Ras-associating (RA) domain found in Rap1-GTP-interacting adapter molecule (RIAM); RIAM, also termed amyloid beta A4 precursor protein-binding family B member 1-interacting protein, or APBB1-interacting protein 1, or proline-rich EVH1 ligand 1 (PREL-1), or proline-rich protein 73, or retinoic acid-responsive proline-rich protein 1 (RARP-1), is a member of MRL (Mig10/RIAM/Lpd) family proteins that regulates cell migration and promote lamellipodia protrusion in fibroblast by interacting with Ena/VASP proteins. RIAM regulates cell migration and mediates Rap1-induced cell adhesion. MRL proteins share a common structural architecture, including a central structural unit consisting of an RA domain and a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, an upstream coiled-coil region, and a number of polyproline motifs. RA domain-containing proteins function by interacting with Ras proteins directly or indirectly and are involved in several different functions ranging from tumor suppression to being oncoproteins. RA domain has the beta-grasp ubiquitin-like fold with low sequence similarity to ubiquitin (Ub). Ub is a protein modifier in eukaryotes that is involved in various cellular processes including transcriptional regulation, cell cycle control, and DNA repair in eukaryotes. RIAM also contains a helical region at the amino terminus for talin binding. RA and PH form a tandem domain pair (RA-PH), and serve tightly coordinated functions in both Ras GTPase signaling via the RA domain and membrane translocalization via the PH domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568913997 186 HMDDSSTKSLMVDERQLARDVLDNLFEKTHCDCNVDWCLYEIYPELQIERVFEDHENVVEVLSDWTRDTENKVLFLEKEE 265
Cdd:cd16137    8 HMNDSSTKTLMVDERQTVRDVLDNLFEKTHCDCNVDWCLYEVNPELQIERFFEDHENVVEVLSDWTRDSENKVLFLEKKE 87

                 ..
gi 568913997 266 RY 267
Cdd:cd16137   88 KY 89

Ras-associating (RA) domain found in Rap1-GTP-interacting adapter molecule (RIAM); RIAM, also termed amyloid beta A4 precursor protein-binding family B member 1-interacting protein, or APBB1-interacting protein 1, or proline-rich EVH1 ligand 1 (PREL-1), or proline-rich protein 73, or retinoic acid-responsive proline-rich protein 1 (RARP-1), is a member of MRL (Mig10/RIAM/Lpd) family proteins that regulates cell migration and promote lamellipodia protrusion in fibroblast by interacting with Ena/VASP proteins. RIAM regulates cell migration and mediates Rap1-induced cell adhesion. MRL proteins share a common structural architecture, including a central structural unit consisting of an RA domain and a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, an upstream coiled-coil region, and a number of polyproline motifs. RA domain-containing proteins function by interacting with Ras proteins directly or indirectly and are involved in several different functions ranging from tumor suppression to being oncoproteins. RA domain has the beta-grasp ubiquitin-like fold with low sequence similarity to ubiquitin (Ub). Ub is a protein modifier in eukaryotes that is involved in various cellular processes including transcriptional regulation, cell cycle control, and DNA repair in eukaryotes. RIAM also contains a helical region at the amino terminus for talin binding. RA and PH form a tandem domain pair (RA-PH), and serve tightly coordinated functions in both Ras GTPase signaling via the RA domain and membrane translocalization via the PH domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568913997 186 HMDDSSTKSLMVDERQLARDVLDNLFEKTHCDCNVDWCLYEIYPELQIERVFEDHENVVEVLSDWTRDTENKVLFLEKEE 265
Cdd:cd16137    8 HMNDSSTKTLMVDERQTVRDVLDNLFEKTHCDCNVDWCLYEVNPELQIERFFEDHENVVEVLSDWTRDSENKVLFLEKKE 87

                 ..
gi 568913997 266 RY 267
Cdd:cd16137   88 KY 89

Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain; RasGTP effectors (in cases of AF6, canoe and RalGDS); putative RasGTP effectors in other cases. Recent evidence (not yet in MEDLINE) shows that some RA domains do NOT bind RasGTP. Predicted structure similar to that determined, and that of the RasGTP-binding domain of Raf kinase.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 568913997  189 DSSTKSLMVDERQLARDVLDNLFEKTH-CDCNVDWCLYEIYPELQIERVFEDHENVVEVLSDWTRDTENKVLFLEKEER 266
Cdd:pfam00788  15 GTTYKTILVSSSTTAEEVIEALLEKFGlEDDPRDYVLVEVLERGGGERRLPDDECPLQIQLQWPRDASDSRFLLRKRDD 93

Pleckstrin homology domain; Domain commonly found in eukaryotic signalling proteins. The domain family possesses multiple functions including the abilities to bind inositol phosphates, and various proteins. PH domains have been found to possess inserted domains (such as in PLC gamma, syntrophins) and to be inserted within other domains. Mutations in Brutons tyrosine kinase (Btk) within its PH domain cause X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) in patients. Point mutations cluster into the positively charged end of the molecule around the predicted binding site for phosphatidylinositol lipids.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568913997   314 PELEGALYLKED-GKKSWKRRYFLLRASGIYYVPKGKTKTSRDLACFIQFENVNIYYgiqCKMKYKAPTDHCFVLKHPQi 392
Cdd:smart00233   1 VIKEGWLYKKSGgGKKSWKKRYFVLFNSTLLYYKSKKDKKSYKPKGSIDLSGCTVRE---APDPDSSKKPHCFEIKTSD- 76

                           90       100       110
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568913997   393 qkesQYIKYLCCDDARTLSQWVMGIRIAKY 422
Cdd:smart00233  77 ----RKTLLLQAESEEEREKWVEALRKAIA 102

Ras-associating (RA) domain found in Rap1-GTP-interacting adapter molecule (RIAM); RIAM, also termed amyloid beta A4 precursor protein-binding family B member 1-interacting protein, or APBB1-interacting protein 1, or proline-rich EVH1 ligand 1 (PREL-1), or proline-rich protein 73, or retinoic acid-responsive proline-rich protein 1 (RARP-1), is a member of MRL (Mig10/RIAM/Lpd) family proteins that regulates cell migration and promote lamellipodia protrusion in fibroblast by interacting with Ena/VASP proteins. RIAM regulates cell migration and mediates Rap1-induced cell adhesion. MRL proteins share a common structural architecture, including a central structural unit consisting of an RA domain and a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, an upstream coiled-coil region, and a number of polyproline motifs. RA domain-containing proteins function by interacting with Ras proteins directly or indirectly and are involved in several different functions ranging from tumor suppression to being oncoproteins. RA domain has the beta-grasp ubiquitin-like fold with low sequence similarity to ubiquitin (Ub). Ub is a protein modifier in eukaryotes that is involved in various cellular processes including transcriptional regulation, cell cycle control, and DNA repair in eukaryotes. RIAM also contains a helical region at the amino terminus for talin binding. RA and PH form a tandem domain pair (RA-PH), and serve tightly coordinated functions in both Ras GTPase signaling via the RA domain and membrane translocalization via the PH domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568913997 186 HMDDSSTKSLMVDERQLARDVLDNLFEKTHCDCNVDWCLYEIYPELQIERVFEDHENVVEVLSDWTRDTENKVLFLEKEE 265
Cdd:cd16137    8 HMNDSSTKTLMVDERQTVRDVLDNLFEKTHCDCNVDWCLYEVNPELQIERFFEDHENVVEVLSDWTRDSENKVLFLEKKE 87

                 ..
gi 568913997 266 RY 267
Cdd:cd16137   88 KY 89

Ras-associating (RA) domain found in Mig10/RIAM/Lpd (MRL) family and growth factor receptor-bound (Grb) protein 7/10/14; MRL proteins share a common structural architecture, including a central structural unit consisting of a Ras-associating (RA) domain and a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, an upstream coiled-coil region, and a number of polyproline motifs. RA domain-containing proteins function by interacting with Ras proteins directly or indirectly and are involved in several different functions ranging from tumor suppression to being oncoproteins. Ras proteins are small GTPases that are involved in cellular signal transduction. RA domain has the beta-grasp ubiquitin-like (Ubl) fold with low sequence similarity to ubiquitin (Ub). Ub is a protein modifier in eukaryotes that is involved in various cellular processes including transcriptional regulation, cell cycle control, and DNA repair in eukaryotes. RA and PH form a tandem domain pair (RA-PH), and serve tightly coordinated functions in both Ras GTPase signaling via the RA domain and membrane translocalization via the PH domain. MRL proteins have distinct functions in cell migration and adhesion, signaling, and in cell growth. Grb7/10/14 are multi-domain cytoplasmic adaptor proteins that are recruited to activated receptor tyrosine kinases. Grb7 and its related family members Grb10 and Grb14 share a conserved domain architecture that includes an amino-terminal proline-rich region, a central segment termed the GM region (for Grb and Mig) which includes the RA, PIR, and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, and a carboxyl-terminal SH2 domain. The tandem RA and PH domains of Grb7/10/14 are also found in a second adaptor family, Rap1-interacting adaptor molecule (RIAM) and lamellipodin, which is involved in actin-cytoskeleton rearrangement. Grb7/10/14 family proteins are phosphorylated on serine/threonine as well as tyrosine residues and are mainly localized to the cytoplasm.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 568913997 186 HMDDSSTKSLMVDERQLARDVLDNLFEKTHCDCNVDWCLYEIYPELQIERVFEDHENVVEVLSDWTRDTENKVLFLE 262
Cdd:cd17112    5 YNEDGSSKTVAVDENMTARDVCQILVEKNHVDPDKSWSLVEELPELGLERTLEDHELVVDVYSKWPSDSNNKFLFRK 81

Ras-associating (RA) domain found in Caenorhabditis elegans abnormal cell migration protein 10 (MIG-10) and similar proteins; MIG-10 is lamellipodin (Lpd) found in C. elegans. It stabilizes invading cell adhesion to basement membrane and is a negative transcriptional target of Evi-1 proto-oncogene, EGL-43, in C. elegans. It also shows netrin-independent functions and is a transcriptional target of FOS-1A, a transcription factor that promotes basement membrane breaching, during anchor cell invasion in C. elegans. MIG-10 is a member of MRL (Mig10/RIAM/Lpd) family of proteins that is involved in antero-posterior migration of embryonic neurons CAN (canalassociated neurons), ALM (anterior lateral microtubule cells) and HSN (hermaphrodite-specific neurons). MRL proteins share a common structural architecture, including a central structural unit consisting of an RA domain and a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, an upstream coiled-coil region, and a number of polyproline motifs. RA domain-containing proteins function by interacting with Ras proteins directly or indirectly and are involved in several different functions ranging from tumor suppression to being oncoproteins. RA domain has the beta-grasp ubiquitin-like fold with low sequence similarity to ubiquitin (Ub). Ub is a protein modifier in eukaryotes that is involved in various cellular processes including transcriptional regulation, cell cycle control, and DNA repair in eukaryotes. RA and PH form a tandem domain pair (RA-PH), and serve tightly coordinated functions in both Ras GTPase signaling via the RA domain and membrane translocalization via the PH domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 568913997 189 DSSTKSLMVDERQLARDVLDNLFEKTHCDCNVDWCLYEIYPELQIERVFEDHENVVEVLSDWTRDTENKVLFLEKE 264
Cdd:cd16138   11 DGSAKSLLVDERMTVGHVTRLLADKNHVAMMPDWAIVEHIPDLYMERVYEDHEKLVENLMMWTRDSPNRLLFMERP 86

Ras association (RalGDS/AF-6) domain; RasGTP effectors (in cases of AF6, canoe and RalGDS); putative RasGTP effectors in other cases. Recent evidence (not yet in MEDLINE) shows that some RA domains do NOT bind RasGTP. Predicted structure similar to that determined, and that of the RasGTP-binding domain of Raf kinase.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 568913997  189 DSSTKSLMVDERQLARDVLDNLFEKTH-CDCNVDWCLYEIYPELQIERVFEDHENVVEVLSDWTRDTENKVLFLEKEER 266
Cdd:pfam00788  15 GTTYKTILVSSSTTAEEVIEALLEKFGlEDDPRDYVLVEVLERGGGERRLPDDECPLQIQLQWPRDASDSRFLLRKRDD 93

Ras-associating (RA) domain, structurally similar to a beta-grasp ubiquitin-like fold; RA domain-containing proteins function by interacting with Ras proteins directly or indirectly and are involved in various functions ranging from tumor suppression to being oncoproteins. Ras proteins are small GTPases that are involved in cellular signal transduction. The RA domain has the beta-grasp ubiquitin-like (Ubl) fold with low sequence similarity to ubiquitin (Ub); Ub is a protein modifier in eukaryotes that is involved in various cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation, cell cycle control, and DNA repair. RA-containing proteins include RalGDS, AF6, RIN, RASSF1, SNX27, CYR1, STE50, and phospholipase C epsilon.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 568913997 187 MDDSSTKSLMVDERQLARDVLDNLFEKTHC-DCNVDWCLYEIYPELQIERVFEDHENVVEVLSDWTRDTENKVLFLEK 263
Cdd:cd17043   10 APGSAYKSILVSSTTTAREVVQLLLEKYGLeEDPEDYSLYEVSEKQETERVLHDDECPLLIQLEWGPQGTEFRFVLKR 87

Pleckstrin homology domain; Domain commonly found in eukaryotic signalling proteins. The domain family possesses multiple functions including the abilities to bind inositol phosphates, and various proteins. PH domains have been found to possess inserted domains (such as in PLC gamma, syntrophins) and to be inserted within other domains. Mutations in Brutons tyrosine kinase (Btk) within its PH domain cause X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) in patients. Point mutations cluster into the positively charged end of the molecule around the predicted binding site for phosphatidylinositol lipids.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568913997   314 PELEGALYLKED-GKKSWKRRYFLLRASGIYYVPKGKTKTSRDLACFIQFENVNIYYgiqCKMKYKAPTDHCFVLKHPQi 392
Cdd:smart00233   1 VIKEGWLYKKSGgGKKSWKKRYFVLFNSTLLYYKSKKDKKSYKPKGSIDLSGCTVRE---APDPDSSKKPHCFEIKTSD- 76

                           90       100       110
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568913997   393 qkesQYIKYLCCDDARTLSQWVMGIRIAKY 422
Cdd:smart00233  77 ----RKTLLLQAESEEEREKWVEALRKAIA 102

Ras-associating (RA) domain found in growth factor receptor-bound (Grb) protein 7/10/14; The RA domain is highly conserved among the members of the Grb proteins family which includes Grb7, Grb10 and Grb14. Grb7/10/14 are multi-domain cytoplasmic adaptor proteins that are recruited to activated receptor tyrosine kinases. RA domain has the beta-grasp ubiquitin-like fold with low sequence similarity to ubiquitin (Ub). Ub is a protein modifier in eukaryotes that is involved in various cellular processes including transcriptional regulation, cell cycle control, and DNA repair in eukaryotes. Grb7 and its related family members Grb10 and Grb14 share a conserved domain architecture that includes an amino-terminal proline-rich region, a central segment termed the GM region (for Grb and Mig) which includes the RA, PIR, and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, and a carboxyl-terminal SH2 domain. The tandem RA and PH domains of Grb7/10/14 are also found in a second adaptor family, Rap1-interacting adaptor molecule (RIAM) and lamellipodin, which is involved in actin-cytoskeleton rearrangement. Grb7/10/14 family proteins are phosphorylated on serine/threonine as well as tyrosine residues and are mainly localized to the cytoplasm.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 568913997 188 DDSSTKSLMVDERQLARDVLDNLFEKTHCDCNVDWCLYEIYPELQIERVFEDHENVVEVLSDWTRDTENKVLF 260
Cdd:cd16124    9 EDGTSRSVEVAADATARDVCQLLVQKAHALDDESWTLVEHHPHLGLERGLEDHELVVEVQSAWPVGGESKFVF 81

General Receptor for Phosphoinositides-1-like Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; GRP1/cytohesin3 and the related proteins ARNO (ARF nucleotide-binding site opener)/cytohesin-2 and cytohesin-1 are ARF exchange factors that contain a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain thought to target these proteins to cell membranes through binding polyphosphoinositides. The PH domains of all three proteins exhibit relatively high affinity for PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. Within the Grp1 family, diglycine (2G) and triglycine (3G) splice variants, differing only in the number of glycine residues in the PH domain, strongly influence the affinity and specificity for phosphoinositides. The 2G variants selectively bind PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 with high affinity,the 3G variants bind PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 with about 30-fold lower affinity and require the polybasic region for plasma membrane targeting. These ARF-GEFs share a common, tripartite structure consisting of an N-terminal coiled-coil domain, a central domain with homology to the yeast protein Sec7, a PH domain, and a C-terminal polybasic region. The Sec7 domain is autoinhibited by conserved elements proximal to the PH domain. GRP1 binds to the DNA binding domain of certain nuclear receptors (TRalpha, TRbeta, AR, ER, but not RXR), and can repress thyroid hormone receptor (TR)-mediated transactivation by decreasing TR-complex formation on thyroid hormone response elements. ARNO promotes sequential activation of Arf6, Cdc42 and Rac1 and insulin secretion. Cytohesin acts as a PI 3-kinase effector mediating biological responses including cell spreading and adhesion, chemotaxis, protein trafficking, and cytoskeletal rearrangements, only some of which appear to depend on their ability to activate ARFs. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568913997 314 PELEGALyLKEDGK-KSWKRRYFLLRASGIYYVpkgKTKTSRDLACFIQFENVNIYygiQCKMKYKAptdHCFVLKHPQi 392
Cdd:cd01252    3 PDREGWL-LKLGGRvKSWKRRWFILTDNCLYYF---EYTTDKEPRGIIPLENLSVR---EVEDKKKP---FCFELYSPS- 71

                 ....*...
gi 568913997 393 qkESQYIK 400
Cdd:cd01252   72 --NGQVIK 77

ArfGAP with RhoGAP domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, repeat 5; ARAP proteins (also called centaurin delta) are phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent GTPase-activating proteins that modulate actin cytoskeleton remodeling by regulating ARF and RHO family members. They bind phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) and phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P2) binding. There are 3 mammalian ARAP proteins: ARAP1, ARAP2, and ARAP3. All ARAP proteins contain a N-terminal SAM (sterile alpha motif) domain, 5 PH domains, an ArfGAP domain, 2 ankyrin domain, A RhoGap domain, and a Ras-associating domain. This hierarchy contains the five PH domain in ARAP. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 568913997 317 EGALYLKEDGKK-----SWKRRYFLLRASGIY-YVPKGKTKTSRDlacfIQFENVNIYYGIqcKMKYKAPTDHCFVLKHP 390
Cdd:cd13259   16 HGMLKFREEPSKllsgnKFQDRYFILNDECLLlYKDVKSSKPEKE----WPLKSLKVYLGI--KKKLKPPTSWGFTVLLE 89

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 568913997 391 QIQKesqyikYLCCDDARTLSQWVMGIRIAKYG 423
Cdd:cd13259   90 KQQW------YLCCDSQMEQREWMATILSAQHD 116

ArfGAP with coiled-coil, ankyrin repeat and PH domains Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; ACAP (also called centaurin beta) functions both as a Rab35 effector and as an Arf6-GTPase-activating protein (GAP) by which it controls actin remodeling and membrane trafficking. ACAP contain an NH2-terminal bin/amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain, a phospholipid-binding domain, a PH domain, a GAP domain, and four ankyrin repeats. The AZAPs constitute a family of Arf GAPs that are characterized by an NH2-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and a central Arf GAP domain followed by two or more ankyrin repeats. On the basis of sequence and domain organization, the AZAP family is further subdivided into four subfamilies: 1) the ACAPs contain an NH2-terminal bin/amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain (a phospholipid-binding domain that is thought to sense membrane curvature), a single PH domain followed by the GAP domain, and four ankyrin repeats; 2) the ASAPs also contain an NH2-terminal BAR domain, the tandem PH domain/GAP domain, three ankyrin repeats, two proline-rich regions, and a COOH-terminal Src homology 3 domain; 3) the AGAPs contain an NH2-terminal GTPase-like domain (GLD), a split PH domain, and the GAP domain followed by four ankyrin repeats; and 4) the ARAPs contain both an Arf GAP domain and a Rho GAP domain, as well as an NH2-terminal sterile-a motif (SAM), a proline-rich region, a GTPase-binding domain, and five PH domains. PMID 18003747 and 19055940 Centaurin can bind to phosphatidlyinositol (3,4,5)P3. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 568913997 316 LEGALYLKEDGK-KSWKRRYFLLRASGIYYVPKGKTKTSRDLAC 358
Cdd:cd13250    1 KEGYLFKRSSNAfKTWKRRWFSLQNGQLYYQKRDKKDEPTVMVE 44