phospholipase D gamma 1 [Arabidopsis thaliana]
Protein Classification
List of domain hits
| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | ||||||||||||
| PLN03008 super family | cl31965 | Phospholipase D delta |
37-857 | 0e+00 | ||||||||||||
Phospholipase D delta The actual alignment was detected with superfamily member PLN03008: Pssm-ID: 178585 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 868 Bit Score: 913.71 E-value: 0e+00
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| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | ||||||||||||
| PLN03008 | PLN03008 | Phospholipase D delta |
37-857 | 0e+00 | ||||||||||||
Phospholipase D delta Pssm-ID: 178585 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 868 Bit Score: 913.71 E-value: 0e+00
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| PLDc_pPLDbeta_2 | cd09200 | Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of plant beta-type phospholipase D; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of ... |
537-754 | 1.47e-123 | ||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of plant beta-type phospholipase D; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of plant beta-type phospholipase D (PLDbeta, EC 3.1.4.4). Plant PLDbeta is a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-dependent PLD that possesses a regulatory calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding C2 domain in the N-terminus and requires nanomolar calcium and cytosolic factors for optimal activity. The C2 domain is unique to plant PLDs and is not present in animal or fungal PLDs. Sequence analysis shows that plant PLDbeta is evolutionarily divergent from alpha-type plant PLD, and plant PLDbeta is more closely related to mammalian and yeast PLDs than to plant PLDalpha. Like other PLD enzymes, the monomer of plant PLDbeta consists of two catalytic domains, each of which contains one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue). Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site. Plant PLDbeta may utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197296 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 211 Bit Score: 370.81 E-value: 1.47e-123
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| PLD_C | pfam12357 | Phospholipase D C terminal; This domain family is found in eukaryotes, and is approximately 70 ... |
781-849 | 4.45e-39 | ||||||||||||
Phospholipase D C terminal; This domain family is found in eukaryotes, and is approximately 70 amino acids in length. The family is found in association with pfam00168, pfam00614. There is a conserved FPD sequence motif. This family is the C terminal of phospholipase D. PLD is a major plant lipid-degrading enzyme which is involved in signal transduction. Pssm-ID: 463548 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 69 Bit Score: 138.74 E-value: 4.45e-39
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| Cls | COG1502 | Phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylglycerophosphate/cardiolipin synthase [Lipid transport and ... |
212-742 | 7.39e-31 | ||||||||||||
Phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylglycerophosphate/cardiolipin synthase [Lipid transport and metabolism]; Phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylglycerophosphate/cardiolipin synthase is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Phospholipid biosynthesis Pssm-ID: 441111 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 367 Bit Score: 125.05 E-value: 7.39e-31
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| C2 | smart00239 | Protein kinase C conserved region 2 (CalB); Ca2+-binding motif present in phospholipases, ... |
44-162 | 5.24e-17 | ||||||||||||
Protein kinase C conserved region 2 (CalB); Ca2+-binding motif present in phospholipases, protein kinases C, and synaptotagmins (among others). Some do not appear to contain Ca2+-binding sites. Particular C2s appear to bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Unusual occurrence in perforin. Synaptotagmin and PLC C2s are permuted in sequence with respect to N- and C-terminal beta strands. SMART detects C2 domains using one or both of two profiles. Pssm-ID: 214577 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 101 Bit Score: 77.14 E-value: 5.24e-17
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| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | ||||||||||||
| PLN03008 | PLN03008 | Phospholipase D delta |
37-857 | 0e+00 | ||||||||||||
Phospholipase D delta Pssm-ID: 178585 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 868 Bit Score: 913.71 E-value: 0e+00
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| PLN02270 | PLN02270 | phospholipase D alpha |
39-848 | 0e+00 | ||||||||||||
phospholipase D alpha Pssm-ID: 165912 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 808 Bit Score: 800.31 E-value: 0e+00
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| PLN02352 | PLN02352 | phospholipase D epsilon |
89-840 | 0e+00 | ||||||||||||
phospholipase D epsilon Pssm-ID: 215202 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 758 Bit Score: 605.75 E-value: 0e+00
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| PLDc_pPLDbeta_2 | cd09200 | Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of plant beta-type phospholipase D; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of ... |
537-754 | 1.47e-123 | ||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of plant beta-type phospholipase D; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of plant beta-type phospholipase D (PLDbeta, EC 3.1.4.4). Plant PLDbeta is a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-dependent PLD that possesses a regulatory calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding C2 domain in the N-terminus and requires nanomolar calcium and cytosolic factors for optimal activity. The C2 domain is unique to plant PLDs and is not present in animal or fungal PLDs. Sequence analysis shows that plant PLDbeta is evolutionarily divergent from alpha-type plant PLD, and plant PLDbeta is more closely related to mammalian and yeast PLDs than to plant PLDalpha. Like other PLD enzymes, the monomer of plant PLDbeta consists of two catalytic domains, each of which contains one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue). Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site. Plant PLDbeta may utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197296 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 211 Bit Score: 370.81 E-value: 1.47e-123
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| PLDc_pPLD_like_2 | cd09142 | Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of plant phospholipase D and similar proteins; Catalytic domain, ... |
537-751 | 5.41e-114 | ||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of plant phospholipase D and similar proteins; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of plant phospholipase D (PLD, EC 3.1.4.4) and similar proteins. Plant PLDs have broad substrate specificity and can hydrolyze the terminal phosphodiester bond of several common membrane phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and phosphatidylserine (PS), with the formation of phosphatidic acid and alcohols. Phosphatidic acid is an essential compound involved in signal transduction. PLDs also catalyze the transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols, by which various phospholipids can be synthesized. Most plant PLDs possess a regulatory calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding C2 domain in the N-terminus and require calcium for activity, which is unique to plant PLDs and is not present in animal or fungal PLDs. Like other PLD enzymes, the monomer of plant PLDs consists of two catalytic domains, each of which contains one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue). Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site. Plant PLDs may utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. This subfamily includes two types of plant PLDs, alpha-type and beta-type PLDs, which are derived from different gene products and distinctly regulated. The zeta-type PLD from Arabidopsis is not included in this subfamily. Pssm-ID: 197240 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 208 Bit Score: 345.95 E-value: 5.41e-114
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| PLDc_pPLDbeta_1 | cd09198 | Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of plant beta-type phospholipase D; Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of ... |
240-415 | 2.90e-96 | ||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of plant beta-type phospholipase D; Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of plant beta-type phospholipase D (PLDbeta, EC 3.1.4.4). Plant PLDbeta is a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-dependent PLD that possesses a regulatory calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding C2 domain in the N-terminus and requires nanomolar calcium and cytosolic factors for optimal activity. The C2 domain is unique to plant PLDs and is not present in animal or fungal PLDs. Sequence analysis shows that plant PLDbeta is evolutionarily divergent from alpha-type plant PLD, and plant PLDbeta is more closely related to mammalian and yeast PLDs than to plant PLDalpha. Like other PLD enzymes, the monomer of plant PLDbeta consists of two catalytic domains, each of which contains one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue). Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site. Plant PLDbeta may utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197294 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 180 Bit Score: 298.73 E-value: 2.90e-96
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| PLDc_pPLD_like_1 | cd09139 | Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of plant phospholipase D and similar proteins; Catalytic domain, ... |
240-413 | 2.68e-84 | ||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of plant phospholipase D and similar proteins; Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of plant phospholipase D (PLD, EC 3.1.4.4) and similar proteins. Plant PLDs have broad substrate specificity and can hydrolyze the terminal phosphodiester bond of several common membrane phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and phosphatidylserine (PS), with the formation of phosphatidic acid and alcohols. Phosphatidic acid is an essential compound involved in signal transduction. PLDs also catalyze the transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols, by which various phospholipids can be synthesized. Most plant PLDs possess a regulatory calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding C2 domain in the N-terminus and require calcium for activity, which is unique to plant PLDs and is not present in animal or fungal PLDs. Like other PLD enzymes, the monomer of plant PLDs consists of two catalytic domains, each of which contains one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue). Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site. Plant PLDs may utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. This subfamily includes two types of plant PLDs, alpha-type and beta-type PLDs, which are derived from different gene products and distinctly regulated. The zeta-type PLD from Arabidopsis is not included in this subfamily. Pssm-ID: 197237 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 176 Bit Score: 266.96 E-value: 2.68e-84
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| PLDc_pPLDalpha_2 | cd09199 | Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of plant alpha-type phospholipase D; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, ... |
537-749 | 6.26e-83 | ||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of plant alpha-type phospholipase D; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of plant alpha-type phospholipase D (PLDalpha, EC 3.1.4.4). Plant PLDalpha is a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-independent PLD that possesses a regulatory calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding C2 domain in the N-terminus and require millimolar calcium for optimal activity. The C2 domain is unique to plant PLDs and is not present in animal or fungal PLDs. Like other PLD enzymes, the monomer of plant PLDalpha consists of two catalytic domains, each of which contains one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue). Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site. Plant PLDalpha may utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197295 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 211 Bit Score: 264.56 E-value: 6.26e-83
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| PLDc_pPLDalpha_1 | cd09197 | Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of plant alpha-type phospholipase D; Catalytic domain, repeat 1, ... |
240-413 | 9.04e-66 | ||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of plant alpha-type phospholipase D; Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of plant alpha-type phospholipase D (PLDalpha, EC 3.1.4.4). Plant PLDalpha is a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-independent PLD that possesses a regulatory calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding C2 domain in the N-terminus and require millimolar calcium for optimal activity. The C2 domain is unique to plant PLDs and is not present in animal or fungal PLDs. Like other PLD enzymes, the monomer of plant PLDalpha consists of two catalytic domains, each of which contains one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue). Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site. Plant PLDalpha may utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197293 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 178 Bit Score: 217.48 E-value: 9.04e-66
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| C2_plant_PLD | cd04015 | C2 domain present in plant phospholipase D (PLD); PLD hydrolyzes terminal phosphodiester bonds ... |
39-186 | 2.93e-60 | ||||||||||||
C2 domain present in plant phospholipase D (PLD); PLD hydrolyzes terminal phosphodiester bonds in diester glycerophospholipids resulting in the degradation of phospholipids. In vitro PLD transfers phosphatidic acid to primary alcohols. In plants PLD plays a role in germination, seedling growth, phosphatidylinositol metabolism, and changes in phospholipid composition. There is a single Ca(2+)/phospholipid-binding C2 domain in PLD. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. Pssm-ID: 175982 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 158 Bit Score: 201.38 E-value: 2.93e-60
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| PLDc_vPLD1_2_yPLD_like_2 | cd09141 | Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of vertebrate phospholipases, PLD1 and PLD2, yeast PLDs, and ... |
544-742 | 5.06e-44 | ||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of vertebrate phospholipases, PLD1 and PLD2, yeast PLDs, and similar proteins; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of vertebrate phospholipases D (PLD1 and PLD2), yeast phospholipase D (PLD SPO14/PLD1), and other similar eukaryotic proteins. These PLD enzymes play a pivotal role in transmembrane signaling and cellular regulation. They hydrolyze the terminal phosphodiester bond of phospholipids resulting in the formation of phosphatidic acid and alcohols. Phosphatidic acid is an essential compound involved in signal transduction. PLDs also catalyze the transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols, by which various phospholipids can be synthesized. The vertebrate PLD1 and PLD2 are membrane associated phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-dependent enzymes that selectively hydrolyze phosphatidylcholine (PC). Protein cofactors and calcium may be required for their activation. Yeast SPO14/PLD1 is a calcium-independent PLD, which needs PIP2 for its activity. Instead of the regulatory calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding C2 domain in plants, most mammalian and yeast PLDs have adjacent Phox (PX) and the Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains at the N-terminus, which have been shown to mediate membrane targeting of the protein and are closely linked to polyphosphoinositide signaling. The PX and PH domains are also present in zeta-type PLD from Arabidopsis, which is more closely related to vertebrate PLDs than to other plant PLD types. In addition, this subfamily also includes some related proteins which have either PX-like or PH domains in their N-termini. Like other members of the PLD superfamily, the monomer of mammalian and yeast PLDs consists of two catalytic domains, each containing one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue). Two HKD motifs from the two domains form a single active site. These PLDs utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197239 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 183 Bit Score: 157.34 E-value: 5.06e-44
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| PLN02866 | PLN02866 | phospholipase D |
229-776 | 3.73e-43 | ||||||||||||
phospholipase D Pssm-ID: 215467 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 1068 Bit Score: 169.94 E-value: 3.73e-43
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| PLD_C | pfam12357 | Phospholipase D C terminal; This domain family is found in eukaryotes, and is approximately 70 ... |
781-849 | 4.45e-39 | ||||||||||||
Phospholipase D C terminal; This domain family is found in eukaryotes, and is approximately 70 amino acids in length. The family is found in association with pfam00168, pfam00614. There is a conserved FPD sequence motif. This family is the C terminal of phospholipase D. PLD is a major plant lipid-degrading enzyme which is involved in signal transduction. Pssm-ID: 463548 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 69 Bit Score: 138.74 E-value: 4.45e-39
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| PLDc_vPLD1_2_like_2 | cd09105 | Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of vertebrate phospholipases, PLD1 and PLD2, and similar proteins; ... |
541-743 | 5.16e-37 | ||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of vertebrate phospholipases, PLD1 and PLD2, and similar proteins; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of phospholipase D (PLD, EC 3.1.4.4) found in yeast, plants, and vertebrates, and their bacterial homologs. PLDs are involved in signal transduction, vesicle formation, protein transport, and mitosis by participating in phospholipid metabolism. They hydrolyze the terminal phosphodiester bond of phospholipids resulting in the formation of phosphatidic acid and alcohols. Phosphatidic acid is an essential compound involved in signal transduction. PLDs also catalyze the transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols, by which various phospholipids can be synthesized. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic PLDs have two HKD motifs (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue) that characterizes the phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily. PLDs are active as bi-lobed monomers. Each monomer contains two domains, each of which carries one copy of the HKD motif. Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site. PLDs utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197204 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 146 Bit Score: 135.89 E-value: 5.16e-37
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| Cls | COG1502 | Phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylglycerophosphate/cardiolipin synthase [Lipid transport and ... |
212-742 | 7.39e-31 | ||||||||||||
Phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylglycerophosphate/cardiolipin synthase [Lipid transport and metabolism]; Phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylglycerophosphate/cardiolipin synthase is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Phospholipid biosynthesis Pssm-ID: 441111 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 367 Bit Score: 125.05 E-value: 7.39e-31
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| PLDc_vPLD1_2_like_1 | cd09104 | Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of vertebrate phospholipases, PLD1 and PLD2, and similar proteins; ... |
249-409 | 9.90e-27 | ||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of vertebrate phospholipases, PLD1 and PLD2, and similar proteins; Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of phospholipase D (PLD, EC 3.1.4.4) found in yeast, plants, and vertebrates, and their bacterial homologs. PLDs are involved in signal transduction, vesicle formation, protein transport, and mitosis by participating in phospholipid metabolism. They hydrolyze the terminal phosphodiester bond of phospholipids resulting in the formation of phosphatidic acid and alcohols. Phosphatidic acid is an essential compound involved in signal transduction. PLDs also catalyze the transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols, by which various phospholipids can be synthesized. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic PLDs have two HKD motifs (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue) that characterizes the phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily. PLDs are active as bi-lobed monomers. Each monomer contains two domains, each of which carries one copy of the HKD motif. Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site. PLDs utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197203 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 147 Bit Score: 106.33 E-value: 9.90e-27
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| PLDc_vPLD1_2_yPLD_like_1 | cd09138 | Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of vertebrate phospholipases, PLD1 and PLD2, yeast PLDs, and ... |
251-408 | 2.62e-24 | ||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of vertebrate phospholipases, PLD1 and PLD2, yeast PLDs, and similar proteins; Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of vertebrate phospholipases D (PLD1 and PLD2), yeast phospholipase D (PLD SPO14/PLD1), and other similar eukaryotic proteins. These PLD enzymes play a pivotal role in transmembrane signaling and cellular regulation. They hydrolyze the terminal phosphodiester bond of phospholipids resulting in the formation of phosphatidic acid and alcohols. Phosphatidic acid is an essential compound involved in signal transduction. PLDs also catalyze the transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols, by which various phospholipids can be synthesized. The vertebrate PLD1 and PLD2 are membrane associated phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-dependent enzymes that selectively hydrolyze phosphatidylcholine (PC). Protein cofactors and calcium may be required for their activation. Yeast SPO14/PLD1 is a calcium-independent PLD, which needs PIP2 for its activity. Instead of the regulatory calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding C2 domain in plants, most mammalian and yeast PLDs have adjacent Phox (PX) and the Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains at the N-terminus, which have been shown to mediate membrane targeting of the protein and are closely linked to polyphosphoinositide signaling. The PX and PH domains are also present in zeta-type PLD from Arabidopsis, which is more closely related to vertebrate PLDs than to other plant PLD types. In addition, this subfamily also includes some related proteins which have either PX-like or PH domains in their N-termini. Like other members of the PLD superfamily, the monomer of mammalian and yeast PLDs consists of two catalytic domains, each containing one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue). Two HKD motifs from the two domains form a single active site. These PLDs utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197236 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 146 Bit Score: 99.56 E-value: 2.62e-24
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| PLDc_vPLD1_2 | cd09844 | Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of vertebrate phospholipase D1; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of ... |
544-742 | 2.17e-23 | ||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of vertebrate phospholipase D1; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of vertebrate phospholipase D1 (PLD1). PLDs play a pivotal role in transmembrane signaling and cellular regulation. They hydrolyze the terminal phosphodiester bond of phospholipids resulting in the formation of phosphatidic acid and alcohols. Phosphatidic acid is an essential compound involved in signal transduction. PLDs also catalyze the transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols, by which various phospholipids can be synthesized. Vertebrate PLD1 is a membrane associated phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-dependent enzyme that selectively hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine (PC). Protein cofactors and calcium might be required for its activation. Most vertebrate PLDs have adjacent Phox (PX) and the Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains at their N-terminus, which have been shown to mediate membrane targeting of the protein and are closely linked to polyphosphoinositide signaling. Like other members of the PLD superfamily, the monomer of vertebrate PLDs consists of two catalytic domains, each of which contains one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue). Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site. These PLDs utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197302 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 182 Bit Score: 98.09 E-value: 2.17e-23
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| PLDc_vPLD2_2 | cd09845 | Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of vertebrate phospholipase D2; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of ... |
544-742 | 1.97e-20 | ||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of vertebrate phospholipase D2; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of vertebrate phospholipase D2 (PLD2). PLDs play a pivotal role in transmembrane signaling and cellular regulation. They hydrolyze the terminal phosphodiester bond of phospholipids with the formation of phosphatidic acid and alcohols. Phosphatidic acid is an essential compound involved in signal transduction. They also catalyze a transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols, by which various phospholipids can be synthesized. Vertebrate PLD2 is a membrane associated phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-dependent enzyme that selectively hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine (PC). Protein cofactors and calcium might be required for its activation. Most vertebrate PLDs have adjacent Phox (PX) and the Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains at their N-terminus, which have been shown to mediate membrane targeting of the protein and are closely linked to polyphosphoinositide signaling. Like other members of the PLD superfamily, the monomer of vertebrate PLDs consists of two catalytic domains, each of which contains one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue). Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site. These PLDs utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197303 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 182 Bit Score: 89.55 E-value: 1.97e-20
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| C2 | pfam00168 | C2 domain; |
42-165 | 2.49e-18 | ||||||||||||
C2 domain; Pssm-ID: 425499 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 104 Bit Score: 80.83 E-value: 2.49e-18
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| PLDc_vPLD1_2_like_bac_1 | cd09140 | Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of uncharacterized bacterial proteins with similarity to ... |
253-405 | 1.35e-17 | ||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of uncharacterized bacterial proteins with similarity to vertebrate phospholipases, PLD1 and PLD2; Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of uncharacterized bacterial counterparts of vertebrate, yeast and plant phospholipase D (PLD, EC 3.1.4.4). PLDs hydrolyze the terminal phosphodiester bond of phospholipids with the formation of phosphatidic acid and alcohols. They also catalyze the transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols, by which various phospholipids can be synthesized. Instead of the regulatory C2 (calcium-activated lipid binding) domain in plants and the adjacent Phox (PX) and the Pleckstrin homology (PH) N-terminal domains in most mammalian and yeast PLDs, many members in this subfamily contain a SNARE associated C-terminal domain, whose functional role is unclear. Like other PLD enzymes, members in this subfamily contain two copies of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue), that may play an important role in the catalysis. Pssm-ID: 197238 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 146 Bit Score: 80.28 E-value: 1.35e-17
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| C2 | smart00239 | Protein kinase C conserved region 2 (CalB); Ca2+-binding motif present in phospholipases, ... |
44-162 | 5.24e-17 | ||||||||||||
Protein kinase C conserved region 2 (CalB); Ca2+-binding motif present in phospholipases, protein kinases C, and synaptotagmins (among others). Some do not appear to contain Ca2+-binding sites. Particular C2s appear to bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Unusual occurrence in perforin. Synaptotagmin and PLC C2s are permuted in sequence with respect to N- and C-terminal beta strands. SMART detects C2 domains using one or both of two profiles. Pssm-ID: 214577 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 101 Bit Score: 77.14 E-value: 5.24e-17
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| PLDc_vPLD1_2_like_bac_2 | cd09143 | Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of uncharacterized bacterial proteins with similarity to ... |
545-739 | 4.95e-15 | ||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of uncharacterized bacterial proteins with similarity to vertebrate phospholipases, PLD1 and PLD2; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of uncharacterized bacterial counterparts of vertebrate, yeast and plant phospholipase D (PLD, EC 3.1.4.4). PLDs hydrolyze the terminal phosphodiester bond of phospholipids with the formation of phosphatidic acid and alcohols. They also catalyze the transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols, by which various phospholipids can be synthesized. Instead of the regulatory C2 (calcium-activated lipid binding) domain in plants and the adjacent Phox (PX) and the Pleckstrin homology (PH) N-terminal domains in most mammalian and yeast PLDs, many members in this subfamily contain a SNARE associated C-terminal domain, whose functional role is unclear. Like other PLD enzymes, members in this subfamily contain two copies of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue), that may play an important role in the catalysis. Pssm-ID: 197241 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 142 Bit Score: 72.94 E-value: 4.95e-15
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| PLDc_vPLD1_1 | cd09842 | Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of vertebrate phospholipase D1; Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of ... |
244-407 | 3.59e-13 | ||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of vertebrate phospholipase D1; Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of vertebrate phospholipase D1 (PLD1). PLDs play a pivotal role in transmembrane signaling and cellular regulation. They hydrolyze the terminal phosphodiester bond of phospholipids resulting in the formation of phosphatidic acid and alcohols. Phosphatidic acid is an essential compound involved in signal transduction. PLDs also catalyze the transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols, by which various phospholipids can be synthesized. Vertebrate PLD1 is a membrane associated phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-dependent enzyme that selectively hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine (PC). Protein cofactors and calcium might be required for its activation. Most vertebrate PLDs have adjacent Phox (PX) and the Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains at their N-terminus, which have been shown to mediate membrane targeting of the protein and are closely linked to polyphosphoinositide signaling. Like other members of the PLD superfamily, the monomer of vertebrate PLDs consists of two catalytic domains, each of which contains one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue). Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site. These PLDs utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197300 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 151 Bit Score: 67.75 E-value: 3.59e-13
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| C2 | cd00030 | C2 domain; The C2 domain was first identified in PKC. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed ... |
44-165 | 7.00e-13 | ||||||||||||
C2 domain; The C2 domain was first identified in PKC. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. Pssm-ID: 175973 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 102 Bit Score: 65.55 E-value: 7.00e-13
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| PLDc_vPLD2_1 | cd09843 | Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of vertebrate phospholipase D2; Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of ... |
252-401 | 1.56e-12 | ||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of vertebrate phospholipase D2; Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of vertebrate phospholipase D2 (PLD2). PLDs play a pivotal role in transmembrane signaling and cellular regulation. They hydrolyze the terminal phosphodiester bond of phospholipids with the formation of phosphatidic acid and alcohols. Phosphatidic acid is an essential compound involved in signal transduction. They also catalyze a transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols, by which various phospholipids can be synthesized. Vertebrate PLD2 is a membrane associated phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-dependent enzyme that selectively hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine (PC). Protein cofactors and calcium might be required for its activation. Most vertebrate PLDs have adjacent Phox (PX) and the Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains at their N-terminus, which have been shown to mediate membrane targeting of the protein and are closely linked to polyphosphoinositide signaling. Like other members of the PLD superfamily, the monomer of vertebrate PLDs consists of two catalytic domains, each of which contains one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue). Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site. These PLDs utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197301 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 145 Bit Score: 65.79 E-value: 1.56e-12
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| C2C_Tricalbin-like | cd04045 | C2 domain third repeat present in Tricalbin-like proteins; 5 to 6 copies of the C2 domain are ... |
42-153 | 3.74e-09 | ||||||||||||
C2 domain third repeat present in Tricalbin-like proteins; 5 to 6 copies of the C2 domain are present in Tricalbin, a yeast homolog of Synaptotagmin, which is involved in membrane trafficking and sorting. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the third C2 repeat, C2C, and has a type-II topology. Pssm-ID: 176010 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 120 Bit Score: 55.29 E-value: 3.74e-09
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| C2_PLC_like | cd00275 | C2 domain present in Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipases C (PLC); PLCs are involved in ... |
68-172 | 1.03e-08 | ||||||||||||
C2 domain present in Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipases C (PLC); PLCs are involved in the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to d-myo-inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (1,4,5-IP3) and sn-1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG). 1,4,5-IP3 and DAG are second messengers in eukaryotic signal transduction cascades. PLC is composed of a N-terminal PH domain followed by a series of EF hands, a catalytic TIM barrel and a C-terminal C2 domain. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. Members here have a type-II topology. Pssm-ID: 175974 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 128 Bit Score: 54.08 E-value: 1.03e-08
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| C2A_Ferlin | cd08373 | C2 domain first repeat in Ferlin; Ferlins are involved in vesicle fusion events. Ferlins and ... |
86-189 | 3.73e-08 | ||||||||||||
C2 domain first repeat in Ferlin; Ferlins are involved in vesicle fusion events. Ferlins and other proteins, such as Synaptotagmins, are implicated in facilitating the fusion process when cell membranes fuse together. There are six known human Ferlins: Dysferlin (Fer1L1), Otoferlin (Fer1L2), Myoferlin (Fer1L3), Fer1L4, Fer1L5, and Fer1L6. Defects in these genes can lead to a wide range of diseases including muscular dystrophy (dysferlin), deafness (otoferlin), and infertility (fer-1, fertilization factor-1). Structurally they have 6 tandem C2 domains, designated as (C2A-C2F) and a single C-terminal transmembrane domain, though there is a new study that disputes this and claims that there are actually 7 tandem C2 domains with another C2 domain inserted between C2D and C2E. In a subset of them (Dysferlin, Myoferlin, and Fer1) there is an additional conserved domain called DysF. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2 repeat, C2A, and has a type-II topology. Pssm-ID: 176019 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 127 Bit Score: 52.64 E-value: 3.73e-08
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| C2A_C2C_Synaptotagmin_like | cd08391 | C2 domain first and third repeat in Synaptotagmin-like proteins; Synaptotagmin is a ... |
42-137 | 1.79e-07 | ||||||||||||
C2 domain first and third repeat in Synaptotagmin-like proteins; Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains either the first or third repeat in Synaptotagmin-like proteins with a type-I topology. Pssm-ID: 176037 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 121 Bit Score: 50.37 E-value: 1.79e-07
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| PLDc_CLS_2 | cd09112 | catalytic domain repeat 2 of bacterial cardiolipin synthase and similar proteins; This CD ... |
544-733 | 2.54e-07 | ||||||||||||
catalytic domain repeat 2 of bacterial cardiolipin synthase and similar proteins; This CD corresponds to the catalytic domain repeat 2 of bacterial cardiolipin synthase (CL synthase, EC 2.7.8.-) and a few homologs found in eukaryotes and archea. Bacterial CL synthases catalyze reversible phosphatidyl group transfer between two phosphatidylglycerol molecules to form cardiolipin (CL) and glycerol. The monomer of bacterial CL synthase consists of two catalytic domains. Each catalytic domain contains one copy of conserved HKD motifs (H-X-K-X(4)-D, X represents any amino acid residue) that are the characteristic of the phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily. Two HKD motifs from two domains together form a single active site involving in phosphatidyl group transfer. Bacterial CL synthases can be stimulated by phosphate and inhibited by CL, the product of the reaction, and by phosphatidate. Phosphate stimulation may be unique to enzymes with CL synthase activity in PLD superfamily. Like other PLD enzymes, bacterial CL synthase utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197211 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 174 Bit Score: 51.32 E-value: 2.54e-07
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| PLDc | smart00155 | Phospholipase D. Active site motifs; Phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D (PLD) ... |
704-731 | 5.08e-07 | ||||||||||||
Phospholipase D. Active site motifs; Phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D (PLD) isoforms are activated by ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs). PLD produces phosphatidic acid from phosphatidylcholine, which may be essential for the formation of certain types of transport vesicles or may be constitutive vesicular transport to signal transduction pathways. PC-hydrolysing PLD is a homologue of cardiolipin synthase, phosphatidylserine synthase, bacterial PLDs, and viral proteins. Each of these appears to possess a domain duplication which is apparent by the presence of two motifs containing well-conserved histidine, lysine, aspartic acid, and/or asparagine residues which may contribute to the active site. An E. coli endonuclease (nuc) and similar proteins appear to be PLD homologues but possess only one of these motifs. The profile contained here represents only the putative active site regions, since an accurate multiple alignment of the repeat units has not been achieved. Pssm-ID: 197546 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 28 Bit Score: 46.61 E-value: 5.08e-07
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| PLDc_CLS_1 | cd09110 | Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of bacterial cardiolipin synthase and similar proteins; Catalytic ... |
250-459 | 1.14e-06 | ||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of bacterial cardiolipin synthase and similar proteins; Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of bacterial cardiolipin (CL) synthase and a few homologs found in eukaryotes and archaea. Bacterial CL synthases catalyze the reversible phosphatidyl group transfer between two phosphatidylglycerol molecules to form CL and glycerol. The monomer of bacterial CL synthase consists of two catalytic domains. Each catalytic domain contains one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue) that characterizes the phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily. Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site involved in phosphatidyl group transfer. Bacterial CL synthases can be stimulated by phosphate and inhibited by CL, the product of the reaction, and by phosphatidate. Phosphate stimulation may be unique to enzymes with CL synthase activity belonging to the PLD superfamily. Like other PLD enzymes, bacterial CL synthases utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197209 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 154 Bit Score: 49.01 E-value: 1.14e-06
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| C2A_Synaptotagmin-like | cd04024 | C2 domain first repeat present in Synaptotagmin-like proteins; Synaptotagmin is a ... |
42-160 | 1.65e-06 | ||||||||||||
C2 domain first repeat present in Synaptotagmin-like proteins; Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2 repeat, C2A, and has a type-I topology. Pssm-ID: 175990 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 128 Bit Score: 47.80 E-value: 1.65e-06
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| COG5038 | COG5038 | Ca2+-dependent lipid-binding protein, contains C2 domain [General function prediction only]; |
74-121 | 2.11e-06 | ||||||||||||
Ca2+-dependent lipid-binding protein, contains C2 domain [General function prediction only]; Pssm-ID: 227371 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 1227 Bit Score: 51.68 E-value: 2.11e-06
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| C2_cPLA2 | cd04036 | C2 domain present in cytosolic PhosphoLipase A2 (cPLA2); A single copy of the C2 domain is ... |
85-171 | 5.08e-06 | ||||||||||||
C2 domain present in cytosolic PhosphoLipase A2 (cPLA2); A single copy of the C2 domain is present in cPLA2 which releases arachidonic acid from membranes initiating the biosynthesis of potent inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and platelet-activating factor. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. Members of this cd have a type-II topology. Pssm-ID: 176001 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 119 Bit Score: 46.49 E-value: 5.08e-06
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| C2A_Tricalbin-like | cd04044 | C2 domain first repeat present in Tricalbin-like proteins; 5 to 6 copies of the C2 domain are ... |
80-172 | 8.71e-06 | ||||||||||||
C2 domain first repeat present in Tricalbin-like proteins; 5 to 6 copies of the C2 domain are present in Tricalbin, a yeast homolog of Synaptotagmin, which is involved in membrane trafficking and sorting. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2 repeat, C2A, and has a type-II topology. Pssm-ID: 176009 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 124 Bit Score: 45.62 E-value: 8.71e-06
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| C2D_Tricalbin-like | cd04040 | C2 domain fourth repeat present in Tricalbin-like proteins; 5 to 6 copies of the C2 domain are ... |
86-140 | 1.96e-05 | ||||||||||||
C2 domain fourth repeat present in Tricalbin-like proteins; 5 to 6 copies of the C2 domain are present in Tricalbin, a yeast homolog of Synaptotagmin, which is involved in membrane trafficking and sorting. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the fifth C2 repeat, C2E, and has a type-II topology. Pssm-ID: 176005 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 115 Bit Score: 44.48 E-value: 1.96e-05
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| C2B_Munc13-like | cd04009 | C2 domain second repeat in Munc13 (mammalian uncoordinated)-like proteins; C2-like domains are ... |
86-141 | 2.04e-05 | ||||||||||||
C2 domain second repeat in Munc13 (mammalian uncoordinated)-like proteins; C2-like domains are thought to be involved in phospholipid binding in a Ca2+ independent manner in both Unc13 and Munc13. Caenorabditis elegans Unc13 has a central domain with sequence similarity to PKC, which includes C1 and C2-related domains. Unc13 binds phorbol esters and DAG with high affinity in a phospholipid manner. Mutations in Unc13 results in abnormal neuronal connections and impairment in cholinergic neurotransmission in the nematode. Munc13 is the mammalian homolog which are expressed in the brain. There are 3 isoforms (Munc13-1, -2, -3) and are thought to play a role in neurotransmitter release and are hypothesized to be high-affinity receptors for phorbol esters. Unc13 and Munc13 contain both C1 and C2 domains. There are two C2 related domains present, one central and one at the carboxyl end. Munc13-1 contains a third C2-like domain. Munc13 interacts with syntaxin, synaptobrevin, and synaptotagmin suggesting a role for these as scaffolding proteins. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the third C2 repeat, C2C, and has a type-II topology. Pssm-ID: 175976 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 133 Bit Score: 44.92 E-value: 2.04e-05
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| PLDc_unchar1_2 | cd09128 | Putative catalytic domain, repeat 2, of uncharacterized phospholipase D-like proteins; ... |
706-742 | 2.81e-05 | ||||||||||||
Putative catalytic domain, repeat 2, of uncharacterized phospholipase D-like proteins; Putative catalytic domain, repeat 2, of uncharacterized phospholipase D (PLD, EC 3.1.4.4)-like proteins. PLD enzymes hydrolyze phospholipid phosphodiester bonds to yield phosphatidic acid and a free polar head group. They can also catalyze transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols. Members of this subfamily contain two HKD motifs (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue) that characterizes the PLD superfamily. The two motifs may be part of the active site and may be involved in phosphatidyl group transfer. Pssm-ID: 197226 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 142 Bit Score: 44.96 E-value: 2.81e-05
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| PLDc | pfam00614 | Phospholipase D Active site motif; Phosphatidylcholine-hydrolysing phospholipase D (PLD) ... |
705-731 | 2.82e-05 | ||||||||||||
Phospholipase D Active site motif; Phosphatidylcholine-hydrolysing phospholipase D (PLD) isoforms are activated by ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs). PLD produces phosphatidic acid from phosphatidylcholine, which may be essential for the formation of certain types of transport vesicles or may be constitutive vesicular transport to signal transduction pathways. PC-hydrolysing PLD is a homolog of cardiolipin synthase, phosphatidylserine synthase, bacterial PLDs, and viral proteins. Each of these appears to possess a domain duplication which is apparent by the presence of two motifs containing well-conserved histidine, lysine, and/or asparagine residues which may contribute to the active site. aspartic acid. An E. coli endonuclease (nuc) and similar proteins appear to be PLD homologs but possess only one of these motifs. The profile contained here represents only the putative active site regions, since an accurate multiple alignment of the repeat units has not been achieved. Pssm-ID: 395489 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 28 Bit Score: 41.64 E-value: 2.82e-05
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| PLDc_CLS_unchar2_2 | cd09163 | Putative catalytic domain, repeat 2, of uncharacterized proteins similar to bacterial ... |
709-732 | 2.98e-05 | ||||||||||||
Putative catalytic domain, repeat 2, of uncharacterized proteins similar to bacterial cardiolipin synthase; Putative catalytic domain, repeat 2, of uncharacterized proteins similar to bacterial cardiolipin (CL) synthases, which catalyze the reversible phosphatidyl group transfer between two phosphatidylglycerol molecules to form CL and glycerol. Members of this subfamily contain two HKD motifs (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue) that characterizes the phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily. The two motifs may be part of the active site and may be involved in phosphatidyl group transfer. Pssm-ID: 197260 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 176 Bit Score: 45.24 E-value: 2.98e-05
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| PLDc_2 | pfam13091 | PLD-like domain; |
703-738 | 3.09e-05 | ||||||||||||
PLD-like domain; Pssm-ID: 463784 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 132 Bit Score: 44.59 E-value: 3.09e-05
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| C2A_Rasal1_RasA4 | cd04054 | C2 domain first repeat present in RasA1 and RasA4; Rasal1 and RasA4 are both members of GAP1 ... |
85-155 | 7.00e-05 | ||||||||||||
C2 domain first repeat present in RasA1 and RasA4; Rasal1 and RasA4 are both members of GAP1 (GTPase activating protein 1). Rasal1 responds to repetitive Ca2+ signals by associating with the plasma membrane and deactivating Ras. RasA4 suppresses Ras function by enhancing the GTPase activity of Ras proteins resulting in the inactive GDP-bound form of Ras. In this way it can control cellular proliferation and differentiation. Both of these proteins contains two C2 domains, a Ras-GAP domain, a plextrin homology (PH)-like domain, and a Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) zinc binding domain. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2 repeat, C2A, and has a type-I topology. Pssm-ID: 176018 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 121 Bit Score: 43.27 E-value: 7.00e-05
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| cls | PRK01642 | cardiolipin synthetase; Reviewed |
253-732 | 1.16e-04 | ||||||||||||
cardiolipin synthetase; Reviewed Pssm-ID: 234967 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 483 Bit Score: 45.54 E-value: 1.16e-04
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| PLDc_SF | cd00138 | Catalytic domain of phospholipase D superfamily proteins; Catalytic domain of phospholipase D ... |
702-738 | 2.16e-04 | ||||||||||||
Catalytic domain of phospholipase D superfamily proteins; Catalytic domain of phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily proteins. The PLD superfamily is composed of a large and diverse group of proteins including plant, mammalian and bacterial PLDs, bacterial cardiolipin (CL) synthases, bacterial phosphatidylserine synthases (PSS), eukaryotic phosphatidylglycerophosphate (PGP) synthase, eukaryotic tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (Tdp1), and some bacterial endonucleases (Nuc and BfiI), among others. PLD enzymes hydrolyze phospholipid phosphodiester bonds to yield phosphatidic acid and a free polar head group. They can also catalyze the transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols. The majority of members in this superfamily contain a short conserved sequence motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue), called the HKD signature motif. There are varying expanded forms of this motif in different family members. Some members contain variant HKD motifs. Most PLD enzymes are monomeric proteins with two HKD motif-containing domains. Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site. Some PLD enzymes have only one copy of the HKD motif per subunit but form a functionally active dimer, which has a single active site at the dimer interface containing the two HKD motifs from both subunits. Different PLD enzymes may have evolved through domain fusion of a common catalytic core with separate substrate recognition domains. Despite their various catalytic functions and a very broad range of substrate specificities, the diverse group of PLD enzymes can bind to a phosphodiester moiety. Most of them are active as bi-lobed monomers or dimers, and may possess similar core structures for catalytic activity. They are generally thought to utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism, involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate, to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197200 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 119 Bit Score: 41.73 E-value: 2.16e-04
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| PLDc_EcCLS_like_2 | cd09158 | Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of Escherichia coli cardiolipin synthase and similar proteins; ... |
709-733 | 2.55e-04 | ||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of Escherichia coli cardiolipin synthase and similar proteins; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of Escherichia coli cardiolipin (CL) synthase and similar proteins. Escherichia coli CL synthase (EcCLS), specified by the cls gene, is the prototype of this family. EcCLS is a multi-pass membrane protein that catalyzes reversible phosphatidyl group transfer between two phosphatidylglycerol molecules to form cardiolipin (CL) and glycerol. The monomer of EcCLS consists of two catalytic domains. Each catalytic domain contains one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue) that characterizes the phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily. Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site involved in phosphatidyl group transfer. EcCLS can be stimulated by phosphate and inhibited by CL, the product of the reaction, and by phosphatidate. Phosphate stimulation may be unique to enzymes with CL synthase activity belonging to the PLD superfamily. Like other PLD enzymes, EcCLS utilizes a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197255 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 174 Bit Score: 42.56 E-value: 2.55e-04
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| PLDc_CLS_unchar1_2 | cd09162 | Putative catalytic domain, repeat 2, of uncharacterized proteins similar to bacterial ... |
708-732 | 3.11e-04 | ||||||||||||
Putative catalytic domain, repeat 2, of uncharacterized proteins similar to bacterial cardiolipin synthase; Putative catalytic domain, repeat 2, of uncharacterized proteins similar to bacterial cardiolipin (CL) synthases, which catalyze the reversible phosphatidyl group transfer between two phosphatidylglycerol molecules to form CL and glycerol. Members of this subfamily contain two HKD motifs (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue) that characterizes the phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily. The two motifs may be part of the active site and may be involved in phosphatidyl group transfer. Pssm-ID: 197259 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 172 Bit Score: 42.25 E-value: 3.11e-04
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| C2_Munc13_fungal | cd04043 | C2 domain in Munc13 (mammalian uncoordinated) proteins; fungal group; C2-like domains are ... |
78-126 | 3.66e-04 | ||||||||||||
C2 domain in Munc13 (mammalian uncoordinated) proteins; fungal group; C2-like domains are thought to be involved in phospholipid binding in a Ca2+ independent manner in both Unc13 and Munc13. Caenorabditis elegans Unc13 has a central domain with sequence similarity to PKC, which includes C1 and C2-related domains. Unc13 binds phorbol esters and DAG with high affinity in a phospholipid manner. Mutations in Unc13 results in abnormal neuronal connections and impairment in cholinergic neurotransmission in the nematode. Munc13 is the mammalian homolog which are expressed in the brain. There are 3 isoforms (Munc13-1, -2, -3) and are thought to play a role in neurotransmitter release and are hypothesized to be high-affinity receptors for phorbol esters. Unc13 and Munc13 contain both C1 and C2 domains. There are two C2 related domains present, one central and one at the carboxyl end. Munc13-1 contains a third C2-like domain. Munc13 interacts with syntaxin, synaptobrevin, and synaptotagmin suggesting a role for these as scaffolding proteins. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a type-II topology. Pssm-ID: 176008 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 126 Bit Score: 41.09 E-value: 3.66e-04
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| C2A_RasGAP | cd08383 | C2 domain (first repeat) of Ras GTPase activating proteins (GAPs); RasGAPs suppress Ras ... |
76-165 | 3.89e-04 | ||||||||||||
C2 domain (first repeat) of Ras GTPase activating proteins (GAPs); RasGAPs suppress Ras function by enhancing the GTPase activity of Ras proteins resulting in the inactive GDP-bound form of Ras. In this way it can control cellular proliferation and differentiation. The proteins here all contain either a single C2 domain or two tandem C2 domains, a Ras-GAP domain, and a pleckstrin homology (PH)-like domain. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. Members here have a type-I topology. Pssm-ID: 176029 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 117 Bit Score: 40.71 E-value: 3.89e-04
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| C2A_MCTP_PRT | cd04042 | C2 domain first repeat found in Multiple C2 domain and Transmembrane region Proteins (MCTP); ... |
85-153 | 3.95e-04 | ||||||||||||
C2 domain first repeat found in Multiple C2 domain and Transmembrane region Proteins (MCTP); MCTPs are involved in Ca2+ signaling at the membrane. MCTP is composed of a variable N-terminal sequence, three C2 domains, two transmembrane regions (TMRs), and a short C-terminal sequence. It is one of four protein classes that are anchored to membranes via a transmembrane region; the others being synaptotagmins, extended synaptotagmins, and ferlins. MCTPs are the only membrane-bound C2 domain proteins that contain two functional TMRs. MCTPs are unique in that they bind Ca2+ but not phospholipids. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2 repeat, C2A, and has a type-II topology. Pssm-ID: 176007 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 121 Bit Score: 41.11 E-value: 3.95e-04
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| PLDc_ybhO_like_2 | cd09159 | Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of Escherichia coli cardiolipin synthase ybhO and similar proteins; ... |
709-732 | 4.08e-04 | ||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of Escherichia coli cardiolipin synthase ybhO and similar proteins; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of Escherichia coli cardiolipin (CL) synthase ybhO and similar proteins. In Escherichia coli, there are two genes, f413 (ybhO) and o493 (ymdC), which are homologous to gene cls that encodes the Escherichia coli CL synthase. The prototype of this subfamily is Escherichia coli CL synthase ybhO specified by the f413 (ybhO) gene. ybhO is a membrane-bound protein that catalyzes the formation of cardiolipin (CL) by transferring phosphatidyl group between two phosphatidylglycerol molecules. It can also catalyze phosphatidyl group transfer to water to form phosphatidate. In contrast to the Escherichia coli CL synthase encoded by the cls gene (EcCLS), ybhO does not hydrolyze CL. Moreover, ybhO lacks an N-terminal segment encoded by Escherichia coli cls, which makes ybhO easy to denature. The monomer of ybhO consists of two catalytic domains. Each catalytic domain contains one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue) that characterizes the phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily. Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site involved in phosphatidyl group transfer. ybhO can be stimulated by phosphate and inhibited by CL, the product of the reaction, and by phosphatidate. Phosphate stimulation may be unique to enzymes with CL synthase activity belonging to the PLD superfamily. Pssm-ID: 197256 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 170 Bit Score: 41.76 E-value: 4.08e-04
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| C2_PKC_epsilon | cd04014 | C2 domain in Protein Kinase C (PKC) epsilon; A single C2 domain is found in PKC epsilon. The ... |
80-140 | 4.19e-04 | ||||||||||||
C2 domain in Protein Kinase C (PKC) epsilon; A single C2 domain is found in PKC epsilon. The PKC family of serine/threonine kinases regulates apoptosis, proliferation, migration, motility, chemo-resistance, and differentiation. There are 3 groups: group 1 (alpha, betaI, beta II, gamma) which require phospholipids and calcium, group 2 (delta, epsilon, theta, eta) which do not require calcium for activation, and group 3 (xi, iota/lambda) which are atypical and can be activated in the absence of diacylglycerol and calcium. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. Members here have a type-II topology. Pssm-ID: 175981 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 132 Bit Score: 41.10 E-value: 4.19e-04
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| C2_ArfGAP | cd04038 | C2 domain present in Arf GTPase Activating Proteins (GAP); ArfGAP is a GTPase activating ... |
85-137 | 5.33e-04 | ||||||||||||
C2 domain present in Arf GTPase Activating Proteins (GAP); ArfGAP is a GTPase activating protein which regulates the ADP ribosylation factor Arf, a member of the Ras superfamily of GTP-binding proteins. The GTP-bound form of Arf is involved in Golgi morphology and is involved in recruiting coat proteins. ArfGAP is responsible for the GDP-bound form of Arf which is necessary for uncoating the membrane and allowing the Golgi to fuse with an acceptor compartment. These proteins contain an N-terminal ArfGAP domain containing the characteristic zinc finger motif (Cys-x2-Cys-x(16,17)-x2-Cys) and C-terminal C2 domain. C2 domains were first identified in Protein Kinase C (PKC). C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. Pssm-ID: 176003 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 145 Bit Score: 41.16 E-value: 5.33e-04
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| C2B_SLP_1-2-3-4 | cd04020 | C2 domain second repeat present in Synaptotagmin-like proteins 1-4; All Slp members basically ... |
24-113 | 5.65e-04 | ||||||||||||
C2 domain second repeat present in Synaptotagmin-like proteins 1-4; All Slp members basically share an N-terminal Slp homology domain (SHD) and C-terminal tandem C2 domains (named the C2A domain and the C2B domain) with the SHD and C2 domains being separated by a linker sequence of various length. Slp1/JFC1 and Slp2/exophilin 4 promote granule docking to the plasma membrane. Additionally, their C2A domains are both Ca2+ independent, unlike the case in Slp3 and Slp4/granuphilin in which their C2A domains are Ca2+ dependent. It is thought that SHD (except for the Slp4-SHD) functions as a specific Rab27A/B-binding domain. In addition to Slps, rabphilin, Noc2, and Munc13-4 also function as Rab27-binding proteins. It has been demonstrated that Slp3 and Slp4/granuphilin promote dense-core vesicle exocytosis. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology. Pssm-ID: 175987 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 162 Bit Score: 41.54 E-value: 5.65e-04
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| PLDc_ymdC_like_2 | cd09113 | Putative catalytic domain, repeat 2, of Escherichia coli uncharacterized protein ymdC and ... |
709-742 | 8.72e-04 | ||||||||||||
Putative catalytic domain, repeat 2, of Escherichia coli uncharacterized protein ymdC and similar proteins; Putative catalytic domain, repeat 2, of Escherichia coli uncharacterized protein ymdC and similar proteins. In Escherichia coli, there are two genes, f413 (ybhO) and o493 (ymdC), which are homologous to gene cls that encodes the Escherichia coli cardiolipin (CL) synthase. The prototype of this subfamily is an uncharacterized protein ymdC specified by the o493 (ymdC) gene. Although the functional characterization of ymdC and similar proteins remains unknown, members of this subfamily show high sequence homology to bacterial CL synthases, which catalyze the reversible phosphatidyl group transfer between two phosphatidylglycerol molecules to form CL and glycerol. Moreover, ymdC and its similar proteins contain two HKD motifs (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue) that characteriszes the phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily. The two motifs may be part of the active site and may be involved in phosphatidyl group transfer. Pssm-ID: 197212 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 218 Bit Score: 41.82 E-value: 8.72e-04
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| C2_KIAA0528-like | cd08688 | C2 domain found in the Human KIAA0528 cDNA clone; The members of this CD are named after the ... |
44-165 | 9.30e-04 | ||||||||||||
C2 domain found in the Human KIAA0528 cDNA clone; The members of this CD are named after the Human KIAA0528 cDNA clone. All members here contain a single C2 repeat. No other information on this protein is currently known. The C2 domain was first identified in PKC. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. Pssm-ID: 176070 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 110 Bit Score: 39.60 E-value: 9.30e-04
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| C2_C21orf25-like | cd08678 | C2 domain found in the Human chromosome 21 open reading frame 25 (C21orf25) protein; The ... |
102-189 | 1.00e-03 | ||||||||||||
C2 domain found in the Human chromosome 21 open reading frame 25 (C21orf25) protein; The members in this cd are named after the Human C21orf25 which contains a single C2 domain. Several other members contain a C1 domain downstream of the C2 domain. No other information on this protein is currently known. The C2 domain was first identified in PKC. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. Pssm-ID: 176060 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 126 Bit Score: 40.04 E-value: 1.00e-03
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| PLDc | pfam00614 | Phospholipase D Active site motif; Phosphatidylcholine-hydrolysing phospholipase D (PLD) ... |
366-399 | 1.77e-03 | ||||||||||||
Phospholipase D Active site motif; Phosphatidylcholine-hydrolysing phospholipase D (PLD) isoforms are activated by ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs). PLD produces phosphatidic acid from phosphatidylcholine, which may be essential for the formation of certain types of transport vesicles or may be constitutive vesicular transport to signal transduction pathways. PC-hydrolysing PLD is a homolog of cardiolipin synthase, phosphatidylserine synthase, bacterial PLDs, and viral proteins. Each of these appears to possess a domain duplication which is apparent by the presence of two motifs containing well-conserved histidine, lysine, and/or asparagine residues which may contribute to the active site. aspartic acid. An E. coli endonuclease (nuc) and similar proteins appear to be PLD homologs but possess only one of these motifs. The profile contained here represents only the putative active site regions, since an accurate multiple alignment of the repeat units has not been achieved. Pssm-ID: 395489 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 28 Bit Score: 36.63 E-value: 1.77e-03
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| C2_E3_ubiquitin_ligase | cd04021 | C2 domain present in E3 ubiquitin ligase; E3 ubiquitin ligase is part of the ubiquitylation ... |
79-132 | 2.19e-03 | ||||||||||||
C2 domain present in E3 ubiquitin ligase; E3 ubiquitin ligase is part of the ubiquitylation mechanism responsible for controlling surface expression of membrane proteins. The sequential action of several enzymes are involved: ubiquitin-activating enzyme E1, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2, and ubiquitin-protein ligase E3 which is responsible for substrate recognition and promoting the transfer of ubiquitin to the target protein. E3 ubiquitin ligase is composed of an N-terminal C2 domain, 4 WW domains, and a HECTc domain. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. Pssm-ID: 175988 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 125 Bit Score: 38.80 E-value: 2.19e-03
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| PLDc_unchar1_1 | cd09127 | Putative catalytic domain, repeat 1, of uncharacterized phospholipase D-like proteins; ... |
707-737 | 2.87e-03 | ||||||||||||
Putative catalytic domain, repeat 1, of uncharacterized phospholipase D-like proteins; Putative catalytic domain, repeat 1, of uncharacterized phospholipase D (PLD, EC 3.1.4.4)-like proteins. PLD enzymes hydrolyze phospholipid phosphodiester bonds to yield phosphatidic acid and a free polar head group. They can also catalyze transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols. Members of this subfamily contain two HKD motifs (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue) that characterizes the PLD superfamily. The two motifs may be part of the active site and may be involved in phosphatidyl group transfer. Pssm-ID: 197225 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 141 Bit Score: 38.78 E-value: 2.87e-03
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| C2_Smurf-like | cd08382 | C2 domain present in Smad ubiquitination-related factor (Smurf)-like proteins; A single C2 ... |
87-142 | 6.20e-03 | ||||||||||||
C2 domain present in Smad ubiquitination-related factor (Smurf)-like proteins; A single C2 domain is found in Smurf proteins, C2-WW-HECT-domain E3s, which play an important role in the downregulation of the TGF-beta signaling pathway. Smurf proteins also regulate cell shape, motility, and polarity by degrading small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases). C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. Members here have type-II topology. Pssm-ID: 176028 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 123 Bit Score: 37.67 E-value: 6.20e-03
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| C2B_Munc13 | cd04027 | C2 domain second repeat in Munc13 (mammalian uncoordinated) proteins; C2-like domains are ... |
85-136 | 8.00e-03 | ||||||||||||
C2 domain second repeat in Munc13 (mammalian uncoordinated) proteins; C2-like domains are thought to be involved in phospholipid binding in a Ca2+ independent manner in both Unc13 and Munc13. Caenorabditis elegans Unc13 has a central domain with sequence similarity to PKC, which includes C1 and C2-related domains. Unc13 binds phorbol esters and DAG with high affinity in a phospholipid manner. Mutations in Unc13 results in abnormal neuronal connections and impairment in cholinergic neurotransmission in the nematode. Munc13 is the mammalian homolog which are expressed in the brain. There are 3 isoforms (Munc13-1, -2, -3) and are thought to play a role in neurotransmitter release and are hypothesized to be high-affinity receptors for phorbol esters. Unc13 and Munc13 contain both C1 and C2 domains. There are two C2 related domains present, one central and one at the carboxyl end. Munc13-1 contains a third C2-like domain. Munc13 interacts with syntaxin, synaptobrevin, and synaptotagmin suggesting a role for these as scaffolding proteins. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a type-II topology. Pssm-ID: 175993 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 127 Bit Score: 37.55 E-value: 8.00e-03
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| C2B_Synaptotagmin | cd00276 | C2 domain second repeat present in Synaptotagmin; Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking ... |
48-151 | 8.74e-03 | ||||||||||||
C2 domain second repeat present in Synaptotagmin; Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. There are several classes of Synaptotagmins. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology. Pssm-ID: 175975 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 134 Bit Score: 37.18 E-value: 8.74e-03
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