sphingolipid delta(4)-desaturase DES1 isoform 2 [Homo sapiens]
Protein Classification
sphingolipid delta(4)-desaturase family protein( domain architecture ID 10554096)
sphingolipid delta(4)-desaturase family protein such as sphingolipid delta(4)-desaturase (also called dihydroceramide desaturase) which generates a trans double bond at position 4 of sphinganine bases in sphingolipids
List of domain hits
| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | |||||
| Delta4-sphingolipid-FADS-like | cd03508 | The Delta4-sphingolipid Fatty Acid Desaturase (Delta4-sphingolipid-FADS)-like CD includes the ... |
26-275 | 1.13e-148 | |||||
The Delta4-sphingolipid Fatty Acid Desaturase (Delta4-sphingolipid-FADS)-like CD includes the integral-membrane enzymes, dihydroceramide Delta-4 desaturase, involved in the synthesis of sphingosine; and the human membrane fatty acid (lipid) desaturase (MLD), reported to modulate biosynthesis of the epidermal growth factor receptor; and other related proteins. These proteins are found in various eukaryotes including vertebrates, higher plants, and fungi. Studies show that MLD is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. As with other members of this superfamily, this domain family has extensive hydrophobic regions that would be capable of spanning the membrane bilayer at least twice. Comparison of sequences also reveals the existence of three regions of conserved histidine cluster motifs that contain eight histidine residues: HXXXH, HXXHH, and HXXHH. These histidine residues are reported to be catalytically essential and proposed to be the ligands for the iron atoms contained within the homolog, stearoyl CoA desaturase. : Pssm-ID: 239585 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 289 Bit Score: 417.82 E-value: 1.13e-148
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| Lipid_DES | pfam08557 | Sphingolipid Delta4-desaturase (DES); Sphingolipids are important membrane signalling ... |
6-42 | 3.86e-20 | |||||
Sphingolipid Delta4-desaturase (DES); Sphingolipids are important membrane signalling molecules involved in many different cellular functions in eukaryotes. Sphingolipid delta 4-desaturase catalyzes the formation of (E)-sphing-4-enine. Some proteins in this family have bifunctional delta 4-desaturase/C-4-hydroxylase activity. Delta 4-desaturated sphingolipids may play a role in early signalling required for entry into meiotic and spermatid differentiation pathways during Drosophila spermatogenesis. This small domain associates with FA_desaturase pfam00487 and appears to be specific to sphingolipid delta 4-desaturase. : Pssm-ID: 462517 Cd Length: 37 Bit Score: 81.00 E-value: 3.86e-20
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| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | |||||
| Delta4-sphingolipid-FADS-like | cd03508 | The Delta4-sphingolipid Fatty Acid Desaturase (Delta4-sphingolipid-FADS)-like CD includes the ... |
26-275 | 1.13e-148 | |||||
The Delta4-sphingolipid Fatty Acid Desaturase (Delta4-sphingolipid-FADS)-like CD includes the integral-membrane enzymes, dihydroceramide Delta-4 desaturase, involved in the synthesis of sphingosine; and the human membrane fatty acid (lipid) desaturase (MLD), reported to modulate biosynthesis of the epidermal growth factor receptor; and other related proteins. These proteins are found in various eukaryotes including vertebrates, higher plants, and fungi. Studies show that MLD is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. As with other members of this superfamily, this domain family has extensive hydrophobic regions that would be capable of spanning the membrane bilayer at least twice. Comparison of sequences also reveals the existence of three regions of conserved histidine cluster motifs that contain eight histidine residues: HXXXH, HXXHH, and HXXHH. These histidine residues are reported to be catalytically essential and proposed to be the ligands for the iron atoms contained within the homolog, stearoyl CoA desaturase. Pssm-ID: 239585 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 289 Bit Score: 417.82 E-value: 1.13e-148
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| PLN02579 | PLN02579 | sphingolipid delta-4 desaturase |
5-274 | 2.54e-136 | |||||
sphingolipid delta-4 desaturase Pssm-ID: 215316 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 323 Bit Score: 387.94 E-value: 2.54e-136
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| DesA | COG3239 | Fatty acid desaturase [Lipid transport and metabolism]; |
15-274 | 2.29e-21 | |||||
Fatty acid desaturase [Lipid transport and metabolism]; Pssm-ID: 442471 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 319 Bit Score: 91.71 E-value: 2.29e-21
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| Lipid_DES | pfam08557 | Sphingolipid Delta4-desaturase (DES); Sphingolipids are important membrane signalling ... |
6-42 | 3.86e-20 | |||||
Sphingolipid Delta4-desaturase (DES); Sphingolipids are important membrane signalling molecules involved in many different cellular functions in eukaryotes. Sphingolipid delta 4-desaturase catalyzes the formation of (E)-sphing-4-enine. Some proteins in this family have bifunctional delta 4-desaturase/C-4-hydroxylase activity. Delta 4-desaturated sphingolipids may play a role in early signalling required for entry into meiotic and spermatid differentiation pathways during Drosophila spermatogenesis. This small domain associates with FA_desaturase pfam00487 and appears to be specific to sphingolipid delta 4-desaturase. Pssm-ID: 462517 Cd Length: 37 Bit Score: 81.00 E-value: 3.86e-20
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| FA_desaturase | pfam00487 | Fatty acid desaturase; Fatty acid desaturases are enzymes that catalyze the insertion of a ... |
68-269 | 1.10e-14 | |||||
Fatty acid desaturase; Fatty acid desaturases are enzymes that catalyze the insertion of a double bond at the delta position of fatty acids. There seem to be two distinct families of fatty acid desaturases which do not seem to be evolutionary related: Family 1 composed of Stearoyl-CoA desaturases (SCD) and Family 2 composed of Bacterial fatty acid desaturases, Plant stearoyl-acyl-carrier-protein desaturase and Cyanobacterial DesA. Members of this entry are ER integral membrane proteins that share the same mushroom-shaped fold consisting of four transmembrane helices (TM1-TM4) which anchor them to the membrane, capped by a cytosolic domain containing a unique 9-10 histidine- coordinating di metal (di-iron) catalytic centre. The structure of mouse stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SDC) revealed that TM2 and TM4 are longer than TM1 and TM3 and protrude into the cytosolic domain, providing three of the nine histidine residues that coordinate the two metal ions, while the other histidine residues are provided by the soluble domain in this enzyme. Pssm-ID: 425713 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 252 Bit Score: 71.99 E-value: 1.10e-14
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| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | |||||
| Delta4-sphingolipid-FADS-like | cd03508 | The Delta4-sphingolipid Fatty Acid Desaturase (Delta4-sphingolipid-FADS)-like CD includes the ... |
26-275 | 1.13e-148 | |||||
The Delta4-sphingolipid Fatty Acid Desaturase (Delta4-sphingolipid-FADS)-like CD includes the integral-membrane enzymes, dihydroceramide Delta-4 desaturase, involved in the synthesis of sphingosine; and the human membrane fatty acid (lipid) desaturase (MLD), reported to modulate biosynthesis of the epidermal growth factor receptor; and other related proteins. These proteins are found in various eukaryotes including vertebrates, higher plants, and fungi. Studies show that MLD is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. As with other members of this superfamily, this domain family has extensive hydrophobic regions that would be capable of spanning the membrane bilayer at least twice. Comparison of sequences also reveals the existence of three regions of conserved histidine cluster motifs that contain eight histidine residues: HXXXH, HXXHH, and HXXHH. These histidine residues are reported to be catalytically essential and proposed to be the ligands for the iron atoms contained within the homolog, stearoyl CoA desaturase. Pssm-ID: 239585 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 289 Bit Score: 417.82 E-value: 1.13e-148
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| PLN02579 | PLN02579 | sphingolipid delta-4 desaturase |
5-274 | 2.54e-136 | |||||
sphingolipid delta-4 desaturase Pssm-ID: 215316 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 323 Bit Score: 387.94 E-value: 2.54e-136
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| DesA | COG3239 | Fatty acid desaturase [Lipid transport and metabolism]; |
15-274 | 2.29e-21 | |||||
Fatty acid desaturase [Lipid transport and metabolism]; Pssm-ID: 442471 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 319 Bit Score: 91.71 E-value: 2.29e-21
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| Lipid_DES | pfam08557 | Sphingolipid Delta4-desaturase (DES); Sphingolipids are important membrane signalling ... |
6-42 | 3.86e-20 | |||||
Sphingolipid Delta4-desaturase (DES); Sphingolipids are important membrane signalling molecules involved in many different cellular functions in eukaryotes. Sphingolipid delta 4-desaturase catalyzes the formation of (E)-sphing-4-enine. Some proteins in this family have bifunctional delta 4-desaturase/C-4-hydroxylase activity. Delta 4-desaturated sphingolipids may play a role in early signalling required for entry into meiotic and spermatid differentiation pathways during Drosophila spermatogenesis. This small domain associates with FA_desaturase pfam00487 and appears to be specific to sphingolipid delta 4-desaturase. Pssm-ID: 462517 Cd Length: 37 Bit Score: 81.00 E-value: 3.86e-20
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| FA_desaturase | pfam00487 | Fatty acid desaturase; Fatty acid desaturases are enzymes that catalyze the insertion of a ... |
68-269 | 1.10e-14 | |||||
Fatty acid desaturase; Fatty acid desaturases are enzymes that catalyze the insertion of a double bond at the delta position of fatty acids. There seem to be two distinct families of fatty acid desaturases which do not seem to be evolutionary related: Family 1 composed of Stearoyl-CoA desaturases (SCD) and Family 2 composed of Bacterial fatty acid desaturases, Plant stearoyl-acyl-carrier-protein desaturase and Cyanobacterial DesA. Members of this entry are ER integral membrane proteins that share the same mushroom-shaped fold consisting of four transmembrane helices (TM1-TM4) which anchor them to the membrane, capped by a cytosolic domain containing a unique 9-10 histidine- coordinating di metal (di-iron) catalytic centre. The structure of mouse stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SDC) revealed that TM2 and TM4 are longer than TM1 and TM3 and protrude into the cytosolic domain, providing three of the nine histidine residues that coordinate the two metal ions, while the other histidine residues are provided by the soluble domain in this enzyme. Pssm-ID: 425713 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 252 Bit Score: 71.99 E-value: 1.10e-14
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| Membrane-FADS-like | cd01060 | The membrane fatty acid desaturase (Membrane_FADS)-like CD includes membrane FADSs, alkane ... |
68-148 | 3.67e-10 | |||||
The membrane fatty acid desaturase (Membrane_FADS)-like CD includes membrane FADSs, alkane hydroxylases, beta carotene ketolases (CrtW-like), hydroxylases (CrtR-like), and other related proteins. They are present in all groups of organisms with the exception of archaea. Membrane FADSs are non-heme, iron-containing, oxygen-dependent enzymes involved in regioselective introduction of double bonds in fatty acyl aliphatic chains. They play an important role in the maintenance of the proper structure and functioning of biological membranes. Alkane hydroxylases are bacterial, integral-membrane di-iron enzymes that share a requirement for iron and oxygen for activity similar to that of membrane FADSs, and are involved in the initial oxidation of inactivated alkanes. Beta-carotene ketolase and beta-carotene hydroxylase are carotenoid biosynthetic enzymes for astaxanthin and zeaxanthin, respectively. This superfamily domain has extensive hydrophobic regions that would be capable of spanning the membrane bilayer at least twice. Comparison of these sequences also reveals three regions of conserved histidine cluster motifs that contain eight histidine residues: HXXX(X)H, HXX(X)HH, and HXXHH (an additional conserved histidine residue is seen between clusters 2 and 3). Spectroscopic and genetic evidence point to a nitrogen-rich coordination environment located in the cytoplasm with as many as eight histidines coordinating the two iron ions and a carboxylate residue bridging the two metals in the Pseudomonas oleovorans alkane hydroxylase (AlkB). In addition, the eight histidine residues are reported to be catalytically essential and proposed to be the ligands for the iron atoms contained within the rat stearoyl CoA delta-9 desaturase. Pssm-ID: 238511 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 122 Bit Score: 56.71 E-value: 3.67e-10
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| Delta6-FADS-like | cd03506 | The Delta6 Fatty Acid Desaturase (Delta6-FADS)-like CD includes the integral-membrane enzymes: ... |
89-269 | 8.17e-04 | |||||
The Delta6 Fatty Acid Desaturase (Delta6-FADS)-like CD includes the integral-membrane enzymes: delta-4, delta-5, delta-6, delta-8, delta-8-sphingolipid, and delta-11 desaturases found in vertebrates, higher plants, fungi, and bacteria. These desaturases are required for the synthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), which are mainly esterified into phospholipids and contribute to maintaining membrane fluidity. While HUFAs may be required for cold tolerance in bacteria, plants and fish, the primary role of HUFAs in mammals is cell signaling. These enzymes are described as front-end desaturases because they introduce a double bond between the pre-exiting double bond and the carboxyl (front) end of the fatty acid. Various substrates are involved, with both acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and acyl-lipid desaturases present in this CD. Acyl-lipid desaturases are localized in the membranes of cyanobacterial thylakoid, plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and plastid; and acyl-CoA desaturases are present in ER membrane. ER-bound plant acyl-lipid desaturases and acyl-CoA desaturases require cytochrome b5 as an electron donor. Most of the eukaryotic desaturase domains have an adjacent N-terminal cytochrome b5-like domain. This domain family has extensive hydrophobic regions that would be capable of spanning the membrane bilayer at least twice. Comparison of sequences also reveals the existence of three regions of conserved histidine cluster motifs that contain the residues: HXXXH, HXX(X)HH, and Q/HXXHH. These histidine residues are reported to be catalytically essential and proposed to be the ligands for the iron atoms contained within the homolog, stearoyl CoA desaturase. Pssm-ID: 239583 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 204 Bit Score: 39.55 E-value: 8.17e-04
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| Delta12-FADS-like | cd03507 | The Delta12 Fatty Acid Desaturase (Delta12-FADS)-like CD includes the integral-membrane ... |
89-269 | 7.66e-03 | |||||
The Delta12 Fatty Acid Desaturase (Delta12-FADS)-like CD includes the integral-membrane enzymes, delta-12 acyl-lipid desaturases, oleate 12-hydroxylases, omega3 and omega6 fatty acid desaturases, and other related proteins, found in a wide range of organisms including higher plants, green algae, diatoms, nematodes, fungi, and bacteria. The expression of these proteins appears to be temperature dependent: decreases in temperature result in increased levels of fatty acid desaturation within membrane lipids subsequently altering cell membrane fluidity. An important enzyme for the production of polyunsaturates in plants is the oleate delta-12 desaturase (Arabidopsis FAD2) of the endoplasmic reticulum. This enzyme accepts l-acyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine as substrate and requires NADH:cytochrome b oxidoreductase, cytochrome b, and oxygen for activity. FAD2 converts oleate(18:1) to linoleate (18:2) and is closely related to oleate 12-hydroxylase which catalyzes the hydroxylation of oleate to ricinoleate. Plastid-bound desaturases (Arabidopsis delta-12 desaturase (FAD6), omega-3 desaturase (FAD8), omega-6 desaturase (FAD6)), as well as, the cyanobacterial thylakoid-bound FADSs require oxygen, ferredoxin, and ferredoxin oxidoreductase for activity. As in higher plants, the cyanobacteria delta-12 (DesA) and omega-3 (DesB) FADSs desaturate oleate (18:1) to linoleate (18:2) and linoleate (18:2) to linolenate (18:3), respectively. Omega-3 (DesB/FAD8) and omega-6 (DesD/FAD6) desaturases catalyze reactions that introduce a double bond between carbons three and four, and carbons six and seven, respectively, from the methyl end of fatty acids. As with other members of this superfamily, this domain family has extensive hydrophobic regions that would be capable of spanning the membrane bilayer at least twice. Comparison of sequences also reveals the existence of three regions of conserved histidine cluster motifs that contain eight histidine residues: HXXXH, HXX(X)HH, and HXXHH. These histidine residues are reported to be catalytically essential and proposed to be the ligands for the iron atoms contained within the homologue, stearoyl CoA desaturase. Mutation of any one of four of these histidines in the Synechocystis delta-12 acyl-lipid desaturase resulted in complete inactivity. Pssm-ID: 239584 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 222 Bit Score: 36.82 E-value: 7.66e-03
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