PHD finger found in integrator complex subunit 12 (Int12) and similar proteins; Int12, also termed IntS12, or PHD finger protein 22, is a component of integrator, a multi-protein mediator of small nuclear RNA processing. The integrator complex directly interacts with the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) largest subunit and mediates the 3' end processing of small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) U1 and U2. Different from other components of integrator, Int12 contains a PHD finger, which is not required for snRNA 3' end cleavage. Instead, Int12 harbors a small microdomain at its N-terminus which is necessary and sufficient for Int12 function; this microdomain facilitates Int12 binding to Int1 and promotes snRNA 3' end formation.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 21313674 160 ACVVCRQMTVASGNQLVECQECHNLYHQDCHKPQVTDKEVNDPRLVWYCARC 211
Cdd:cd15501   1 SCVVCKQMDVTSGNQLVECQECHNLYHQECHKPPVTDKDVNDPRLVWYCSRC 52

PHD finger found in integrator complex subunit 12 (Int12) and similar proteins; Int12, also termed IntS12, or PHD finger protein 22, is a component of integrator, a multi-protein mediator of small nuclear RNA processing. The integrator complex directly interacts with the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) largest subunit and mediates the 3' end processing of small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) U1 and U2. Different from other components of integrator, Int12 contains a PHD finger, which is not required for snRNA 3' end cleavage. Instead, Int12 harbors a small microdomain at its N-terminus which is necessary and sufficient for Int12 function; this microdomain facilitates Int12 binding to Int1 and promotes snRNA 3' end formation.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 21313674 160 ACVVCRQMTVASGNQLVECQECHNLYHQDCHKPQVTDKEVNDPRLVWYCARC 211
Cdd:cd15501   1 SCVVCKQMDVTSGNQLVECQECHNLYHQECHKPPVTDKDVNDPRLVWYCSRC 52

PHD zinc finger; The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger is a C4HC3 zinc-finger-like motif found in nuclear proteins thought to be involved in epigenetics and chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. The PHD finger binds two zinc ions using the so-called 'cross-brace' motif and is thus structurally related to the RING finger and the FYVE finger. It is not yet known if PHD fingers have a common molecular function. Several reports suggest that it can function as a protein-protein interacton domain and it was recently demonstrated that the PHD finger of p300 can cooperate with the adjacent BROMO domain in nucleosome binding in vitro. Other reports suggesting that the PHD finger is a ubiquitin ligase have been refuted as these domains were RING fingers misidentified as PHD fingers.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 21313674    161 CVVCRQMTvaSGNQLVECQECHNLYHQDCHKPqvtDKEVNDPRLVWYCARC 211
Cdd:smart00249   2 CSVCGKPD--DGGELLQCDGCDRWYHQTCLGP---PLLEEEPDGKWYCPKC 47

PHD finger found in integrator complex subunit 12 (Int12) and similar proteins; Int12, also termed IntS12, or PHD finger protein 22, is a component of integrator, a multi-protein mediator of small nuclear RNA processing. The integrator complex directly interacts with the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) largest subunit and mediates the 3' end processing of small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) U1 and U2. Different from other components of integrator, Int12 contains a PHD finger, which is not required for snRNA 3' end cleavage. Instead, Int12 harbors a small microdomain at its N-terminus which is necessary and sufficient for Int12 function; this microdomain facilitates Int12 binding to Int1 and promotes snRNA 3' end formation.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 21313674 160 ACVVCRQMTVASGNQLVECQECHNLYHQDCHKPQVTDKEVNDPRLVWYCARC 211
Cdd:cd15501   1 SCVVCKQMDVTSGNQLVECQECHNLYHQECHKPPVTDKDVNDPRLVWYCSRC 52

PHD finger 1 found in PHD finger protein1 (PHF1); PHF1, also termed polycomb-like protein 1 (PCL1), together with JARID2 and AEBP2, associates with the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which is the major H3K27 methyltransferase that regulates pluripotency, differentiation, and tumorigenesis through catalysis of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) on chromatin. PHF1 is essential in epigenetic regulation and genome maintenance. It acts as a dual reader of Lysine trimethylation at Lysine 36 of Histone H3 and Lysine 27 of Histone variant H3t. PHF1 consists of an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two PHD fingers, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain. Its Tudor domain selectively binds to histone H3K36me3. Moreover, PHF1 is required for efficient H3K27me3 and Hox gene silencing. It can mediate deposition of the repressive H3K27me3 mark and acts as a cofactor in early DNA-damage response. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 21313674 161 CVVCRQMTVASGNQLVECQECHNLYHQDCHKPQVTDkEVNDPRLVWYCARC 211
Cdd:cd15500   2 CCVCDSETVSPKNPLVNCEKCHHAYHQECHVPRVPL-ESAGDGDSWMCRQC 51

PHD zinc finger; The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger is a C4HC3 zinc-finger-like motif found in nuclear proteins thought to be involved in epigenetics and chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. The PHD finger binds two zinc ions using the so-called 'cross-brace' motif and is thus structurally related to the RING finger and the FYVE finger. It is not yet known if PHD fingers have a common molecular function. Several reports suggest that it can function as a protein-protein interacton domain and it was recently demonstrated that the PHD finger of p300 can cooperate with the adjacent BROMO domain in nucleosome binding in vitro. Other reports suggesting that the PHD finger is a ubiquitin ligase have been refuted as these domains were RING fingers misidentified as PHD fingers.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 21313674    161 CVVCRQMTvaSGNQLVECQECHNLYHQDCHKPqvtDKEVNDPRLVWYCARC 211
Cdd:smart00249   2 CSVCGKPD--DGGELLQCDGCDRWYHQTCLGP---PLLEEEPDGKWYCPKC 47

PHD finger 1 found in polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-associated polycomb-like (PCL) family proteins MTF2, PHF19, and similar proteins; The family includes two PCL family proteins, metal-response element-binding transcription factor 2 (MTF2/PCL2) and PHF19/PCL3, which are homologs of PHD finger protein1 (PHF1). PCL family proteins are accessory components of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) core complex and all contain an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two PHD fingers, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain. They specifically recognize tri-methylated H3K36 (H3K36me3) through their N-terminal Tudor domains. The interaction between their Tudor domains and H3K36me3 is critical for both the targeting and spreading of PRC2 into active chromatin regions and for the maintenance of optimal repression of poised developmental genes where PCL proteins, H3K36me3, and H3K27me3 coexist. Moreover, unlike other PHD finger-containing proteins, the first PHD fingers of PCL proteins do not display histone H3K4 binding affinity and they do not affect the Tudor domain binding to histones. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 21313674 161 CVVCRQMTVASGNQLVECQECHNLYHQDCHKPQVT--DKEVNDPrlvWYCARC 211
Cdd:cd15499   2 CSICGGAEARDGNEILICDKCDKGYHQLCHSPKVRtsPLEGDEK---WFCSRC 51

PHD finger 1 found in PHD finger protein 19 (PHF19); PHF19, also termed Polycomb-like protein 3 (PCL3), is a component of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which is the major H3K27 methyltransferase that regulates pluripotency, differentiation, and tumorigenesis through catalysis of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) on chromatin. PHF19 consists of an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two PHD fingers, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain. It binds trimethylated histone H3 Lys36 (H3K36me3) through its Tudor domain and recruits the PRC2 complex and the H3K36me3 demethylase NO66 to embryonic stem cell genes during differentiation. Moreover, PHF19 and its upstream regulator, Akt, play roles in the phenotype switch of melanoma cells from proliferative to invasive states. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 21313674 161 CVVCRQMTVASGNQLVECQECHNLYHQDCHKPqVTDKEVNDPRLVWYCARC 211
Cdd:cd15579   2 CNVCLGKSSGPLNEILICGKCGLGYHQQCHIP-VVDSSDDPPLTPWFCRRC 51

PHD finger found in the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 (TIF1) family and similar proteins; The TIF1 family of transcriptional cofactors includes TIF1alpha (TRIM24), TIF1beta (TRIM28), TIF1gamma (TRIM33), and TIF1delta (TRIM66), which are characterized by an N-terminal RING-finger B-box coiled-coil (RBCC/TRIM) motif and plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a bromodomain in the C-terminal region. TIF1 proteins couple chromatin modifications to transcriptional regulation, signaling, and tumor suppression. They exert a deacetylase-dependent silencing effect when tethered to a promoter region. TIF1alpha, TIF1beta, and TIF1delta can homodimerize and contain a PXVXL motif necessary and sufficient for heterochromatin protein 1(HP1) binding. TIF1alpha and TIF1beta bind nuclear receptors and Kruppel-associated boxes (KRAB) specifically and respectively. In contrast, TIF1delta appears to lack nuclear receptor- and KRAB-binding activity. Moreover, TIF1delta is specifically involved in heterochromatin-mediated gene silencing during postmeiotic phases of spermatogenesis. TIF1gamma is structurally closely related to TIF1alpha and TIF1beta, but has very little functional features in common with them. It does not interact with the KRAB silencing domain of KOX1 or the heterochromatinic proteins HP1alpha, beta, and gamma. It cannot bind to nuclear receptors (NRs). This family also includes Sp100/Sp140 family proteins, the nuclear body SP100 and SP140. Sp110 is a leukocyte-specific component of the nuclear body. It may function as a nuclear hormone receptor transcriptional coactivator that may play a role in inducing differentiation of myeloid cells. It is also involved in resisting intracellular pathogens and functions as an important drug target for preventing intracellular pathogen diseases, such as tuberculosis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, and intracellular cancers. SP140 is an interferon inducible nuclear leukocyte-specific protein involved in primary biliary cirrhosis and a risk factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It is also implicated in innate immune response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by binding to the virus viral infectivity factor (Vif) protein. Both Sp110 and Sp140 contain a SAND domain, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, and a bromodomain (BRD).

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 21313674 161 CVVCRqmtvaSGNQLVECQECHNLYHQDCHKPQVTDKEVNDprlvWYCARC 211
Cdd:cd15541   2 CAVCQ-----NGGELLCCDKCPRVFHLDCHIPPIPEFPSGE----WSCSLC 43

PHD finger 1 found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae SANT domain-containing protein 2 (Snt2p) and similar proteins; Snt2p is a yeast protein that may function in multiple stress pathways. It coordinates the transcriptional response to hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidative stress through interaction with Ecm5 and the Rpd3 deacetylase. Snt2p contains a bromo adjacent homology (BAH) domain, two canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, and a SANT (SWI3, ADA2, N-CoR and TFIIIB) DNA-binding domain; this model corresponds to the first canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 21313674 161 CVVCRQMtvASGNQLVECQECHNLYHQDCHKPQVTDKEVNDprLVWYCARC 211
Cdd:cd15497   2 CKVCKEW--CASDDSVRCDECKVSYHLLCVDPPLTKKPNRG--FVWSCAPC 48

PHD finger found in BRPF proteins, Jade proteins, protein AF-10, AF-17, and similar proteins; The family includes BRPF proteins, Jade proteins, protein AF-10 and AF-17. BRPF proteins are scaffold proteins that form monocytic leukemic zinc-finger protein (MOZ)/MOZ-related factor (MORF) H3 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes with other regulatory subunits, such as inhibitor of growth 5 (ING5) and Esa1-associated factor 6 ortholog (EAF6). BRPF proteins have multiple domains, including a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, a bromodomain and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain. PHD and ePHD fingers both bind to lysine 4 of histone H3 (K4H3), bromodomains interact with acetylated lysines on N-terminal tails of histones and other proteins, and PWWP domains show histone-binding and chromatin association properties. Jade proteins are required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) HBO1 and EAF6, to form a HBO1 complex that has a histone H4-specific acetyltransferase activity, a reduced activity toward histone H3, and is responsible for the bulk of histone H4 acetylation in vivo. AF-10, also termed ALL1 (acute lymphoblastic leukemia)-fused gene from chromosome 10 protein, is a transcription factor that has been implicated in the development of leukemia following chromosomal rearrangements between the AF10 gene and one of at least two other genes, MLL and CALM. AF-17, also termed ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 17 protein, is a putative transcription factor that may play a role in multiple signaling pathways. All Jade proteins, AF-10, and AF-17 contain a canonical PHD finger followed by a non-canonical ePHD finger. This model corresponds to the canonical PHD finger.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 21313674 160 ACVVCRQMTVASGNQLVECQECHNLYHQDCH-KPQVtdkevndPRLVWYCARC 211
Cdd:cd15492   1 VCDVCLDGESEDDNEIVFCDGCNVAVHQSCYgIPLI-------PEGDWFCRKC 46

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) superfamily; The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains. It contains the motif HX12CX2CXnCX2CX4HX2CX7C, where C and H are cysteine and histidine, respectively; X represents other residues; and n is either 13 or 14. C1 has a globular fold with two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites. It was originally discovered as lipid-binding modules in protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. C1 domains that bind and respond to phorbol esters (PE) and diacylglycerol (DAG) are referred to as typical, and those that do not respond to PE and DAG are deemed atypical. A C1 domain may also be referred to as PKC or non-PKC C1, based on the parent protein's activity. Most C1 domain-containing non-PKC proteins act as lipid kinases and scaffolds, except PKD which acts as a protein kinase. PKC C1 domains play roles in membrane translocation and activation of the enzyme.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 21313674 161 CVVCRQMTVASGNQLVECQECHNLYHQDCHK 191
Cdd:cd00029  14 CDVCGKLIWGLFKQGLKCSDCGLVCHKKCLD 44

PHD finger found in bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain protein 2A (BAZ2A) and 2B (BAZ2B); BAZ2A, also termed transcription termination factor I-interacting protein 5 (TTF-I-interacting protein 5, or Tip5), or WALp3, is an epigenetic regulator. It has been implicated in epigenetic rRNA gene silencing, as the large subunit of the SNF2h-containing chromatin-remodeling complex NoRC that induces nucleosome sliding in an ATP- and histone H4 tail-dependent fashion. BAZ2A has also been shown to be broadly overexpressed in prostate cancer, to regulate numerous protein-coding genes and to cooperate with EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) to maintain epigenetic silencing at genes repressed in prostate cancer metastasis. Its overexpression is tightly associated with a prostate cancer subtype displaying CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) in tumors and with prostate cancer recurrence in patients. BAZ2B, also termed WALp4, is a bromodomain-containing protein whose biological role is still elusive. It shows high sequence similarly with BAZ2A. Both BAZ2A and BAZ2B contain a TAM (TIP5/ARBP/MBD) domain, a DDT domain, four AT-hooks, BAZ 1 and BAZ 2 motifs, a WAKZ (WSTF/Acf1/KIAA0314/ZK783.4) motif, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, and a bromodomain. BAZ2B also harbors an extra Apolipophorin-III like domain in its N-terminal region.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 21313674 161 CVVCRQMTvaSGNQLVECQECHNLYHQDCHKPQVTDKEVNDprlvWYCARC 211
Cdd:cd15545   2 CQICRSGD--NEDQLLLCDGCDRGYHTYCFKPKMTNVPEGD----WFCPEC 46

PHD finger found in Arabidopsis thaliana histone-lysine N-methyltransferase arabidopsis trithorax-like protein ATX3, ATX4, ATX5, and similar proteins; The family includes A. thaliana ATX3 (also termed protein SET domain group 14, or trithorax-homolog protein 3), ATX4 (also termed protein SET domain group 16, or trithorax-homolog protein 4) and ATX5 (also termed protein SET domain group 29, or trithorax-homolog protein 5), which belong to the histone-lysine methyltransferase family. They show distinct phylogenetic origins from the ATX1 and ATX2 family. They are multi-domain containing proteins that consist of an N-terminal PWWP domain, a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, and a C-terminal SET domain; this model corresponds to the Cys4HisCys3 canonical PHD finger.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 21313674 161 CVVCRQMTVASGNQLVECQECHNLYHQDCHKPQVTDKEVNdprlvWYCARC 211
Cdd:cd15495   2 CAVCNEGEDDDNNPLITCNRCQISVHQKCYGIREVDPDGS-----WVCRAC 47

PHD finger 3 found in PHD finger protein 14 (PHF14) and similar proteins; PHF14 is a novel nuclear transcription factor that controls the proliferation of mesenchymal cells by directly repressing platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRalpha) expression. It also acts as an epigenetic regulator and plays an important role in the development of multiple organs in mammals. PHF14 contains three canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers and a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. It can interact with histones through its PHD fingers. The model corresponds to the third PHD finger.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 21313674 161 CVVCRQmtvaSG--NQLVECQECHNLYHQDCHKPQVtdKEVNDPR-LVWYCARC 211
Cdd:cd15563   2 CCVCKQ----TGdnSQLVRCDECKLCYHFGCLDPPL--KKSPKQRgYGWVCEEC 49

PHD finger found in transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 3 (TAF3); TAF3 (also termed 140 kDa TATA box-binding protein-associated factor, TBP-associated factor 3, transcription initiation factor TFIID 140 kDa subunit (TAF140), or TAFII-140, is an integral component of TFIID) is a general initiation factor (GTF) that plays a key role in preinitiation complex (PIC) assembly through core promoter recognition. The interaction of H3K4me3 with TAF3 directs global TFIID recruitment to active genes, which regulates gene-selective functions of p53 in response to genotoxic stress. TAF3 is highly enriched in embryonic stem cells and is required for endoderm lineage differentiation and prevents premature specification of neuroectoderm and mesoderm. Moreover, TAF3, along with TRF3, forms a complex that is essential for myogenic differentiation. TAF3 contains a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger. This family also includes Drosophila melanogaster BIP2 (Bric-a-brac interacting protein 2) protein, which functions as an interacting partner of D. melanogaster p53 (Dmp53).

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 21313674 161 CVVCRQMTvaSGNQLVECQECHNLYHQDChkpqVTDKEVNDPRLVWYCARC 211
Cdd:cd15522   2 CPICKKPD--DGSPMIGCDECDDWYHWEC----VGITDEPPEEDDWFCPKC 46

Phorbol esters/diacylglycerol binding domain (C1 domain); This domain is also known as the Protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1) domain.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 21313674   161 CVVCRQMTVASGNQLVECQECHNLYHQDCHkPQVTDKEVND 201
Cdd:pfam00130  14 CDHCGEFLWGLGKQGLKCSWCKLNVHKRCH-EKVPPECGCD 53

PHD finger 2 found in histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A) and 2B (KMT2B); This family includes histone-lysine N-methyltransferase trithorax (Trx) like proteins, KMT2A (MLL1) and KMT2B (MLL2), which comprise the mammalian Trx branch of the COMPASS family, and are both essential for mammalian embryonic development. KMT2A regulates chromatin-mediated transcription through the catalysis of methylation of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4), and is frequently rearranged in acute leukemia. KMT2A functions as the catalytic subunit in the MLL1 complex. KMT2B is a second human homolog of Drosophila trithorax, located on chromosome 19 and functions as the catalytic subunit in the MLL2 complex. It plays a critical role in memory formation through mediating hippocampal H3K4 di- and trimethylation. It is also required for RNA polymerase II association and protection from DNA methylation at the MagohB CpG island promoter. Both KMT2A and KMT2B contain a CxxC (x for any residue) zinc finger domain, three plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, an extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, two FY (phenylalanine tyrosine)-rich domains, and a SET (Suppressor of variegation, Enhancer of zeste, Trithorax) domain. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 21313674 160 ACVVCRQMTvasgNQLVECQECHNLYHQDCHKPQVTDKEVNDPRlVWYCARC 211
Cdd:cd15507   4 VCGRKGQAQ----KQLLECEKCQRGYHVDCLGPSYPTKPTRKKK-TWICSKC 50

PHD finger found in transcription intermediary factor 1-alpha (TIF1-alpha); TIF1-alpha, also termed tripartite motif-containing protein 24 (TRIM24), or E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM24, or RING finger protein 82, belongs to the TRIM/RBCC protein family. It interacts specifically and in a ligand-dependent manner with the ligand binding domain (LBD) of several nuclear receptors (NRs), including retinoid X (RXR), retinoic acid (RAR), vitamin D3 (VDR), estrogen (ER), and progesterone (PR) receptors. It also associates with heterochromatin-associated factors HP1alpha, MOD1 (HP1beta) and MOD2 (HP1gamma), as well as vertebrate Kruppel-type (C2H2) zinc finger proteins that contain transcriptional silencing domain KRAB. TIF1-alpha is a ligand-dependent co-repressor of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) that interacts with multiple nuclear receptors in vitro via an LXXLL motif, and further acts as a gatekeeper of liver carcinogenesis. It also functions as an E3-ubiquitin ligase targeting p53 and is broadly associated with chromatin silencing. Moreover, it is a chromatin regulator that recognizes specific, combinatorial histone modifications through its C-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD)-Bromodomain (Bromo) region. In addition, it interacts with chromatin and estrogen receptor to activate estrogen-dependent genes associated with cellular proliferation and tumor development. TIF1-alpha contains an N-terminal RBCC (RING finger, B-box zinc-fingers, coiled-coil), a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, followed by a bromodomain in the C-terminal region.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 21313674 161 CVVCRqmtvaSGNQLVECQECHNLYHQDCHKPQVTdkevNDPRLVWYCARC 211
Cdd:cd15622   2 CAVCQ-----NGGELLCCEKCPKVFHLSCHVPTLM----NFPSGEWICTFC 43

PHD finger 3 found in Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D); KMT2D, also termed ALL1-related protein (ALR), is encoded by the gene that was named myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia 4 (MLL4), a fourth human homolog of Drosophila trithorax, located on chromosome 12. KMT2D enzymatically generates trimethylated histone H3 Lys 4 (H3K4me3). It plays an essential role in differentiating the human pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cell line NTERA-2 clone D1 (NT2/D1) stem cells by activating differentiation-specific genes, such as HOXA1-3 and NESTIN. It is also a part of activating signal cointegrator-2 (ASC-2)-containing complex (ASCOM) that contains the transcriptional coactivator nuclear receptor coactivator 6 (NCOA6), KMT2C and KMT2D. The ASCOM complex is critical for nuclear receptor (NR) activation of bile acid transporter genes and is down regulated in cholestasis. KMT2D contains the catalytic domain SET, five plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, two extended PHD (ePHD) fingers, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, a RING finger, an HMG (high-mobility group)-binding motif, and two FY-rich regions. This model corresponds to the third PHD finger.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 21313674 161 CVVCRQMTVASGNQLVECQECHNLYHQDCHKPQVTDKEVndpRLVWYCARC 211
Cdd:cd15597   3 CVVCGSFGRGSEGHLLACSQCSQCYHPYCVNSKITKVML---LKGWRCVEC 50