C-type lectin (CTL)/C-type lectin-like (CTLD) domain; CLECT: C-type lectin (CTL)/C-type lectin-like (CTLD) domain; protein domains homologous to the carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) of the C-type lectins. This group is chiefly comprised of eukaryotic CTLDs, but contains some, as yet functionally uncharacterized, bacterial CTLDs. Many CTLDs are calcium-dependent carbohydrate binding modules; other CTLDs bind protein ligands, lipids, and inorganic surfaces, including CaCO3 and ice. Animal C-type lectins are involved in such functions as extracellular matrix organization, endocytosis, complement activation, pathogen recognition, and cell-cell interactions. For example: mannose-binding lectin and lung surfactant proteins A and D bind carbohydrates on surfaces (e.g. pathogens, allergens, necrotic, and apoptotic cells) and mediate functions associated with killing and phagocytosis; P (platlet)-, E (endothelial)-, and L (leukocyte)- selectins (sels) mediate the initial attachment, tethering, and rolling of lymphocytes on inflamed vascular walls enabling subsequent lymphocyte adhesion and transmigration. CTLDs may bind a variety of carbohydrate ligands including mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, and fucose. Several CTLDs bind to protein ligands, and only some of these binding interactions are Ca2+-dependent; including the CTLDs of Coagulation Factors IX/X (IX/X) and Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) binding proteins, and natural killer cell receptors. C-type lectins, such as lithostathine, and some type II antifreeze glycoproteins function in a Ca2+-independent manner to bind inorganic surfaces. Many proteins in this group contain a single CTLD; these CTLDs associate with each other through several different surfaces to form dimers, trimers, or tetramers, from which ligand-binding sites project in different orientations. Various vertebrate type 1 transmembrane proteins including macrophage mannose receptor, endo180, phospholipase A2 receptor, and dendritic and epithelial cell receptor (DEC205) have extracellular domains containing 8 or more CTLDs; these CTLDs remain in the parent model. In some members (IX/X and VWF binding proteins), a loop extends to the adjoining domain to form a loop-swapped dimer. A similar conformation is seen in the macrophage mannose receptor CRD4's putative non-sugar bound form of the domain in the acid environment of the endosome. Lineage specific expansions of CTLDs have occurred in several animal lineages including Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans; these CTLDs also remain in the parent model.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 24762680 160 FVVYTQPSAYLNASLTCSNsseFTGSLAHIASEHRTSLLAQWLVEFNRKSqslaegnvylAYVGLAYNSSTSlsplDFRN 239
Cdd:cd00037   3 YKFSTEKLTWEEAQEYCRS---LGGHLASIHSEEENDFLASLLKKSSSSD----------VWIGLNDLSSEG----TWKW 65

                        90       100       110       120       130
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 24762680 240 SQGESLqcFLYRAWDGGHPRVGGdlgNASCVAL--TPQGTWQTLNCDRELPFICEI 293
Cdd:cd00037  66 SDGSPL--VDYTNWAPGEPNPGG---SEDCVVLssSSDGKWNDVSCSSKLPFICEK 116

C-type lectin (CTL)/C-type lectin-like (CTLD) domain; CLECT: C-type lectin (CTL)/C-type lectin-like (CTLD) domain; protein domains homologous to the carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) of the C-type lectins. This group is chiefly comprised of eukaryotic CTLDs, but contains some, as yet functionally uncharacterized, bacterial CTLDs. Many CTLDs are calcium-dependent carbohydrate binding modules; other CTLDs bind protein ligands, lipids, and inorganic surfaces, including CaCO3 and ice. Animal C-type lectins are involved in such functions as extracellular matrix organization, endocytosis, complement activation, pathogen recognition, and cell-cell interactions. For example: mannose-binding lectin and lung surfactant proteins A and D bind carbohydrates on surfaces (e.g. pathogens, allergens, necrotic, and apoptotic cells) and mediate functions associated with killing and phagocytosis; P (platlet)-, E (endothelial)-, and L (leukocyte)- selectins (sels) mediate the initial attachment, tethering, and rolling of lymphocytes on inflamed vascular walls enabling subsequent lymphocyte adhesion and transmigration. CTLDs may bind a variety of carbohydrate ligands including mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, and fucose. Several CTLDs bind to protein ligands, and only some of these binding interactions are Ca2+-dependent; including the CTLDs of Coagulation Factors IX/X (IX/X) and Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) binding proteins, and natural killer cell receptors. C-type lectins, such as lithostathine, and some type II antifreeze glycoproteins function in a Ca2+-independent manner to bind inorganic surfaces. Many proteins in this group contain a single CTLD; these CTLDs associate with each other through several different surfaces to form dimers, trimers, or tetramers, from which ligand-binding sites project in different orientations. Various vertebrate type 1 transmembrane proteins including macrophage mannose receptor, endo180, phospholipase A2 receptor, and dendritic and epithelial cell receptor (DEC205) have extracellular domains containing 8 or more CTLDs; these CTLDs remain in the parent model. In some members (IX/X and VWF binding proteins), a loop extends to the adjoining domain to form a loop-swapped dimer. A similar conformation is seen in the macrophage mannose receptor CRD4's putative non-sugar bound form of the domain in the acid environment of the endosome. Lineage specific expansions of CTLDs have occurred in several animal lineages including Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans; these CTLDs also remain in the parent model.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 24762680 160 FVVYTQPSAYLNASLTCSNsseFTGSLAHIASEHRTSLLAQWLVEFNRKSqslaegnvylAYVGLAYNSSTSlsplDFRN 239
Cdd:cd00037   3 YKFSTEKLTWEEAQEYCRS---LGGHLASIHSEEENDFLASLLKKSSSSD----------VWIGLNDLSSEG----TWKW 65

                        90       100       110       120       130
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 24762680 240 SQGESLqcFLYRAWDGGHPRVGGdlgNASCVAL--TPQGTWQTLNCDRELPFICEI 293
Cdd:cd00037  66 SDGSPL--VDYTNWAPGEPNPGG---SEDCVVLssSSDGKWNDVSCSSKLPFICEK 116

Lectin C-type domain; This family includes both long and short form C-type

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 24762680   169 YLNASLTCSNSSeftGSLAHIASEHRTSLLAQWLVEFNRKsqslaegnvylAYVGLAYNsstsLSPLDFRNSQGESLqcf 248
Cdd:pfam00059   4 WDEAREACRKLG---GHLVSINSAEELDFLSSTLKKSNKY-----------FWIGLTDR----KNEGTWKWVDGSPV--- 62

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 24762680   249 LYRAWDgghPRVGGDLGNASCVALT-PQGTWQTLNCDRELPFICE 292
Cdd:pfam00059  63 NYTNWA---PEPNNNGENEDCVELSsSSGKWNDENCNSKNPFVCE 104

C-type lectin (CTL)/C-type lectin-like (CTLD) domain; CLECT: C-type lectin (CTL)/C-type lectin-like (CTLD) domain; protein domains homologous to the carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) of the C-type lectins. This group is chiefly comprised of eukaryotic CTLDs, but contains some, as yet functionally uncharacterized, bacterial CTLDs. Many CTLDs are calcium-dependent carbohydrate binding modules; other CTLDs bind protein ligands, lipids, and inorganic surfaces, including CaCO3 and ice. Animal C-type lectins are involved in such functions as extracellular matrix organization, endocytosis, complement activation, pathogen recognition, and cell-cell interactions. For example: mannose-binding lectin and lung surfactant proteins A and D bind carbohydrates on surfaces (e.g. pathogens, allergens, necrotic, and apoptotic cells) and mediate functions associated with killing and phagocytosis; P (platlet)-, E (endothelial)-, and L (leukocyte)- selectins (sels) mediate the initial attachment, tethering, and rolling of lymphocytes on inflamed vascular walls enabling subsequent lymphocyte adhesion and transmigration. CTLDs may bind a variety of carbohydrate ligands including mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, and fucose. Several CTLDs bind to protein ligands, and only some of these binding interactions are Ca2+-dependent; including the CTLDs of Coagulation Factors IX/X (IX/X) and Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) binding proteins, and natural killer cell receptors. C-type lectins, such as lithostathine, and some type II antifreeze glycoproteins function in a Ca2+-independent manner to bind inorganic surfaces. Many proteins in this group contain a single CTLD; these CTLDs associate with each other through several different surfaces to form dimers, trimers, or tetramers, from which ligand-binding sites project in different orientations. Various vertebrate type 1 transmembrane proteins including macrophage mannose receptor, endo180, phospholipase A2 receptor, and dendritic and epithelial cell receptor (DEC205) have extracellular domains containing 8 or more CTLDs; these CTLDs remain in the parent model. In some members (IX/X and VWF binding proteins), a loop extends to the adjoining domain to form a loop-swapped dimer. A similar conformation is seen in the macrophage mannose receptor CRD4's putative non-sugar bound form of the domain in the acid environment of the endosome. Lineage specific expansions of CTLDs have occurred in several animal lineages including Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans; these CTLDs also remain in the parent model.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 24762680 160 FVVYTQPSAYLNASLTCSNsseFTGSLAHIASEHRTSLLAQWLVEFNRKSqslaegnvylAYVGLAYNSSTSlsplDFRN 239
Cdd:cd00037   3 YKFSTEKLTWEEAQEYCRS---LGGHLASIHSEEENDFLASLLKKSSSSD----------VWIGLNDLSSEG----TWKW 65

                        90       100       110       120       130
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 24762680 240 SQGESLqcFLYRAWDGGHPRVGGdlgNASCVAL--TPQGTWQTLNCDRELPFICEI 293
Cdd:cd00037  66 SDGSPL--VDYTNWAPGEPNPGG---SEDCVVLssSSDGKWNDVSCSSKLPFICEK 116

C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in Human REG-1 (lithostathine), REG-4, and avian eggshell-specific proteins: ansocalcin, structhiocalcin-1(SCA-1), and -2(SCA-2); CLECT_REG-1_like: C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in Human REG-1 (lithostathine), REG-4, and avian eggshell-specific proteins: ansocalcin, structhiocalcin-1(SCA-1), and -2(SCA-2). CTLD refers to a domain homologous to the carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) of the C-type lectins. REG-1 is a proliferating factor which participates in various kinds of tissue regeneration including pancreatic beta-cell regeneration, regeneration of intestinal mucosa, regeneration of motor neurons, and perhaps in tissue regeneration of damaged heart. REG-1 may play a role on the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease and in the development of gastric cancers. Its expression is correlated with reduced survival from early-stage colorectal cancer. REG-1 also binds and aggregates several bacterial strains from the intestinal flora and it has been suggested that it is involved in the control of the intestinal bacterial ecosystem. Rat lithostathine has calcium carbonate crystal inhibitor activity in vitro. REG-IV is unregulated in pancreatic, gastric, hepatocellular, and prostrate adenocarcinomas. REG-IV activates the EGF receptor/Akt/AP-1 signaling pathway in colorectal carcinoma. Ansocalcin, SCA-1 and -2 are found at high concentration in the calcified egg shell layer of goose and ostrich, respectively and tend to form aggregates. Ansocalcin nucleates calcite crystal aggregates in vitro.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 24762680 165 QPSAYLNASLTCSNSseftGSLAHIASEHRTSLlAQWLVEFNRKSQSlAEGNVYLayvGLAYnsstslsPLDFRNSQGES 244
Cdd:cd03594  18 QPLSWSDAELFCQKY----GPGAHLASIHSPAE-AAAIASLISSYQK-AYQPVWI---GLHD-------PQQSRGWEWSD 81

                        90       100       110       120       130
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 24762680 245 LQCFLYRAWDGGHPRVGGDlgnaSCVALT-PQG--TWQTLNCDRELPFICE 292
Cdd:cd03594  82 GSKLDYRSWDRNPPYARGG----YCAELSrSTGflKWNDANCEERNPFICK 128

C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in the tetranectin (TN), cartilage derived C-type lectin (CLECSF1), and stem cell growth factor (SCGF); CLECT_tetranectin_like: C-type lectin-like domain (CTLD) of the type found in the tetranectin (TN), cartilage derived C-type lectin (CLECSF1), and stem cell growth factor (SCGF). CTLD refers to a domain homologous to the carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs) of the C-type lectins. TN binds to plasminogen and stimulates activation of plasminogen, playing a key role in the regulation of proteolytic processes. The TN CTLD binds two calcium ions. Its calcium free form binds to various kringle-like protein ligands. Two residues involved in the coordination of calcium are critical for the binding of TN to the fourth kringle (K4) domain of plasminogen (Plg K4). TN binds the kringle 1-4 form of angiostatin (AST K1-4). AST K1-4 is a fragment of Plg, commonly found in cancer tissues. TN inhibits the binding of Plg and AST K1-4 to the extracellular matrix (EMC) of endothelial cells and counteracts the antiproliferative effects of AST K1-4 on these cells. TN also binds the tenth kringle domain of apolipoprotein (a). In addition, TN binds fibrin and complex polysaccharides in a Ca2+ dependent manner. The binding site for complex sulfated polysaccharides is N-terminal to the CTLD. TN is homotrimeric; N-terminal to the CTLD is an alpha helical domain responsible for trimerization of monomeric units. TN may modulate angiogenesis through interactions with angiostatin and coagulation through interaction with fibrin. TN may play a role in myogenesis and in bone development. Mice having a deletion in the TN gene exhibit a kyphotic spine abnormality. TN is a useful prognostic marker of certain cancer types. CLECSF1 is expressed in cartilage tissue, which is primarily intracellular matrix (ECM), and is a candidate for organizing ECM. SCGF is strongly expressed in bone marrow and is a cytokine for primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 24762680 250 YRAWDGGHPRV--GGDLGNasCVAL--TPQGTWQTLNCDRELPFICE 292
Cdd:cd03596  84 YFNWEREITAQpdGGKREN--CVALssSAQGKWFDEDCRREKPYVCE 128