Chromatin-associated proteins containing the HMG domain [Chromatin structure and dynamics];

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 7662274  140 QLTTIDQSELSSQLGLSLGGGTiLPPAQSPEDRLSTTPSptsslhedgvedfrrqLPSQKTVVVEagkkqkapkkrKKKD 219
Cdd:COG5648  16 PLSLIIFHKMVFMSGIRQLHTT-LVELEKPLQQLLTKPR----------------KKTKSKRLVR-----------KKKD 67

                        90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 7662274  220 PNEPQKPVSAYALFFRDTQAAIKGQNPNATFGEVSKIVASMWDSLGEEQKQVYKRKT-------EAAKKEYLKALA---- 288
Cdd:COG5648  68 PNGPKRPLSAYFLYSAENRDEIRKENPKLTFGEVGKLLSEKWKELTDEEKEPYYKEAnsdreryQREKEEYNKKLPnkap 147

                       170       180
                ....*....|....*....|.
gi 7662274  289 ---AYKDNQECQATVETVELD 306
Cdd:COG5648 148 igpFIENEPKIRPKVEGPSPD 168

HMG (high mobility group) box;

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 7662274    223 PQKPVSAYALFFRDTQAAIKGQNPNATFGEVSKIVASMWDSLGEEQKQVYKRKTEAAKKEYLKALAAY 290
Cdd:pfam00505   1 PKRPMSAFFLFSKEQRAKLKAENPGLKNAEISKILGEKWKALSEEEKKPYEEKAEKEKARYEKEHPEY 68

Chromatin-associated proteins containing the HMG domain [Chromatin structure and dynamics];

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 7662274  140 QLTTIDQSELSSQLGLSLGGGTiLPPAQSPEDRLSTTPSptsslhedgvedfrrqLPSQKTVVVEagkkqkapkkrKKKD 219
Cdd:COG5648  16 PLSLIIFHKMVFMSGIRQLHTT-LVELEKPLQQLLTKPR----------------KKTKSKRLVR-----------KKKD 67

                        90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 7662274  220 PNEPQKPVSAYALFFRDTQAAIKGQNPNATFGEVSKIVASMWDSLGEEQKQVYKRKT-------EAAKKEYLKALA---- 288
Cdd:COG5648  68 PNGPKRPLSAYFLYSAENRDEIRKENPKLTFGEVGKLLSEKWKELTDEEKEPYYKEAnsdreryQREKEEYNKKLPnkap 147

                       170       180
                ....*....|....*....|.
gi 7662274  289 ---AYKDNQECQATVETVELD 306
Cdd:COG5648 148 igpFIENEPKIRPKVEGPSPD 168

high mobility group (HMG)-box domain superfamily; The High Mobility Group (HMG)-box is found in a variety of eukaryotic chromosomal proteins and transcription factors. HMGs bind to the minor groove of DNA and have been classified by DNA binding preferences. Two phylogenetically distinct groups of Class I proteins bind DNA in a sequence specific fashion and contain a single HMG box. One group (SOX-TCF) includes transcription factors, TCF-1, -3, -4, and also SRY and LEF-1, which bind four-way DNA junctions and duplex DNA targets. The second group (MATA) includes fungal mating type gene products MC, MATA1 and Ste11. Class II and III proteins (HMGB-UBF) bind DNA in a non-sequence specific fashion and contain two or more tandem HMG boxes. Class II members include non-histone chromosomal proteins, HMG1 and HMG2, which bind to bent or distorted DNA such as four-way DNA junctions, synthetic DNA cruciforms, kinked cisplatin-modified DNA, DNA bulges, cross-overs in supercoiled DNA, and can cause looping of linear DNA. Class III members include nucleolar and mitochondrial transcription factors, UBF and mtTF1, which bind four-way DNA junctions.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 7662274  225 KPVSAYALFFRDTQAAIKGQNPNATFGEVSKIVASMWDSLGEEQKQVYKRKTEAAKKEY 283
Cdd:cd00084   1 RPLSAYLLFSKEKRPKLKKENPDLSFTEISKLLGERWKELSEEEKQPYEEKAKEDKERY 59

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in the high mobility group protein 20 (HMG20) subfamily; The HMG20 subfamily includes HMG20A and HMG20B. HMG20A, also called HMG box-containing protein 20A, HMG domain-containing protein 1, HMG domain-containing protein HMGX1, HMGXB1, or iBRAF, is a chromatin-associated protein involved in neuronal differentiation and maturation. It is required for SNAI1-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition. HMG20A acts as an inhibitor of HMG20B. HMG20B, also called SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily E member 1-related, SMARCE1-related protein (SMARCE1R), BRCA2-associated factor 35 (BRAF35), HMG box-containing protein 20B, HMG domain-containing protein 2, HMG domain-containing protein HMGX2, Sox-like transcriptional factor, or structural DNA-binding protein BRAF35, is a DNA binding factor that acts as a repressor of erythroid differentiation. It is required for correct progression through the G2 phase of the cell cycle and entry into mitosis. It is also required for RCOR1/CoREST mediated repression of neuronal specific gene promoters. HMG20B is a core subunit of the Lys-specific demethylase 1/REST co-repressor 1 (LSD1-CoREST) histone demethylase complex. Both HMG20A and HMG20B contain one HMG-box.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 7662274  223 PQKPVSAYALFFRDTQAAIKGQNPNATFGEVSKIVASMWDSLGEEQKQVYKRKTEAAKKEYLKALAAYK 291
Cdd:cd21980   2 PKAPLTGYVRFLNERREKLRAENPDLSFPEITKILGAEWSSLSAEEKQKYLDEAEKDKERYVKELEAYQ 70

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae non-histone chromosomal proteins NHP6A, NHP6B and similar proteins; This subfamily includes Saccharomyces cerevisiae high-mobility-group proteins NHP6A and its closely related paralog NHP6B. NHP6A and NHP6B seem to be functionally redundant. They are DNA-binding proteins that induce severe bending of DNA and are required for DNA-binding by the FACT complex, a general chromatin factor that acts to reorganize nucleosomes. They augment the fidelity of transcription by RNA polymerase III independently of any role in the FACT complex. They may also play essential roles in transcriptional initiation fidelity of some but not all tRNA genes.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 7662274  219 DPNEPQKPVSAYALFFRDTQAAIKGQNPNATFGEVSKIVASMWDSLGEEQKQVYKRKTEAAKKEYLKALAAY 290
Cdd:cd01390  10 DPNAPKRGLSAYMFFSQDNREKVKEENPDATFGEVGKLLGEKWKELSEEEKAPYEEKAAKDKKRYEEEKAAY 81

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily E member 1 (SMARCE1) and similar proteins; SMARCE1, also called BRG1-associated factor 57 (BAF57), is a ubiquitously expressed protein involved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling. It is a component of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes that carry out key enzymatic activities, changing chromatin structure by altering DNA-histone contacts within a nucleosome in an ATP-dependent manner. SMARCE1 has a single HMG domain that displays non-specific DNA-binding characteristics. It also contains a kinesin-like coiled-coil (KLCC) domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 7662274  219 DPNEPQKPVSAYALFFRDTQAAIKGQNPNATFGEVSKIVASMWDSLGEEQKQVYKRKTEAAKKEYLKALAAYK 291
Cdd:cd21983   1 PPKPPEKPLMPYMRYSRKVWDQVKASNPDLKLWEIGKIIGQMWRELSDEEKQEYIEEYEAEKVEYEEQMKAYH 73

second high mobility group (HMG)-box found in the high mobility group protein B (HMGB) family; HMGB proteins are chromatin-associated nuclear proteins that act as architectural factors in nucleoprotein structures, which regulate DNA-dependent processes including transcription. In mammals, four family members are present: HMGB1, HMGB2, HMGB3 and HMGB4. They regulate the expression of a wide range of genes through architectural remodeling of the chromatin structure. HMGB1, also called high mobility group protein 1 (HMG-1), is a prototypical alarmin or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule when released from cells. It plays important roles in the regulation of a wide range of processes, including transcription, replication, DNA repair, and nucleosome formation, in the nucleus. It also plays multiple roles in regulating inflammation and responses to cell and tissue stress. HMGB2, also called high mobility group protein 2 (HMG-2), has been implicated in numerous cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and tumor growth. It acts as a chromatin-associated nonhistone protein involved in transcriptional regulation and nucleic-acid-mediated innate immune responses in mammalian. It binds DNA to stabilize nucleosomes and promote transcription. HMGB3, also called high mobility group protein 2a (HMG-2a), or high mobility group protein 4 (HMG-4), is an X-linked member of HMGB family and functions as a universal sentinel for nucleic acid-mediated innate immune responses. HMGB3 has been implicated in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation, as well as inflammatory response. HMGB4 is expressed by neuronal cells and affects the expression of genes involved in neural differentiation. It is a factor that regulates chromatin and expression of neuronal differentiation markers. The family also includes high mobility group protein B1 pseudogene 1 (HMGB1P1) and nuclear auto-antigen Sp-100. HMGB1P1, also called putative high mobility group protein B1-like 1 (HMGB1L1), or putative high mobility group protein 1-like 1 (HMG-1L1), is an HMG-box containing protein that binds preferentially single-stranded DNA and unwinds double-stranded DNA. Sp-100, also called nuclear dot-associated Sp100 protein, or speckled 100 kDa. It is a tumor suppressor that is a major constituent of the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) bodies, a subnuclear organelle involved in many physiological processes including cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Through the regulation of ETS1, Sp-100 may play a role in angiogenesis, controlling endothelial cell motility and invasion. It may also play roles in the regulation of telomeres lengthening, TP53-mediated transcription, FAS-mediated apoptosis, etc. In addition, the family includes Drosophila melanogaster high mobility group protein DSP1 (dDSP1) and similar proteins. dDSP1, also called protein dorsal switch 1, is a Drosophila HMG1 protein that binds preferentially single-stranded DNA and unwinds double-stranded DNA. It converts Dorsal and nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B from transcriptional activators to repressors. Members of the HMGB family contain two HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the second one.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 7662274  221 NEPQKPVSAYALFFRDTQAAIKGQNPNATFGEVSKIVASMWDSLGEEQKQVYKRKTEAAKKEYLKALAAYK 291
Cdd:cd21979   1 NAPKRPPSAFFLFCSEHRPKIKGEHPGLSIGDVAKKLGEMWNNTSAKDKQPYEKKAAKLKEKYEKDIAAYR 71

second high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Arabidopsis thaliana high mobility group B protein 6 (HMGB6) and similar proteins; HMGB6, also called nucleosome/chromatin assembly factor group D 06 (or D 6), WRKY transcription factor 53 (WRKY53), or WRKY DNA-binding protein 53, is a master regulator of age-induced leaf senescence. It acts in a complex transcription factor signaling network regulating senescence specific gene expression; hydrogen peroxide might be involved in signal transduction. The subfamily also includes Arabidopsis thaliana HMGB13 (also known as nucleosome/chromatin assembly factor group D 13). Both HMGB6 and HMGB13 contain three HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the second one.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 7662274  223 PQKPVSAYALFFRDTQAAIKGQNPNATFGEVSKIVASMWDSLGEEQKQVYKRKTEAAKKEYLKALAAY 290
Cdd:cd22007   1 PKRPQSAYFLYANDRRAALKEENKNVKITEIAKMLGAEWKNLSDAKKKPYEEKAKKLKEAYLQEMEEY 68

fourth high mobility group (HMG)-box found in upstream-binding factor 1 (UBF1) and similar proteins; UBF1, also called UBTF, nucleolar transcription factor 1, or auto-antigen NOR-90, is a nucleolar transcription factor that recognizes the ribosomal RNA gene promoter and activates transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I through cooperative interactions with the transcription factor SL1/TIF-IB complex. It binds specifically to the upstream control element. UBF1 contains six HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the fourth one.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 7662274  223 PQKPVSAYALFFRDTQAAIKGQNPNATFGEVSKIVASMWDSLGEEQKQVYKRKTEAAKKEYLK 285
Cdd:cd22001   3 PKRPISAMFIYSKEKRSKLKKKHPELSEQELTRLLAKKYNELPDKKKAKYKKKEALAKAEYEK 65

first high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae intrastrand cross-link recognition protein (Ixr1) and similar proteins; Ixr1, also called structure-specific recognition protein (SSRP), is a homolog of the yeast mitochondrial regulator ABF2. It binds to platinated DNA and confers sensitivity to the anticancer drug cisplatin. Ixr1 contains two HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the first one.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 7662274  223 PQKPVSAYALFFRDTQAAIKGQN-PNATFGEVSKIVASMWDSLGEEQKQVYKRKTEAAKKEYLKALAAYKDN 293
Cdd:cd22011   1 PKRPSSAYFLFSQEIRKNLKSQGsPEEKVPELSKRAAEQWRSLTLAEKQPYYDEVEVLKKQYDVEKEEYEKE 72

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in PMS1 protein homolog 1 (PMS1) and similar proteins; PMS1, also called DNA mismatch repair protein PMS1, is probably involved in the repair of mismatches in DNA.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 7662274  224 QKPVSAYALFFRDTQAAIKGQNPNATFGEVSKIVASMWDSLGEEQKQVYKRKTEaakkeylKALAAYkdNQECQATVET 302
Cdd:cd21985   3 RKPMSASALFEQETRPQFLAENPKASLQDITLKIEERWKNLSEEEKKKYEEKAA-------KDLERY--NSQKKRAAEQ 72

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in high mobility group protein 20A (HMG20A) and similar proteins; HMG20A, also called HMG box-containing protein 20A, HMG domain-containing protein 1 (HMGXB1), HMG domain-containing protein HMGX1, HMGXB1, or iBRAF, is a chromatin-associated protein involved in neuronal differentiation and maturation. It is required for SNAI1-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition. HMG20A acts as an inhibitor of HMG20B.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 7662274  219 DPNEPQKPVSAYALFFRDTQAAIKGQNPNATFGEVSKIVASMWDSLGEEQKQVYKRKTEAAKKEYLKALAAYKDNQ 294
Cdd:cd22017  17 DSNAPKAPLTGYVRFMNERREQLRAERPDVPFPEITRMLGNEWSKLPAEEKQRYLDEAEKDKERYMKELEQYQKTE 92

first high mobility group (HMG)-box found in mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFA) and similar proteins; TFA, also called TFAM, mitochondrial transcription factor 1 (TF1), transcription factor 6 (TCF-6), or transcription factor 6-like 2, binds to the mitochondrial light strand promoter and functions in mitochondrial transcription regulation. It is a component of the mitochondrial transcription initiation complex, composed of at least TFB2M, TFAM and POLRMT that is required for basal transcription of mitochondrial DNA. TFA is required for accurate and efficient promoter recognition by the mitochondrial RNA polymerase. It can unwind DNA. It bends the mitochondrial light strand promoter DNA into a U-turn shape via its HMG boxes. TFA is required for maintenance of normal levels of mitochondrial DNA and may play a role in organizing and compacting mitochondrial DNA. TFA contains two HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the first one.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 7662274  223 PQKPVSAYALFFRDTQAAIKGQNPNATFgEVSKIVASMWDSLGEEQKQVYKrktEAAKKEYLKALAAYK 291
Cdd:cd21986   1 PKRPLSPYLRFYREQLPSFPAQNPDATT-DLSKRIGERWRELPDSQKKKYQ---DAYKAEWQKYKEEIS 65

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in high mobility group protein 20B (HMG20B) and similar proteins; HMG20B, also called SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily E member 1-related, SMARCE1-related protein (SMARCE1R), BRCA2-associated factor 35 (BRAF35), HMG box-containing protein 20B, HMG domain-containing protein 2 (HMGXB2), HMG domain-containing protein HMGX2, Sox-like transcriptional factor, or structural DNA-binding protein BRAF35, is a DNA binding factor that acts as a repressor of erythroid differentiation. It is required for correct progression through the G2 phase of the cell cycle and entry into mitosis. It is also required for RCOR1/CoREST mediated repression of neuronal specific gene promoters. HMG20B is a core subunit of the Lys-specific demethylase 1/REST co-repressor 1 (LSD1-CoREST) histone demethylase complex.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 7662274  223 PQKPVSAYALFFRDTQAAIKGQNPNATFGEVSKIVASMWDSLGEEQKQVYKRKTEAAKKEYLKALAAYKDNQECQATVET 302
Cdd:cd22018   2 PKAPVTGYVRFLNERREQIRTQHPDLPFPEITKMLGAEWSKLQPHEKQRYLDEAERDKQQYMKELREYQQSEAYKMCTEK 81

                ..
gi 7662274  303 VE 304
Cdd:cd22018  82 IQ 83

first high mobility group (HMG)-box found in upstream-binding factor 1 (UBF1) and similar proteins; UBF1, also called UBTF, nucleolar transcription factor 1, or auto-antigen NOR-90, is a nucleolar transcription factor that recognizes the ribosomal RNA gene promoter and activates transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I through cooperative interactions with the transcription factor SL1/TIF-IB complex. It binds specifically to the upstream control element. UBF1 contains six HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the first one. This model also includes the first HMG-box domain of upstream-binding factor 1-like protein 1 (UBTFL1), which contains two HMG-box domains.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 7662274  220 PNEPQKPVSAYALFFRDTQAAIKGQNPNATFGEVSKIVASMWDSLGEEQKQVYKRKTEAAKKEYLKALAAYKDN 293
Cdd:cd21998   1 PDFPKKPLTPYFRFFMEKRAKYAKKHPEMSNLELTKILSKKYKELPEKKKQKYIQDYEKEKEEYEQKMARFREE 74

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae repressor ROX1 and similar proteins; This family includes class I members of the HMG-box superfamily of DNA-binding proteins, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae repressor ROX1, Schizosaccharomyces pombe mating-type M-specific polypeptide Mc (mat-Mc), Schizosaccharomyces pombe transcription factor ste11, Podospora anserina MAT+ sexual cell fertilization-promoting factor (FPR1), Podospora anserina sporulation minus regulator 2 (SMR2) and Candida albicans repressor of filamentous growth 1 (RFG1). These proteins contain a single HMG box, and bind the minor groove of DNA in a highly sequence-specific manner. ROX1, also called heme-dependent repression factor, or hypoxic function repressor, is a transcription factor that represses the expression of HEM13, COX5B, ANB1, CYC7 or AAC3. It binds to the DNA sequence 5'-RRRTAACAAGAG-3'. mat-Mc belongs to the mating type protein family, which contains sequence specific DNA-binding proteins that act as master switches in yeast differentiation by controlling gene expression in a cell type-specific fashion. mat-Mc is a positive regulator of MFM genes and is required for conjugation and efficient meiosis. Its HMG box recognizes the DNA sequence 5'-AACAAAG-3'. Ste11 is a key transcription factor for sexual development. It activates the transcription of the matp, matm, mei2, mfm, ste6 and rgs1 genes. It binds specifically to a DNA fragment carrying a 10-base motif 5'-TTCTTTGTTY-3'. FPR1 controls fertilization, probably by determining the mating type. SMR2 is a transcription factor that is required for post-fertilization events. It is required for the developmental events that occur in the female organ after fertilization. RFG1 is a transcription regulator that functions in both the positive and negative regulation of filamentous growth, depending upon environmental conditions.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 7662274  225 KPVSAYALFFRDTQAAIKGQNPNATFGEVSKIVASMWDSLGEEQKQVYKRKTEAAKKE 282
Cdd:cd01389   3 RPPNAFILFRKEKHKQLRAQNPGLTNSEISKIIGKMWKNLSEEEKEPYKELAEEEKEE 60

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae high mobility group protein 1 (HMO1) and similar proteins; HMO1, also called high spontaneous mutagenesis protein 2 (HSM2), is a DNA-binding protein that is probably part of the rDNA transcription apparatus. It acts synergetically with the RPA49 subunit of RNA polymerase I during rDNA transcription. It may participate in mutagenesis control.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 7662274  223 PQKPVSAYALFFRDTQAAIKGQNPNATFGEVSKIVASMWDSLGEEQKQVYKRKTEAAKKEYLKALAAY 290
Cdd:cd22015   1 PKKPLTPYFAFSNHVRPQLKAERPKASPTEIAEEISERWANLSDEEKQLWEDKYEEEMKEYQKALEAY 68

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe mismatch-binding protein cmb1 and similar proteins; Cmb1 binds to cytosines in base mismatches and opposite chemically altered guanines. It contains only one HMG-box domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 7662274  223 PQKPVSAYALFFRDTQaaiKGQNPNATFGEVSKIVASMWDSLGEEQKQVYKRKTEAAKKEYLKAL 287
Cdd:cd22014   1 PKRPPSPFLLFMEEFR---RNEDNGKNLVELSRIAAEAWKNMSEDEKQPYIDRAKELLEEYKKQL 62

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in WD repeat and HMG-box DNA-binding protein 1 (WDHD1) and similar proteins; WDHD1, also called acidic nucleoplasmic DNA-binding protein 1 (And-1), acts as a replication initiation factor that brings together the MCM2-7 helicase and the DNA polymerase alpha/primase complex in order to initiate DNA replication.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 7662274  222 EPQKPVSAYALFFRDTQAAIKGQNPNATFGEVSKIVASMWDSLGEEQKQVYkrkTEAAKKE 282
Cdd:cd21993   1 ENKKKKSGFQLWLEENRSSIEEENPELSEAEIIKLAMQRFRALPKEEKQKW---NEKAKGD 58

first high mobility group (HMG)-box found in the high mobility group protein B (HMGB) family; HMGB proteins are chromatin-associated nuclear proteins that act as architectural factors in nucleoprotein structures, which regulate DNA-dependent processes including transcription. In mammals, four family members are present: HMGB1, HMGB2, HMGB3 and HMGB4. They regulate the expression of a wide range of genes through architectural remodeling of the chromatin structure. HMGB1, also called high mobility group protein 1 (HMG-1), is a prototypical alarmin or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule when released from cells. It plays important roles in the regulation of a wide range of processes, including transcription, replication, DNA repair, and nucleosome formation, in the nucleus. It also plays multiple roles in regulating inflammation and responses to cell and tissue stress. HMGB2, also called high mobility group protein 2 (HMG-2), has been implicated in numerous cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and tumor growth. It acts as a chromatin-associated nonhistone protein involved in transcriptional regulation and nucleic-acid-mediated innate immune responses in mammalian cells. It binds DNA to stabilize nucleosomes and promote transcription. HMGB3, also called high mobility group protein 2a (HMG-2a), or high mobility group protein 4 (HMG-4), is an X-linked member of the HMGB family that functions as a universal sentinel for nucleic acid-mediated innate immune responses. HMGB3 has been implicated in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation, as well as inflammatory responses. HMGB4 is expressed by neuronal cells and affects the expression of genes involved in neural differentiation. It is a factor that regulates chromatin and expression of neuronal differentiation markers. This family also includes high mobility group protein B1 pseudogene 1 (HMGB1P1) and nuclear auto-antigen Sp-100. HMGB1P1, also called putative high mobility group protein B1-like 1 (HMGB1L1), or putative high mobility group protein 1-like 1 (HMG-1L1), is an HMG-box containing protein that binds preferentially single-stranded DNA and unwinds double-stranded DNA. Sp-100, also called nuclear dot-associated Sp100 protein, or speckled 100 kDa, is a tumor suppressor that is a major constituent of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) bodies, a subnuclear organelle involved in many physiological processes including cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Through the regulation of ETS1, Sp-100 may play a role in angiogenesis, controlling endothelial cell motility and invasion. It may also play roles in the regulation of telomere lengthening, TP53-mediated transcription, FAS-mediated apoptosis, etc. In addition, the family includes Drosophila melanogaster high mobility group protein DSP1 (dDSP1) and similar proteins. dDSP1, also called protein dorsal switch 1, binds preferentially to single-stranded DNA and unwinds double-stranded DNA. It converts Dorsal and nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B from transcriptional activators to repressors. Members of the HMGB family contain two HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the first one.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 7662274  223 PQKPVSAYALFFRDTQAAIKGQNPNAT--FGEVSKIVASMWDSLGEEQKQVYKRKTEAAKKEYLKALA 288
Cdd:cd21978   2 PRGKMSSYAFFVQTCREEHKKKHPNESvnFSEFSKKCSERWKTMSAKEKKKFEDMAKKDKARYEREMK 69

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in HMG box-containing protein 2 (HBP2) and similar proteins; HBP2, also called HMG box transcription factor BBX, or Bobby sox homolog, is a transcription factor that is necessary for cell cycle progression from the G1 to S phase.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 7662274  224 QKPVSAYALFFRDTQAAIKGQNPNATFGEVSKIVASMWDSLGEEQKQVYKRKTEAAKKEYLKALAAYK 291
Cdd:cd21989   1 RRPMNAFLLFCKRHRSLVRERHPRLDNRGITKILGDWWAVLDPDEKQKYTDLAKQYKEAFMKANPNFK 68

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box (SOX) family transcription factors; The SOX gene family of transcription factors are characterized by the evolutionarily conserved SRY-type HMG box, which is a DNA binding domain that binds the minor groove of DNA on a common consensus site, (A/T)(A/T)CAA(A/T)G but with different levels of efficiency. Members include SRY and its homologs identified in mammals that can be subdivided into 8 groups (A, B1, B2, C, D, E, F, G, H). They are involved in embryonic development, regulating processes such as cell differentiation, maintenance of stemness, sex determination, and development of the central nervous, haematopoietic and other organ systems. The SOX gene family has a crucial role in carcinogenesis and cancer progression.

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gi 7662274  226 PVSAYALFFRDTQAAIKGQNPNATFGEVSKIVASMWDSLGEEQKQVYKRKTEAAKKEYLKALAAYK 291
Cdd:cd22004   5 PMNAFMVWSQQERKKIAKQNPKLHNSEISKILGKEWKKLTEEEKRPYVEEAERLREEHKKEYPDYK 70

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in group A, group B and group G of SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors; This subfamily includes SoxA, SoxB, and SoxG proteins. SRY is the only member of group A SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors. SRY, also called testis-determining factor, is a transcriptional regulator that controls a genetic switch in male development. It promotes DNA bending and is also involved in pre-mRNA splicing. The SRY HMG box recognizes DNA by partial intercalation in the minor groove. It binds to the DNA consensus sequence 5'-[AT]AACAA[AT]-3'. SoxB transcription factors play critical roles in the regulation of neurogenesis. They can be divided into two main subgroups, SoxB1 (Sox-1/Sox-2/Sox-3) and SoxB2 (SOX-14/SOX-21). SoxB1 proteins suppress neurogenesis by maintaining neural cells in an undifferentiated state. SoxB2 proteins may have the opposite activity and promote neuronal differentiation. SOX-5 is the only member of group G Sox transcription factors. It is also called SOX-12, SOX-20, SOX-26, or SOX-27. SOX-5 is a crucial transcription factor involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in cell fate determination. It binds to the 5'-AACAAT-3' sequence. SOX-15 can be a tumor suppressor in multiple cancer types.

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gi 7662274  224 QKPVSAYALFFRDTQAAIKGQNPNATFGEVSKIVASMWDSLGEEQKQVY----KRKTEAAKKEY 283
Cdd:cd22028   3 KRPMNAFMVWSREQRRKIAQENPKMHNSEISKRLGAEWKQLSEDEKRPFideaKRLRAQHMKEH 66

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 30 (SOX30) and similar proteins; SOX-30 is a crucial transcription factor that controls the transition from a late meiotic to a post-meiotic gene expression program and subsequent round spermatid development. It specially prevents Wnt-signaling to suppress metastasis. SOX-30 binds to the DNA sequence 5'-ACAAT-3' and shows a preference for guanine residues surrounding this core motif. SOX-30 is the only member of the group H of SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors.

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gi 7662274  224 QKPVSAYALFFRDTQAAIKGQNPNATFGEVSKIVASMWDSLGEEQKQVY 272
Cdd:cd22033   3 KRPMNAFMVWARIHRPALAKANPNANNADISVQLGEEWNKLTEEQKKPY 51