PDZ domain of Rab3-interacting molecule 1 (RIM), RIM2, piccolo and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of RIM, RIM2, piccolo and related domains. RIM proteins and Gallus gallus protein piccolo (also called aczonin) are involved in neurotransmitter release at presynaptic active zones, the site of vesicle fusion. A protein complex containing RIM proteins positions synaptic vesicles containing synaptotagmin at the active zone. RIM proteins simultaneously activate docking and priming of synaptic vesicles and recruit Ca2+-channels to active zones, thereby connecting primed synaptic vesicles to Ca2+-channels. RIM binding to vesicular Rab proteins (Rab3 and Rab27 isoforms) mediates vesicle docking; RIM binding to Munc13 activates vesicle priming; RIM binding to the Ca2+-channel, both directly and indirectly via RIM-BP, recruits the Ca2+-channels. The RIM PDZ domain interacts with the C-termini of N- and P/Q-type voltage-gated Ca2+-channels. RIM1, RIM2 and piccolo also participate in regulated exocytosis through binding cAMP-GEFII (cAMP-binding protein-guanidine nucleotide exchange factor II). The piccolo PDZ domain binds cAMP-GEFII. RIM2 also plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes. Caenorhabditis elegans RIM (also known as unc-10) may be involved in the regulation of defecation and daumone response. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This RIM-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 922580445 8565 RYDVKRILLTRSYKHH-NIYNDLGVRVVGGKRQMNGELSAYVSQLHSTANNQTLGQIKIGDEVVEWNGILLRGKTFEEVE 8643
Cdd:cd06714     1 DFLIGRIILQRDPKDGsVSGNGLGLKVVGGKMTESGRLGAYVTKVKPGSVADTVGHLREGDEVLEWNGISLQGKTFEEVQ 80

                          90
                  ....*....|....*
gi 922580445 8644 RIVNKSHGEIEMVIR 8658
Cdd:cd06714    81 DIISQSKGEVELVVS 95

PDZ domain of Rab3-interacting molecule 1 (RIM), RIM2, piccolo and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of RIM, RIM2, piccolo and related domains. RIM proteins and Gallus gallus protein piccolo (also called aczonin) are involved in neurotransmitter release at presynaptic active zones, the site of vesicle fusion. A protein complex containing RIM proteins positions synaptic vesicles containing synaptotagmin at the active zone. RIM proteins simultaneously activate docking and priming of synaptic vesicles and recruit Ca2+-channels to active zones, thereby connecting primed synaptic vesicles to Ca2+-channels. RIM binding to vesicular Rab proteins (Rab3 and Rab27 isoforms) mediates vesicle docking; RIM binding to Munc13 activates vesicle priming; RIM binding to the Ca2+-channel, both directly and indirectly via RIM-BP, recruits the Ca2+-channels. The RIM PDZ domain interacts with the C-termini of N- and P/Q-type voltage-gated Ca2+-channels. RIM1, RIM2 and piccolo also participate in regulated exocytosis through binding cAMP-GEFII (cAMP-binding protein-guanidine nucleotide exchange factor II). The piccolo PDZ domain binds cAMP-GEFII. RIM2 also plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes. Caenorhabditis elegans RIM (also known as unc-10) may be involved in the regulation of defecation and daumone response. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This RIM-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 922580445 8565 RYDVKRILLTRSYKHH-NIYNDLGVRVVGGKRQMNGELSAYVSQLHSTANNQTLGQIKIGDEVVEWNGILLRGKTFEEVE 8643
Cdd:cd06714     1 DFLIGRIILQRDPKDGsVSGNGLGLKVVGGKMTESGRLGAYVTKVKPGSVADTVGHLREGDEVLEWNGISLQGKTFEEVQ 80

                          90
                  ....*....|....*
gi 922580445 8644 RIVNKSHGEIEMVIR 8658
Cdd:cd06714    81 DIISQSKGEVELVVS 95

Protein kinase C conserved region 2 (CalB); Ca2+-binding motif present in phospholipases, protein kinases C, and synaptotagmins (among others). Some do not appear to contain Ca2+-binding sites. Particular C2s appear to bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Unusual occurrence in perforin. Synaptotagmin and PLC C2s are permuted in sequence with respect to N- and C-terminal beta strands. SMART detects C2 domains using one or both of two profiles.

                            10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 922580445   8729 RLVAKIIRARGLKSRDQSRSaPNPFVKVYLLPGRKvsHKRRTRFVDSSCAPEWNQVLEYQVAPHTLNtmFLEFTVCDYQR 8808
Cdd:smart00239    1 TLTVKIISARNLPPKDKGGK-SDPYVKVSLDGDPK--EKKKTKVVKNTLNPVWNETFEFEVPPPELA--ELEIEVYDKDR 75

                            90
                    ....*....|....*.
gi 922580445   8809 DVDDLPLGNVQIPLAD 8824
Cdd:smart00239   76 FGRDDFIGQVTIPLSD 91

PDZ domain of Rab3-interacting molecule 1 (RIM), RIM2, piccolo and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of RIM, RIM2, piccolo and related domains. RIM proteins and Gallus gallus protein piccolo (also called aczonin) are involved in neurotransmitter release at presynaptic active zones, the site of vesicle fusion. A protein complex containing RIM proteins positions synaptic vesicles containing synaptotagmin at the active zone. RIM proteins simultaneously activate docking and priming of synaptic vesicles and recruit Ca2+-channels to active zones, thereby connecting primed synaptic vesicles to Ca2+-channels. RIM binding to vesicular Rab proteins (Rab3 and Rab27 isoforms) mediates vesicle docking; RIM binding to Munc13 activates vesicle priming; RIM binding to the Ca2+-channel, both directly and indirectly via RIM-BP, recruits the Ca2+-channels. The RIM PDZ domain interacts with the C-termini of N- and P/Q-type voltage-gated Ca2+-channels. RIM1, RIM2 and piccolo also participate in regulated exocytosis through binding cAMP-GEFII (cAMP-binding protein-guanidine nucleotide exchange factor II). The piccolo PDZ domain binds cAMP-GEFII. RIM2 also plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes. Caenorhabditis elegans RIM (also known as unc-10) may be involved in the regulation of defecation and daumone response. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This RIM-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 922580445 8565 RYDVKRILLTRSYKHH-NIYNDLGVRVVGGKRQMNGELSAYVSQLHSTANNQTLGQIKIGDEVVEWNGILLRGKTFEEVE 8643
Cdd:cd06714     1 DFLIGRIILQRDPKDGsVSGNGLGLKVVGGKMTESGRLGAYVTKVKPGSVADTVGHLREGDEVLEWNGISLQGKTFEEVQ 80

                          90
                  ....*....|....*
gi 922580445 8644 RIVNKSHGEIEMVIR 8658
Cdd:cd06714    81 DIISQSKGEVELVVS 95

Protein kinase C conserved region 2 (CalB); Ca2+-binding motif present in phospholipases, protein kinases C, and synaptotagmins (among others). Some do not appear to contain Ca2+-binding sites. Particular C2s appear to bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Unusual occurrence in perforin. Synaptotagmin and PLC C2s are permuted in sequence with respect to N- and C-terminal beta strands. SMART detects C2 domains using one or both of two profiles.

                            10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 922580445   8729 RLVAKIIRARGLKSRDQSRSaPNPFVKVYLLPGRKvsHKRRTRFVDSSCAPEWNQVLEYQVAPHTLNtmFLEFTVCDYQR 8808
Cdd:smart00239    1 TLTVKIISARNLPPKDKGGK-SDPYVKVSLDGDPK--EKKKTKVVKNTLNPVWNETFEFEVPPPELA--ELEIEVYDKDR 75

                            90
                    ....*....|....*.
gi 922580445   8809 DVDDLPLGNVQIPLAD 8824
Cdd:smart00239   76 FGRDDFIGQVTIPLSD 91

C2 domain third repeat present in uncharacterized human KIAA1228-like proteins; KIAA proteins are uncharacterized human proteins. They were compiled by the Kazusa mammalian cDNA project which identified more than 2000 human genes. They are identified by 4 digit codes that precede the KIAA designation. Many KIAA genes are still functionally uncharacterized including KIAA1228. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the third C2 repeat, C2C, and has a type-II topology.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 922580445 8716 GHIQVSLGYDG-NSRLVAKIIRARGLKSRDQSRSaPNPFVKVYLLPGRKVSHKRRTRFVDSSCAPEWNQVLEYQVAPHTL 8794
Cdd:cd04030     3 GRIQLTIRYSSqRQKLIVTVHKCRNLPPCDSSDI-PDPYVRLYLLPDKSKSTRRKTSVKKDNLNPVFDETFEFPVSLEEL 81

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 922580445 8795 NTMFLEFTVCDyqrDVDDLP-----LGNVQIPLADKSAINTGPRWYPLQ 8838
Cdd:cd04030    82 KRRTLDVAVKN---SKSFLSrekklLGQVLIDLSDLDLSKGFTQWYDLT 127

C2 domain second repeat present in Synaptotagmin; Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. There are several classes of Synaptotagmins. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 922580445 8716 GHIQVSLGYDGNS-RLVAKIIRARGLKSRDQSRSaPNPFVKVYLLPGRKVSHKRRTRFVDSSCAPEWNQVLEYQVAPHTL 8794
Cdd:cd00276     1 GELLLSLSYLPTAeRLTVVVLKARNLPPSDGKGL-SDPYVKVSLLQGGKKLKKKKTSVKKGTLNPVFNEAFSFDVPAEQL 79

                          90       100       110       120       130
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 922580445 8795 NTMFLEFTVCDYQRDVDDLPLGNVQI-PLADKSAIN------TGPR-----WYPL 8837
Cdd:cd00276    80 EEVSLVITVVDKDSVGRNEVIGQVVLgPDSGGEELEhwnemlASPRkpiarWHKL 134

C2 domain first repeat present in Synaptotagmin-like proteins 1 and 2; All Slp members basically share an N-terminal Slp homology domain (SHD) and C-terminal tandem C2 domains (named the C2A domain and the C2B domain) with the SHD and C2 domains being separated by a linker sequence of various length. Slp1/JFC1 and Slp2/exophilin 4 promote granule docking to the plasma membrane. Additionally, their C2A domains are both Ca2+ independent, unlike Slp3 and Slp4/granuphilin which are Ca2+ dependent. It is thought that SHD (except for the Slp4-SHD) functions as a specific Rab27A/B-binding domain. In addition to Slps, rabphilin, Noc2, and Munc13-4 also function as Rab27-binding proteins. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2 repeat, C2A, and has a type-I topology.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 922580445 8716 GHIQVSLGYDGNSR-LVAKIIRARGLKSRDQSRSAPNPFVKVYLLPGRKVSHKRRTRFVDSSCAPEWNQVLEYQVAPHTL 8794
Cdd:cd08393     2 GSVQFALDYDPKLReLHVHVIQCQDLAAADPKKQRSDPYVKTYLLPDKSNRGKRKTSVKKKTLNPVFNETLRYKVEREEL 81

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 922580445 8795 NTMFLEFTVCDYQRDVDDLPLGNVQIPLADKSAINTGPRWYPLQ 8838
Cdd:cd08393    82 PTRVLNLSVWHRDSLGRNSFLGEVEVDLGSWDWSNTQPTWYPLQ 125

C2 domain first repeat present in Rabphilin and Double C2 domain; Rabphilin is found neurons and in neuroendrocrine cells, while Doc2 is found not only in the brain but in tissues, including mast cells, chromaffin cells, and osteoblasts. Rabphilin and Doc2s share highly homologous tandem C2 domains, although their N-terminal structures are completely different: rabphilin contains an N-terminal Rab-binding domain (RBD),7 whereas Doc2 contains an N-terminal Munc13-1-interacting domain (MID). C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2 repeat, C2A, and has a type-I topology.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 922580445 8716 GHIQVSLGYDG-NSRLVAKIIRARGLKSRDQSRSApNPFVKVYLLPGRKVSHKRRTRFVDSSCAPEWNQVLEYQ-VAPHT 8793
Cdd:cd04035     2 GTLEFTLLYDPaNSALHCTIIRAKGLKAMDANGLS-DPYVKLNLLPGASKATKLRTKTVHKTRNPEFNETLTYYgITEED 80

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 922580445 8794 LNTMFLEFTVCDYQRDVDDlPLGNVQIPL 8822
Cdd:cd04035    81 IQRKTLRLLVLDEDRFGND-FLGETRIPL 108

C2 domain second repeat present in Rabphilin and Double C2 domain; Rabphilin is found neurons and in neuroendrocrine cells, while Doc2 is found not only in the brain but in tissues, including mast cells, chromaffin cells, and osteoblasts. Rabphilin and Doc2s share highly homologous tandem C2 domains, although their N-terminal structures are completely different: rabphilin contains an N-terminal Rab-binding domain (RBD),7 whereas Doc2 contains an N-terminal Munc13-1-interacting domain (MID). C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 922580445 8718 IQVSLGYDGNSR-LVAKIIRARGLKSRDQSRSApNPFVKVYLLPGRKVSHKRRTRFVDSSCAPEWNQVLEYQVAPHTLNT 8796
Cdd:cd08384     2 ILVSLMYNTQRRgLIVGIIRCVNLAAMDANGYS-DPFVKLYLKPDAGKKSKHKTQVKKKTLNPEFNEEFFYDIKHSDLAK 80

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 922580445 8797 MFLEFTVCDYQRDVDDLPLGNVQIPLADKSA 8827
Cdd:cd08384    81 KTLEITVWDKDIGKSNDYIGGLQLGINAKGE 111

C2 domain first repeat present in Synaptotagmin-like protein 3; All Slp members basically share an N-terminal Slp homology domain (SHD) and C-terminal tandem C2 domains (named the C2A domain and the C2B domain) with the SHD and C2 domains being separated by a linker sequence of various length. SHD of Slp (except for the Slp4-SHD) function as a specific Rab27A/B-binding domain. In addition to Slp, rabphilin, Noc2, and Munc13-4 also function as Rab27-binding proteins. Little is known about the expression or localization of Slp3. The C2A domain of Slp3 is Ca2+ dependent. It has been demonstrated that Slp3 promotes dense-core vesicle exocytosis. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2 repeat, C2A, and has a type-I topology.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 922580445 8716 GHIQVSLGYDGNSRLVAKIIRA-RGLKSRDQSRSAPNPFVKVYLLPGRKVSHKRRTRFVDSSCAPEWNQVLEYQVAPHTL 8794
Cdd:cd08392     2 GEIEFALHYNFRTSCLEITIKAcRNLAYGDEKKKKCHPYVKVCLLPDKSHNSKRKTAVKKGTVNPVFNETLKYVVEADLL 81

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 922580445 8795 NTMFLEFTVCDYQRDVDDLPLGNVQIPLAD---KSAINTGPRWYPL 8837
Cdd:cd08392    82 SSRQLQVSVWHSRTLKRRVFLGEVLIPLADwdfEDTDSQRFLWYPL 127

C2 domain present in Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipases C (PLC); PLCs are involved in the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to d-myo-inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (1,4,5-IP3) and sn-1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG). 1,4,5-IP3 and DAG are second messengers in eukaryotic signal transduction cascades. PLC is composed of a N-terminal PH domain followed by a series of EF hands, a catalytic TIM barrel and a C-terminal C2 domain. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. Members here have a type-II topology.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 922580445 8729 RLVAKIIRARGL-KSRDQSRSAPNPFVKVYLL-PGRKVSHKRRTRFV-DSSCAPEWNQVLEYQVAPHTLntMFLEFTVCD 8805
Cdd:cd00275     3 TLTIKIISGQQLpKPKGDKGSIVDPYVEVEIHgLPADDSAKFKTKVVkNNGFNPVWNETFEFDVTVPEL--AFLRFVVYD 80

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 922580445 8806 YQRDVDDlPLGNVQIPLadkSAINTGPRWYPLQGSYDQPIP 8846
Cdd:cd00275    81 EDSGDDD-FLGQACLPL---DSLRQGYRHVPLLDSKGEPLE 117

C2A domain first repeat present in Synaptotagmins 1, 5, 6, 9, and 10; Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmin 1, a member of class 1 synaptotagmins, is located in the brain and endocranium and localized to the synaptic vesicles and secretory granules. It functions as a Ca2+ sensor for fast exocytosis as do synaptotagmins 5, 6, and 10. It is distinguished from the other synaptotagmins by having an N-glycosylated N-terminus. Synaptotagmins 5, 6, and 10, members of class 3 synaptotagmins, are located primarily in the brain and localized to the active zone and plasma membrane. They is distinguished from the other synaptotagmins by having disulfide bonds at its N-terminus. Synaptotagmin 6 also regulates the acrosome reaction, a unique Ca2+-regulated exocytosis, in sperm. Synaptotagmin 9, a class 5 synaptotagmins, is located in the brain and localized to the synaptic vesicles. It is thought to be a Ca2+-sensor for dense-core vesicle exocytosis. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2 repeat, C2A, and has a type-I topology.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 922580445 8716 GHIQVSLGYD-GNSRLVAKIIRARGLKSRDQSRSApNPFVKVYLLPGRKvsHKRRTRFVDSSCAPEWNQVLEYQVAPHTL 8794
Cdd:cd08385     3 GKLQFSLDYDfQSNQLTVGIIQAADLPAMDMGGTS-DPYVKVYLLPDKK--KKFETKVHRKTLNPVFNETFTFKVPYSEL 79

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 922580445 8795 NTMFLEFTVCDYQR----DVddlpLGNVQIPLADKSAINTGPRW 8834
Cdd:cd08385    80 GNKTLVFSVYDFDRfskhDL----IGEVRVPLLTVDLGHVTEEW 119

C2 domain second repeat present in Synaptotagmin 7; Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmin 7, a member of class 2 synaptotagmins, is located in presynaptic plasma membranes in neurons, dense-core vesicles in endocrine cells, and lysosomes in fibroblasts. It has been shown to play a role in regulation of Ca2+-dependent lysosomal exocytosis in fibroblasts and may also function as a vesicular Ca2+-sensor. It is distinguished from the other synaptotagmins by having over 12 splice forms. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 922580445 8716 GHIQVSLGYD-GNSRLVAKIIRARGLKSRDQSRSApNPFVKVYLLPGRKVSHKRRTRFVDSSCAPEWNQVLEYQVAPHTL 8794
Cdd:cd08405     2 GELLLSLCYNpTANRITVNIIKARNLKAMDINGTS-DPYVKVWLMYKDKRVEKKKTVIKKRTLNPVFNESFIFNIPLERL 80

                          90
                  ....*....|....
gi 922580445 8795 NTMFLEFTVCDYQR 8808
Cdd:cd08405    81 RETTLIITVMDKDR 94

C2A domain first repeat present in Synaptotagmin 8; Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2 repeat, C2A, and has a type-I topology.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 922580445 8716 GHIQVSLGYDGNSR-LVAKIIRARGLKSRDQSRSApNPFVKVYLLPGRkvSHKRRTRFVDSSCAPEWNQVLEYQVAPHTL 8794
Cdd:cd08387     3 GELHFSLEYDKDMGiLNVKLIQARNLQPRDFSGTA-DPYCKVRLLPDR--SNTKQSKIHKKTLNPEFDESFVFEVPPQEL 79

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 922580445 8795 NTMFLEFTVCDYQRDVDDLPLGNVQIPLA 8823
Cdd:cd08387    80 PKRTLEVLLYDFDQFSRDECIGVVELPLA 108

C2 domain second repeat present in Synaptotagmin 12; Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmin 12, a member of class 6 synaptotagmins, is located in the brain. It functions are unknown. It, like synaptotagmins 8 and 13, do not have any consensus Ca2+ binding sites. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 922580445 8716 GHIQVSLGYDGNS-RLVAKIIRARGLKSRDQSRSApNPFVKVYLLP-GRKVShKRRTRFVDSSCAPEWNQVLEYQVAPHT 8793
Cdd:cd08406     2 GEILLSLSYLPTAeRLTVVVVKARNLVWDNGKTTA-DPFVKVYLLQdGRKIS-KKKTSVKRDDTNPIFNEAMIFSVPAIV 79

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 922580445 8794 LNTMFLEFTVCDYQRDVDDLPLGNVQI 8820
Cdd:cd08406    80 LQDLSLRVTVAESTEDGKTPNVGHVII 106

C2 domain present in Soybean genes Regulated by Cold 2 (SRC2)-like proteins; SRC2 production is a response to pathogen infiltration. The initial response of increased Ca2+ concentrations are coupled to downstream signal transduction pathways via calcium binding proteins. SRC2 contains a single C2 domain which localizes to the plasma membrane and is involved in Ca2+ dependent protein binding. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 922580445 8730 LVAKIIRARGLKsRDQSRSAPNPFVKVYLLPgrkvSHKRRTRfVDSSCA--PEWNQVLEYQVAPHTL--NTMFLEFTVCD 8805
Cdd:cd04051     2 LEITIISAEDLK-NVNLFGKMKVYAVVWIDP----SHKQSTP-VDRDGGtnPTWNETLRFPLDERLLqqGRLALTIEVYC 75

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 922580445 8806 YQRDVDDLPLGNVQIPLADKSAINtGPRWYPLQGSY 8841
Cdd:cd04051    76 ERPSLGDKLIGEVRVPLKDLLDGA-SPAGELRFLSY 110

C2 domain first repeat found in Multiple C2 domain and Transmembrane region Proteins (MCTP); plant subset; MCTPs are involved in Ca2+ signaling at the membrane. Plant-MCTPs are composed of a variable N-terminal sequence, four C2 domains, two transmembrane regions (TMRs), and a short C-terminal sequence. It is one of four protein classes that are anchored to membranes via a transmembrane region; the others being synaptotagmins, extended synaptotagmins, and ferlins. MCTPs are the only membrane-bound C2 domain proteins that contain two functional TMRs. MCTPs are unique in that they bind Ca2+ but not phospholipids. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2 repeat, C2A, and has a type-II topology.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 922580445 8729 RLVAKIIRARGLKSRDQSRSApNPFVKVYLLpgrkvSHKRRTRFVDSSCAPEWNQVLEYQVA-PHTLNTMFLEFTVCDYQ 8807
Cdd:cd04022     1 KLVVEVVDAQDLMPKDGQGSS-SAYVELDFD-----GQKKRTRTKPKDLNPVWNEKLVFNVSdPSRLSNLVLEVYVYNDR 74

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 922580445 8808 RDVDDLP-LGNVQIPLAD-KSAINTGPRWYPLQ 8838
Cdd:cd04022    75 RSGRRRSfLGRVRISGTSfVPPSEAVVQRYPLE 107

C2 domain second repeat present in Synaptotagmins 3, 5, 6, 9, and 10; Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmin 3, a member of class 3 synaptotagmins, is located in the brain and localized to the active zone and plasma membrane. It functions as a Ca2+ sensor for fast exocytosis. It, along with synaptotagmins 5,6, and 10, has disulfide bonds at its N-terminus. Synaptotagmin 9, a class 5 synaptotagmins, is located in the brain and localized to the synaptic vesicles. It is thought to be a Ca2+-sensor for dense-core vesicle exocytosis. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 922580445 8716 GHIQVSLGYDGNS-RLVAKIIRARGLKSRDQSrSAPNPFVKVYLL-PGRKVShKRRTRFVDSSCAPEWNQVLEYQVAPHT 8793
Cdd:cd08403     1 GELMFSLCYLPTAgRLTLTIIKARNLKAMDIT-GFSDPYVKVSLMcEGRRLK-KKKTSVKKNTLNPTYNEALVFDVPPEN 78

                          90       100       110       120       130
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 922580445 8794 LNTMFLEFTVCDYQRDVDDLPLGNVQI-PLADK------SAINTGPR-----WYPL 8837
Cdd:cd08403    79 VDNVSLIIAVVDYDRVGHNELIGVCRVgPNADGqgrehwNEMLANPRkpiaqWHQL 134

C2 domain in Protein Kinase C (PKC) alpha and gamma; A single C2 domain is found in PKC alpha and gamma. The PKC family of serine/threonine kinases regulates apoptosis, proliferation, migration, motility, chemo-resistance, and differentiation. There are 3 groups: group 1(alpha, betaI, beta II, gamma) which require phospholipids and calcium, group 2 (delta, epsilon, theta, eta) which do not require calcium for activation, and group 3 (xi, iota/lambda) which are atypical and can be activated in the absence of diacylglycerol and calcium. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. Members here have a type-I topology.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 922580445 8716 GHIQVSLGYDGNsRLVAKIIRARGLKSRDqsrsaPN----PFVKVYLLPGRKVSHKRRTRFVDSSCAPEWNQVLEYQVAP 8791
Cdd:cd04026     2 GRIYLKISVKDN-KLTVEVREAKNLIPMD-----PNglsdPYVKLKLIPDPKNETKQKTKTIKKTLNPVWNETFTFDLKP 75

                          90
                  ....*....|....*..
gi 922580445 8792 HTLNTmFLEFTVCDYQR 8808
Cdd:cd04026    76 ADKDR-RLSIEVWDWDR 91

C2 domain first repeat present in Tricalbin-like proteins; 5 to 6 copies of the C2 domain are present in Tricalbin, a yeast homolog of Synaptotagmin, which is involved in membrane trafficking and sorting. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2 repeat, C2A, and has a type-II topology.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 922580445 8733 KIIRARGLKSRDQSRSAPNPFVKVYLLPGRKVShkrRTRFVDSSCAPEWNQVLEYQVaphTLNTMFLEFTVCDYQRDVDD 8812
Cdd:cd04044     7 TIKSARGLKGSDIIGGTVDPYVTFSISNRRELA---RTKVKKDTSNPVWNETKYILV---NSLTEPLNLTVYDFNDKRKD 80

                          90
                  ....*....|..
gi 922580445 8813 LPLGNVQIPLAD 8824
Cdd:cd04044    81 KLIGTAEFDLSS 92

C2 domain second repeat present in Synaptotagmin 1; Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmin 1, a member of the class 1 synaptotagmins, is located in the brain and endocranium and localized to the synaptic vesicles and secretory granules. It functions as a Ca2+ sensor for fast exocytosis. It, like synaptotagmin-2, has an N-glycosylated N-terminus. Synaptotagmin 4, a member of class 4 synaptotagmins, is located in the brain. It functions are unknown. It, like synaptotagmin-11, has an Asp to Ser substitution in its C2A domain. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 922580445 8716 GHIQVSLGYDGNS-RLVAKIIRARGLKSRDQSRSApNPFVKVYLLPGRKVSHKRRTRFVDSSCAPEWNQVLEYQVAPHTL 8794
Cdd:cd08402     2 GDICFSLRYVPTAgKLTVVILEAKNLKKMDVGGLS-DPYVKIHLMQNGKRLKKKKTTIKKRTLNPYYNESFSFEVPFEQI 80

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....
gi 922580445 8795 NTMFLEFTVCDYQRDVDDLPLGNV 8818
Cdd:cd08402    81 QKVHLIVTVLDYDRIGKNDPIGKV 104

PDZ domain of membrane palmitoylated proteins (MPPs), and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of MPP1-7 (also known as MAGUK p55 subfamily members 1-7), and related domains. MPPs comprise a subfamily of a larger group of multidomain proteins, namely, membrane-associated guanylate kinases (MAGUKs). MPPs form diverse protein complexes at the cell membranes, which are involved in a wide range of cellular processes, including establishing proper cell structure, polarity and cell adhesion. MPPs have only one PDZ domain. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This MPP1-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 922580445 8618 GQIKIGDEVVEWNGILLRGKTFEEVERIVNKSHGEIEMVI 8657
Cdd:cd06726    39 GLLHVGDEILEINGIPVSGKTVDELQKLLSSLSGSVTFKL 78

C2 domain second repeat found in Multiple C2 domain and Transmembrane region Proteins (MCTP); plant subset; MCTPs are involved in Ca2+ signaling at the membrane. Plant-MCTPs are composed of a variable N-terminal sequence, four C2 domains, two transmembrane regions (TMRs), and a short C-terminal sequence. It is one of four protein classes that are anchored to membranes via a transmembrane region; the others being synaptotagmins, extended synaptotagmins, and ferlins. MCTPs are the only membrane-bound C2 domain proteins that contain two functional TMRs. MCTPs are unique in that they bind Ca2+ but not phospholipids. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a type-II topology.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 922580445 8729 RLVAKIIRARGLksrdqsRSAPNPFVKVYLLPgrkvSHKRRTRFVDSSCAPEWNQVleYQVAPHTLNTMFLEFTVCDYQR 8808
Cdd:cd08378     1 YLYVRVVKARGL------PANSNDPVVEVKLG----NYKGSTKAIERTSNPEWNQV--FAFSKDRLQGSTLEVSVWDKDK 68

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 922580445 8809 DVDDLpLGNVQIPLAD-------KSAIntGPRWYPLQG 8839
Cdd:cd08378    69 AKDDF-LGGVCFDLSEvptrvppDSPL--APQWYRLED 103

C2 domain first and third repeat in Synaptotagmin-like proteins; Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains either the first or third repeat in Synaptotagmin-like proteins with a type-I topology.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 922580445 8733 KIIRARGLKSRDQ-----SRSAPNPFVKVyllpgrKVSHKR-RTRFVDSSCAPEWNQVleYQVAPHTLNTMFLEFTVCDY 8806
Cdd:cd08391     6 HVIEAQDLVAKDKfvgglVKGKSDPYVIV------RVGAQTfKSKVIKENLNPKWNEV--YEAVVDEVPGQELEIELFDE 77

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 922580445 8807 QRDVDDlPLGNVQIPLADKSAINTGPRWYPLQGS 8840
Cdd:cd08391    78 DPDKDD-FLGRLSIDLGSVEKKGFIDEWLPLEDV 110

C2 domain third repeat found in Multiple C2 domain and Transmembrane region Proteins (MCTP); plant subset; MCTPs are involved in Ca2+ signaling at the membrane. Plant-MCTPs are composed of a variable N-terminal sequence, four C2 domains, two transmembrane regions (TMRs), and a short C-terminal sequence. It is one of four protein classes that are anchored to membranes via a transmembrane region; the others being synaptotagmins, extended synaptotagmins, and ferlins. MCTPs are the only membrane-bound C2 domain proteins that contain two functional TMRs. MCTPs are unique in that they bind Ca2+ but not phospholipids. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the third C2 repeat, C2C, and has a type-II topology.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 922580445 8733 KIIRARGLKSRDQSRsAPNPFVKVYLlpGRKVshkRRTRF-VDSSCAPEWNQVLEYQVA-PHTLNtmfLEFTVCDYQRDV 8810
Cdd:cd04019     5 TVIEAQDLVPSDKNR-VPEVFVKAQL--GNQV---LRTRPsQTRNGNPSWNEELMFVAAePFEDH---LILSVEDRVGPN 75

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 922580445 8811 DDLPLGNVQIPLA-------DKSAintGPRWYPLQGS 8840
Cdd:cd04019    76 KDEPLGRAVIPLNdierrvdDRPV---PSRWFSLERP 109

C2 domain third repeat present in Tricalbin-like proteins; 5 to 6 copies of the C2 domain are present in Tricalbin, a yeast homolog of Synaptotagmin, which is involved in membrane trafficking and sorting. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the third C2 repeat, C2C, and has a type-II topology.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 922580445 8751 NPFVKVyLLPGRKvshKRRTRFVDSSCAPEWNQVLeYqVAPHTLN-TMFLEftVCDYQRDVDDLPLGNVQIPLAD 8824
Cdd:cd04045    23 DPYVRV-LVNGIV---KGRTVTISNTLNPVWDEVL-Y-VPVTSPNqKITLE--VMDYEKVGKDRSLGSVEINVSD 89