCS1-SOCS3, have been shown to regulate growth hormone signaling in vitro and in a classic negative feedback response compete for binding at phosphotyrosine sites in JAK kinase and receptor pathways to displace effector proteins and target bound receptors for proteasomal degradation. Loss of SOCS activity results in excessive cytokine signaling associated with a variety of hematopoietic, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases and certain cancers. Members (SOCS4-SOCS7) were identified by their conserved SOCS box, an adapter motif of 3 helices that associates substrate binding domains, such as the SOCS SH2 domain, ankryin, and WD40 with ubiquitin ligase components. These show limited cytokine induction. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568972282 425 LRELEKCGWYWGPMNWEDAEMKLKGKPDGSFLVRDSSDPRYILSLSFRSQGITHHTRMEHYRGTF---SLWC-HPKFEdR 500
Cdd:cd10383    1 MRELSQTGWYWGSMTVNEAKEKLQDAPEGTFLVRDSSHSDYLLTISVKTSAGPTNLRIEYQDGKFrldSIICvKSKLK-Q 79

                         90
                 ....*....|....*..
gi 568972282 501 CQSVVEFIKRAIMHSKN 517
Cdd:cd10383   80 FDSVVHLIEYYVQMCKD 96

Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins; SH2 domain found in SOCS proteins. SOCS was first recognized as a group of cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS) domain proteins comprising eight family members in human (CIS and SOCS1-SOCS7). In addition to the SH2 domain, SOCS proteins have a variable N-terminal domain and a conserved SOCS box in the C-terminal domain. SOCS proteins bind to a substrate via their SH2 domain. The prototypical members, CIS and SOCS1-SOCS3, have been shown to regulate growth hormone signaling in vitro and in a classic negative feedback response compete for binding at phosphotyrosine sites in JAK kinase and receptor pathways to displace effector proteins and target bound receptors for proteasomal degradation. Loss of SOCS activity results in excessive cytokine signaling associated with a variety of hematopoietic, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases and certain cancers. Members (SOCS4-SOCS7) were identified by their conserved SOCS box, an adapter motif of 3 helices that associates substrate binding domains, such as the SOCS SH2 domain, ankryin, and WD40 with ubiquitin ligase components. These show limited cytokine induction. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568972282 423 ASLRELEKCGWYWGPMNWEDAEMKLKGKPDGSFLVRDSSDPRYILSLSFRSQGITHHTRMEHYRGTFSLWCHPKFEdrcQ 502
Cdd:cd10384    2 NAVRKLQESGFYWSTVSGKEANLLLSAEPAGTFLIRDSSDQRHFFTLSVKTESGTKNLRIQCEGGSFSLQTDPRST---Q 78

                 ....*
gi 568972282 503 SVVEF 507
Cdd:cd10384   79 PVPRF 83

Src homology 2 (SH2) domain; In general, SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction; they bind pTyr-containing polypeptide ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites. They are present in a wide array of proteins including: adaptor proteins (Nck1, Crk, Grb2), scaffolds (Slp76, Shc, Dapp1), kinases (Src, Syk, Fps, Tec), phosphatases (Shp-1, Shp-2), transcription factors (STAT1), Ras signaling molecules (Ras-Gap), ubiquitination factors (c-Cbl), cytoskeleton regulators (Tensin), signal regulators (SAP), and phospholipid second messengers (PLCgamma), amongst others.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 568972282 433 WYWGPMNWEDAEMKLKGKPDGSFLVRDSSDP--RYILSLSFRSQGITHHtRMEHYRGTFSLWCHPKfeDRCQSVVEFIK 509
Cdd:cd00173    2 WFHGSISREEAERLLRGKPDGTFLVRESSSEpgDYVLSVRSGDGKVKHY-LIERNEGGYYLLGGSG--RTFPSLPELVE 77

Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family; SH2 domain found in SOCS proteins. SOCS was first recognized as a group of cytokine-inducible SH2 (CIS) domain proteins comprising eight family members in human (CIS and SOCS1-SOCS7). In addition to the SH2 domain, SOCS proteins have a variable N-terminal domain and a conserved SOCS box in the C-terminal domain. SOCS proteins bind to a substrate via their SH2 domain. The prototypical members, CIS and SOCS1-SOCS3, have been shown to regulate growth hormone signaling in vitro and in a classic negative feedback response compete for binding at phosphotyrosine sites in JAK kinase and receptor pathways to displace effector proteins and target bound receptors for proteasomal degradation. Loss of SOCS activity results in excessive cytokine signaling associated with a variety of hematopoietic, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases and certain cancers. Members (SOCS4-SOCS7) were identified by their conserved SOCS box, an adapter motif of 3 helices that associates substrate binding domains, such as the SOCS SH2 domain, ankryin, and WD40 with ubiquitin ligase components. These show limited cytokine induction. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 568972282 434 YWGPMNWEDAEMKLKGKPDGSFLVRDSSDPRYILSLSFRSQGITHHTRMEHYRGTFSLWCH 494
Cdd:cd10386    3 YWGVMDRYEAEALLEGKPEGTFLLRDSAQEDYLFSVSFRRYNRSLHARIEQWNHNFSFDAH 63

SOCS (suppressors of cytokine signaling) box. The SOCS box is found in the C-terminal region of CIS/SOCS family proteins (in combination with a SH2 domain), ASBs (ankyrin repeat-containing proteins with a SOCS box), SSBs (SPRY domain-containing proteins with a SOCS box), and WSBs (WD40 repeat-containing proteins with a SOCS box), as well as, other miscellaneous proteins. The function of the SOCS box is the recruitment of the ubiquitin-transferase system. The SOCS box interacts with Elongins B and C, Cullin-5 or Cullin-2, Rbx-1, and E2. Therefore, SOCS-box-containing proteins probably function as E3 ubiquitin ligases and mediate the degradation of proteins associated through their N-terminal regions.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 568972282 547 NVKSLQHLCRFRIRQLV---RIDHIPDLPLPKPLISYI 581
Cdd:cd03587    1 NPRSLQHLCRLAIRRCLgkrRLDLIDKLPLPPRLKDYL 38

Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the Vav family; Vav proteins are involved in several processes that require cytoskeletal reorganization, such as the formation of the immunological synapse (IS), phagocytosis, platelet aggregation, spreading, and transformation. Vavs function as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for the Rho/Rac family of GTPases. Vav family members have several conserved motifs/domains including: a leucine-rich region, a leucine-zipper, a calponin homology (CH) domain, an acidic domain, a Dbl-homology (DH) domain, a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, a cysteine-rich domain, 2 SH3 domains, a proline-rich region, and a SH2 domain. Vavs are the only known Rho GEFs that have both the DH/PH motifs and SH2/SH3 domains in the same protein. The leucine-rich helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain is thought to be involved in protein heterodimerization with other HLH proteins and it may function as a negative regulator by forming inactive heterodimers. The CH domain is usually involved in the association with filamentous actin, but in Vav it controls NFAT stimulation, Ca2+ mobilization, and its transforming activity. Acidic domains are involved in protein-protein interactions and contain regulatory tyrosines. The DH domain is a GDP-GTP exchange factor on Rho/Rac GTPases. The PH domain in involved in interactions with GTP-binding proteins, lipids and/or phosphorylated serine/threonine residues. The SH3 domain is involved in localization of proteins to specific sites within the cell interacting with protein with proline-rich sequences. The SH2 domain mediates a high affinity interaction with tyrosine phosphorylated proteins. There are three Vav mammalian family members: Vav1 which is expressed in the hematopoietic system, Vav2 and Vav3 are more ubiquitously expressed. The members here include insect and amphibian Vavs. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 568972282 433 WYWGPMNWEDAEMKLKGKPDGSFLVRDSS--DPRYILSLSFrsQGITHHTRMEH 484
Cdd:cd09940    7 WFVGEMERDTAENRLENRPDGTYLVRVRPqgETQYALSIKY--NGDVKHMKIEQ 58

SOCS box; The SOCS box acts as a bridge between specific substrate- binding domains and more generic proteins that comprise a large family of E3 ubiquitin protein ligases.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 568972282  547 NVKSLQHLCRFRIRQLV---RIDHIPDLPLPKPLISYI 581
Cdd:pfam07525   1 TPRSLQHLCRLAIRRALgkrRLGAIDKLPLPPLLKDYL 38

Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Fyn isoform a like proteins; Fyn is a member of the Src non-receptor type tyrosine kinase family of proteins. This cd contains the SH2 domain found in Fyn isoform a type proteins. Fyn is involved in the control of cell growth and is required in the following pathways: T and B cell receptor signaling, integrin-mediated signaling, growth factor and cytokine receptor signaling, platelet activation, ion channel function, cell adhesion, axon guidance, fertilization, entry into mitosis, and differentiation of natural killer cells, oligodendrocytes and keratinocytes. The protein associates with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and interacts with the Fyn-binding protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms exist. Fyn is primarily localized to the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane. Tyrosine phosphorylation of target proteins by Fyn serves to either regulate target protein activity, and/or to generate a binding site on the target protein that recruits other signaling molecules. FYN has been shown to interact with a number of proteins including: BCAR1, Cbl, Janus kinase, nephrin, Sky, tyrosine kinase, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, and Zap-70. Fyn has a unique N-terminal domain, an SH3 domain, an SH2 domain, a kinase domain and a regulatory tail, as do the other members of the family. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568972282 433 WYWGPMNWEDAEMKL--KGKPDGSFLVRDSSDPRYILSLSFRSQGITHHTRMEHYR------GTFSLWCHPKFEDRCQSV 504
Cdd:cd10418    5 WYFGKLGRKDAERQLlsFGNPRGTFLIRESETTKGAYSLSIRDWDDMKGDHVKHYKirkldnGGYYITTRAQFETLQQLV 84

                 ....*..
gi 568972282 505 VEFIKRA 511
Cdd:cd10418   85 QHYSERA 91

Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Abelson murine lymphosarcoma virus (ABL) proteins; ABL-family proteins are highly conserved tyrosine kinases. Each ABL protein contains an SH3-SH2-TK (Src homology 3-Src homology 2-tyrosine kinase) domain cassette, which confers autoregulated kinase activity and is common among nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. Several types of posttranslational modifications control ABL catalytic activity, subcellular localization, and stability, with consequences for both cytoplasmic and nuclear ABL functions. Binding partners provide additional regulation of ABL catalytic activity, substrate specificity, and downstream signaling. By combining this cassette with actin-binding and -bundling domain, ABL proteins are capable of connecting phosphoregulation with actin-filament reorganization. Vertebrate paralogs, ABL1 and ABL2, have evolved to perform specialized functions. ABL1 includes nuclear localization signals and a DNA binding domain which is used to mediate DNA damage-repair functions, while ABL2 has additional binding capacity for actin and for microtubules to enhance its cytoskeletal remodeling functions. SH2 is involved in several autoinhibitory mechanism that constrain the enzymatic activity of the ABL-family kinases. In one mechanism SH2 and SH3 cradle the kinase domain while a cap sequence stabilizes the inactive conformation resulting in a locked inactive state. Another involves phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) which binds the SH2 domain through residues normally required for phosphotyrosine binding in the linker segment between the SH2 and kinase domains. The SH2 domain contributes to ABL catalytic activity and target site specificity. It is thought that the ABL catalytic site and SH2 pocket have coevolved to recognize the same sequences. Recent work now supports a hierarchical processivity model in which the substrate target site most compatible with ABL kinase domain preferences is phosphorylated with greatest efficiency. If this site is compatible with the ABL SH2 domain specificity, it will then reposition and dock in the SH2 pocket. This mechanism also explains how ABL kinases phosphorylates poor targets on the same substrate if they are properly positioned and how relatively poor substrate proteins might be recruited to ABL through a complex with strong substrates that can also dock with the SH2 pocket. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 568972282 429 EKCGWYWGPMNWEDAEMKLKGKPDGSFLVRDSSDPRYILSLSFRsqgitHHTRMEHYR 486
Cdd:cd09935    1 EKHSWYHGPISRNAAEYLLSSGINGSFLVRESESSPGQYSISLR-----YDGRVYHYR 53

Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in SH2 domain-bearing protein kinases A and C (ShkA and ShkC); SH2-bearing genes cloned from Dictyostelium include two transcription factors, STATa and STATc, and a signaling factor, SHK1 (shkA). A database search of the Dictyostelium discoideum genome revealed two additional putative STAT sequences, dd-STATb and dd-STATd, and four additional putative SHK genes, dd-SHK2 (shkB), dd-SHK3 (shkC), dd-SHK4 (shkD), and dd-SHK5 (shkE). This model contains members of shkA and shkC. All of the SHK members are most closely related to the protein kinases found in plants. However these kinases in plants are not conjugated to any SH2 or SH2-like sequences. Alignment data indicates that the SHK SH2 domains carry some features of the STAT SH2 domains in Dictyostelium. When STATc's linker domain was used for a BLAST search, the sequence between the protein kinase domain and the SH2 domain (the linker) of SHK was recovered, suggesting a close relationship among these molecules within this region. SHK's linker domain is predicted to contain an alpha-helix which is indeed homologous to that of STAT. Based on the phylogenetic alignment, SH2 domains can be grouped into two categories, STAT-type and Src-type. SHK family members are in between, but are closer to the STAT-type which indicates a close relationship between SHK and STAT families in their SH2 domains and further supports the notion that SHKs linker-SH2 domain evolved from STAT or STATL (STAT-like Linker-SH2) domain found in plants. In SHK, STAT, and SPT6, the linker-SH2 domains all reside exclusively in the C-terminal regions. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 568972282 424 SLRELEKCGWYWGPMNWEDAEMKLKGKPDGSFLVRDSSDPRYILSLS-FRSQGITHHTRMEHYRGTF 489
Cdd:cd10356    3 KIRELMECAWFHGDISTSESENRLNGKPEGTFLVRFSTSEPGAYTISkVSKNGGISHQRIHRPGGKF 69

Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Nck; Nck proteins are adaptors that modulate actin cytoskeleton dynamics by linking proline-rich effector molecules to tyrosine kinases or phosphorylated signaling intermediates. There are two members known in this family: Nck1 (Nckalpha) and Nck2 (Nckbeta and Growth factor receptor-bound protein 4 (Grb4)). They are characterized by having 3 SH3 domains and a C-terminal SH2 domain. Nck1 and Nck2 have overlapping functions as determined by gene knockouts. Both bind receptor tyrosine kinases and other tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins through their SH2 domains. In addition they also bind distinct targets. Neuronal signaling proteins: EphrinB1, EphrinB2, and Disabled-1 (Dab-1) all bind to Nck-2 exclusively. And in the case of PDGFR, Tyr(P)751 binds to Nck1 while Tyr(P)1009 binds to Nck2. Nck1 and Nck2 have a role in the infection process of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). Their SH3 domains are involved in recruiting and activating the N-WASP/Arp2/3 complex inducing actin polymerization resulting in the production of pedestals, dynamic bacteria-presenting protrusions of the plasma membrane. A similar thing occurs in the vaccinia virus where motile plasma membrane projections are formed beneath the virus. Recently it has been shown that the SH2 domains of both Nck1 and Nck2 bind the G-protein coupled receptor kinase-interacting protein 1 (GIT1) in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.

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gi 568972282 432 GWYWGPMNWEDAEMKLKGKP-DGSFLVRDSSDPRYILSLSFRSQGITHHTRMEHYRGTFSLwCHPKFEDRCQSVVEFIKR 510
Cdd:cd10409    2 EWYYGNVTRHQAECALNERGvEGDFLIRDSESSPSDFSVSLKAVGKNKHFKVQLVDNVYCI-GQRRFNSMDELVEHYKKA 80

                         90
                 ....*....|....*.
gi 568972282 511 AIMHSKNGKFLYFLRS 526
Cdd:cd10409   81 PIFTSEHGEKLYLVKA 96

C-terminal Src homology 2 (cSH2) domain found in p85; Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are essential for cell growth, migration, and survival. p110, the catalytic subunit, is composed of an adaptor-binding domain, a Ras-binding domain, a C2 domain, a helical domain, and a kinase domain. The regulatory unit is called p85 and is composed of an SH3 domain, a RhoGap domain, a N-terminal SH2 (nSH2) domain, a inter SH2 (iSH2) domain, and C-terminal (cSH2) domain. There are 2 inhibitory interactions between p110alpha and p85 of P13K: 1) p85 nSH2 domain with the C2, helical, and kinase domains of p110alpha and 2) p85 iSH2 domain with C2 domain of p110alpha. There are 3 inhibitory interactions between p110beta and p85 of P13K: 1) p85 nSH2 domain with the C2, helical, and kinase domains of p110beta, 2) p85 iSH2 domain with C2 domain of p110alpha, and 3) p85 cSH2 domain with the kinase domain of p110alpha. It is interesting to note that p110beta is oncogenic as a wild type protein while p110alpha lacks this ability. One explanation is the idea that the regulation of p110beta by p85 is unique because of the addition of inhibitory contacts from the cSH2 domain and the loss of contacts in the iSH2 domain. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.

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gi 568972282 428 LEKCGWYWGPMNWEDAEMKLKGKPDGSFLVRDSSDPRYiLSLSFRSQGITHH 479
Cdd:cd09930    3 HDERTWLVGDINRTQAEELLRGKPDGTFLIRESSTQGC-YACSVVCNGEVKH 53

C-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Ras GTPase-activating protein 1 (GAP); RasGAP is part of the GAP1 family of GTPase-activating proteins. The protein is located in the cytoplasm and stimulates the GTPase activity of normal RAS p21, but not its oncogenic counterpart. Acting as a suppressor of RAS function, the protein enhances the weak intrinsic GTPase activity of RAS proteins resulting in RAS inactivation, thereby allowing control of cellular proliferation and differentiation. Mutations leading to changes in the binding sites of either protein are associated with basal cell carcinomas. Alternative splicing results in two isoforms. The shorter isoform which lacks the N-terminal hydrophobic region, has the same activity, and is expressed in placental tissues. In general longer isoform contains 2 SH2 domains, a SH3 domain, a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, and a calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding C2 domain. The C-terminus contains the catalytic domain of RasGap which catalyzes the activation of Ras by hydrolyzing GTP-bound active Ras into an inactive GDP-bound form of Ras. This model contains the C-terminal SH2 domain. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.

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gi 568972282 433 WYWGPMNWEDAE-MKLKGKPDGSFLVRDSSDPRYILSLSFR-SQGITHHTRMEHYRGTF 489
Cdd:cd10354    2 WFHGKISREEAYnMLVKVGGPGSFLVRESDNTPGDYSLSFRvNEGIKHFKIIPTGNNQF 60

Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the Src family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases; The Src family kinases are nonreceptor tyrosine kinases that have been implicated in pathways regulating proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis, and bone metabolism. It is thought that transforming ability of Src is linked to its ability to activate key signaling molecules in these pathways, rather than through direct activity. As such blocking Src activation has been a target for drug companies. Src family members can be divided into 3 groups based on their expression pattern: 1) Src, Fyn, and Yes; 2) Blk, Fgr, Hck, Lck, and Lyn; and 3) Frk-related kinases Frk/Rak and Iyk/Bsk Of these, cellular c-Src is the best studied and most frequently implicated in oncogenesis. The c-Src contains five distinct regions: a unique N-terminal domain, an SH3 domain, an SH2 domain, a kinase domain and a regulatory tail, as do the other members of the family. Src exists in both active and inactive conformations. Negative regulation occurs through phosphorylation of Tyr, resulting in an intramolecular association between phosphorylated Tyr and the SH2 domain of SRC, which locks the protein in a closed conformation. Further stabilization of the inactive state occurs through interactions between the SH3 domain and a proline-rich stretch of residues within the kinase domain. Conversely, dephosphorylation of Tyr allows SRC to assume an open conformation. Full activity requires additional autophosphorylation of a Tyr residue within the catalytic domain. Loss of the negative-regulatory C-terminal segment has been shown to result in increased activity and transforming potential. Phosphorylation of the C-terminal Tyr residue by C-terminal Src kinase (Csk) and Csk homology kinase results in increased intramolecular interactions and consequent Src inactivation. Specific phosphatases, protein tyrosine phosphatase a (PTPa) and the SH-containing phosphatases SHP1/SHP2, have also been shown to take a part in Src activation. Src is also activated by direct binding of focal adhesion kinase (Fak) and Crk-associated substrate (Cas) to the SH2 domain. SRC activity can also be regulated by numerous receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), such as Her2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), fibroblast growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR). In general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.

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gi 568972282 433 WYWGPMNWEDAEMKLK--GKPDGSFLVRDSSDPRYILSLSFRSQGITHHTRMEHYR 486
Cdd:cd09933    5 WFFGKIKRKDAEKLLLapGNPRGTFLIRESETTPGAYSLSVRDGDDARGDTVKHYR 60

Src homology 2 domain found in Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) and similar proteins; The adaptor proteins here include homologs Grb2 in humans, Sex muscle abnormal protein 5 (Sem-5) in Caenorhabditis elegans, and Downstream of receptor kinase (drk) in Drosophila melanogaster. They are composed of one SH2 and two SH3 domains. Grb2/Sem-5/drk regulates the Ras pathway by linking the tyrosine kinases to the Ras guanine nucleotide releasing protein Sos, which converts Ras to the active GTP-bound state. The SH2 domain of Grb2/Sem-5/drk binds class II phosphotyrosyl peptides while its SH3 domain binds to Sos and Sos-derived, proline-rich peptides. Besides it function in Ras signaling, Grb2 is also thought to play a role in apoptosis. Unlike most SH2 structures in which the peptide binds in an extended conformation (such that the +3 peptide residue occupies a hydrophobic pocket in the protein, conferring a modest degree of selectivity), Grb2 forms several hydrogen bonds via main chain atoms with the side chain of +2 Asn. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.

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gi 568972282 431 CGWYWGPMNWEDAEMKLKG-KPDGSFLVRDS-SDPrYILSLSFRsqgitHHTRMEHYR------GTFSLW 492
Cdd:cd09941    3 HPWFHGKISRAEAEEILMNqRPDGAFLIRESeSSP-GDFSLSVK-----FGNDVQHFKvlrdgaGKYFLW 66

Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Fyn isoform b like proteins; Fyn is a member of the Src non-receptor type tyrosine kinase family of proteins. This cd contains the SH2 domain found in Fyn isoform b type proteins. Fyn is involved in the control of cell growth and is required in the following pathways: T and B cell receptor signaling, integrin-mediated signaling, growth factor and cytokine receptor signaling, platelet activation, ion channel function, cell adhesion, axon guidance, fertilization, entry into mitosis, and differentiation of natural killer cells, oligodendrocytes and keratinocytes. The protein associates with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and interacts with the Fyn-binding protein. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms exist. Fyn is primarily localized to the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane. Tyrosine phosphorylation of target proteins by Fyn serves to either regulate target protein activity, and/or to generate a binding site on the target protein that recruits other signaling molecules. FYN has been shown to interact with a number of proteins including: BCAR1, Cbl, Janus kinase, nephrin, Sky, tyrosine kinase, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, and Zap-70. Fyn has a unique N-terminal domain, an SH3 domain, an SH2 domain, a kinase domain and a regulatory tail, as do the other members of the family. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.

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gi 568972282 433 WYWGPMNWEDAEMKLK--GKPDGSFLVRDSSDPRYILSLSFRSQGITHHTRMEHYR------GTFSLWCHPKFEDRCQSV 504
Cdd:cd10419    5 WYFGKLGRKDAERQLLsfGNPRGTFLIRESETTKGAYSLSIRDWDDMKGDHVKHYKirkldnGGYYITTRAQFETLQQLV 84

                 ....*..
gi 568972282 505 VEFIKRA 511
Cdd:cd10419   85 QHYSEKA 91

N-terminal Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in SH2 domains, ANK, and kinase domain (shark) proteins; These non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinases contain two SH2 domains, five ankyrin (ANK)-like repeats, and a potential tyrosine phosphorylation site in the carboxyl-terminal tail which resembles the phosphorylation site in members of the src family. Like, mammalian non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinases, ZAP-70 and syk proteins, they do not have SH3 domains. However, the presence of ANK makes these unique among protein-tyrosine kinases. Both tyrosine kinases and ANK repeats have been shown to transduce developmental signals, and SH2 domains are known to participate intimately in tyrosine kinase signaling. These tyrosine kinases are believed to be involved in epithelial cell polarity. The members of this family include the shark (SH2 domains, ANK, and kinase domain) gene in Drosophila and yellow fever mosquitos, as well as the hydra protein HTK16. Drosophila Shark is proposed to transduce intracellularly the Crumbs, a protein necessary for proper organization of ectodermal epithelia, intercellular signal. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.

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gi 568972282 433 WYWGPMNWEDAE--MKLKGKPDGSFLVRDS--SDPRYILSLSFRSQgITHHTRMEHYRGTFS 490
Cdd:cd10347    3 WYHGKISREVAEalLLREGGRDGLFLVREStsAPGDYVLSLLAQGE-VLHYQIRRHGEDAFF 63

Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in SH2 domain-bearing protein kinases D and E (ShkD and ShkE); SH2-bearing genes cloned from Dictyostelium include two transcription factors, STATa and STATc, and a signaling factor, SHK1 (shkA). A database search of the Dictyostelium discoideum genome revealed two additional putative STAT sequences, dd-STATb and dd-STATd, and four additional putative SHK genes, dd-SHK2 (shkB), dd-SHK3 (shkC), dd-SHK4 (shkD), and dd-SHK5 (shkE). This model contains members of shkD and shkE. All of the SHK members are most closely related to the protein kinases found in plants. However these kinases in plants are not conjugated to any SH2 or SH2-like sequences. Alignment data indicates that the SHK SH2 domains carry some features of the STAT SH2 domains in Dictyostelium. When STATc's linker domain was used for a BLAST search, the sequence between the protein kinase domain and the SH2 domain (the linker) of SHK was recovered, suggesting a close relationship among these molecules within this region. SHK's linker domain is predicted to contain an alpha-helix which is indeed homologous to that of STAT. Based on the phylogenetic alignment, SH2 domains can be grouped into two categories, STAT-type and Src-type. SHK family members are in between, but are closer to the STAT-type which indicates a close relationship between SHK and STAT families in their SH2 domains and further supports the notion that SHKs linker-SH2 domain evolved from STAT or STATL (STAT-like Linker-SH2) domain found in plants. In SHK, STAT, and SPT6, the linker-SH2 domains all reside exclusively in the C-terminal regions. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.

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gi 568972282 427 ELEKCGWYWGPMNWEDAEMKLKGKPDGSFLVRDSS-DPRYI-LSLSFRSQGITHHTRME 483
Cdd:cd10357    6 ILLAKSWFHGDISRDEAEKRLRGRPEGTFLIRLSStDPKKTpFTISKKKKSKPVHKRIS 64

Src homology 2 domain found in Src-like adaptor proteins; SLAP belongs to the subfamily of adapter proteins that negatively regulate cellular signaling initiated by tyrosine kinases. It has a myristylated N-terminus, SH3 and SH2 domains with high homology to Src family tyrosine kinases, and a unique C-terminal tail, which is important for c-Cbl binding. SLAP negatively regulates platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced mitogenesis in fibroblasts and regulates F-actin assembly for dorsal ruffles formation. c-Cbl mediated SLAP inhibition towards actin remodeling. Moreover, SLAP enhanced PDGF-induced c-Cbl phosphorylation by SFK. In contrast, SLAP mitogenic inhibition was not mediated by c-Cbl, but it rather involved a competitive mechanism with SFK for PDGF-receptor (PDGFR) association and mitogenic signaling. Accordingly, phosphorylation of the Src mitogenic substrates Stat3 and Shc were reduced by SLAP. Thus, we concluded that SLAP regulates PDGFR signaling by two independent mechanisms: a competitive mechanism for PDGF-induced Src mitogenic signaling and a non-competitive mechanism for dorsal ruffles formation mediated by c-Cbl. SLAP is a hematopoietic adaptor containing Src homology (SH)3 and SH2 motifs and a unique carboxy terminus. Unlike c-Src, SLAP lacks a tyrosine kinase domain. Unlike c-Src, SLAP does not impact resorptive function of mature osteoclasts but induces their early apoptosis. SLAP negatively regulates differentiation of osteoclasts and proliferation of their precursors. Conversely, SLAP decreases osteoclast death by inhibiting activation of caspase 3. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.

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gi 568972282 432 GWYWGPMNWEDAE--MKLKGKPDGSFLVRDSSDPRYILSLSFRSQGITHHTRMEHYR 486
Cdd:cd10344   11 GWLFEGLSREKAEelLMLPGNQVGSFLIRESETRRGCYSLSVRHRGSQSRDSVKHYR 67

Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in the Fyn-related kinase (Frk); Frk is a member of the Src non-receptor type tyrosine kinase family of proteins. The Frk subfamily is composed of Frk/Rak and Iyk/Bsk/Gst. It is expressed primarily epithelial cells. Frk is a nuclear protein and may function during G1 and S phase of the cell cycle and suppress growth. Unlike the other Src members it lacks a glycine at position 2 of SH4 which is important for addition of a myristic acid moiety that is involved in targeting Src PTKs to cellular membranes. FRK and SHB exert similar effects when overexpressed in rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) and beta-cells, where both induce PC12 cell differentiation and beta-cell proliferation. Under conditions that cause beta-cell degeneration these proteins augment beta-cell apoptosis. The FRK-SHB responses involve FAK and insulin receptor substrates (IRS) -1 and -2. Frk has been demonstrated to interact with retinoblastoma protein. Frk regulates PTEN protein stability by phosphorylating PTEN, which in turn prevents PTEN degradation. Frk also plays a role in regulation of embryonal pancreatic beta cell formation. Frk has a unique N-terminal domain, an SH3 domain, an SH2 domain, a kinase domain and a regulatory tail, as do the other members of the family. Like the other members of the Src family the SH2 domain in addition to binding the target, also plays an autoinhibitory role by binding to its activation loop. The tryosine involved is at the same site as the tyrosine involved in the autophosphorylation of Src. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.

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gi 568972282 433 WYWGPMNWEDAEMKL--KGKPDGSFLVRDSSDPRYILSLSFRSQGITHHTRM 482
Cdd:cd10369    5 WFFGAIKRADAEKQLlySENQTGAFLIRESESQKGEFSLSVLDGGVVKHYRI 56

SOCS (suppressors of cytokine signaling) box of CIS (cytokine-inducible SH2 protein) 1-like proteins. Together with the SOCS proteins, the CIS/SOCS family of proteins is characterized by the presence of a C-terminal SOCS box and a central SH2 domain. CIS1, like SOCS1 and SOCS3, is involved in the down-regulation of the JAK/STAT pathway. CIS1 binds to cytokine receptors at STAT5-docking sites, which prohibits recruitment of STAT5 to the receptor signaling complex and results in the down-regulation of activation by STAT5.

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gi 568972282 546 SNVKSLQHLCRFRIRQLVRidHIPDLPLPKPLISYIRKF 584
Cdd:cd03734    1 SSARSLQHLCRLVINRLVT--DVDCLPLPRRMADYLRQY 37

SOCS (suppressors of cytokine signaling) box of WSB1/SWiP1-like proteins. This subfamily contains WSB-1 (SOCS-box-containing WD-40 protein), part of an E3 ubiquitin ligase for the thyroid-hormone-activating type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) and SWiP-1 (SOCS box and WD-repeats in Protein), a WD40-containing protein that is expressed in embryonic structures of chickens and regulated by Sonic Hedgehog (Shh). The general function of the SOCS box is the recruitment of the ubiquitin-transferase system. The SOCS box interacts with Elongins B and C, Cullin-5 or Cullin-2, Rbx-1, and E2. Therefore, SOCS-box-containing proteins probably function as E3 ubiquitin ligases and mediate the degradation of proteins associated through their N-terminal regions.

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gi 568972282 548 VKSLQHLCRFRIRQLVRIDHIPDLPLPKPLISYI 581
Cdd:cd03746    3 VASLQHLCRMAIRRVMPTQQVKELPIPSKLLEFL 36

SOCS (suppressors of cytokine signaling) box of SOCS4-like proteins. Together with CIS1, the CIS/SOCS family of proteins is characterized by the presence of a C-terminal SOCS box and a central SH2 domain. The general function of the SOCS box is the recruitment of the ubiquitin-transferase system. The SOCS box interacts with Elongins B and C, Cullin-5 or Cullin-2, Rbx-1, and E2. Therefore, SOCS-box-containing proteins probably function as E3 ubiquitin ligases and mediate the degradation of proteins associated through their N-terminal regions.

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gi 568972282 550 SLQHLCRFRIRQLVRIDHIPDLPLPKPLISYIRKFYY 586
Cdd:cd03738    5 SLQHICRTVICNCTTYDGIDALPIPSSMKLYLKEYHY 41

SOCS (suppressors of cytokine signaling) box of ASB4 and ASB18 proteins. ASB family members have a C-terminal SOCS box and an N-terminal ankyrin-related sequence. Asb4 was identified as imprinted gene in mice. The general function of the SOCS box is the recruitment of the ubiquitin-transferase system. The SOCS box interacts with Elongins B and C, Cullin-5 or Cullin-2, Rbx-1, and E2. Therefore, SOCS-box-containing proteins probably function as E3 ubiquitin ligases and mediate the degradation of proteins associated through their N-terminal regions.

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gi 568972282 547 NVKSLQHLCRFRIRQLV--RIDH-IPDLPLPKPLISYI 581
Cdd:cd03723    2 TPRSLQHLCRCAIRKLLgsRCHKlVPQLSLPTSLKNYL 39

Src homology 2 domain found in the SH2 domain containing protein 4B (SH2D4B); SH2D4B contains a single SH2 domain. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.

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gi 568972282 433 WYWGPMNWEDAEMKLKGKPDGSFLVRdSSDPRYILSLSFRSQ-GITH 478
Cdd:cd10351    9 WFHGIISREEAEALLMNATEGSFLVR-VSEKIWGYTLSYRLQsGFKH 54

Src homology 2 (SH2) domain found in Yes; Yes is a member of the Src non-receptor type tyrosine kinase family of proteins. Yes is the cellular homolog of the Yamaguchi sarcoma virus oncogene. In humans it is encoded by the YES1 gene which maps to chromosome 18 and is in close proximity to thymidylate synthase. A corresponding Yes pseudogene has been found on chromosome 22. YES1 has been shown to interact with Janus kinase 2, CTNND1,RPL10, and Occludin. Yes1 has a unique N-terminal domain, an SH3 domain, an SH2 domain, a kinase domain and a regulatory tail, as do the other members of the family. In general SH2 domains are involved in signal transduction. They typically bind pTyr-containing ligands via two surface pockets, a pTyr and hydrophobic binding pocket, allowing proteins with SH2 domains to localize to tyrosine phosphorylated sites.

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gi 568972282 433 WYWGPMNWEDAE--MKLKGKPDGSFLVRDSSDPRYILSLSFRSQGITHHTRMEHYR 486
Cdd:cd10366    5 WYFGKMGRKDAErlLLNPGNQRGIFLVRESETTKGAYSLSIRDWDEVRGDNVKHYK 60