CID (CTD-Interacting Domain) of SR-related and CTD-associated factor 8; SR-related and CTD-associated factor 8 (SCAF8) is also called CDC5L complex-associated protein 7 (CCAP7) or RNA-binding motif protein 16 (RBM16). It may play a role in mRNA processing. SCAF8 contains a CTD-interacting domain (CID) at the amino terminus and a Ser/Arg-rich domain followed by an RNA recognition motif. CID binds tightly to the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase (Pol) II (RNAP II). During transcription, RNAP II synthesizes eukaryotic messenger RNA. Transcription is coupled to RNA processing through the CTD, which consists of up to 52 repeats of the sequence Tyr1-Ser2-Pro3-Thr4-Ser5-Pro6-Ser7. CID contains eight alpha-helices in a right-handed superhelical arrangement, which closely resembles that of the VHS domains and ARM (Armadillo) repeat proteins, except for its two amino-terminal helices.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958642338   88 KTFNSELYSLNDYKPPISKAKMTQITKAAIKAIKFYKHVVQSVEKFIQKCKPEYKVPGLYVIDSIVRQSRHQFGQEKDVF 167
Cdd:cd17004      1 KTFNSELYSLNDYKPPISKAKMTQITKAAIKAIKFYKHVVQSVEKFIQKCKPEYKVPGLYVIDSIVRQSRHQFGQEKDVF 80

                           90       100       110       120       130
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1958642338  168 APRFSNNIISTFQNLYRCPGDDKSKIVRVLNLWQKNNVFKSEIIQPLLDMA 218
Cdd:cd17004     81 APRFSNNIISTFQNLYRCPGDDKSKIVRVLNLWQKNNVFKSEIIQPLLDMA 131

CID (CTD-Interacting Domain) of SR-related and CTD-associated factor 8; SR-related and CTD-associated factor 8 (SCAF8) is also called CDC5L complex-associated protein 7 (CCAP7) or RNA-binding motif protein 16 (RBM16). It may play a role in mRNA processing. SCAF8 contains a CTD-interacting domain (CID) at the amino terminus and a Ser/Arg-rich domain followed by an RNA recognition motif. CID binds tightly to the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase (Pol) II (RNAP II). During transcription, RNAP II synthesizes eukaryotic messenger RNA. Transcription is coupled to RNA processing through the CTD, which consists of up to 52 repeats of the sequence Tyr1-Ser2-Pro3-Thr4-Ser5-Pro6-Ser7. CID contains eight alpha-helices in a right-handed superhelical arrangement, which closely resembles that of the VHS domains and ARM (Armadillo) repeat proteins, except for its two amino-terminal helices.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958642338   88 KTFNSELYSLNDYKPPISKAKMTQITKAAIKAIKFYKHVVQSVEKFIQKCKPEYKVPGLYVIDSIVRQSRHQFGQEKDVF 167
Cdd:cd17004      1 KTFNSELYSLNDYKPPISKAKMTQITKAAIKAIKFYKHVVQSVEKFIQKCKPEYKVPGLYVIDSIVRQSRHQFGQEKDVF 80

                           90       100       110       120       130
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1958642338  168 APRFSNNIISTFQNLYRCPGDDKSKIVRVLNLWQKNNVFKSEIIQPLLDMA 218
Cdd:cd17004     81 APRFSNNIISTFQNLYRCPGDDKSKIVRVLNLWQKNNVFKSEIIQPLLDMA 131

CID domain; This domain binds to the phosphorylated C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II. This domain is known as the CTD-interacting domain (CID).

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958642338   88 KTFNSELYSLNDykppiSKAKMTQITKAAIKAIKFYKHVVQSVEKFIQKCKPEYKVPGLYVIDSIVRQSRHQFGQEkdvF 167
Cdd:pfam04818    1 EALEKKLSSLNN-----SQESIQTLSKWILFHRKHAKAIVEVWEKYLKKAKPEKKLHLLYLANDVLQNSRKKGKSE---F 72

                           90       100       110       120
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1958642338  168 APRFSNNIISTFQNLYR-CPGDDKSKIVRVLNLWQKNNVFKSEII 211
Cdd:pfam04818   73 ADAFEPVLPEAFASAYKkCDEKLKKKLERLLNIWEERNVFSPEVI 117

RNA recognition motif;

                            10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1958642338   561 TLWVGQVDKKATQQDLTNLFEEFGQIESINMIP------PRGCAYVCMVHRQDSFRALQKLssGSYKIGSKVIKI 629
Cdd:smart00360    1 TLFVGNLPPDTTEEELRELFSKFGKVESVRLVRdketgkSKGFAFVEFESEEDAEKALEAL--NGKELDGRPLKV 73

RNA recognition motif. (a.k.a. RRM, RBD, or RNP domain); The RRM motif is probably diagnostic of an RNA binding protein. RRMs are found in a variety of RNA binding proteins, including various hnRNP proteins, proteins implicated in regulation of alternative splicing, and protein components of snRNPs. The motif also appears in a few single stranded DNA binding proteins. The RRM structure consists of four strands and two helices arranged in an alpha/beta sandwich, with a third helix present during RNA binding in some cases The C-terminal beta strand (4th strand) and final helix are hard to align and have been omitted in the SEED alignment The LA proteins have an N terminal rrm which is included in the seed. There is a second region towards the C terminus that has some features characteriztic of a rrm but does not appear to have the important structural core of a rrm. The LA proteins are one of the main autoantigens in Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1958642338  562 LWVGQVDKKATQQDLTNLFEEFGQIESINMIP-----PRGCAYVCMVHRQDSFRALQKLSsgSYKIGSKVIK 628
Cdd:pfam00076    1 LFVGNLPPDTTEEDLKDLFSKFGPIKSIRLVRdetgrSKGFAFVEFEDEEDAEKAIEALN--GKELGGRELK 70

CID (CTD-Interacting Domain) of SR-related and CTD-associated factor 8; SR-related and CTD-associated factor 8 (SCAF8) is also called CDC5L complex-associated protein 7 (CCAP7) or RNA-binding motif protein 16 (RBM16). It may play a role in mRNA processing. SCAF8 contains a CTD-interacting domain (CID) at the amino terminus and a Ser/Arg-rich domain followed by an RNA recognition motif. CID binds tightly to the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase (Pol) II (RNAP II). During transcription, RNAP II synthesizes eukaryotic messenger RNA. Transcription is coupled to RNA processing through the CTD, which consists of up to 52 repeats of the sequence Tyr1-Ser2-Pro3-Thr4-Ser5-Pro6-Ser7. CID contains eight alpha-helices in a right-handed superhelical arrangement, which closely resembles that of the VHS domains and ARM (Armadillo) repeat proteins, except for its two amino-terminal helices.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958642338   88 KTFNSELYSLNDYKPPISKAKMTQITKAAIKAIKFYKHVVQSVEKFIQKCKPEYKVPGLYVIDSIVRQSRHQFGQEKDVF 167
Cdd:cd17004      1 KTFNSELYSLNDYKPPISKAKMTQITKAAIKAIKFYKHVVQSVEKFIQKCKPEYKVPGLYVIDSIVRQSRHQFGQEKDVF 80

                           90       100       110       120       130
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1958642338  168 APRFSNNIISTFQNLYRCPGDDKSKIVRVLNLWQKNNVFKSEIIQPLLDMA 218
Cdd:cd17004     81 APRFSNNIISTFQNLYRCPGDDKSKIVRVLNLWQKNNVFKSEIIQPLLDMA 131

CID (CTD-Interacting Domain) of Splicing factor arginine serine rich 15; Splicing factor arginine serine rich 15 (SFRS15) is also called CTD-binding SR-like protein RA4 or SR-related and CTD-associated factor 4 (SCAF4). It may act to physically and functionally link transcription and pre-mRNA processing. SFRS15/SCAF4 contains a CTD-interacting domain (CID) at the amino terminus and a Ser/Arg-rich domain followed by an RNA recognition motif. CID binds tightly to the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase (Pol) II (RNAP II). During transcription, RNAP II synthesizes eukaryotic messenger RNA. Transcription is coupled to RNA processing through the CTD, which consists of up to 52 repeats of the sequence Tyr1-Ser2-Pro3-Thr4-Ser5-Pro6-Ser7. CID contains eight alpha-helices in a right-handed superhelical arrangement, which closely resembles that of the VHS domains and ARM (Armadillo) repeat proteins, except for its two amino-terminal helices.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958642338   90 FNSELYSLNDYKPPISKAKMTQITKAAIKAIKFYKHVVQSVEKFIQKCKPEYKVPGLYVIDSIVRQSRHQFGQEKDVFAP 169
Cdd:cd17005      3 FNQELFSLMDMKPPISRAKMILITKAAIKAIKLYKHVVQIVEKFIKKCKPEYKVPGLYVIDSIVRQSRHQFGADKDVFGP 82

                           90       100       110       120
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1958642338  170 RFSNNIISTFQNLYRCPGDDKSKIVRVLNLWQKNNVFKSEIIQPLLDMA 218
Cdd:cd17005     83 RFSKNITATFQYLYLCPSEDKSKIVRVLNLWQKNGVFKIEIIQPLLDMA 131

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in SR-related and CTD-associated factor 8 (SCAF8) and similar proteins; This subgroup corresponds to the RRM of SCAF8 (also termed CDC5L complex-associated protein 7, or RNA-binding motif protein 16, or CTD-binding SR-like protein RA8), a nuclear matrix protein that interacts specifically with a highly serine-phosphorylated form of the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (pol II). The pol II CTD plays a role in coupling transcription and pre-mRNA processing. SCAF8 co-localizes primarily with transcription sites that are enriched in nuclear matrix fraction, which is known to contain proteins involved in pre-mRNA processing. Thus, SCAF8 may play a direct role in coupling with both, transcription and pre-mRNA processing, processes. SCAF8, together with SCAF4, represents a new class of SCAFs (SR-like CTD-associated factors). They contain a conserved N-terminal CTD-interacting domain (CID), an atypical RNA recognition motif (RRM), also termed RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain), and serine/arginine-rich motifs.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1958642338  558 CSTTLWVGQVDKKATQQDLTNLFEEFGQIESINMIPPRGCAYVCMVHRQDSFRALQKLSSGSYKIGSKVIKIAWALNKG 636
Cdd:cd12462      1 CSTTLWVGQVDKKATQQDLTNLFEEFGQIESINMIPPRGCAYVCMVHRQDAYRALQKLSTGSFKIGSKIIKIAWALNKG 79

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in SR-related and CTD-associated factor 4 (SCAF4), SR-related and CTD-associated factor 8 (SCAF8) and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM in a new class of SCAFs (SR-like CTD-associated factors), including SCAF4, SCAF8 and similar proteins. The biological role of SCAF4 remains unclear, but it shows high sequence similarity to SCAF8 (also termed CDC5L complex-associated protein 7, or RNA-binding motif protein 16, or CTD-binding SR-like protein RA8). SCAF8 is a nuclear matrix protein that interacts specifically with a highly serine-phosphorylated form of the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (pol II). The pol II CTD plays a role in coupling transcription and pre-mRNA processing. In addition, SCAF8 co-localizes primarily with transcription sites that are enriched in nuclear matrix fraction, which is known to contain proteins involved in pre-mRNA processing. Thus, SCAF8 may play a direct role in coupling with both, transcription and pre-mRNA processing, processes. SCAF8 and SCAF4 both contain a conserved N-terminal CTD-interacting domain (CID), an atypical RNA recognition motif (RRM), also termed RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domain), and serine/arginine-rich motifs.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1958642338  558 CSTTLWVGQVDKKATQQDLTNLFEEFGQIESINMIPPRGCAYVCMVHRQDSFRALQKLSsgSYKIGSKVIKIAWALNKG 636
Cdd:cd12227      1 CSTTLWVGHLSKKVTQEELKNLFEEYGEIQSIDMIPPRGCAYVCMKTRQDAHRALQKLK--NHKLRGKSIKIAWAPNKG 77

domain present in proteins, which are involved in regulation of nuclear pre-mRNA;

                            10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958642338    89 TFNSELYSLNdykppISKAKMTQITKAAIKAIKFYKHVVQSVEKFIQKCKPEYKVPGLYVIDSIVRQSRHQFG-QEKDVF 167
Cdd:smart00582    1 AFEQKLESLN-----NSQESIQTLTKWAIEHASHAKEIVELWEKYIKKAPVPRKLPLLYLLDSIVQNSKRKYGsEFGDEL 75

                            90       100       110       120       130
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958642338   168 APRFSNNIISTFQNLYRcpgDDKSKIVRVLNLWQKNNVFKSEIIQPLLDM 217
Cdd:smart00582   76 GPVFQDALRRVLGAAPE---ELKKKIRRLLNIWEERGIFPPEVLRPLREK 122

CID (CTD-Interacting Domain) of Pcf11; Pcf11 is conserved across eukaryotes. The best studied protein is Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pcf11, also called protein 1 of CF I, an essential subunit of the cleavage factor IA (CFIA) complex which is required for polyadenylation-dependent pre-mRNA 3'-end processing and RNA polymerase (Pol) II (RNAP II) transcription termination. Human Pcf11, also referred to as pre-mRNA cleavage complex 2 protein Pcf11, has been shown to enhance degradation of RNAP II-associated nascent RNA and transcriptional termination. The family also includes plant PCFS4 (Pcf11-similar-4 protein or Polyadenylation and cleavage factor homolog 4) and Caenorhabditis elegans Polyadenylation and cleavage factor homolog 11. CID binds tightly to the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of RNAP II. Pcf11 CID preferentially interacts with CTD phosphorylated at Ser2. During transcription, RNAP II synthesizes eukaryotic messenger RNA. Transcription is coupled to RNA processing through the CTD, which consists of up to 52 repeats of the sequence Tyr1-Ser2-Pro3-Thr4-Ser5-Pro6-Ser7. CID contains eight alpha-helices in a right-handed superhelical arrangement, which closely resembles that of the VHS domains and ARM (Armadillo) repeat proteins, except for its two amino-terminal helices.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958642338   87 VKTFNSELYSLNDYkppiSKAKMTQITKAAIKAIKFYKHVVQSVEKFIQKCKPEYKVPGLYVIDSIVrqsrhqfgqeKDV 166
Cdd:cd16982      1 VEEYRSALAELTFN----SKPIINNLTMLAEENIQAAQAIVEAIEERIRKVPPEQKLPALYLLDSIV----------KNV 66

                           90       100       110
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1958642338  167 ---FAPRFSNNIISTFQNLYR-CPGDDKSKIVRVLNLW 200
Cdd:cd16982     67 ggpYTSLFSPNLVDLFLDAYRlVDEKTRKKLEKLLNTW 104

RNA recognition motif;

                            10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1958642338   561 TLWVGQVDKKATQQDLTNLFEEFGQIESINMIP------PRGCAYVCMVHRQDSFRALQKLssGSYKIGSKVIKI 629
Cdd:smart00360    1 TLFVGNLPPDTTEEELRELFSKFGKVESVRLVRdketgkSKGFAFVEFESEEDAEKALEAL--NGKELDGRPLKV 73

RNA recognition motif 3 (RRM3) found in yeast negative growth regulatory protein NGR1 (RBP1), yeast protein NAM8 and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM3 of NGR1 and NAM8. NGR1, also termed RNA-binding protein RBP1, is a putative glucose-repressible protein that binds both RNA and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in yeast. It may function in regulating cell growth in early log phase, possibly through its participation in RNA metabolism. NGR1 contains two RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains), followed by a glutamine-rich stretch that may be involved in transcriptional activity. In addition, NGR1 has an asparagine-rich region near the carboxyl terminus which also harbors a methionine-rich region. The family also includes protein NAM8, which is a putative RNA-binding protein that acts as a suppressor of mitochondrial splicing deficiencies when overexpressed in yeast. It may be a non-essential component of the mitochondrial splicing machinery. Like NGR1, NAM8 contains two RRMs.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1958642338  560 TTLWVGQVDKKATQQDLTNLFEEFGQIESINMIPPRGCAYVCMVHRQDSFRALQKLSsgSYKIGSKVIKIAW 631
Cdd:cd12346      2 TTVFVGGLDPNVTEEDLRVLFGPFGEIVYVKIPPGKGCGFVQFVNRASAEAAIQKLQ--GTPIGGSRIRLSW 71

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) and 2 (RRM2) found in CELF/Bruno-like family of RNA binding proteins and plant flowering time control protein FCA; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM1 and RRM2 domains of the CUGBP1 and ETR-3-like factors (CELF) as well as plant flowering time control protein FCA. CELF, also termed BRUNOL (Bruno-like) proteins, is a family of structurally related RNA-binding proteins involved in regulation of pre-mRNA splicing in the nucleus, and control of mRNA translation and deadenylation in the cytoplasm. The family contains six members: CELF-1 (also known as BRUNOL-2, CUG-BP1, NAPOR, EDEN-BP), CELF-2 (also known as BRUNOL-3, ETR-3, CUG-BP2, NAPOR-2), CELF-3 (also known as BRUNOL-1, TNRC4, ETR-1, CAGH4, ER DA4), CELF-4 (BRUNOL-4), CELF-5 (BRUNOL-5) and CELF-6 (BRUNOL-6). They all contain three highly conserved RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also known as RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains): two consecutive RRMs (RRM1 and RRM2) situated in the N-terminal region followed by a linker region and the third RRM (RRM3) close to the C-terminus of the protein. The low sequence conservation of the linker region is highly suggestive of a large variety in the co-factors that associate with the various CELF family members. Based on both, sequence similarity and function, the CELF family can be divided into two subfamilies, the first containing CELFs 1 and 2, and the second containing CELFs 3, 4, 5, and 6. The different CELF proteins may act through different sites on at least some substrates. Furthermore, CELF proteins may interact with each other in varying combinations to influence alternative splicing in different contexts. This subfamily also includes plant flowering time control protein FCA that functions in the posttranscriptional regulation of transcripts involved in the flowering process. FCA contains two RRMs, and a WW protein interaction domain.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958642338  562 LWVGQVDKKATQQDLTNLFEEFGQIESINMI------PPRGCAYVCMVHRQDSFRALQKL 615
Cdd:cd12361      2 LFVGMIPKTASEEDVRPLFEQFGNIEEVQILrdkqtgQSKGCAFVTFSTREEALRAIEAL 61

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in U2-associated protein SR140 and similar proteins; This subgroup corresponds to the RRM of SR140 (also termed U2 snRNP-associated SURP motif-containing protein orU2SURP, or 140 kDa Ser/Arg-rich domain protein) which is a putative splicing factor mainly found in higher eukaryotes. Although it is initially identified as one of the 17S U2 snRNP-associated proteins, the molecular and physiological function of SR140 remains unclear. SR140 contains an N-terminal RNA recognition motif (RRM), also termed RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain), a SWAP/SURP domain that is found in a number of pre-mRNA splicing factors in the middle region, and a C-terminal arginine/serine-rich domain (RS domain).

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958642338  559 STTLWVGQVDKKATQQDLTNLFEEFGQIESINMIPPRG---------CAYVCMVHRQDSFRALQKLSsgSYKIGSKVIKI 629
Cdd:cd12223      1 TTNLYVGNLPPSVTEEVLLREFGRFGPLASVKIMWPRTeeerrrnrnCGFVAFMSRADAERAMRELN--GKDVMGYELKL 78

                   ...
gi 1958642338  630 AWA 632
Cdd:cd12223     79 GWG 81

RNA recognition motif 2 (RRM2) and 4 (RRM4) found in RNA-binding protein MRN1 and similar proteins; This subgroup corresponds to the RRM2 and RRM4 of MRN1, also termed multicopy suppressor of RSC-NHP6 synthetic lethality protein 1, or post-transcriptional regulator of 69 kDa, and is an RNA-binding protein found in yeast. Although its specific biological role remains unclear, MRN1 might be involved in translational regulation. Members in this family contain four copies of conserved RNA recognition motif (RRM), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain).

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1958642338  559 STTLWVGQVDKKATQQDLTNLFEEFGQIESINMIPPRGCAYVCMVHRQDSFRALQKLSSGsyKIGSKVIKIAWA 632
Cdd:cd12262      3 SRNVYVGNLDDSLTEEEIRGILEKYGEIESIKILKEKNCAFVNYLNIANAIKAVQELPIK--NPKFKKVRINYG 74

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit G (eIF-3G) and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM of eIF-3G and similar proteins. eIF-3G, also termed eIF-3 subunit 4, or eIF-3-delta, or eIF3-p42, or eIF3-p44, is the RNA-binding subunit of eIF3, a large multisubunit complex that plays a central role in the initiation of translation by binding to the 40 S ribosomal subunit and promoting the binding of methionyl-tRNAi and mRNA. eIF-3G binds 18 S rRNA and beta-globin mRNA, and therefore appears to be a nonspecific RNA-binding protein. eIF-3G is one of the cytosolic targets and interacts with mature apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). eIF-3G contains one RNA recognition motif (RRM), also termed RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain). This family also includes yeast eIF3-p33, a homolog of vertebrate eIF-3G, plays an important role in the initiation phase of protein synthesis in yeast. It binds both, mRNA and rRNA, fragments due to an RRM near its C-terminus.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1958642338  561 TLWVGQVDKKATQQDLTNLFEEFGQIESINmIP-------PRGCAYVCMVHRQDSFRALQKLSSGSYKigSKVIKIAWA 632
Cdd:cd12408      1 TIRVTNLSEDATEEDLRELFRPFGPISRVY-LAkdketgqSKGFAFVTFETREDAERAIEKLNGFGYD--NLILSVEWA 76

CID (CTD-Interacting Domain) of Regulation of nuclear pre-mRNA domain-containing proteins; This family is composed of Regulation of nuclear pre-mRNA domain-containing proteins 1A (RPRD1A), 1B (RPRD1B), 2 (RPRD2), yeast Rtt103, and similar proteins. RPRD1A, RPRD1B, and RPRD2 are CID (CTD-Interacting Domain) containing proteins that co-purify with RNA polymerase (Pol) II (RNAP II) and three other RNAP II-associated proteins, RPAP2, GRINL1A and RECQL5, but not with the Mediator complex. Yeast transcription termination factor Rtt103 is a CID containing protein that functions in DNA damage response. CID binds tightly to the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of RNAP II. During transcription, RNAP II synthesizes eukaryotic messenger RNA. Transcription is coupled to RNA processing through the CTD, which consists of up to 52 repeats of the sequence Tyr1-Ser2-Pro3-Thr4-Ser5-Pro6-Ser7. CID contains eight alpha-helices in a right-handed superhelical arrangement, which closely resembles that of the VHS domains and ARM (Armadillo) repeat proteins, except for its two amino-terminal helices.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958642338  121 KFYKHVVQSVEKFIQKCKPEYKVPGLYVIDSIVRQSRHQFGQEkdvFAPRFSNNIISTFQnLYRCPGDD--KSKIVRVLN 198
Cdd:cd16981     30 KHAKQIVKIWLKELKKAKPERKLTLLYLANDVLQNSRRKGAPE---FVEAFKKVLPEALA-LVRSEGDEsvRKKVLRVLN 105

                           90
                   ....*....|....*....
gi 1958642338  199 LWQKNNVFKSEIIQPLLDM 217
Cdd:cd16981    106 IWEERNVFGSEFLAELRAI 124

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe mRNA export factor Crp79 and similar proteins; Crp79, also called meiotic expression up-regulated protein 5 (Mug5), or polyadenylate-binding protein crp79, or PABP, or poly(A)-binding protein, is an auxiliary mRNA export factor that binds the poly(A) tail of mRNA and is involved in the export of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Members in this family contain three RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains). The model corresponds to the first RRM motif.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958642338  559 STTLWVGQVDKKATQQDLTNLFEEFGQIESInMIPP---------RGCAYVCMVHRQDSFRALQKLssGSYKIGSKVIKI 629
Cdd:cd21619      1 SNTIYVGNIDMTINEDALEKIFSRYGQVESV-RRPPihtdkadrtTGFGFIKYTDAESAERAMQQA--DGILLGRRRLVV 77

                   .
gi 1958642338  630 A 630
Cdd:cd21619     78 R 78

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) found in granule-associated RNA binding proteins p40-TIA-1 and TIAR; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM1 of nucleolysin TIA-1 isoform p40 (p40-TIA-1 or TIA-1) and nucleolysin TIA-1-related protein (TIAR), both of which are granule-associated RNA binding proteins involved in inducing apoptosis in cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) target cells. TIA-1 and TIAR share high sequence similarity. They are expressed in a wide variety of cell types. TIA-1 can be phosphorylated by a serine/threonine kinase that is activated during Fas-mediated apoptosis.TIAR is mainly localized in the nucleus of hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells. It is translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in response to exogenous triggers of apoptosis. Both, TIA-1 and TIAR, bind specifically to poly(A) but not to poly(C) homopolymers. They are composed of three N-terminal highly homologous RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains), and a glutamine-rich C-terminal auxiliary domain containing a lysosome-targeting motif. TIA-1 and TIAR interact with RNAs containing short stretches of uridylates and their RRM2 can mediate the specific binding to uridylate-rich RNAs. The C-terminal auxiliary domain may be responsible for interacting with other proteins. In addition, TIA-1 and TIAR share a potential serine protease-cleavage site (Phe-Val-Arg) localized at the junction between their RNA binding domains and their C-terminal auxiliary domains.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1958642338  562 LWVGQVDKKATQQDLTNLFEEFGQIESINMIPPRGC----AYVCMVHRQDSFRALQKLSsgSYKIGSKVIKIAWA 632
Cdd:cd12352      1 LYVGNLDRQVTEDLILQLFSQIGPCKSCKMITEHGGndpyCFVEFYEHNHAAAALQAMN--GRKILGKEVKVNWA 73

CID (CTD-Interacting Domain) of Regulation of nuclear pre-mRNA domain-containing protein 1A; Regulation of nuclear pre-mRNA domain-containing protein 1A (RPRD1A) is also called Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B-related protein or p15INK4B-related protein (P15RS). RPRD1A is a CID (CTD-Interacting Domain) containing protein that co-purifies with RNA polymerase (Pol) II (RNAP II) and three other RNAP II-associated proteins, RPAP2, GRINL1A and RECQL5, but not with the Mediator complex. CID binds tightly to the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of RNAP II. During transcription, RNAP II synthesizes eukaryotic messenger RNA. Transcription is coupled to RNA processing through the CTD, which consists of up to 52 repeats of the sequence Tyr1-Ser2-Pro3-Thr4-Ser5-Pro6-Ser7. RPRD1A form homodimers and heterodimers with RPRD1B through their coiled-coil domains. Both RPRD1A and RPRD1B associate directly with RPAP2 phosphatase and serve as CTD scaffolds to coordinate the dephosphorylation of phospho-S5 by RPAP2. CID contains eight alpha-helices in a right-handed superhelical arrangement, which closely resembles that of the VHS domains and ARM (Armadillo) repeat proteins, except for its two amino-terminal helices.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958642338  121 KFYKHVVQSVEKFIQKCKPEYKVPGLYVIDSIVRQSRHQfGQEkdvFAPRFSNNIISTFQNLYRcPGDD--KSKIVRVLN 198
Cdd:cd17011     32 KHSRPIVTVWERELRKAKPNRKLTFLYLANDVIQNSKRK-GPE---FTKDFAPVIVEAFKHVSS-ETDEscKKHLGRVLS 106

                           90
                   ....*....|....*.
gi 1958642338  199 LWQKNNVFKSEIIQPL 214
Cdd:cd17011    107 IWEERSVYENDVLEQL 122

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) and 2 (RRM2) found in the matrin 3 family of nuclear proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM of the matrin 3 family of nuclear proteins consisting of Matrin 3 (MATR3), nuclear protein 220 (NP220) and similar proteins. MATR3 is a highly conserved inner nuclear matrix protein that has been implicated in various biological processes. NP220 is a large nucleoplasmic DNA-binding protein that binds to cytidine-rich sequences, such as CCCCC (G/C), in double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). Both, Matrin 3 and NP220, contain two RNA recognition motif (RRM), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains), and a Cys2-His2 zinc finger-like motif at the C-terminal region.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1958642338  570 KATQQDLTNLFEEFGQIESINMIPPRGCAYVCMVHRQDSFRALQKLSSGSYKIGSKVIKIA 630
Cdd:cd12436     12 KYSEEDVLKLAEPFGKVNNVLLIRSKREAFIEMETAEDAQAMLSYCKTKPITIKGKKVKVS 72

RNA recognition motif 2 (RRM2) found in CUGBP Elav-like family member CELF-1, CELF-2 and similar proteins; This subgroup corresponds to the RRM2 of CELF-1 (also termed BRUNOL-2, or CUG-BP1, or EDEN-BP), CELF-2 (also termed BRUNOL-3, or ETR-3, or CUG-BP2, or NAPOR), both of which belong to the CUGBP1 and ETR-3-like factors (CELF) or BRUNOL (Bruno-like) family of RNA-binding proteins that have been implicated in the regulation of pre-mRNA splicing and in the control of mRNA translation and deadenylation. CELF-1 is strongly expressed in all adult and fetal tissues tested. Human CELF-1 is a nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA-binding protein that regulates multiple aspects of nuclear and cytoplasmic mRNA processing, with implications for onset of type 1 myotonic dystrophy (DM1), a neuromuscular disease associated with an unstable CUG triplet expansion in the 3'-UTR (3'-untranslated region) of the DMPK (myotonic dystrophy protein kinase) gene; it preferentially targets UGU-rich mRNA elements. It has been shown to bind to a Bruno response element, a cis-element involved in translational control of oskar mRNA in Drosophila, and share sequence similarity to Bruno, the Drosophila protein that mediates this process. The Xenopus homolog embryo deadenylation element-binding protein (EDEN-BP) mediates sequence-specific deadenylation of Eg5 mRNA. It binds specifically to the EDEN motif in the 3'-untranslated regions of maternal mRNAs and targets these mRNAs for deadenylation and translational repression. CELF-1 contains three highly conserved RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also known as RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains): two consecutive RRMs (RRM1 and RRM2) situated in the N-terminal region followed by a linker region and the third RRM (RRM3) close to the C-terminus of the protein. The two N-terminal RRMs of EDEN-BP are necessary for the interaction with EDEN as well as a part of the linker region (between RRM2 and RRM3). Oligomerization of EDEN-BP is required for specific mRNA deadenylation and binding. CELF-2 is expressed in all tissues at some level, but highest in brain, heart, and thymus. It has been implicated in the regulation of nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA processing events, including alternative splicing, RNA editing, stability and translation. CELF-2 shares high sequence identity with CELF-1, but shows different binding specificity; it preferentially binds to sequences with UG repeats and UGUU motifs. It has been shown to bind to a Bruno response element, a cis-element involved in translational control of oskar mRNA in Drosophila, and share sequence similarity to Bruno, the Drosophila protein that mediates this process. It also binds to the 3'-UTR of cyclooxygenase-2 messages, affecting both translation and mRNA stability, and binds to apoB mRNA, regulating its C to U editing. CELF-2 also contains three highly conserved RRMs. It binds to RNA via the first two RRMs, which are also important for localization in the cytoplasm. The splicing activation or repression activity of CELF-2 on some specific substrates is mediated by RRM1/RRM2. Both, RRM1 and RRM2 of CELF-2, can activate cardiac troponin T (cTNT) exon 5 inclusion. In addition, CELF-2 possesses a typical arginine and lysine-rich nuclear localization signal (NLS) in the C-terminus, within RRM3.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1958642338  562 LWVGQVDKKATQQDLTNLFEEFGQIESINMIP-----PRGCAYVCMVHR---QDSFRALQK 614
Cdd:cd12634      4 LFIGMVSKKCNENDIRVMFSPFGQIEECRILRgpdglSRGCAFVTFSTRamaQNAIKAMHQ 64

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) found in CUGBP Elav-like family member CELF-3, CELF-4, CELF-5, CELF-6 and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM1 of CELF-3, CELF-4, CELF-5, CELF-6, all of which belong to the CUGBP1 and ETR-3-like factors (CELF) or BRUNOL (Bruno-like) family of RNA-binding proteins that display dual nuclear and cytoplasmic localizations and have been implicated in the regulation of pre-mRNA splicing and in the control of mRNA translation and deadenylation. CELF-3, expressed in brain and testis only, is also known as bruno-like protein 1 (BRUNOL-1), or CAG repeat protein 4, or CUG-BP- and ETR-3-like factor 3, or embryonic lethal abnormal vision (ELAV)-type RNA-binding protein 1 (ETR-1), or expanded repeat domain protein CAG/CTG 4, or trinucleotide repeat-containing gene 4 protein (TNRC4). It plays an important role in the pathogenesis of tauopathies. CELF-3 contains three highly conserved RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also known as RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains): two consecutive RRMs (RRM1 and RRM2) situated in the N-terminal region followed by a linker region and the third RRM (RRM3) close to the C-terminus of the protein.The effect of CELF-3 on tau splicing is mediated mainly by the RNA-binding activity of RRM2. The divergent linker region might mediate the interaction of CELF-3 with other proteins regulating its activity or involved in target recognition. CELF-4, highly expressed throughout the brain and in glandular tissues, moderately expressed in heart, skeletal muscle, and liver, is also known as bruno-like protein 4 (BRUNOL-4), or CUG-BP- and ETR-3-like factor 4. Like CELF-3, CELF-4 also contain three highly conserved RRMs. The splicing activation or repression activity of CELF-4 on some specific substrates is mediated by its RRM1/RRM2. On the other hand, both RRM1 and RRM2 of CELF-4 can activate cardiac troponin T (cTNT) exon 5 inclusion. CELF-5, expressed in brain, is also known as bruno-like protein 5 (BRUNOL-5), or CUG-BP- and ETR-3-like factor 5. Although its biological role remains unclear, CELF-5 shares same domain architecture with CELF-3. CELF-6, strongly expressed in kidney, brain, and testis, is also known as bruno-like protein 6 (BRUNOL-6), or CUG-BP- and ETR-3-like factor 6. It activates exon inclusion of a cardiac troponin T minigene in transient transfection assays in an muscle-specific splicing enhancer (MSE)-dependent manner and can activate inclusion via multiple copies of a single element, MSE2. CELF-6 also promotes skipping of exon 11 of insulin receptor, a known target of CELF activity that is expressed in kidney. In additiona to three highly conserved RRMs, CELF-6 also possesses numerous potential phosphorylation sites, a potential nuclear localization signal (NLS) at the C terminus, and an alanine-rich region within the divergent linker region.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1958642338  559 STTLWVGQVDKKATQQDLTNLFEEFGQIESINMIPPR------GCAYVCMVHRQDSFRA 611
Cdd:cd12632      5 AIKLFIGQIPRNLEEKDLRPLFEQFGKIYELTVLKDKytgmhkGCAFLTYCARESALKA 63

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) found in CUGBP Elav-like family member CELF-1, CELF-2, Drosophila melanogaster Bruno protein and similar proteins; This subgroup corresponds to the RRM1 of CELF-1, CELF-2 and Bruno protein. CELF-1 (also termed BRUNOL-2, or CUG-BP1, or EDEN-BP) and CELF-2 (also termed BRUNOL-3, or ETR-3, or CUG-BP2, or NAPOR) belong to the CUGBP1 and ETR-3-like factors (CELF) or BRUNOL (Bruno-like) family of RNA-binding proteins that have been implicated in regulation of pre-mRNA splicing, and control of mRNA translation and deadenylation. CELF-1 is strongly expressed in all adult and fetal tissues tested. The human CELF-1 is a nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA-binding protein that regulates multiple aspects of nuclear and cytoplasmic mRNA processing, with implications for onset of type 1 myotonic dystrophy (DM1), a neuromuscular disease associated with an unstable CUG triplet expansion in the 3'-UTR (3'-untranslated region) of the DMPK (myotonic dystrophy protein kinase) gene; it preferentially targets UGU-rich mRNA elements. It has been shown to bind to a Bruno response element, a cis-element involved in translational control of oskar mRNA in Drosophila, and share sequence similarity to Bruno, the Drosophila protein that mediates this process. The Xenopus homolog embryo deadenylation element-binding protein (EDEN-BP) mediates sequence-specific deadenylation of Eg5 mRNA. It binds specifically to the EDEN motif in the 3'-untranslated regions of maternal mRNAs and targets these mRNAs for deadenylation and translational repression. CELF-1 contain three highly conserved RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also known as RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains): two consecutive RRMs (RRM1 and RRM2) situated in the N-terminal region followed by a linker region and the third RRM (RRM3) close to the C-terminus of the protein. The two N-terminal RRMs of EDEN-BP are necessary for the interaction with EDEN as well as a part of the linker region (between RRM2 and RRM3). Oligomerization of EDEN-BP is required for specific mRNA deadenylation and binding. CELF-2 is expressed in all tissues at some level, but highest in brain, heart, and thymus. It has been implicated in the regulation of nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA processing events, including alternative splicing, RNA editing, stability and translation. CELF-2 shares high sequence identity with CELF-1, but shows different binding specificity; it binds preferentially to sequences with UG repeats and UGUU motifs. It has been shown to bind to a Bruno response element, a cis-element involved in translational control of oskar mRNA in Drosophila, and share sequence similarity to Bruno, the Drosophila protein that mediates this process. It also binds to the 3'-UTR of cyclooxygenase-2 messages, affecting both translation and mRNA stability, and binds to apoB mRNA, regulating its C to U editing. CELF-2 also contains three highly conserved RRMs. It binds to RNA via the first two RRMs, which are also important for localization in the cytoplasm. The splicing activation or repression activity of CELF-2 on some specific substrates is mediated by RRM1/RRM2. Both, RRM1 and RRM2 of CELF-2, can activate cardiac troponin T (cTNT) exon 5 inclusion. In addition, CELF-2 possesses a typical arginine and lysine-rich nuclear localization signal (NLS) in the C-terminus, within RRM3. This subgroup also includes Drosophila melanogaster Bruno protein, which plays a central role in regulation of Oskar (Osk) expression in flies. It mediates repression by binding to regulatory Bruno response elements (BREs) in the Osk mRNA 3' UTR. The full-length Bruno protein contains three RRMs, two located in the N-terminal half of the protein and the third near the C-terminus, separated by a linker region.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1958642338  562 LWVGQVDKKATQQDLTNLFEEFGQIESINMI------PP--RGCAYVCMVHRQDSFRA 611
Cdd:cd12631      4 MFVGQIPRSWSEKELRELFEQYGAVYQINVLrdrsqnPPqsKGCCFVTFYTRKAALEA 61

RNA recognition motif 2 (RRM2) found in CUGBP Elav-like family member CELF-3, CELF-4, CELF-5, CELF-6 and similar proteins; This subgroup corresponds to the RRM2 of CELF-3, CELF-4, CELF-5, and CELF-6, all of which belong to the CUGBP1 and ETR-3-like factors (CELF) or BRUNOL (Bruno-like) family of RNA-binding proteins that display dual nuclear and cytoplasmic localizations and have been implicated in the regulation of pre-mRNA splicing and in the control of mRNA translation and deadenylation. CELF-3, expressed in brain and testis only, is also known as bruno-like protein 1 (BRUNOL-1), or CAG repeat protein 4, or CUG-BP- and ETR-3-like factor 3, or embryonic lethal abnormal vision (ELAV)-type RNA-binding protein 1 (ETR-1), or expanded repeat domain protein CAG/CTG 4, or trinucleotide repeat-containing gene 4 protein (TNRC4). It plays an important role in the pathogenesis of tauopathies. CELF-3 contains three highly conserved RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also known as RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains): two consecutive RRMs (RRM1 and RRM2) situated in the N-terminal region followed by a linker region and the third RRM (RRM3) close to the C-terminus of the protein. The effect of CELF-3 on tau splicing is mediated mainly by the RNA-binding activity of RRM2. The divergent linker region might mediate the interaction of CELF-3 with other proteins regulating its activity or involved in target recognition. CELF-4, being highly expressed throughout the brain and in glandular tissues, moderately expressed in heart, skeletal muscle, and liver, is also known as bruno-like protein 4 (BRUNOL-4), or CUG-BP- and ETR-3-like factor 4. Like CELF-3, CELF-4 also contain three highly conserved RRMs. The splicing activation or repression activity of CELF-4 on some specific substrates is mediated by its RRM1/RRM2. On the other hand, both RRM1 and RRM2 of CELF-4 can activate cardiac troponin T (cTNT) exon 5 inclusion. CELF-5, expressed in brain, is also known as bruno-like protein 5 (BRUNOL-5), or CUG-BP- and ETR-3-like factor 5. Although its biological role remains unclear, CELF-5 shares same domain architecture with CELF-3. CELF-6, being strongly expressed in kidney, brain, and testis, is also known as bruno-like protein 6 (BRUNOL-6), or CUG-BP- and ETR-3-like factor 6. It activates exon inclusion of a cardiac troponin T minigene in transient transfection assays in a muscle-specific splicing enhancer (MSE)-dependent manner and can activate inclusion via multiple copies of a single element, MSE2. CELF-6 also promotes skipping of exon 11 of insulin receptor, a known target of CELF activity that is expressed in kidney. In addition to three highly conserved RRMs, CELF-6 also possesses numerous potential phosphorylation sites, a potential nuclear localization signal (NLS) at the C terminus, and an alanine-rich region within the divergent linker region.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1958642338  562 LWVGQVDKKATQQDLTNLFEEFGQIESINMI-----PPRGCAYVCMVHRQDSFRALQKLsSGSYKI----GSKVIKIA 630
Cdd:cd12635      4 LFVGMLGKQQSEDDVRRLFEPFGSIEECTILrgpdgNSKGCAFVKFSSHAEAQAAINAL-HGSQTMpgasSSLVVKFA 80

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in yeast pre-mRNA-splicing factor Cwc2 and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM of yeast protein Cwc2, also termed Complexed with CEF1 protein 2, or PRP19-associated complex protein 40 (Ntc40), or synthetic lethal with CLF1 protein 3, one of the components of the Prp19-associated complex [nineteen complex (NTC)] that can bind to RNA. NTC is composed of the scaffold protein Prp19 and a number of associated splicing factors, and plays a crucial role in intron removal during premature mRNA splicing in eukaryotes. Cwc2 functions as an RNA-binding protein that can bind both small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) and pre-mRNA in vitro. It interacts directly with the U6 snRNA to link the NTC to the spliceosome during pre-mRNA splicing. In the N-terminal half, Cwc2 contains a CCCH-type zinc finger (ZnF domain), a RNA recognition motif (RRM), also termed RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain), and an intervening loop, also termed RNA-binding loop or RB loop, between ZnF and RRM, all of which are necessary and sufficient for RNA binding. The ZnF is also responsible for mediating protein-protein interaction. The C-terminal flexible region of Cwc2 interacts with the WD40 domain of Prp19.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958642338  561 TLWVGQVD-KKATQQDLTNL----FEEFGQIESINMIPPRGCAYVCMVHR-QDSF----RALQKLSsgsykiGSKVIKIA 630
Cdd:cd12360      3 TLYVGGIKaASNKLAQIEEIlrrhFGEWGEIERIRVLPSKGIAFVRYKNRaNAEFakeaMADQSLD------GGEVLNVR 76

                   ..
gi 1958642338  631 WA 632
Cdd:cd12360     77 WA 78

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) found in yeast nucleolar protein 4 (Nop4p) and similar proteins; This subgroup corresponds to the RRM1 of Nop4p (also known as Nop77p), encoded by YPL043W from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It is an essential nucleolar protein involved in processing and maturation of 27S pre-rRNA and biogenesis of 60S ribosomal subunits. Nop4p has four RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains).

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1958642338  560 TTLWVGQVDKKATQQDLTNLFEEFGQIESINMI------PPRGCAYVCMVHRQDSFRALQKLSsgSYKIGSKVIKIAWA 632
Cdd:cd12674      1 TTLFVRNLPFDVTLESLTDFFSDIGPVKHAVVVtdpetkKSRGYGFVSFSTHDDAEEALAKLK--NRKLSGHILKLDFA 77

RNA recognition motif 1 (RRM1) found in RNA-binding protein 34 (RBM34) and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM1 of RBM34, a putative RNA-binding protein containing two RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains). Although the function of RBM34 remains unclear currently, its RRM domains may participate in mRNA processing. RBM34 may act as an mRNA processing-related protein.

                           10        20        30
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1958642338  561 TLWVGQVDKKATQQDLTNLFEEFGQIESINM 591
Cdd:cd12394      2 TVFVGNLPVTVKKKALKKLFKEFGKIESVRF 32

RNA recognition motif 2 (RRM2) found in the Spen (split end) protein family; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM2 domain in the Spen (split end) protein family which includes RNA binding motif protein 15 (RBM15), putative RNA binding motif protein 15B (RBM15B), and similar proteins found in Metazoa. RBM15, also termed one-twenty two protein 1 (OTT1), conserved in eukaryotes, is a novel mRNA export factor and component of the NXF1 pathway. It binds to NXF1 and serves as receptor for the RNA export element RTE. It also possess mRNA export activity and can facilitate the access of DEAD-box protein DBP5 to mRNA at the nuclear pore complex (NPC). RNA-binding protein 15B (RBM15B), also termed one twenty-two 3 (OTT3), is a paralog of RBM15 and therefore has post-transcriptional regulatory activity. It is a nuclear protein sharing with RBM15 the association with the splicing factor compartment and the nuclear envelope as well as the binding to mRNA export factors NXF1 and Aly/REF. Members in this family belong to the Spen (split end) protein family, which share a domain architecture comprising of three N-terminal RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain), and a C-terminal SPOC (Spen paralog and ortholog C-terminal) domain.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1958642338  561 TLWVGQVDKKATQQDLTNLFEEFGQIESINMI-PPRGC----AYVCMVHRQDSFRAlqKLS-SGSYkIGSKVIKIAW 631
Cdd:cd12309      4 TLFVGNLEITITEEELRRAFERYGVVEDVDIKrPPRGQgnayAFVKFLNLDMAHRA--KVAmSGQY-IGRNQIKIGY 77

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in the Aly/REF family; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM of Aly/REF family which includes THO complex subunit 4 (THOC4, also termed Aly/REF), S6K1 Aly/REF-like target (SKAR, also termed PDIP3 or PDIP46) and similar proteins. THOC4 is an mRNA transporter protein with a well conserved RNA recognition motif (RRM), also termed RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain). It is involved in RNA transportation from the nucleus, and was initially identified as a transcription coactivator of LEF-1 and AML-1 for the TCRalpha enhancer function. In addition, THOC4 specifically binds to rhesus (RH) promoter in erythroid, and might be a novel transcription cofactor for erythroid-specific genes. SKAR shows high sequence homology with THOC4 and possesses one RRM as well. SKAR is widely expressed and localizes to the nucleus. It may be a critical player in the function of S6K1 in cell and organism growth control by binding the activated, hyperphosphorylated form of S6K1 but not S6K2. Furthermore, SKAR functions as a protein partner of the p50 subunit of DNA polymerase delta. In addition, SKAR may have particular importance in pancreatic beta cell size determination and insulin secretion.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1958642338  572 TQQDLTNLFEEFGQIESINMIPPR-----GCAYVCMVHRQDSFRALQKL 615
Cdd:cd12418     13 TEEDLRELFGRVGPVKSVKINYDRsgrstGTAYVVFERPEDAEKAIKQF 61

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in Arabidopsis thaliana arginine/serine-rich-splicing factor RSp31 and similar proteins from plants; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM1in a family that represents a novel group of arginine/serine (RS) or serine/arginine (SR) splicing factors existing in plants, such as A. thaliana RSp31, RSp35, RSp41 and similar proteins. Like vertebrate RS splicing factors, these proteins function as plant splicing factors and play crucial roles in constitutive and alternative splicing in plants. They all contain two RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains), at their N-terminus, and an RS domain at their C-terminus.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1958642338  562 LWVGQVDKKATQQDLTNLFEEFGQIESINMipPRGCAYVCMVHRQDSFRALQKLSSGSYKIGSKVIKIAWA 632
Cdd:cd12234      3 VFCGNFEYDARQSEIERLFGKYGRVDRVDM--KSGYAFVYMEDERDAEDAIRGLDNFEFGRQRRRLRVEWT 71

RNA recognition motif 2 (RRM2) found in RNA-binding protein MRN1 and similar proteins; This subgroup corresponds to the RRM2 of MRN1, also termed multicopy suppressor of RSC-NHP6 synthetic lethality protein 1, or post-transcriptional regulator of 69 kDa, which is a RNA-binding protein found in yeast. Although its specific biological role remains unclear, MRN1 might be involved in translational regulation. Members in this family contain four copies of conserved RNA recognition motif (RRM), also known as RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain).

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1958642338  559 STTLWVGQVDKKATQQDLTNLFEEFGQIESINMIPPRGCAYVCMVHRQDSFRALQKLS 616
Cdd:cd12523      3 SRNVYLGNLPESITEEELREDLEKFGPIDQIKIVKEKNIAFVHFLSIANAIKVVTTLP 60

RNA recognition motif 3 (RRM3) found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe mRNA export factor Crp79, meiotically up-regulated gene 28 protein (Mug28) and similar proteins; Crp79, also called meiotic expression up-regulated protein 5 (Mug5), or polyadenylate-binding protein crp79, or PABP, or poly(A)-binding protein, is an auxiliary mRNA export factor that binds the poly(A) tail of mRNA and is involved in the export of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Mug28 is a meiosis-specific protein that regulates spore wall formation. Members in this family contain three RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains). The model corresponds to the three RRM motif.

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                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958642338  562 LWVGQVDKK--ATQQDLTNLFEEFGQIES--INMIP----PRGCAYVCMVHRQDSFRALQKLSsgSYKIGSKVIKIAWAL 633
Cdd:cd21622      6 LFVKNLDDTviTNKEDLEQLFSPFGQIVSsyLATYPgtgiSKGFGFVAFSKPEDAAKAKETLN--GVMVGRKRIFVSYAE 83

                   ..
gi 1958642338  634 NK 635
Cdd:cd21622     84 RK 85

RNA recognition motif 2 (RRM2) found in Arabidopsis thaliana CTC-interacting domain protein CID8, CID9, CID10, CID11, CID12, CID 13 and similar proteins; This subgroup corresponds to the RRM2 domains found in A. thaliana CID8, CID9, CID10, CID11, CID12, CID 13 and mainly their plant homologs. These highly related RNA-binding proteins contain an N-terminal PAM2 domain (PABP-interacting motif 2), two RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains), and a basic region that resembles a bipartite nuclear localization signal. The biological role of this family remains unclear.

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gi 1958642338  558 CSTTLWVGQVDKKATQQDLTNLFEEF-GQIESINMI-----PPRgCAYVCMVHRQDSFRALQklSSGSYkIGSKVIKI 629
Cdd:cd12460      3 CARTIYCTNIDKKVTQDDVKAFFESLcGEVHRLRLLgdyvhSTR-IAFVEFVMAESAIAALN--CSGAL-LGSLPIRV 76

RNA recognition motif (RRM) found in alkylated DNA repair protein alkB homolog 8 (ALKBH8) and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM of ALKBH8, also termed alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase ABH8, or S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent tRNA methyltransferase ABH8, expressed in various types of human cancers. It is essential in urothelial carcinoma cell survival mediated by NOX-1-dependent ROS signals. ALKBH8 has also been identified as a tRNA methyltransferase that catalyzes methylation of tRNA to yield 5-methylcarboxymethyl uridine (mcm5U) at the wobble position of the anticodon loop. Thus, ALKBH8 plays a crucial role in the DNA damage survival pathway through a distinct mechanism involving the regulation of tRNA modification. ALKBH8 localizes to the cytoplasm. It contains the characteristic AlkB domain that is composed of a tRNA methyltransferase motif, a motif homologous to the bacterial AlkB DNA/RNA repair enzyme, and a dioxygenase catalytic core domain encompassing cofactor-binding sites for iron and 2-oxoglutarate. In addition, unlike other AlkB homologs, ALKBH8 contains an N-terminal RNA recognition motif (RRM), also termed RBD (RNA binding domain) or RNP (ribonucleoprotein domain), and a C-terminal S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)-dependent methyltransferase (MT) domain.

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gi 1958642338  572 TQQDLTNLFEEFGQIESINMIPPRGCAYVCMVHRQDSFRALQKLSSGSYKIGSK 625
Cdd:cd12431     16 SREQLLEVFEKYGTVEDIVMLPGKPYSFVSFKSVEEAAKAYNALNGKELELPQQ 69

VHS, ENTH and ANTH domain superfamily; This superfamily is composed of proteins containing a VHS, CID, ENTH, or ANTH domain. The VHS domain is present in Vps27 (Vacuolar Protein Sorting), Hrs (Hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate) and STAM (Signal Transducing Adaptor Molecule). It is located at the N-termini of proteins involved in intracellular membrane trafficking. The CTD-Interacting Domain (CID) is present in several RNA-processing factors and binds tightly to the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II or Pol II). The epsin N-terminal homology (ENTH) domain is an evolutionarily conserved protein module found primarily in proteins that participate in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. A set of proteins previously designated as harboring an ENTH domain in fact contains a highly similar, yet unique module referred to as an AP180 N-Terminal Homology (ANTH) domain. VHS, ENTH, and ANTH domains are structurally similar and are composed of a superhelix of eight alpha helices. ENTH and ANTH (E/ANTH) domains bind both inositol phospholipids and proteins and contribute to the nucleation and formation of clathrin coats on membranes. ENTH domains also function in the development of membrane curvature through lipid remodeling during the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles. E/ANTH domain-bearing proteins have recently been shown to function with adaptor protein-1 and GGA adaptors at the Trans-Golgi Network, which suggests that E/ANTH domains are universal components of the machinery for clathrin-mediated membrane budding.

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gi 1958642338  105 SKAKMTQITKAAIKAIKFYKHVVQSVEKFIQKCKPEYKVPGLYVIDSIVRQSRHQFGQE--KDVFAPRFSNNIISTFQnl 182
Cdd:cd00197     17 DWPLIMEICDLINETNVGPKEAVDAIKKRINNKNPHVVLKALTLLEYCVKNCGERFHQEvaSNDFAVELLKFDKSGLL-- 94

                           90       100
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gi 1958642338  183 yrcpGDDKSKIVR--VLNLWQK 202
Cdd:cd00197     95 ----GDDVSTNVRekAIELVQL 112

RNA recognition motif 2 in fungal pre-messenger RNA splicing protein 24 (Prp24) and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to the RRM2 of Prp24, also termed U4/U6 snRNA-associated-splicing factor PRP24 (U4/U6 snRNP), an RNA-binding protein with four well conserved RNA recognition motifs (RRMs), also termed RBDs (RNA binding domains) or RNPs (ribonucleoprotein domains). It facilitates U6 RNA base-pairing with U4 RNA during spliceosome assembly. Prp24 specifically binds free U6 RNA primarily with RRMs 1 and 2 and facilitates pairing of U6 RNA bases with U4 RNA bases. Additionally, it may also be involved in dissociation of the U4/U6 complex during spliceosome activation.

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gi 1958642338  560 TTLWVGQVDKKATQQDLTNLFEEFGQIESINMipP-------RGCAYVCMVHRQDSFRALQ---KLSSGSYKIGSKV 626
Cdd:cd12297      1 CTLWVTNFPPSYDERSIRDLFGDYGVILSVRL--PslryntsRRFCYIDFTSPESARAAVEllnGLLEEGYTLVVKI 75