FGF domain, beta-trefoil fold, found in acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) superfamily; The FGF superfamily includes FGF1-23 and similar proteins. FGFs are mitogens, which stimulate growth or differentiation of cells of mesodermal or neuroectodermal origin. They play essential roles in patterning and differentiation during vertebrate embryogenesis and have neurotrophic activities. FGFs have a high affinity for heparan sulfate proteoglycans and require heparan sulfate to activate one of four cell surface FGF receptors. Upon binding to FGF, the receptors dimerize, and their intracellular tyrosine kinase domains become active. The structure of FGFs is typical of the beta-trefoil fold, which is characterized by 12 beta strands folded into three similar trefoil subdomains (alpha, beta, and gamma) associated to give an overall structure with pseudo-3-fold symmetry.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 15055549  87 RTGSLYCRVGIGFHLQIYPDGKVNGSHEANMLS 119
Cdd:cd23317   1 RTGRLYCRVGIGFHLQIHPDGRVNGSHEANLLS 33

FGF domain, beta-trefoil fold, found in fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5) and similar proteins; FGF5, also called heparin-binding growth factor 5 (HBGF5), or Smag-82, plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation and cell differentiation. It is required for normal regulation of the hair growth cycle. It functions as an inhibitor of hair elongation by promoting progression from anagen, the growth phase of the hair follicle, into catagen the apoptosis-induced regression phase. FGF5 interacts with fibroblast growth factor receptors, FGFR1 and FGFR2. Affinity between FGFs and their receptors is increased by heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans that function as coreceptors. FGF-5 contains a FGF domain with beta-trefoil fold, which is characterized by 12 beta strands folded into three similar trefoil subdomains (alpha, beta, and gamma) associated to give an overall structure with pseudo-3-fold symmetry.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 15055549  87 RTGSLYCRVGIGFHLQIYPDGKVNGSHEANMLS 119
Cdd:cd23317   1 RTGRLYCRVGIGFHLQIHPDGRVNGSHEANLLS 33

Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor family; Mitogens that stimulate growth or differentiation of cells of mesodermal or neuroectodermal origin. The family play essential roles in patterning and differentiation during vertebrate embryogenesis, and have neurotrophic activities.

                           10        20        30
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 15055549     85 GRRTGSLYCRVGigFHLQIYPDGKVNGSHEAN 116
Cdd:smart00442   1 TKRLRQLYCRNG--QHLQILPDGTVDGTRDES 30

FGF domain, beta-trefoil fold, found in fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5) and similar proteins; FGF5, also called heparin-binding growth factor 5 (HBGF5), or Smag-82, plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation and cell differentiation. It is required for normal regulation of the hair growth cycle. It functions as an inhibitor of hair elongation by promoting progression from anagen, the growth phase of the hair follicle, into catagen the apoptosis-induced regression phase. FGF5 interacts with fibroblast growth factor receptors, FGFR1 and FGFR2. Affinity between FGFs and their receptors is increased by heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans that function as coreceptors. FGF-5 contains a FGF domain with beta-trefoil fold, which is characterized by 12 beta strands folded into three similar trefoil subdomains (alpha, beta, and gamma) associated to give an overall structure with pseudo-3-fold symmetry.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 15055549  87 RTGSLYCRVGIGFHLQIYPDGKVNGSHEANMLS 119
Cdd:cd23317   1 RTGRLYCRVGIGFHLQIHPDGRVNGSHEANLLS 33

FGF domain, beta-trefoil fold, found in fibroblast growth factor 6 (FGF6) and similar proteins; FGF6, also called heparin secretory-transforming protein 2 (HST-2), or HSTF-2, or heparin-binding growth factor 6 (HBGF6), plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, cell differentiation, angiogenesis, and myogenesis, and is required for normal muscle regeneration. FGF6 interacts with fibroblast growth factor receptors, FGFR1, FGFR2, and FGFR4. Affinity between fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors is increased by heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans that function as coreceptors. FGF6 contains a FGF domain with beta-trefoil fold, which is characterized by 12 beta strands folded into three similar trefoil subdomains (alpha, beta, and gamma) associated to give an overall structure with pseudo-3-fold symmetry.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 15055549  87 RTGSLYCRVGIGFHLQIYPDGKVNGSHEANMLS 119
Cdd:cd23318   1 RLRRLYCNVGIGFHLQILPDGRINGVHNENQYS 33

Fibroblast growth factor; Fibroblast growth factors are a family of proteins involved in growth and differentiation in a wide range of contexts. They are found in a wide range of organizms, from nematodes to humans. Most share an internal core region of high similarity, conserved residues in which are involved in binding with their receptors. On binding, they cause dimerization of their tyrosine kinase receptors leading to intracellular signalling. There are currently four known tyrosine kinase receptors for fibroblast growth factors. These receptors can each bind several different members of this family. Members of this family have a beta trefoil structure. Most have N-terminal signal peptides and are secreted. A few lack signal sequences but are secreted anyway; still others also lack the signal peptide but are found on the cell surface and within the extracellular matrix. A third group remain intracellular. They have central roles in development, regulating cell proliferation, migration and differentiation. On the other hand, they are important in tissue repair following injury in adult organizms.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 15055549    87 RTGSLYCRVGiGFHLQIYPDGKVNGSHEAN 116
Cdd:pfam00167   1 RVRRLYCRTG-GFHLQILPDGKVDGTGEDG 29

FGF domain, beta-trefoil fold, found in acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF) superfamily; The FGF superfamily includes FGF1-23 and similar proteins. FGFs are mitogens, which stimulate growth or differentiation of cells of mesodermal or neuroectodermal origin. They play essential roles in patterning and differentiation during vertebrate embryogenesis and have neurotrophic activities. FGFs have a high affinity for heparan sulfate proteoglycans and require heparan sulfate to activate one of four cell surface FGF receptors. Upon binding to FGF, the receptors dimerize, and their intracellular tyrosine kinase domains become active. The structure of FGFs is typical of the beta-trefoil fold, which is characterized by 12 beta strands folded into three similar trefoil subdomains (alpha, beta, and gamma) associated to give an overall structure with pseudo-3-fold symmetry.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 15055549  87 RTGSLYCRVGigFHLQIYPDGKVNGSHEAN 116
Cdd:cd00058   1 RLVRLYSRTG--YFLQILPDGTVNGTKDEN 28

FGF domain, beta-trefoil fold, found in the fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9)-like family; The FGF9-like family includes FGF9, FGF16, and FGF20. FGF9, also called glia-activating factor (GAF), or heparin-binding growth factor 9 (HBGF-9), plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and cell migration. It acts as a heparin-binding glia-activating factor that may have a role in glial cell growth and differentiation during development, gliosis during repair and regeneration of brain tissue after damage, differentiation and survival of neuronal cells, and growth stimulation of glial tumors. FGF9 interacts with fibroblast growth factor receptors, FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, and FGFR4. FGF16 plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. It is required for normal cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart development. FGF16 interacts with FGFR1 and FGFR2. FGF20 acts as a neurotrophic factor that regulates central nervous development and function. It interacts with FGFR2 and FGFR4. Affinity between fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors is increased by heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans that function as coreceptors. Members in this family contain a FGF domain with beta-trefoil fold, which is characterized by 12 beta strands folded into three similar trefoil subdomains (alpha, beta, and gamma) associated to give an overall structure with pseudo-3-fold symmetry.

                        10        20
                ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 15055549  87 RTGSLYCRVGigFHLQIYPDGKVNGSHE 114
Cdd:cd23308   1 RRRQLYCRTG--FHLEILPNGTVQGTRQ 26