PA_C-RZF_ like: Protease-associated (PA) domain C_RZF-like. This group includes various PA domain-containing proteins similar to C-RZF (chicken embryo RING zinc finger) protein. These proteins contain a C3H2C3 RING finger. C-RZF is expressed in embryo cells and is restricted mainly to brain and heart, it is localized to both the nucleus and endosomes. Additional C3H2C3 RING finger proteins belonging to this group, include Arabidopsis ReMembR-H2 protein and mouse sperizin. ReMembR-H2 is likely to be an integral membrane protein, and to traffic through the endosomal pathway. Sperizin is expressed in haploid germ cells and localized in the cytoplasm, it may participate in spermatogenesis. The significance of the PA domain to these proteins has not been ascertained. It may be a protein-protein interaction domain. At peptidase active sites, the PA domain may participate in substrate binding and/or promoting conformational changes, which influence the stability and accessibility of the site to substrate.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 751368138  23 LFAFLNLLPveADILAYNFENASQTFEDLPARFGYRLPAEGLKGFLINSKPENACEPIVPPPLKDNSSGTFIVLIRRLDC 102
Cdd:cd02123    1 LLVVSPLAT--ADKLALADSNLTDEFDDLPANFGPIPPGSGLKGVLVVAEPLNACSPIENPPLNSNASGSFIVLIRRGNC 78

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 751368138 103 NFDIKVLNAQRAGYKAAIVHNVDSDDLISMGSNDiDTLKKIDIPSVFIGESSANSLKDEFTYEKGghIILVPELSLPL 180
Cdd:cd02123   79 SFETKVRNAQRAGYKAAIVYNDESNDLISMSGND-QEIKGIDIPSVFVGKSTGEILKKYASYEKG--VILIPDLPLKI 153

PA_C-RZF_ like: Protease-associated (PA) domain C_RZF-like. This group includes various PA domain-containing proteins similar to C-RZF (chicken embryo RING zinc finger) protein. These proteins contain a C3H2C3 RING finger. C-RZF is expressed in embryo cells and is restricted mainly to brain and heart, it is localized to both the nucleus and endosomes. Additional C3H2C3 RING finger proteins belonging to this group, include Arabidopsis ReMembR-H2 protein and mouse sperizin. ReMembR-H2 is likely to be an integral membrane protein, and to traffic through the endosomal pathway. Sperizin is expressed in haploid germ cells and localized in the cytoplasm, it may participate in spermatogenesis. The significance of the PA domain to these proteins has not been ascertained. It may be a protein-protein interaction domain. At peptidase active sites, the PA domain may participate in substrate binding and/or promoting conformational changes, which influence the stability and accessibility of the site to substrate.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 751368138  23 LFAFLNLLPveADILAYNFENASQTFEDLPARFGYRLPAEGLKGFLINSKPENACEPIVPPPLKDNSSGTFIVLIRRLDC 102
Cdd:cd02123    1 LLVVSPLAT--ADKLALADSNLTDEFDDLPANFGPIPPGSGLKGVLVVAEPLNACSPIENPPLNSNASGSFIVLIRRGNC 78

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 751368138 103 NFDIKVLNAQRAGYKAAIVHNVDSDDLISMGSNDiDTLKKIDIPSVFIGESSANSLKDEFTYEKGghIILVPELSLPL 180
Cdd:cd02123   79 SFETKVRNAQRAGYKAAIVYNDESNDLISMSGND-QEIKGIDIPSVFVGKSTGEILKKYASYEKG--VILIPDLPLKI 153

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 13 (RNF13) and similar proteins; RNF13 is a widely expressed membrane-associated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is functionally significant in the regulation of cancer development, muscle cell growth, and neuronal development. Its expression is developmentally regulated during myogenesis and is upregulated in various tumors. RNF13 negatively regulates cell proliferation through its E3 ligase activity. It functions as an important regulator of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease IRE1alpha, mediating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis through the activation of the IRE1alpha-TRAF2-JNK signaling pathway. Moreover, RNF13 is involved in the regulation of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex via the ubiquitination of snapin, a SNAP25-interacting protein, which thereby controls synaptic function. In addition, RNF13 participates in regulating the function of satellite cells by modulating cytokine composition. RNF13 is evolutionarily conserved among many metazoans and contains an N-terminal signal peptide, a protease-associated (PA) domain, a transmembrane (TM) domain and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger domain followed by a putative PEST sequence.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 751368138 230 KFKKGDEYDVCAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHG 261
Cdd:cd16796    1 KFKKGDEYDVCAICLDEYEEGDKLRILPCSHA 32

PA domain; The PA (Protease associated) domain is found as an insert domain in diverse proteases. The PA domain is also found in a plant vacuolar sorting receptor Swiss:O22925 and members of the RZF family Swiss:O43567. It has been suggested that this domain forms a lid-like structure that covers the active site in active proteases, and is involved in protein recognition in vacuolar sorting receptors.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 751368138   79 PIVPPPLKDNSSGTF--------IVLIRRLDCNFDIKVLNAQRAGYKAAIVHNVDSDDL-ISMGSNDIDTLKKIDIPSVF 149
Cdd:pfam02225   3 PLVLAPGCYAGDGIPadfdvkgkIVLVRCTFGFRAEKVRNAQAAGAAGVIIYNNVEGLGgPPGAGGNELYPDGIYIPAVG 82

                  ....*....
gi 751368138  150 IGESSANSL 158
Cdd:pfam02225  83 VSRADGEAL 91

RING-finger-containing ubiquitin ligase [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones];

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 751368138  35 DILAYNFENASQTFEDLPARfgyrlpAEGLKGFLINSKPENACEPIVPPPLKDNSSGTFIvLIRRLDCNFDIKVLNAQRA 114
Cdd:COG5540   97 DLISGYFGDGDDGREYDETR------IPPPSRDLRGSGRKVRGSARQEVPSVEERNLVDR-CNRRGNETEEDPTRERRRT 169

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 751368138 115 GYKAAIV---HNVDSDDLISMGSNDIDTLKKIDIPSVFIGESSANSLKDEFTYEKG------------------------ 167
Cdd:COG5540  170 RFKGVIRgseRNGETFRLHYMVAPDKVDPRSEGVEDPVTLTTSINVTWDGLGNTYQapsqsaeaqdetgdmfwprlsrfv 249

                        170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 751368138 168 -GHIILVPELSLPLEYYL---------IPFLIIVGICLILIVIFmitkFVQDRHRNRRNRlrKDQLKKLPVHKFKKGDEY 237
Cdd:COG5540  250 gSRGFRVVFPRIPSQELRflfltqskgSRFNIILEIQINFDVGF----YSSSEAIPTTTT--KGSLKPLSIERAVEADKG 323

                        250       260
                 ....*....|....*....|...
gi 751368138 238 DVCAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSH 260
Cdd:COG5540  324 VECAICMSNFIKNDRLRVLPCDH 346

PA_C-RZF_ like: Protease-associated (PA) domain C_RZF-like. This group includes various PA domain-containing proteins similar to C-RZF (chicken embryo RING zinc finger) protein. These proteins contain a C3H2C3 RING finger. C-RZF is expressed in embryo cells and is restricted mainly to brain and heart, it is localized to both the nucleus and endosomes. Additional C3H2C3 RING finger proteins belonging to this group, include Arabidopsis ReMembR-H2 protein and mouse sperizin. ReMembR-H2 is likely to be an integral membrane protein, and to traffic through the endosomal pathway. Sperizin is expressed in haploid germ cells and localized in the cytoplasm, it may participate in spermatogenesis. The significance of the PA domain to these proteins has not been ascertained. It may be a protein-protein interaction domain. At peptidase active sites, the PA domain may participate in substrate binding and/or promoting conformational changes, which influence the stability and accessibility of the site to substrate.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 751368138  23 LFAFLNLLPveADILAYNFENASQTFEDLPARFGYRLPAEGLKGFLINSKPENACEPIVPPPLKDNSSGTFIVLIRRLDC 102
Cdd:cd02123    1 LLVVSPLAT--ADKLALADSNLTDEFDDLPANFGPIPPGSGLKGVLVVAEPLNACSPIENPPLNSNASGSFIVLIRRGNC 78

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 751368138 103 NFDIKVLNAQRAGYKAAIVHNVDSDDLISMGSNDiDTLKKIDIPSVFIGESSANSLKDEFTYEKGghIILVPELSLPL 180
Cdd:cd02123   79 SFETKVRNAQRAGYKAAIVYNDESNDLISMSGND-QEIKGIDIPSVFVGKSTGEILKKYASYEKG--VILIPDLPLKI 153

PA_subtilisin_1: Protease-associated domain containing subtilisin-like proteases, subgroup 1. A subgroup of PA domain-containing subtilisin-like proteases. The significance of the PA domain to many of the proteins in which it is inserted is undetermined. It may be a protein-protein interaction domain. At peptidase active sites, the PA domain may participate in substrate binding and/or promoting conformational changes, which influence the stability and accessibility of the site to substrate. Proteins into which the PA domain is inserted include the following subtilisin-like proteases: i) melon cucumisin, ii) Arabidopsis thaliana Ara12, iii) Alnus glutinosa ag12, iv) members of the tomato P69 family, and v) tomato LeSBT2. However, these proteins belong to other subtilisin-like subgroups. Relatively little is known about proteins in this subgroup.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 751368138  52 PARFGYRLP---AEGLKGFLINSKPENACEPIvppPLKDNSSGTfIVLIRRLDCNFDIKVLNAQRAGYKAAIVHNVDSDD 128
Cdd:cd04818    2 SAGFGPALTnvtADVVLAGAAPASNTDGCTAF---TNAAAFAGK-IALIDRGTCNFTVKVLNAQNAGAIAVIVANNVAGG 77

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 751368138 129 -LISMGSNDidtlKKIDIPSVFIGESSANSLKDE 161
Cdd:cd04818   78 aPITMGGDD----PDITIPAVMISQADGDALKAA 107

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 13 (RNF13) and similar proteins; RNF13 is a widely expressed membrane-associated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is functionally significant in the regulation of cancer development, muscle cell growth, and neuronal development. Its expression is developmentally regulated during myogenesis and is upregulated in various tumors. RNF13 negatively regulates cell proliferation through its E3 ligase activity. It functions as an important regulator of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase/endonuclease IRE1alpha, mediating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis through the activation of the IRE1alpha-TRAF2-JNK signaling pathway. Moreover, RNF13 is involved in the regulation of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex via the ubiquitination of snapin, a SNAP25-interacting protein, which thereby controls synaptic function. In addition, RNF13 participates in regulating the function of satellite cells by modulating cytokine composition. RNF13 is evolutionarily conserved among many metazoans and contains an N-terminal signal peptide, a protease-associated (PA) domain, a transmembrane (TM) domain and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger domain followed by a putative PEST sequence.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 751368138 230 KFKKGDEYDVCAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHG 261
Cdd:cd16796    1 KFKKGDEYDVCAICLDEYEEGDKLRILPCSHA 32

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 167 (RNF167) and similar proteins; RNF167, also known as RING105, is an endosomal/lysosomal E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) ubiquitination. It ubiquitinates AMPA-type glutamate receptor subunit GluA2 and regulates its surface expression, and thus acts as a selective regulator of AMPAR-mediated neurotransmission. It acts as an endosomal membrane protein which ubiquitylates vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 (VAMP3) and regulates endosomal trafficking. Moreover, RNF167 plays a role in the regulation of TSSC5 (tumor-suppressing subchromosomal transferable fragment cDNA, also known as ORCTL2/IMPT1/BWR1A/SLC22A1L), which can function in concert with the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH6. RNF167 is widely conserved in metazoans and contains an N-terminal signal peptide, a protease-associated (PA) domain, two transmembrane domains (TM1 and TM2), and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger domain followed by a putative PEST sequence.

                         10        20
                 ....*....|....*....|...
gi 751368138 238 DVCAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSH 260
Cdd:cd16797    1 DVCAICLDEYEEGDKLRVLPCSH 23

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 13 (RNF13), RING finger protein 167 (RNF167), and similar proteins; This subfamily includes RING finger protein 13 (RNF13), RING finger protein 167 (RNF167), Zinc/RING finger protein 4 (ZNRF4), and similar proteins, which belong to a larger PA-TM-RING ubiquitin ligase family that has been characterized by containing an N-terminal signal peptide, a protease-associated (PA) domain, a transmembrane domain (TM), and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger followed by a putative PEST sequence. RNF13 is a widely expressed membrane-associated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that functions in the regulation of cancer development, muscle cell growth, and neuronal development. Its expression is developmentally regulated during myogenesis and is upregulated in various tumors. RNF13 negatively regulates cell proliferation through its E3 ligase activity. RNF167, also known as RING105, is an endosomal/lysosomal E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the ubiquitination of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR). It acts as an endosomal membrane protein which ubiquitylates vesicle-associated membrane protein 3 (VAMP3) and regulates endosomal trafficking. Moreover, RNF167 plays a role in the regulation of TSSC5 (tumor-suppressing subchromosomal transferable fragment cDNA, also known as ORCTL2/IMPT1/BWR1A/SLC22A1L), which can function in concert with the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH6. ZNRF4, also known as RING finger protein 204 (RNF204), or Nixin, is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-anchored ubiquitin ligase that physically interacts with the ER-localized chaperone calnexin in a glycosylation-independent manner, inducing calnexin ubiquitination, and p97-dependent degradation. The murine protein sperizin (spermatid-specific ring zinc finger) is a homolog of human ZNRF4. It is specifically expressed in Haploid germ cells and is involved in spermatogenesis.

                         10        20
                 ....*....|....*....|...
gi 751368138 238 DVCAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSH 260
Cdd:cd16665    1 DVCAICLDDYEEGDKLRILPCSH 23

PA_VSR: Protease-associated (PA) domain-containing plant vacuolar sorting receptor (VSR). This group includes various PA domain-containing VSRs such as garden pea BP-80, pumpkin PV72, and various Arabidopsis VSRs including AtVSR1. In contrast to most eukaryotes, which only have one or two VSRs, plants have several. This may in part be a reflection of having a more complex vacuolar system with both lytic vacuoles and storage vacuoles. The lytic vacuole is thought to be equivalent to the mammalian lysosome and the yeast vacuole. Pea BP-80 is a type 1 transmembrane protein, involved in the targeting of proteins to the lytic vacuole; it has been suggested that this protein also mediates targeting to the storage vacuole. PV72 and AtVSR1 may mediate transport of seed storage proteins to protein storage vacuoles. The significance of the PA domain to VSRs has not been ascertained. It may be a protein-protein interaction domain. At peptidase active sites, the PA domain may participate in substrate binding and/or promoting conformational changes, which influence the stability and accessibility of the site to substrate.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 751368138  94 IVLIRRLDCNFDIKVLNAQRAGYKAAIVhnVDSDD--LISMG----SNDIDTLKKIDIPSVFIGESSANSLKDEF 162
Cdd:cd02125   45 ILLLDRGGCFFTLKAWNAQQAGAAAVLV--ADNVDepLLTMDtpeeSGSADYIEKITIPSALITKAFGEKLKKAI 117

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in the PA-TM-RING ubiquitin ligase family; The PA-TM-RING family represents a group of transmembrane-type E3 ubiquitin ligases, which has been characterized by an N-terminal transient signal peptide, a PA (protease-associated) domain, a TM (transmembrane) domain, as well as a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger domain. It includes RNF13, RNF167, ZNRF4 (zinc and RING finger 4), GRAIL (gene related to anergy in lymphocytes)/RNF128, RNF130, RNF133, RNF148, RNF149 and RNF150 (which are more closely related), as well as RNF43 and ZNRF3, which have substantially longer C-terminal tail extensions compared with the others. PA-TM-RING proteins are expressed at low levels in all mammalian tissues and species, but they are not present in yeast. They play a common regulatory role in intracellular trafficking/sorting, suggesting that abrogation of their function may result in dysregulation of cellular signaling events in cancer.

                         10        20
                 ....*....|....*....|...
gi 751368138 239 VCAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHG 261
Cdd:cd16454    1 TCAICLEEFKEGEKVRVLPCNHL 23

PA_1: Protease-associated (PA) domain subgroup 1. A subgroup of PA-domain containing proteins. Proteins in this subgroup contain a RING-finger (Really Interesting New Gene) domain C-terminal to this PA domain. The PA domain is an insert domain in a diverse fraction of proteases. The significance of the PA domain to many of the proteins in which it is inserted is undetermined. It may be a protein-protein interaction domain. At peptidase active sites, the PA domain may participate in substrate binding and/or promoting conformational changes, which influence the stability and accessibility of the site to substrate. Proteins in this group contain a C-terminal RING-finger domain. Proteins into which the PA domain is inserted include the following: i) various signal peptide peptidases: such as hSPPL2a and 2b, ii) various E3 ubiquitin ligases similar to human GRAIL (gene related to anergy in lymphocytes) protein, iii) various proteins containing a RING finger motif such as Arabidopsis ReMembR-H2 protein, iv) EDEM3 (ER-degradation-enhancing mannosidase-like 3 protein), v) various plant vacuolar sorting receptors such as Pisum sativum BP-80, vi) prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), vii) yeast aminopeptidase Y viii) Vibrio metschnikovii VapT, a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) resistant extracellular alkaline serine protease, ix) various subtilisin-like proteases such as Cucumisin from the juice of melon fruits, and x) human TfR (transferrin receptor) 1 and human TfR2. The proteins listed above belong to other subgroups; relatively little is known about proteins in this subgroup.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 751368138  73 PENACEPIVPPPLKDNssgtfIVLIRRLDCNFDIKVLNAQRAGYKAAIV-HNVDSDDLISMGSNDIDTLkkIDIPSVFIG 151
Cdd:cd04813   26 PTDACSLQEHAEIDGK-----VALVLRGGCGFLDKVMWAQRRGAKAVIVgDDEPGRGLITMFSNGDTDN--VTIPAMFTS 98

                         90
                 ....*....|
gi 751368138 152 ESSANSLKDE 161
Cdd:cd04813   99 RTSYHLLSSL 108

PA _GRAIL_like: Protease-associated (PA) domain GRAIL-like. This group includes PA domain containing E3 (ubiquitin ligases) similar to human GRAIL (gene related to anergy in lymphocytes) protein. Proteins in this group contain a C3H2C3 RING finger. E3 ubiquitin ligase is part of an enzymic cascade, the end result of which is the ubiquitination of proteins. In this cascade, E1 activates the ubiquitin, the activated ubiquitin is carried by E2, and E3 recognizes the acceptor protein as well as catalyzes the transfer of the activated ubiquitin from E2 to this acceptor. GRAIL, a transmembrane protein localized in the endosomes, controls the development of T cell clonal anergy, and may ubiquitinate membrane-associated targets for T cell activation. GRAIL1 is associated with, and regulated by, two isoforms of otubain 1 (the ubiquitin-specific protease). Additional E3s belonging to this group include human (h)Goliath and Xenopus GREUL1 (Goliath Related E3 Ubiquitin Ligase 1). hGoliath and GRAIL both have the property of self-ubiquitination. hGoliath is expressed in leukocytes; its expression and localization is not modified in leukemia. GREUL1 may play a role in the generation of anterior ectoderm. The significance of the PA domain to these proteins has not been ascertained. It may be a protein-protein interaction domain. At peptidase active sites, the PA domain may participate in substrate binding and/or promoting conformational changes, which influence the stability and accessibility of the site to substrate.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 751368138  53 ARFGYRLPAEGLKGFLINSKPEN---ACEP----IVPPPlkdnsSGTFIVLIRRLDCNFDIKVLNAQRAGYKAAIVHNVD 125
Cdd:cd02122   20 GRYGEHSPKEEAKGLVVVPDPPNdhyGCDPdtrfPIPPN-----GEPWIALIQRGNCTFEEKIKLAAERNASAVVIYNNP 94

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 751368138 126 SDD--LISMGSNDidtlkKIDIPSVFIGES 153
Cdd:cd02122   95 GTGneTVKMSHPG-----TGDIVAIMITNP 119

PA_EDEM3_like: protease associated domain (PA) domain-containing EDEM3-like proteins. This group contains various PA domain-containing proteins similar to mouse EDEM3 (ER-degradation-enhancing mannosidase-like 3 protein). EDEM3 contains a region, similar to Class I alpha-mannosidases (gylcosyl hydrolase family 47), N-terminal to the PA domain. EDEM3 accelerates glycoprotein ERAD (ER-associated degradation). In transfected mammalian cells, overexpression of EDEM3 enhances the mannose trimming from the N-glycans, of a model misfolded protein [alpha1-antitrypsin null (Hong Kong)] as well as, from total glycoproteins. Mannose trimming appears to be involved in the selection of ERAD substrates. EDEM3 has a different specificity of trimming than ER alpha-mannosidase 1. The significance of the PA domain to EDEM3 has not been ascertained. It may be a protein-protein interaction domain. At peptidase active sites, the PA domain may participate in substrate binding and/or promoting conformational changes, which influence the stability and accessibility of the site to substrate.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 751368138  52 PARFGYRLPA-EGLKGFLINSKPENACEPIVPPplkDNSSGTfIVLIRRLDCNFDIKVLNAQRAGYKAAIV------HNV 124
Cdd:cd02126    4 PAQFGMDLTGdKAGVGRVVKAKPYRACSEITNA---EEVKGK-IAIMERGDCMFVEKARRVQKAGAIGGIVidnnegSSS 79

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 751368138 125 DSDDLISMgSNDIDTLKKIDIPSVFI 150
Cdd:cd02126   80 DTAPMFAM-SGDGDSTDDVTIPVVFL 104

PA_C5a_like: Protease-associated domain containing proteins like Streptococcus pyogenes C5a peptidase. This group contains various PA domain-containing proteins similar to S. pyogenes C5a, including, i) Vpr, a minor extracellular serine protease from Bacillus subtilis, ii) a large molecular mass collagenolytic protease from Geobacillus collagenovorans MO-1, and iii) PrtS, a cell envelope protease from Streptococcus thermophilus CNRZ 385. Proteins in this group belong to the peptidase S8 family. C5a peptidase is a cell surface serine protease which specifically inactivates C5a [a chemotactic peptide, which attracts polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)], by cleaving it to release a 7-residue carboxy-terminal fragment which contains the PMN binding site. The significance of the PA domain to these proteins has not been ascertained. It may be a protein-protein interaction domain. At peptidase active sites, the PA domain may participate in substrate binding and/or promoting conformational changes, which influence the stability and accessibility of the site to substrate.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 751368138  94 IVLIRRLDCNFDIKVLNAQRAGYKAAIVHNvDSDDLISMGSNDidtlkKIDIPSVFI----GESSANSLKDE 161
Cdd:cd02133   50 IALIQRGEITFVEKIANAKAAGAVGVIIYN-NVDGLIPGTLGE-----AVFIPVVFIskedGEALKAALESS 115

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger proteins RNF38, RNF44, and similar proteins; This subfamily includes RING finger proteins RNF38, RNF44, and similar proteins. RNF38 is a nuclear E3 ubiquitin protein ligase that plays a role in regulating p53. RNF44 is an uncharacterized RING finger protein that shows high sequence similarity to RNF38. Both RNF38 and RNF44 contain a coiled-coil motif, a KIL motif (Lys-X2-Ile/Leu-X2-Ile/Leu, X can be any amino acid), and a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger. In addition, RNF38 harbors two potential nuclear localization signals.

                         10        20
                 ....*....|....*....|.
gi 751368138 240 CAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSH 260
Cdd:cd16472    5 CVVCMCDYEKRQLLRVLPCSH 25

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in rice E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase EL5 and similar proteins; EL5, also known as protein ELICITOR 5, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase containing an N-terminal transmembrane domain and a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger that is a binding site for ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2). It can be rapidly induced by N-acetylchitooligosaccharide elicitor. EL5 catalyzes polyubiquitination via the Lys48 residue of ubiquitin, and thus plays a crucial role as a membrane-anchored E3 in the maintenance of cell viability after the initiation of root primordial formation in rice. It also acts as an anti-cell death enzyme that might be responsible for mediating the degradation of cytotoxic proteins produced in root cells after the actions of phytohormones. Moreover, EL5 interacts with UBC5b, a rice ubiquitin carrier protein, through its RING-H2 finger. EL5 is an unstable protein, and its degradation is regulated by the C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger in a proteasome-independent manner.

                         10        20
                 ....*....|....*....|...
gi 751368138 240 CAICLEEYEDGDKLRILP-CSHG 261
Cdd:cd16461    2 CAICLSDYENGEELRRLPeCKHA 24

H2 subclass of RING (RING-H2) fingers and its variants; The RING finger is a specialized type of Zn-finger of 40 to 60 residues that binds two atoms of zinc. It is defined by the "cross-brace" motif that chelates zinc atoms by eight amino acid residues, typically Cys or His, arranged in a characteristic spacing. Canonical RING motifs have been categorized into two major subclasses, RING-HC (C3HC4-type) and RING-H2 (C3H2C3-type), according to their Cys/His content. There are also many variants of RING fingers: some have different Cys/His patterns while some lack a single Cys or His residue at typical Zn ligand positions (the fourth or eighth zinc ligand is prevalently exchanged for an Asp, which can indeed chelate Zn in a RING finger as well). This family corresponds to the H2 subclass of RING (RING-H2) finger proteins that are characterized by containing C3H2C3-type canonical RING-H2 fingers or noncanonical RING-H2 finger variants, including C4HC3- (RING-CH alias RINGv), C3H3C2-, C3H2C2D-, C3DHC3-, and C4HC2H-type modified RING-H2 fingers. The canonical RING-H2 finger has been defined as C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)-H-X(2-3)-H-X2-C-X(4-48)-C-X2-C, X is any amino acid and the number of X residues varies in different fingers. It binds two Zn ions in a unique "cross-brace" arrangement, which distinguishes it from tandem zinc fingers and other similar motifs. RING-H2 finger can be found in a group of diverse proteins with a variety of cellular functions, including oncogenesis, development, viral replication, signal transduction, the cell cycle and apoptosis. Many of them are ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s) that serves as a scaffold for binding to ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s, also referred to as ubiquitin carrier proteins or UBCs) in close proximity to substrate proteins, which enables efficient transfer of ubiquitin from E2 to the substrates.

                         10        20
                 ....*....|....*....|.
gi 751368138 240 CAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSH 260
Cdd:cd16448    1 CVICLEEFEEGDVVRLLPCGH 21

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 43 (RNF43) and similar proteins; RNF43 is a transmembrane E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays an important role in frizzled (FZD)-dependent regulation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. It functions as a tumor suppressor that inhibits Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by ubiquitinating FZD receptor and targeting it to the lysosomal pathway for degradation. miR-550a-5p directly targeted the 3'-UTR of gene RNF43 and regulated its expression. Moreover, RNF43 interacts with NEDD-4-like ubiquitin-protein ligase-1 (NEDL1) and regulates p53-mediated transcription. It may also be involved in cell growth control through the interaction with HAP95, a chromatin-associated protein interfacing the nuclear envelope. Mutations of RNF43 have been identified in various tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC), endometrial cancer, mucinous ovarian tumors, gastric adenocarcinoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, liver fluke-associated cholangiocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and glioma. RNF43 contains an N-terminal signal peptide, a protease-associated (PA) domain, a transmembrane (TM) domain and a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger followed by a long C-terminal region.

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                 ....*....|....*....|..
gi 751368138 239 VCAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSH 260
Cdd:cd16798    5 VCAICLEEFSEGQELRIISCSH 26

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger proteins RNF111, RNF165, and similar proteins; The family includes RING finger proteins RNF111, RNF165, and similar proteins. RNF111, also known as Arkadia, is a nuclear E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that targets intracellular effectors and modulators of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)/Nodal-related signaling for polyubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation. It also interacts with the clathrin-adaptor 2 (AP2) complex and regulates endocytosis of certain cell surface receptors, leading to modulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and possibly other signaling pathways. The N-terminal half of RNF111 harbors three SUMO-interacting motifs (SIMs). It thus functions as a SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase (STUbL) that directly links nonproteolytic ubiquitylation and SUMOylation in the DNA damage response, as well as triggers degradation of signal-induced polysumoylated proteins, such as the promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML). RNF165, also known as Arkadia-like 2, Arkadia2, or Ark2C, is an E3 ubiquitin ligase with homology to the C-terminal half of RNF111. It is expressed specifically in the nervous system, and can serve to amplify neuronal responses to specific signals. It acts as a positive regulator of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-Smad signaling that is involved in motor neuron (MN) axon elongation. Both RNF165 and RNF111 contain a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

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                 ....*....|....*....|.
gi 751368138 240 CAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSH 260
Cdd:cd16474    3 CTICLSDFEEGEDVRRLPCMH 23

PA_ScAPY_like: Protease-associated domain containing proteins like Saccharomyces cerevisiae aminopeptidase Y (ScAPY). This group contains various PA domain-containing proteins similar to the S. cerevisiae APY, including Trichophyton rubrum leucine aminopeptidase 1(LAP1). Proteins in this group belong to the peptidase M28 family. ScAPY hydrolyzes amino acid-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amides (MCAs). ScAPY more rapidly hydrolyzes dipeptidyl-MCAs. Hydrolysis of amino acid-MCAs or dipeptides is stimulated by Co2+ while the hydrolysis of dipeptidyl-MCAs, tripeptides, and longer peptides is inhibited by Co2+. ScAPY is vacuolar and is activated by proteolytic processing. LAP1 is a secreted leucine aminopeptidase. The significance of the PA domain to these proteins has not been ascertained. It may be a protein-protein interaction domain. At peptidase active sites, the PA domain may participate in substrate binding and/or promoting conformational changes, which influence the stability and accessibility of the site to substrate.

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                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 751368138  73 PENACEPIVPPplkDNSSGTfIVLIRRLDCNFDIKVLNAQRAGYKAAIVHNVDSDDLIS 131
Cdd:cd02130   30 PNLGCDAADYP---ASVAGN-IALIERGECPFGDKSALAGAAGAAAAIIYNNVPAGGLS 84

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase BIG BROTHER (BB) and similar proteins; BB (also known as protein ENHANCER OF DA1-1 or EOD1) is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that limits organ size, and possibly seed size, in a dose-dependent manner. It negatively regulates the duration of cell proliferation in leaves and petals independently of the major phytohormones (e.g. auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, brassinosteroids, ethylene, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid), probably by targeting growth stimulators for degradation. It limits the proliferation of root meristematic cells. BB polyubiquitinates DA1. It is involved in the promotion of leaf senescence, in addition to its function in restricting plant growth. BB-related is an E3 ubiquitin-ligase probably involved in organ size regulation. Members of this subfamily contain a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

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gi 751368138 240 CAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSH 260
Cdd:cd23115    7 CVICRLEYEEGEDLLTLPCKH 27

RING-finger-containing ubiquitin ligase [Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones];

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 751368138  35 DILAYNFENASQTFEDLPARfgyrlpAEGLKGFLINSKPENACEPIVPPPLKDNSSGTFIvLIRRLDCNFDIKVLNAQRA 114
Cdd:COG5540   97 DLISGYFGDGDDGREYDETR------IPPPSRDLRGSGRKVRGSARQEVPSVEERNLVDR-CNRRGNETEEDPTRERRRT 169

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 751368138 115 GYKAAIV---HNVDSDDLISMGSNDIDTLKKIDIPSVFIGESSANSLKDEFTYEKG------------------------ 167
Cdd:COG5540  170 RFKGVIRgseRNGETFRLHYMVAPDKVDPRSEGVEDPVTLTTSINVTWDGLGNTYQapsqsaeaqdetgdmfwprlsrfv 249

                        170       180       190       200       210       220       230       240
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 751368138 168 -GHIILVPELSLPLEYYL---------IPFLIIVGICLILIVIFmitkFVQDRHRNRRNRlrKDQLKKLPVHKFKKGDEY 237
Cdd:COG5540  250 gSRGFRVVFPRIPSQELRflfltqskgSRFNIILEIQINFDVGF----YSSSEAIPTTTT--KGSLKPLSIERAVEADKG 323

                        250       260
                 ....*....|....*....|...
gi 751368138 238 DVCAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSH 260
Cdd:COG5540  324 VECAICMSNFIKNDRLRVLPCDH 346

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 130 (RNF130) and similar proteins; RNF130, also known as Goliath homolog (H-Goliath), is a paralog of RNF128, also known as gene related to anergy in lymphocytes protein (GRAIL). It is a transmembrane E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase expressed in leukocytes. It has a self-ubiquitination property, and controls the development of T cell clonal anergy by ubiquitination. RNF130 contains an N-terminal signal peptide, a protease-associated (PA) domain, a transmembrane (TM) domain and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger domain followed by a putative PEST sequence.

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                 ....*....|....*....|...
gi 751368138 238 DVCAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSH 260
Cdd:cd16803    1 DHCAVCIEGYKQNDVVRILPCKH 23

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 215 (RNF215) and similar proteins; This family includes uncharacterized protein RNF215 and similar proteins. Although its biological function remains unclear, RNF215 shares high sequence similarity with PA-TM-RING ubiquitin ligases, which have been characterized by containing an N-terminal signal peptide, a protease-associated (PA) domain, a transmembrane (TM) domain and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

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                 ....*....|....*....|...
gi 751368138 238 DVCAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSH 260
Cdd:cd16670    1 ESCAVCLDQFYKNQCLRVLPCLH 23

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 24 (RNF24) and similar proteins; RNF24 is an intrinsic membrane protein localized in the Golgi apparatus. It specifically interacts with the ankyrin-repeats domains (ARDs) of TRPC1, -3, -4, -5, -6, and -7, and affects TRPC intracellular trafficking without affecting their activity. RNF24 contains an N-terminal transmembrane domain and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

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gi 751368138 238 DVCAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSHG 261
Cdd:cd16675    1 EICAVCLEEFKPKDELGICPCKHA 24

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in protein E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Praja-1, Praja-2, and similar proteins; This family includes two highly similar E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases, Praja-1 and Praja-2. Praja-1, also known as RING finger protein 70, is a RING-H2 finger ubiquitin ligase encoded by gene PJA1, a novel human X chromosome gene abundantly expressed in the brain. It has been implicated in bone and liver development, as well as memory formation and X-linked mental retardation (MRX). Praja-1 interacts with and activates the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH5B, and shows E2-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. It is a 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep)-induced ubiquitin ligase that directly ubiquitinates individual polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) subunits in a cell free system, which leads to their proteasomal degradation. It also plays an important role in neuronal plasticity, which is the basis for learning and memory. Moreover, Praja-1 ubiquitinates embryonic liver fodrin (ELF) and Smad3, but not Smad4, in a transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)-dependent manner. It controls ELF abundance through ubiquitin-mediated degradation, and further regulates TGF-beta signaling, which plays a key role in the suppression of gastric carcinoma. Praja-1 also regulates the transcription function of the homeodomain protein Dlx5 by controlling the stability of Dlxin-1, via a ubiquitin-dependent degradation pathway. Praja-2, also known as RING finger protein 131, NEURODAP1, or KIAA0438, is an E2-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase that interacts with and activates the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH5B. It functions as an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP)-like E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays a critical role in controlling cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent PKA activity and pro-survival signaling, and further promotes cell proliferation and growth. Praja-2 is also involved in protein sorting at the postsynaptic density region of axosomatic synapses and possibly plays a role in synaptic communication and plasticity. Together with the AMPK-related kinase SIK2 and the CDK5 activator CDK5R1/p35, it forms a SIK2-p35-PJA2 complex that plays an essential role for glucose homeostasis in pancreatic beta cell functional compensation. Praja-2 ubiquitylates and degrades Mob, a core component of NDR/LATS kinase and a positive regulator of the tumor-suppressor Hippo signaling. Both Praja-1 and Praja-2 contain a potential nuclear localization signal (NLS) and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 motif.

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gi 751368138 240 CAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSH 260
Cdd:cd16465    2 CPICCSEYVKDEIATELPCHH 22

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 128 (RNF128) and similar proteins; This subfamily includes RING finger proteins RNF128, RNF133, RNF148, and similar proteins, which belong to a larger PA-TM-RING ubiquitin ligase family that has been characterized by containing an N-terminal signal peptide, a protease-associated (PA) domain, a transmembrane (TM) domain and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger followed by a putative PEST sequence. RNF128, also known as gene related to anergy in lymphocytes protein (GRAIL), is a type 1 transmembrane E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is a critical regulator of adaptive immunity and development. It inhibits cytokine gene transcription, is expressed in anergic CD4+ T cells, and has been implicated in primary T cell activation, survival, and differentiation, as well as in T cell anergy and oral tolerance. It induces T cell anergy through the ubiquitination activity of its cytosolic RING finger. It regulates expression of the costimulatory molecule CD40L on CD4 T cells, and ubiquitinates the costimulatory molecule CD40 ligand (CD40L) during the induction of T cell anergy. Moreover, RNF128 interacts with the luminal/extracellular portion of both CD151 and the related tetraspanin CD81 via its PA domain, which promoted ubiquitination of cytosolic lysine residues. It also down-modulates the expression of CD83 (previously described as a cell surface marker for mature dendritic cells) on CD4 T cells. Furthermore, Rho guanine dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI) has been identified as a potential substrate of RNF128, suggesting a role for Rho effector molecules in T cell anergy. In addition, RNF128 plays a role in environmental stress responses. It promotes environmental salinity tolerance in euryhaline tilapia. RNF133 is a testis-specific endoplasmic reticulum-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase that is mainly present in the cytoplasm of elongated spermatids. It may play a role in sperm maturation through an ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. RNF148 is a testis-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase that is abundantly expressed in testes and slightly expressed in pancreas. Its expression is regulated by histone deacetylases.

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                 ....*....|....*....|...
gi 751368138 238 DVCAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSH 260
Cdd:cd16802    1 DSCAVCIEPYKPNDVVRILTCNH 23

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 149 (RNF149) and similar proteins; RNF149, also known as DNA polymerase-transactivated protein 2, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with wild-type v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF), a RING domain-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in control of gene transcription, translation, cytoskeletal organization, cell adhesion, and epithelial development. RNF149 induces the ubiquitination of wild-type BRAF and promotes its proteasome-dependent degradation. Mutated RNF149 has been found in some human breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancers. RNF149 contains an N-terminal signal peptide, a protease-associated (PA) domain, a transmembrane (TM) domain and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger domain followed by a putative PEST sequence.

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                 ....*....|....*....|.
gi 751368138 240 CAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSH 260
Cdd:cd16804    2 CAVCIENYKSKDVVRILPCKH 22

Modified RING-CH finger, H2 subclass (C4HC2H-type), found in the ZNRF family; The ZNRF family includes zinc/RING finger proteins ZNRF1, ZNRF2, and similar proteins. It has been characterized by containing a unique combination of zinc finger-RING finger motifs in the C-terminal region, which is evolutionarily conserved in a wide range of species, including Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila. ZNRF proteins function as E3 ubiquitin ligases and are highly expressed in central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) neurons, particularly during development and in adulthood. ZNRF1 and ZNRF2 are differentially localized within the synaptic region. ZNRF1 is associated with synaptic vesicle membranes, whereas ZNRF2 is present in presynaptic plasma membranes. They are N-myrisotoylated and also located in the endosome-lysosome compartment in fibroblasts. ZNRF proteins may play a role in the establishment and maintenance of neuronal transmission and plasticity via their ubiquitin ligase activity, as well as in regulating Ca2+-dependent exocytosis. The RING fingers found in ZNRF proteins are modified as C4HC2H-type RING-CH finger, rather than the typical C4HC3-type RING-CH finger, which is a variant of the RING-H2 finger.

                         10
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gi 751368138 240 CAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPC 258
Cdd:cd16489    2 CVICLEELEAGDTIARLPC 20

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in DAZ (deleted in azoospermia)-interacting protein 3 (DZIP3) and similar proteins; DZIP3, also known as RNA-binding ubiquitin ligase of 138 kDa (RUL138) or 2A-HUB protein, is an RNA-binding E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) and acts as a transcriptional coactivator of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha. It is also a histone H2A ubiquitin ligase that catalyzes monoubiquitination of H2A at lysine 119, functioning as a combinatorial component of the repression machinery required for repressing a specific chemokine gene expression program, critically modulating migratory responses to Toll-like receptors (TLR) activation. DZIP3 contains a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger at the C-terminus.

                         10        20
                 ....*....|....*....|.
gi 751368138 240 CAICLEEYEDGDKLRILPCSH 260
Cdd:cd16460    3 CVICHEAFSDGDRLLVLPCAH 23