RING finger (Really Interesting New Gene) domain and U-box domain superfamily; The RING finger is a specialized type of Zn-finger of 40 to 60 residues that binds two atoms of zinc. It is defined by the "cross-brace" motif that chelates zinc atoms by eight amino acid residues, typically Cys or His, arranged in a characteristic spacing. Canonical RING motifs have been categorized into two major subclasses, RING-HC (C3HC4-type) and RING-H2 (C3H2C3-type), according to their Cys/His content. There are also many variants of RING fingers: some have different Cys/His patterns while some lack a single Cys or His residue at typical Zn ligand positions (the fourth or eighth zinc ligand is prevalently exchanged for an Asp, which can indeed chelate Zn in a RING finger as well). C4C4-, C3HC3D-, C2H2C4-, and C3HC5-type RING fingers are closely related to RING-HC fingers. In contrast, C4HC3- (RING-CH alias RINGv), C3H3C2-, C3H2C2D-, C3DHC3-, and C4HC2H-type RING fingers are more closely related to RING-H2 fingers. However, not all RING finger-containing proteins display regular RING finger features, and the RING finger family has turned out to be multifarious. The degenerate RING fingers of the Siz/PIAS RING (SP-RING) family proteins and sporulation protein RMD5, are characterized by lacking the second, fifth, and sixth Zn2+ ion-coordinating residues. They bind only one Zn2+ ion. On the other hand, the RING fingers of the human APC11 and RBX1 proteins can bind a third Zn atom since they harbor four additional Zn ligands. U-box is a modified form of the RING finger domain that lacks metal chelating Cys and His residues. It resembles the cross-brace RING structure consisting of three beta-sheets and a single alpha-helix, which would be stabilized by salt bridges instead of chelated metal ions. U-box proteins are widely distributed among eukaryotic organisms and show a higher prevalence in plants than in other organisms. RING finger/U-box-containing proteins are a group of diverse proteins with a variety of cellular functions, including oncogenesis, development, viral replication, signal transduction, the cell cycle and apoptosis. Many of them are ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s) that serve as scaffolds for binding to ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s, also referred to as ubiquitin carrier proteins or UBCs) in close proximity to substrate proteins, which enable efficient transfer of ubiquitin from E2 to the substrates.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 18412353 355 QSCPICLTNRKDVAFSCGHMTCGDCGSKISNCPICRVRITNRLKLY 400
Cdd:cd16729   3 QLCPICLSNPKDMAFGCGHQTCCECGQSLTHCPICRQPITTRIKLY 48

VWA Copine: Copines are phospholipid-binding proteins originally identified in paramecium. They are found in human and orthologues have been found in C. elegans and Arabidopsis Thaliana. None have been found in D. Melanogaster or S. Cereviciae. Phylogenetic distribution suggests that copines have been lost in some eukaryotes. No functional properties have been assigned to the VWA domains present in copines. The members of this subgroup contain a functional MIDAS motif based on their preferential binding to magnesium and manganese. However, the MIDAS motif is not totally conserved, in most cases the MIDAS consists of the sequence DxTxS instead of the motif DxSxS that is found in most cases. The C2 domains present in copines mediate phospholipid binding.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 18412353  56 IPDRFSSLDQVSK----------ALREAGLESsNLILGVDFTKSNEWTGKTsfdgKCLHAL-GETSNPYEKAIFVIGQTL 124
Cdd:cd01459   1 IKKVYKSSGEVTLtdcrvqptflDYRSAGLES-NLIVAIDFTKSNGWPGEK----RSLHYIsPGRLNPYQKAIRIVGEVL 75

                        90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 18412353 125 APFDEDNLIPCFGFGDSTTHDEEVFGF---HSDNSPCHGFEEVLACYKRIAPNLRLSGPTSYGPLIDAAVDIVEKNNGQ- 200
Cdd:cd01459  76 QPYDSDKLIPAFGFGAIVTKDQSVFSFfpgYSESPECQGFEGVLRAYREALPNVSLSGPTNFAPVIRAAANIAKASNSQs 155

                       170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 18412353 201 -FHVLVIVADGQVtrgTDMAEgelsqqektTIDAIVNASSYALSIVLVGVGDGPWEDMRKFDDK-------IPKREFDNF 272
Cdd:cd01459 156 kYHILLIITDGEI---TDMNE---------TIKAIVEASKYPLSIVIVGVGDGPFDAMERLDDDdglessdGRIATRDIV 223

                       250       260       270
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 18412353 273 QFVNFTEIMTRNspeSAKETAFALAALMEIPFQY 306
Cdd:cd01459 224 QFVPFTEFMSNA---GNPEAALATAALAEIPSQL 254

Zinc finger, C3HC4 type (RING finger);

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 18412353   357 CPICLTNRKDVAFS-CGHM-TCGDCGSKI----SNCPICRVRIT 394
Cdd:pfam13920   5 CVICLDRPRNVVLLpCGHLcLCEECAERLlrkkKKCPICRQPIE 48

Ring finger; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity is intrinsic to the RING domain of c-Cbl and is likely to be a general function of this domain; Various RING fingers exhibit binding activity towards E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (Ubc' s)

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 18412353    357 CPICLTNRKDVAFS--CGHMTCGDC-----GSKISNCPIC 389
Cdd:smart00184   1 CPICLEEYLKDPVIlpCGHTFCRSCirkwlESGNNTCPIC 40

VWA Copine: Copines are phospholipid-binding proteins originally identified in paramecium. They are found in human and orthologues have been found in C. elegans and Arabidopsis Thaliana. None have been found in D. Melanogaster or S. Cereviciae. Phylogenetic distribution suggests that copines have been lost in some eukaryotes. No functional properties have been assigned to the VWA domains present in copines. The members of this subgroup contain a functional MIDAS motif based on their preferential binding to magnesium and manganese. However, the MIDAS motif is not totally conserved, in most cases the MIDAS consists of the sequence DxTxS instead of the motif DxSxS that is found in most cases. The C2 domains present in copines mediate phospholipid binding.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 18412353  56 IPDRFSSLDQVSK----------ALREAGLESsNLILGVDFTKSNEWTGKTsfdgKCLHAL-GETSNPYEKAIFVIGQTL 124
Cdd:cd01459   1 IKKVYKSSGEVTLtdcrvqptflDYRSAGLES-NLIVAIDFTKSNGWPGEK----RSLHYIsPGRLNPYQKAIRIVGEVL 75

                        90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 18412353 125 APFDEDNLIPCFGFGDSTTHDEEVFGF---HSDNSPCHGFEEVLACYKRIAPNLRLSGPTSYGPLIDAAVDIVEKNNGQ- 200
Cdd:cd01459  76 QPYDSDKLIPAFGFGAIVTKDQSVFSFfpgYSESPECQGFEGVLRAYREALPNVSLSGPTNFAPVIRAAANIAKASNSQs 155

                       170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 18412353 201 -FHVLVIVADGQVtrgTDMAEgelsqqektTIDAIVNASSYALSIVLVGVGDGPWEDMRKFDDK-------IPKREFDNF 272
Cdd:cd01459 156 kYHILLIITDGEI---TDMNE---------TIKAIVEASKYPLSIVIVGVGDGPFDAMERLDDDdglessdGRIATRDIV 223

                       250       260       270
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 18412353 273 QFVNFTEIMTRNspeSAKETAFALAALMEIPFQY 306
Cdd:cd01459 224 QFVPFTEFMSNA---GNPEAALATAALAEIPSQL 254

RING finger, HC subclass, found in mind bomb MIB1, MIB2, RGLG1, RGLG2, and similar proteins; MIBs are large, multi-domain E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases that promote ubiquitination of the cytoplasmic tails of Notch ligands. They are also responsible for TBK1 K63-linked ubiquitination and activation, promoting interferon production and controlling antiviral immunity. Moreover, MIBs selectively control responses to cytosolic RNA and regulate type I interferon transcription. Both MIB1 and MIB2 have similar domain architectures, which consist of two Mib-Herc2 domains flanking a ZZ zinc finger, a REP region including two tandem Mib repeats, an ANK region that spans ankyrin repeats, and a RNG region, where MIB1 and MIB2 contain three and two C3HC4-type RING-HC fingers, respectively. This model corresponds to the third RING-HC finger of MIB1, as well as the second RING-HC finger of MIB2. In addition to MIB1 and MIB2, the RING-HC fingers of RING domain ligase RGLG1, RGLG2 and similar proteins from plant are also included in this model. RGLG1 is a ubiquitously expressed E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with UBC13 and, together with UBC13, catalyzes the formation of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains, which is involved in DNA damage repair. RGLG1 mediates the formation of canonical, K48-linked polyubiquitin chains that target proteins for degradation. It also regulates apical dominance by acting on the auxin transport proteins abundance. RGLG1 has overlapping functions with its closest sequelog, RGLG2. They both function as RING E3 ligases that interact with ethylene response factor 53 (ERF53) in the nucleus and negatively regulate the plant drought stress response. All RGLG proteins contain a Von Willebrand factor type A (vWA) domain and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 18412353 357 CPICLTNRKDVAFSCGHMTCGDCGSKISNCPICRVRI 393
Cdd:cd16520   3 CPICMERKKNVVFLCGHGTCQKCAEKLKKCPICRKPI 39

second RING finger, HC subclass, found in mind bomb 2 (MIB2) and similar proteins; MIB2, also known as novel zinc finger protein (Novelzin), putative NF-kappa-B-activating protein 002N, skeletrophin, or zinc finger ZZ type with ankyrin repeat domain protein 1, is a large, multi-domain E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that promotes ubiquitination of the cytoplasmic tails of Notch ligands. Especially, it promotes Delta ubiquitylation and endocytosis in Notch activation. Overexpression of MIB2, activates NF-kappaB and interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) reporter activity. Moreover, MIB2 acts as a novel component of the activated B-cell CLL/lymphoma 10 (BCL10) complex and controls BCL10-dependent NF-kappaB activation. It also functions as a founder myoblast-specific protein that regulates myoblast fusion and muscle stability. MIB2 contains an MZM region with two Mib-Herc2 domains flanking a ZZ zinc finger, a REP region including two tandem Mib repeats, an ANK region that spans ankyrin repeats, and a RNG region consisting of two C3HC4-type RING-HC fingers. This model corresponds to the second RING-HC finger.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 18412353 352 EQTQSCPICLTNRKDVAFSCGHMTCGDCGSKISNCPICRVRITNRLKLY 400
Cdd:cd16728   2 EERITCPICIDNHIKLVFQCGHGSCIECSSALKACPICRQAIRERIQIF 50

Prokaryotic RING finger family 4; RING finger family domain found sporadically in bacteria. The finger is fused to an N-terminal alpha-helical domain, ROT/Trove-like repeats and a C-terminal TerD domain. The architecture suggests a possible role in an RNA-processing complex.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 18412353   357 CPICLTNRKDVAFS-CGHMTCGDC--GSKISNCPICRVRI 393
Cdd:pfam14447   1 CVLCGRNGTVHALIpCGHLVCRDCfdGSDFSACPICRRRI 40

RING finger, HC subclass, found in caspases-8 and -10-associated RING finger protein CARP-1, CARP-2 and similar proteins; The CARP subfamily includes CARP-1 and CARP-2 proteins, both of which are E3 ubiquitin ligases that ubiquitinate apical caspases and target them for proteasome-mediated degradation. As a novel group of caspase regulators with a FYVE-type zinc finger domain, they do not localize to membranes in the cell and are involved in the negative regulation of apoptosis, specifically targeting two initiator caspases, caspase 8, and caspase 10. Moreover, they stabilize MDM2 by inhibiting MDM2 self-ubiquitination, as well as by targeting 14-3-3sigma for degradation. They work together with MDM2 to enhance p53 degradation, thereby inhibiting p53-mediated cell death. CARPs contain an N-terminal FYVE-like domain that can serve as a membrane-targeting or endosome localizing signal and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger domain.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 18412353 356 SCPICLTNRKD-VAFSCGHM-TCGDCGSKISNCPICRVRIT 394
Cdd:cd16500   2 LCKICMDAAIDcVLLECGHMvTCTDCGKKLSECPICRQYVV 42

von Willebrand factor (vWF) type A domain; VWA domains in extracellular eukaryotic proteins mediate adhesion via metal ion-dependent adhesion sites (MIDAS). Intracellular VWA domains and homologues in prokaryotes have recently been identified. The proposed VWA domains in integrin beta subunits have recently been substantiated using sequence-based methods.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 18412353     79 NLILGVDFTKSNewtgktsfdgkclhalgeTSNPYEKAIFVIGQTLAPFDEDNLIPCFG---FGDSTThdeEVFGFHSDN 155
Cdd:smart00327   1 DVVFLLDGSGSM------------------GGNRFELAKEFVLKLVEQLDIGPDGDRVGlvtFSDDAR---VLFPLNDSR 59

                           90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 18412353    156 SPchgfEEVLACYKRIAPnlRLSGPTSYGPLIDAAVDIVEKNNGQF-----HVLVIVADGQVTRGTDMAEgelsqqektt 230
Cdd:smart00327  60 SK----DALLEALASLSY--KLGGGTNLGAALQYALENLFSKSAGSrrgapKVVILITDGESNDGPKDLL---------- 123

                          170       180       190       200       210
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 18412353    231 iDAIVNASSYALSIVLVGVG-DGPWEDMRKFDDKipKREFDNFQFVNFTEI 280
Cdd:smart00327 124 -KAAKELKRSGVKVFVVGVGnDVDEEELKKLASA--PGGVYVFLPELLDLL 171

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 170 (RNF170) and similar proteins; RNF170, also known as putative LAG1-interacting protein, is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-bound E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination-dependent degradation of type-I inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (ITPR1) via the endoplasmic-reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway. A point mutation (arginine to cysteine at position 199) in the RNF170 gene is linked with autosomal-dominant sensory ataxia (ADSA), a disease characterized by neurodegeneration in the posterior columns of the spinal cord. RNF170 contains a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 18412353 355 QSCPICLTN-RKDVAFSCGHMTCGDC-------GSKIS--NCPICRVRIT 394
Cdd:cd16553   2 MECPICLQDaRFPVETNCGHLFCGPCiitywrhGSWLGavSCPVCRQTVT 51

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC5-type), found in neuralized-like protein 1B (NEURL1B); NEURL1B, also known as neuralized-2 (NEUR2) or neuralized-like protein 3, is a mammalian homolog of the Drosophila neuralized (D-neu) protein. It functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with and ubiquitinates Delta. Thus, it plays a role in the endocytic pathways for Notch signaling through working cooperatively with another E3 ligase, Mind bomb-1 (Mib1), in Delta endocytosis to hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (Hrs)-positive vesicles. NEURL1B contains two neuralized homology regions (NHRs) responsible for Neural-ligand interactions and a modified C3HC5-type RING-HC finger required for ubiquitin ligase activity. The C3HC5-type RING-HC finger is distinguished from typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger due to the existence of the additional cysteine residue in the middle portion of the RING finger domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 18412353 357 CPICLTNRKD-VAFSCGHMT-CGDCGSKISN-----CPICRVRITNRLKLY 400
Cdd:cd16786   5 CTVCFDSEVDtVIYTCGHMClCNSCGLKLKRqinacCPICRRVIKDVIKIY 55

RING finger, HC subclass, found in caspases-8 and -10-associated RING finger protein 1 (CARP1) and similar proteins; CARP1, also known as caspase regulator CARP1, FYVE-RING finger protein Momo, RING finger homologous to inhibitor of apoptosis protein (RFI), RING finger protein 34 (RNF34), or RING finger protein RIFF, is a nuclear protein that functions as a specific E3 ubiquitin ligase for the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1alpha, a master regulator of energy metabolism and adaptive thermogenesis in the brown fat cell which negatively regulates brown fat cell metabolism. It is preferentially expressed in esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers, suggesting a possible association with the development of digestive tract cancers. It regulates the p53 signaling pathway by degrading 14-3-3 sigma and stabilizing MDM2. CARP1 does not localize to membranes in the cell and is involved in the negative regulation of apoptosis, specifically targeting two initiator caspases, caspase 8 and caspase 10. CARP1 contains an N-terminal FYVE-like domain and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger domain.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 18412353 357 CPICLTNRKD-VAFSCGHM-TCGDCGSKISNCPICR 390
Cdd:cd16706   7 CRICMDAVIDcVLLECGHMvTCTKCGKRMSECPICR 42

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC5-type), found in neuralized-like protein 1A (NEURL1A) and similar proteins; NEURL1A, also known as NEURL1, NEU, neuralized 1, or RING finger protein 67 (RNF67), is a mammalian homolog of the Drosophila neuralized (D-neu) protein. It functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that directly interacts with and monoubiquitinates cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 3 (CPEB3), an RNA binding protein and a translational regulator of local protein synthesis, which facilitates hippocampal plasticity and hippocampal-dependent memory storage. It also acts as a potential tumor suppressor that causes apoptosis and downregulates Notch target genes in the medulloblastoma. NEURL1A contains two neuralized homology regions (NHRs) responsible for Neural-ligand interactions and a modified C3HC5-type RING-HC finger required for ubiquitin ligase activity. The C3HC5-type RING-HC finger is distinguished from typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger due to the existence of the additional cysteine residue in the middle portion of the RING finger domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 18412353 354 TQSCPICLTNRKD-VAFSCGHMT-CGDCGSKI-----SNCPICRVRITNRLKLY 400
Cdd:cd16785   4 SDECTICYENAVDtVIYTCGHMClCYACGLRLkkmlnACCPICRRAIKDIIKTY 57

RING finger, HC subclass, found in E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAP, baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 8 (BIRC8) and similar proteins; XIAP, also known as baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 4 (BIRC4), IAP-like protein (ILP), inhibitor of apoptosis protein 3 (IAP-3), or X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (X-linked IAP), is a potent suppressor of apoptosis that directly inhibits specific members of the caspase family of cysteine proteases, including caspase-3, -7, and -9. It promotes proteasomal degradation of caspase-3 and enhances its anti-apoptotic effect in Fas-induced cell death. The ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3) activity of XIAP also exhibits in the ubiquitination of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac). The mitochondrial proteins, Smac/DIABLO and Omi/HtrA2, can inhibit the antiapoptotic activity of XIAP. XIAP has also been implicated in several intracellular signaling cascades involved in the cellular response to stress, such as the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) pathways. Moreover, XIAP can regulate copper homeostasis by interacting with MURR1. BIRC8, also known as inhibitor of apoptosis-like protein 2, IAP-like protein 2, ILP-2, or testis-specific inhibitor of apoptosis, is a tissue-specific homolog of E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase XIAP. It has been implicated in the control of apoptosis in the testis by direct inhibition of caspase 9. Both XIAP and BIRC8 contain three N-terminal baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domains, a ubiquitin-association (UBA) domain and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger at the carboxyl terminus.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 18412353 357 CPICLTNRKDVAF-SCGHM-TCGDCGSKISNCPICRVRITNRLKLY 400
Cdd:cd16714  17 CKICMDRNISIVFiPCGHLvTCKQCAEALDKCPICCTVITFKQKIF 62

RING finger, HC subclass, found in apoptosis protein c-IAP1, c-IAP2, livin, and similar proteins; The cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein c-IAPs function as ubiquitin E3 ligases that mediate the ubiquitination of substrates involved in apoptosis, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling, and oncogenesis. Unlike other IAPs, such as XIAP, c-IAPs exhibit minimal binding to caspases and may not play an important role in the inhibition of these proteases. c-IAP1, also known as baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein BIRC2, IAP-2, RING finger protein 48, or TNFR2-TRAF-signaling complex protein 2, is a potent regulator of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family and NF-kappaB signaling pathways in the cytoplasm. It can also regulate E2F1 transcription factor-mediated control of cyclin transcription in the nucleus. c-IAP2, also known as BIRC3, IAP-1, apoptosis inhibitor 2 (API2), or IAP homolog C, also influences ubiquitin-dependent pathways that modulate innate immune signalling by activation of NF-kappaB. c-IAPs contain three N-terminal baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domains that enable interactions with proteins, a ubiquitin-association (UBA) domain that is responsible for the binding of polyubiquitin (polyUb), a caspase activation and recruitment domain (CARD) that serves as a protein interaction surface, and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger at the carboxyl terminus that is required for ubiquitin ligase activity. Livin, also known as baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 7 (BIRC7), kidney inhibitor of apoptosis protein (KIAP), melanoma inhibitor of apoptosis protein (ML-IAP), or RING finger protein 50, was identified as the melanoma IAP. It plays crucial roles in apoptosis, cell proliferation, and cell cycle control. Its anti-apoptotic activity is regulated by the inhibition of caspase-3, -7, and -9. Its E3 ubiquitin-ligase-like activity promotes degradation of Smac/DIABLO, a critical endogenous regulator of all IAPs. Unlike other family members, mammalian livin contains a single BIR domain and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. The UBA domain can be detected in non-mammalian homologs of livin.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 18412353 352 EQTQSCPICLTNRKDVAF-SCGHMT-CGDCGSKISNCPICRVRITNRLKLY 400
Cdd:cd16713   5 QEERTCKVCMDKEVSIVFiPCGHLVvCTECAPSLRKCPICRATIKGTVRTF 55

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (Equine herpesvirus 1/EHV-1) regulatory protein and similar proteins; EHV-1 regulatory protein belongs to the Vmw110 (IPC0) protein family. It contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and binds zinc stably.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 18412353 356 SCPICLTNRKD--VAFSCGHMTCGDC----GSKISNCPICRVRIT 394
Cdd:cd23130   2 VCPICLDDPEDeaITLPCLHQFCYTCilrwLQTSPTCPLCKTPVT 46

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 4 (RNF4) and similar proteins; RNF4, also known as small nuclear ring finger protein (SNURF), is a SUMO-targeted E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase with a pivotal function in the DNA damage response (DDR) by interacting with the deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin-specific protease 11 (USP11), a known DDR-component, and further facilitating DNA repair. It plays a novel role in preventing the loss of intact chromosomes and ensures the maintenance of chromosome integrity. Moreover, RNF4 is responsible for the UbcH5A-catalyzed formation of K48 chains that target SUMO-modified promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein for proteasomal degradation in response to arsenic treatment. It also interacts with telomeric repeat binding factor 2 (TRF2) in a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-dependent manner and preferentially targets SUMO-conjugated TRF2 for ubiquitination through SUMO-interacting motifs (SIMs). Furthermore, RNF4 can form a complex with a Ubc13-ubiquitin conjugate and Ube2V2. It catalyzes K63-linked polyubiquitination by the Ube2V2-Ubc13 (ubiquitin-loaded) complex. Meanwhile, RNF4 negatively regulates nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) signaling by down-regulating transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-TAK1-binding protein2 (TAB2). RNF4 contains four SIMs followed by a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger at the C-terminus.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 18412353 354 TQSCPICLTN--------RKDVAFSCGHMTCGDC----GSKISNCPICRVRITNR 396
Cdd:cd16533   3 TVSCPICMDGyseivqsgRLIVSTECGHVFCSQClrdsLKNANTCPTCRKKLNHK 57

RING finger, HC subclass, found in topoisomerase I-binding arginine/serine-rich protein (Topors) and similar proteins; Topors, also known as topoisomerase I-binding RING finger protein, tumor suppressor p53- binding protein 3, or p53-binding protein 3 (p53BP3), is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that can ligate both ubiquitin and small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) to substrate proteins in the nucleus. It contains an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger which ligates ubiquitin to its target proteins including DNA topoisomerase I, p53, NKX3.1, H2AX, and the AAV-2 Rep78/68 proteins. As a RING-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase, Topors works with the E2 enzymes UbcH5a, UbcH5c, and UbcH6, but not with UbcH7, CDC34, or UbcH2b. Topors acts as a tumor suppressor in various malignancies. It regulates p53 modification, suggesting it may be responsible for astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1, also known as metadherin, or LYRIC) ubiquitin modification. Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of Topors inhibits Topors-mediated sumoylation of p53, whereas p53 ubiquitination is enhanced, leading to p53 degradation. It also functions as a negative regulator of the prostate tumor suppressor NKX3.1. Moreover, Topors is associated with promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies, and may be involved in the cellular response to camptothecin. It also plays a key role in the turnover of H2AX protein, discriminating the type of DNA damaging stress. Furthermore, Topors is a cilia-centrosomal protein associated with autosomal dominant retinal degeneration. Mutations in TOPORS cause autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP).

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 18412353 355 QSCPICLTN-RKDVAF--SCGHMTCGDC---GSKISN-CPICRVRI 393
Cdd:cd16574   2 SSCPICLDRfENEKAFldGCFHAFCFTCileWSKVKNeCPLCKQPF 47

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana proteolysis 1 protein (PRT1) and similar proteins; PRT1, also called RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase PRT1, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. It functions in the N-end rule pathway of protein degradation, where it specifically recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with an N-terminal bulky aromatic amino acid (Phe). It does not act on aliphatic hydrophobic and basic N-terminal residues (Arg or Leu) containing proteins. PRT1 contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 18412353 357 CPICLTN-RKDVAFSCGHMTCGDC------GSKISNCPICR 390
Cdd:cd23132   5 CCICLDLlYKPVVLECGHVFCFWCvhrcmnGYDESHCPLCR 45

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 141 (RNF141) and similar proteins; RNF141, also known as zinc finger protein 230 (ZNF230), is a RING finger protein present primarily in the nuclei of spermatogonia, the acrosome, and the tail of spermatozoa. It may have a broad function during early development of vertebrates. It plays an important role in spermatogenesis, including spermatogenic cell proliferation and sperm maturation, as well as motility and fertilization. It also exhibits DNA binding activity. RNF141/ZNF230 gene mutations may be associated with azoospermia. RNF141 contains a C3HC4-type RING finger domain that may function as an activator module in transcription.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 18412353 357 CPICLTNRKDVAFSCGHMTCGDCGSKIS----NCPICR 390
Cdd:cd16545   3 CCICMDRKADLILPCAHSYCQKCIDKWSdrhrTCPICR 40

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (Cbl) proteins; The Cbl adaptor protein family contains a small class of RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases with oncogenic activity, which is represented by three mammalian members, c-Cbl, Cbl-b and Cbl-c, as well as two invertebrate Cbl-family proteins, D-Cbl in Drosophila and Sli-1 in C. elegans. Cbl proteins function as potent negative regulators of various signaling cascades in a wide range of cell types. They play roles in ubiquitinating activated tyrosine kinases and targeting them for degradation. D-Cbl associates with the Drosophila epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and overexpression of D-Cbl in the eye of Drosophila embryos inhibits EGFR-dependent photoreceptor cell development. Sli-1 is a negative regulator of the Let-23 receptor tyrosine kinase, an EGFR homolog, in vulva development. Cbl proteins in this subfamily consist of a highly conserved N-terminal half that includes a tyrosine-kinase-binding domain (TKB, also known as the phosphotyrosine binding PTB domain, composed of a four helix-bundle, a Ca2+ binding EF-hand and a highly variant SH2 domain) and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, both of which are required for Cbl-mediated downregulation of RTKs, and a divergent C-terminal region.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 18412353 355 QSCPICLTNRKDVAFS-CGHMTCGDC-----GSKISNCPICR 390
Cdd:cd16502   2 QLCKICAENDKDVRIEpCGHLLCTPCltswqDSDGQTCPFCR 43

RING finger, HC subclass, found in myosin regulatory light chain interacting protein (MYLIP) and similar proteins; MYLIP, also known as inducible degrader of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor (IDOL), or MIR, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC), LDLR, VLDLR, and LRP8. Its activity depends on E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes of the UBE2D family. MYLIP stimulates clathrin-independent endocytosis and acts as a sterol-dependent inhibitor of cellular cholesterol uptake by binding directly to the cytoplasmic tail of the LDLR and promoting its ubiquitination via the UBE2D1/E1 complex. The ubiquitinated LDLR then enters the multivesicular body (MVB) protein-sorting pathway and is shuttled to the lysosome for degradation. Moreover, MYLIP has been identified as a novel ERM-like protein that affects cytoskeleton interactions regulating cell motility, such as neurite outgrowth. The ERM proteins includes ezrin, radixin, and moesin, which are cytoskeletal effector proteins linking actin to membrane-bound proteins at the cell surface. MYLIP contains an ERM-homology domain and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 18412353 357 CPICLTNRKDVAF-SCGHMTCGD-CGSKISNCPICRVRI 393
Cdd:cd16523   5 CMVCCEEEINSAFcPCGHMVCCEsCAAQLQSCPVCRSRV 43

RING finger, HC subclass, found in breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) and similar proteins; BRCA1, also known as RING finger protein 53 (RNF53), is a RING finger protein encoded by the tumor suppressor gene BRCA1 that regulates all DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways. BRCA1 is frequently mutated in patients with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). Its mutation is also associated with an increased risk of pancreatic, stomach, laryngeal, fallopian tube, and prostate cancer. It plays an important role in the DNA damage response signaling and has been implicated in various cellular processes such as cell cycle regulation, transcriptional regulation, chromatin remodeling, DNA DSBs, and apoptosis. BRCA1 contains an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, and two BRCT (BRCA1 C-terminus domain) repeats at the C-terminus.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 18412353 357 CPICLTNRKD-VAFSCGHMTCGDC-------GSKISNCPICRVRITNR 396
Cdd:cd16498  19 CPICLELLKEpVSTKCDHQFCRFCilkllqkKKKPAPCPLCKKSVTKR 66

Zinc finger, C3HC4 type (RING finger);

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 18412353   357 CPICLTNRKD--VAFSCGHMTCGDCGSKI----SNCPIC 389
Cdd:pfam13923   2 CPICMDMLKDpsTTTPCGHVFCQDCILRAleasNECPLC 40

RING finger, HC subclass, found in yeast Bre1 and its homologs from eukaryotes; Bre1 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that catalyzes monoubiquitination of histone H2B in concert with the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, Rad6. The Rad6-Bre1-mediated histone H2B ubiquitylation modulates the formation of double-strand breaks (DSBs) during meiosis in yeast. it is also required, indirectly, for the methylation of histone 3 on lysine 4 (H3K4) and 79. RNF20, also known as BRE1A and RNF40, also known as BRE1B, are the mammalian homologs of Bre1. They work together to form a heterodimeric Bre1 complex that facilitate the K120 monoubiquitination of histone H2B (H2Bub1), a DNA damage-induced histone modification that is crucial for recruitment of the chromatin remodeler SNF2h to DNA double-strand break (DSB) damage sites. Moreover, the Bre1 complex acts as a tumor suppressor, augmenting expression of select tumor suppressor genes and suppressing select oncogenes. Deficiency in the mammalian histone H2B ubiquitin ligase Bre1 leads to replication stress and chromosomal instability. All subfamily members contain a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger at its C-terminus.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 18412353 357 CPICLTNRKDVAFS-CGHMTCGDC-GSKISN----CPIC 389
Cdd:cd16499   9 CSVCNDRFKDVIITkCGHVFCNECvQKRLETrqrkCPGC 47

Zinc finger, C3HC4 type (RING finger); The C3HC4 type zinc-finger (RING finger) is a cysteine-rich domain of 40 to 60 residues that coordinates two zinc ions, and has the consensus sequence: C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)-H-X(2-3)-C-X2-C-X(4-48)-C-X2-C where X is any amino acid. Many proteins containing a RING finger play a key role in the ubiquitination pathway.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 18412353   357 CPICLTNRKDVAFS--CGHMTCGDC-----GSKISNCPIC 389
Cdd:pfam00097   1 CPICLEEPKDPVTLlpCGHLFCSKCirswlESGNVTCPLC 40

RING finger, HC subclass, found in E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Cbl and similar proteins; Cbl, also known as Casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene, proto-oncogene c-Cbl, RING finger protein 55 (RNF55), or signal transduction protein Cbl, is a multi-domain protein that acts as a key negative regulator of various receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. It contains a tyrosine kinase-binding domain (TKB, also known as the phosphotyrosine binding PTB domain, composed of a four helix-bundle, a Ca2+ binding EF-hand and a highly variant SH2 domain), a proline-rich domain, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, and an ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain. TKB is responsible for the interactions with many tyrosine kinases, such as the colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) receptor, Syk/ZAP-70, and Src-family of protein tyrosine kinases. The proline-rich domain can recruit proteins with a SH3 domain. Moreover, Cbl functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that can bind ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) through the RING-HC finger.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 18412353 355 QSCPICLTNRKDVAFS-CGHMTCGDC-----GSKISNCPICRVRI 393
Cdd:cd16708  22 QLCKICAENDKDVKIEpCGHLMCTSCltswqESEGQGCPFCRCEI 66

RING finger, HC subclass, found in seven in absentia homolog 1 (SIAH1) and similar proteins; SIAH1, also known as Siah-1a, is an inducible E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that contributes to proteasome-mediated degradation of multiple targets in numerous cellular processes including apoptosis, tumor suppression, cell cycle, axon guidance, transcription regulation, and tumor necrosis factor signaling. SIAH1 functions as a scaffolding protein and interacts with a variety of different substrates for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. It regulates the oncoprotein p34SEI-1 polyubiquitination and its subsequent degradation in a p53-dependent manner, which mediates p53 preferential vitamin C cytotoxicity. It targets the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase activated Cdc42-associated kinase 1 (ACK1), a valid target in cancer therapy, for ubiquitinylation and proteasomal degradation. It also interacts with KLF10 and targets it for degradation. The CDK2 phosphorylation-mediated KLF10 dissociation from SIAH1 is linked to cell cycle progression. Moreover, SIAH1 is downregulated and associated with apoptosis and invasion in human breast cancer. It targets TAp73, a homolog of the tumor suppressor p53, for degradation. It is suppressed by hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1alpha) under hypoxic conditions to regulate TAp73 levels. It also promotes the migration and invasion of human glioma cells by regulating HIF-1alpha signaling under hypoxia. Furthermore, SIAH1 forms a protein complex with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). The apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) functions as an activator of the GAPDH-Siah1 stress-signaling cascade. It also plays an important role in ethanol-induced apoptosis in neural crest cells (NCCs). SIAH1 contains an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, two zinc-finger subdomains, and a C-terminal tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factor (TRAF)-like substrate-binding domain (SBD) responsible for dimer formation.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 18412353 357 CPICLTNRKDVAFSC--GHMTCGDCGSKISNCPICR 390
Cdd:cd16751   8 CPVCFDYVLPPILQCqsGHLVCSNCRPKLTCCPTCR 43

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RNA-binding protein MEX3C; MEX3C, also known as RING finger and KH domain-containing protein 2 (RKHD2), or RING finger protein 194 (RNF194), is an RNA-binding phosphoprotein that acts as a suppressor of chromosomal instability. It functions as an ubiquitin E3 ligase responsible for the post-transcriptional, HLA-A allotype-specific regulation of MHC class I molecules (MHC-I). It also modifies retinoic acid inducible gene-1 (RIG-I) in stress granules and plays a critical role in eliciting antiviral immune responses. Moreover, MEX3C plays an essential role in normal postnatal growth via enhancing the local expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in bone. It may also be involved in metabolic regulation of energy balance. MEX3C contains two K homology (KH) domains that provide RNA-binding capacity, and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. Like other MEX-3 family proteins, MEX3C shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm via the CRM1-dependent export pathway.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 18412353 357 CPICLTNRKDVAF-SCGH-MTCGDCGSKI-----SNCPICRVRITNRLKLYT 401
Cdd:cd16722   4 CVICFENEVIAALvPCGHnLFCMECANKIceketPSCPVCQTAVTQAIQIHS 55

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing proteins, TRIM7, TRIM11 and TRIM27, and similar proteins; TRIM7, TRIM11 and TRIM27, closely related tripartite motif-containing proteins, belong to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a SPRY/B30.2 domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. TRIM7, also known as glycogenin-interacting protein (GNIP) or RING finger protein 90 (RNF90), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates c-Jun/AP-1 activation by Ras signalling. Its phosphorylation and activation by MSK1 in response to direct activation by the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway can stimulate TRIM7 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in mediating Lys63-linked ubiquitination of the AP-1 coactivator RACO-1, leading to RACO-1 protein stabilization. Moreover, TRIM7 binds and activates glycogenin, the self-glucosylating initiator of glycogen biosynthesis. TRIM11, also known as protein BIA1, or RING finger protein 92 (RNF92), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the development of the central nervous system. It is overexpressed in high-grade gliomas and promotes proliferation, invasion, migration and glial tumor growth. TRIM11 acts as a potential therapeutic target for congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) by mediating the degradation of CCHS-associated polyalanine-expanded Phox2b. TRIM11 modulates the function of neurogenic transcription factor Pax6 through the ubiquitin-proteosome system, and thus plays an essential role for Pax6-dependent neurogenesis. It also binds to and destabilizes a key component of the activator-mediated cofactor complex (ARC105), humanin, a neuroprotective peptide against Alzheimer's disease-relevant insults, and further regulates ARC105 function in transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling. Moreover, TRIM11 negatively regulates retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-mediated interferon-beta (IFNbeta) production and antiviral activity by targeting TANK-binding kinase-1 (TBK1). It may contribute to the endogenous restriction of retroviruses in cells. It enhances N-tropic murine leukemia virus (N-MLV) entry by interfering with Ref1 restriction. It also suppresses the early steps of human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 transduction, resulting in decreased reverse transcripts. TRIM27, also known as RING finger protein 76 (RNF76), RET finger protein (RFP), or zinc finger protein RFP, is a nuclear E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is highly expressed in testis and in various tumor cell lines. Expression of TRIM27 is associated with prognosis of colon and endometrial cancers. TRIM27 was first identified as a fusion partner of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase. It functions as a transcriptional repressor and associates with several proteins involved in transcriptional activity, such as enhancer of polycomb 1 (Epc1), a member of the Polycomb group proteins, and Mi-2beta, a main component of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex, and the cell cycle regulator retinoblastoma protein (RB1). It also interacts with HDAC1, leading to downregulation of thioredoxin binding protein 2 (TBP-2), which inhibits the function of thioredoxin. Moreover, TRIM27 mediates Pax7-induced ubiquitination of MyoD in skeletal muscle atrophy. In addition, it inhibits muscle differentiation by modulating serum response factor (SRF) and Epc1. TRIM27 promotes a non-canonical polyubiquitination of PTEN, a lipid phosphatase that catalyzes PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 (PIP3) to PtdIns(4,5)P2 (PIP2). It is an IKKepsilon-interacting protein that regulates IkappaB kinase (IKK) function and negatively regulates signaling involved in the antiviral response and inflammation. TRIM27 also forms a protein complex with MBD4 or MBD2 or MBD3, and thus plays an important role in the enhancement of transcriptional repression through MBD proteins in tumorigenesis, spermatogenesis, and embryogenesis. It is a component of an estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) regulatory complex that is involved in estrogen receptor-mediated transcription in MCF-7 cells.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 18412353 356 SCPICLTNRKD-VAFSCGHMTCGDC-------GSKISNCPICR 390
Cdd:cd16594   7 TCPICLDYFTDpVTLDCGHSFCRACiarcweePETSASCPQCR 49

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Ret finger protein-like 4B (RFPL4B) and similar proteins; RFPL4B, also called RING finger protein 211 (RNF211), is an uncharacterized RING finger protein containing a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 18412353 352 EQTQSCPICLTNRKD-VAFSCGHMTCGDCGSK--------ISNCPICR 390
Cdd:cd16623   6 EMEATCPICLDFFSHpISLSCAHIFCFDCIQKwmtkredsILTCPLCR 53

RING finger, HC subclass, found in E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Cbl-b and similar proteins; Cbl-b, also known as Casitas B-lineage lymphoma proto-oncogene b, RING finger protein 56 (RNF56), SH3-binding protein Cbl-b, or signal transduction protein Cbl-b, has been identified as a regulator of antigen-specific, T cell-intrinsic, peripheral immune tolerance, a state also known as clonal anergy. It may inhibit activation of the p85 subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase C-theta (PKC-theta), and phospholipase C-gamma1 (PLC-gamma1) and negatively regulates T-cell receptor-induced transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation. In addition, Cbl-b may target multiple signaling molecules involved in transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-mediated transactivation pathways. Cbl-b contains a tyrosine-kinase-binding domain (TKB, also known as the phosphotyrosine binding PTB domain, is composed of a four helix-bundle, a Ca2+ binding EF-hand and a highly variant SH2 domain), a proline rich domain, a nuclear localization signal, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and an ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 18412353 355 QSCPICLTNRKDVAFS-CGHMTCGDC-----GSKISNCPICRVRI 393
Cdd:cd16709  21 QLCKICAENDKDVKIEpCGHLMCTSCltawqESDGQGCPFCRCEI 65

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana protein BREAST CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 homolog (AtBRCA1) and similar proteins; AtBRCA1 plays a role in DNA repair and in cell-cycle control. It is required for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), both natural and induced by genotoxic stress, by homologous recombination (HR). AtBRCA1 contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 18412353 356 SCPICLTNRKDVA-FSCGHMTCGDCGSK----ISNCPICRVRITNR 396
Cdd:cd23147   6 KCPICLSLFKSAAnLSCNHCFCAGCIGEslklSAICPVCKIPATRR 51

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 77 (TRIM77) and similar proteins; TRIM77 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including two consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and Bbox2, as well as a SPRY/B30.2 domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 18412353 356 SCPICLTNRKD-VAFSCGHMTCGDC-------GSKISNCPICRVRITNR 396
Cdd:cd16543   5 TCSICLDLLKDpVTIPCGHSFCMNCitllwdrKQGVPSCPQCRESFPPR 53