DNA-binding domain of estrogen related receptors (ERR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of estrogen related receptors (ERRs) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. ERR interacts with the palindromic inverted repeat, 5'GGTCAnnnTGACC-3', upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. The estrogen receptor-related receptors (ERRs) are transcriptional regulators, which are closely related to the estrogen receptor (ER) family. Although ERRs lack the ability to bind to estrogen and are so-called orphan receptors, they share target genes, co-regulators and promoters with the estrogen receptor (ER) family. By targeting the same set of genes, ERRs seem to interfere with the classic ER-mediated estrogen response in various ways. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, ERR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 540344538  73 SLPKRLCLVCGDVASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGSIEYSCPASNECEITKRRRKACQACRFTKCLRVGMLKEGVRLD 152
Cdd:cd07170    1 TIPKRLCLVCGDIASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGNIEYSCPATNECEITKRRRKSCQACRFMKCLKVGMLKEGVRLD 80

                         90
                 ....*....|....*.
gi 540344538 153 RVRGGRQKYKRRPEVD 168
Cdd:cd07170   81 RVRGGRQKYKRRIDAE 96

DNA-binding domain of estrogen related receptors (ERR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of estrogen related receptors (ERRs) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. ERR interacts with the palindromic inverted repeat, 5'GGTCAnnnTGACC-3', upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. The estrogen receptor-related receptors (ERRs) are transcriptional regulators, which are closely related to the estrogen receptor (ER) family. Although ERRs lack the ability to bind to estrogen and are so-called orphan receptors, they share target genes, co-regulators and promoters with the estrogen receptor (ER) family. By targeting the same set of genes, ERRs seem to interfere with the classic ER-mediated estrogen response in various ways. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, ERR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 540344538  73 SLPKRLCLVCGDVASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGSIEYSCPASNECEITKRRRKACQACRFTKCLRVGMLKEGVRLD 152
Cdd:cd07170    1 TIPKRLCLVCGDIASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGNIEYSCPATNECEITKRRRKSCQACRFMKCLKVGMLKEGVRLD 80

                         90
                 ....*....|....*.
gi 540344538 153 RVRGGRQKYKRRPEVD 168
Cdd:cd07170   81 RVRGGRQKYKRRIDAE 96

c4 zinc finger in nuclear hormone receptors;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 540344538    78 LCLVCGDVASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGSIEYSCPASNECEITKRRRKACQACRFTKCLRVGMLKE 147
Cdd:smart00399   1 LCCVCGDHASGFHFGVCSCRACKAFFRRTVNLRYKYRCDRKNNCSINKRYRCRCRACRLKKCLGVGMDPE 70

Ligand-binding domain of nuclear hormone receptor; This all helical domain is involved in binding the hormone in these receptors.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 540344538  227 LCDLFDREIVVTISWAKSIPGFSSLSLSDQMSVLQSVWMEVLVLGVAQRSLPLQDELAFAEDLVL--------------- 291
Cdd:pfam00104  16 LCELWERDLLLVAEWAKHFPEFQELPLEDQMALLKSFWLEWLRLEKAARSAKLRRKKILGEDVLMisdddamkfveddss 95

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 540344538  292 ---DEEGARAAGLGELGAALL-QLVRRLQALRLEREEYVLLKALAL--ANSDSVHIEDAEAVEQLREALHEALLEY 361
Cdd:pfam00104  96 wctNYDLEQLLFFLPFFNSYFfELVKPLRELNPDDEELAYLLAQLLfdYAGDGLSGEILEIVEKLQEKLANELHDY 171

The ligand binding domain of estrogen receptor and estrogen receptor-related receptors; The ligand binding domain of estrogen receptor (ER) and estrogen receptor-related receptors (ERRs): Estrogen receptors are a group of receptors which are activated by the hormone estrogen. Estrogen regulates many physiological processes including reproduction, bone integrity, cardiovascular health, and behavior. The main mechanism of action of the estrogen receptor is as a transcription factor by binding to the estrogen response element of target genes upon activation by estrogen and then recruiting coactivator proteins which are responsible for the transcription of target genes. Additionally some ERs may associate with other membrane proteins and can be rapidly activated by exposure of cells to estrogen. ERRs are closely related to the estrogen receptor (ER) family. But, it lacks the ability to bind estrogen. ERRs can interfere with the classic ER-mediated estrogen signaling pathway, positively or negatively. ERRs share target genes, co-regulators and promoters with the estrogen receptor (ER) family. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, ER and ERRs have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 540344538 196 LVSHLLVVEPEKLYAMPDPAGPDGHLPAVATLCDLFDREIVVTISWAKSIPGFSSLSLSDQMSVLQSVWMEVLVLGVAQR 275
Cdd:cd07068    1 LLSALLVAEPDKLYAMNDPTGPDTEVSLLATLSDLADRELVHIISWAKHIPGFSDLSLNDQMHLLQSAWLEILMLGLVWR 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 540344538 276 SLPLQDELAFAEDLVLDEEGARAAGLGELGAALLQLVRRLQALRLEREEYVLLKALALANSDSVHIEDAEAVEQLREALH 355
Cdd:cd07068   81 SLPHPGKLVFAPDLLLDREQARVEGLLEIFDMLLQLVRRFRELGLQREEYVCLKAIILANSDVRHLEDREAVQQLRDAIL 160

                        170       180       190       200       210       220
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 540344538 356 EALLEYEagrAGPGGGAERRRAGRLLLTLPLLRQTAGKVLAHFYGVKLEGKVPMHKLFLEMLEA 419
Cdd:cd07068  161 DALVDVE---AKRHGSQQPRRLAQLLLLLPHLRQASNKGVRHLYSVKCEGKVPMYKLFLEMLEA 221

DNA-binding domain of estrogen receptor (ER) and estrogen related receptors (ERR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domains of estrogen receptor (ER) and estrogen related receptors (ERR) are composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. ER and ERR interact with the palindromic inverted repeat, 5'GGTCAnnnTGACC-3', upstream of the target gene and modulate the rate of transcriptional initiation. ERR and ER are closely related and share sequence similarity, target genes, co-regulators and promoters. While ER is activated by endogenous estrogen, ERR lacks the ability to bind to estrogen. Estrogen receptor mediates the biological effects of hormone estrogen by the binding of the receptor dimer to estrogen response element of target genes. However, ERRs seem to interfere with the classic ER-mediated estrogen responsive signaling by targeting the same set of genes. ERRs and ERs exhibit the common modular structure with other nuclear receptors. They have a central highly conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a non-conserved N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 540344538  79 CLVCGDVASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGSIEYSCPASNECEITKRRRKACQACRFTKCLRVGMLKEGVRLDR 153
Cdd:cd07155    1 CLVCGDIASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGNLGYSCPSTSECEVDKKRRKSCQACRLQKCLKVGMLKEGVRLDR 75

Ligand-binding domain of nuclear receptor family 2; Ligand-binding domain (LBD) of nuclear receptor (NR) family 2: This is one of the major subfamily of nuclear receptors, including some well known nuclear receptors such as glucocorticoid receptor (GR), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and androgen receptor (AR), other related receptors. Nuclear receptors form a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription regulators, which regulate various physiological functions, from development, reproduction, to homeostasis and metabolism in animals (metazoans). The family contains not only receptors for known ligands but also orphan receptors for which ligands do not exist or have not been identified. NRs share a common structural organization with a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 540344538 224 VATLCDLFDREIVVTISWAKSIPGFSSLSLSDQMSVLQSVWMEVLVLGVAQRSLP--LQDELAFAEDLVLDEEGARAAGL 301
Cdd:cd06930    1 PESLCELADRVLFKTVDWAKNLPAFRNLPLDDQLTLLQNSWAELLLLGLAQRSVHfeLSELLLPSPLLVILTEREALLGL 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 540344538 302 GELGAALLQLVRRLQALRLEREEYVLLKALALANSDSVHIEDAEAVEQLREALHEALLEY 361
Cdd:cd06930   81 AELVQRLQELLSKLRSLQLDPKEYACLKAIVLFNPDLPGLKNQQQVEELQEKAQQALQEY 140

Ligand binding domain of Estrogen receptor, which are activated by the hormone 17beta-estradiol (estrogen); The ligand binding domain (LBD) of Estrogen receptor (ER): Estrogen receptor, a member of nuclear receptor superfamily, is activated by the hormone estrogen. Estrogen regulates many physiological processes including reproduction, bone integrity, cardiovascular health, and behavior. The main mechanism of action of the estrogen receptor is as a transcription factor by binding to the estrogen response element of target genes upon activation by estrogen and then recruiting coactivator proteins which are responsible for the transcription of target genes. Additionally some ERs may associate with other membrane proteins and can be rapidly activated by exposure of cells to estrogen. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, ER has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD). The C-terminal LBD also contains AF-2 activation motif, the dimerization motif, and part of the nuclear localization region. Estrogen receptor has been linked to aging, cancer, obesity and other diseases.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 540344538 192 PVNALVSHLLVVEPEKLYAMPDPAGPDGHLPAVATLCDLFDREIVVTISWAKSIPGFSSLSLSDQMSVLQSVWMEVLVLG 271
Cdd:cd06949    2 SAEQLISALLEAEPPHIYSEYDPTRPFTEASLMMLLTNLADRELVHMINWAKKIPGFVDLSLHDQVHLLESAWLELLMLG 81

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 540344538 272 VAQRSLPLQDELAFAEDLVLD-EEGARAAGLGELGAALLQLVRRLQALRLEREEYVLLKALALANS-----DSVHIEDAE 345
Cdd:cd06949   82 LVWRSMEHPGKLLFAPDLLLDrNQGSCVEGMVEIFDMLLATASRFRELQLQREEYVCLKAIILLNSsvytfLLESLESRR 161

                        170       180       190       200       210       220       230
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 540344538 346 AVEQLREALHEALLEYEAGRAGPGGGAERRRAgRLLLTLPLLRQTAGKVLAHFYGVKLEGKVPMHKLFLEMLEA 419
Cdd:cd06949  162 QVQRLLDKITDALVHACSKRGLSLQQQSRRLA-QLLLILSHIRHVSNKGMEHLYSMKCKNVVPLYDLLLEMLDA 234

The DNA-binding domain of Lrh-1 like nuclear receptor family like is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; The DNA-binding domain of Lrh-1 like nuclear receptor family like is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. This domain interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. This nuclear receptor family includes at least three subgroups of receptors that function in embryo development and differentiation, and other processes. FTZ-F1 interacts with the cis-acting DNA motif of ftz gene, which is required at several stages of development. Particularly, FTZ-F1 regulated genes are strongly linked to steroid biosynthesis and sex-determination; LRH-1 is a regulator of bile-acid homeostasis, steroidogenesis, reverse cholesterol transport and the initial stages of embryonic development; SF-1 is an essential regulator of endocrine development and function and is considered a master regulator of reproduction; SF-1 functions cooperatively with other transcription factors to modulate gene expression. Phospholipids have been identified as potential ligand for LRH-1 and steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1). However, the ligand for FTZ-F1 has not yet been identified. Most nuclear receptors function as homodimer or heterodimers. However, LRH-1 and SF-1 bind to DNA as monomers. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, receptors in this family have a central well conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 540344538  79 CLVCGDVASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGSIEYSCPASNECEITKRRRKACQACRFTKCLRVGMLKEGVRLDRVRGGR 158
Cdd:cd07167    1 CPVCGDKVSGYHYGLLTCESCKGFFKRTVQNKKRYTCIENQNCQIDKTQRKRCPYCRFQKCLSVGMKLEAVRADRMRGGR 80

                 ...
gi 540344538 159 QKY 161
Cdd:cd07167   81 NKF 83

DNA-binding domain of thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. TR interacts with the thyroid response element, which is a DNA site with direct repeats of the consensus sequence 5'-AGGTCA-3' separated by one to five base pairs, upstream of target genes and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. Thyroid hormone receptor (TR) mediates the actions of thyroid hormones, which play critical roles in growth, development, and homeostasis in mammals. They regulate overall metabolic rate, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and heart rate, and affect mood. TRs are expressed from two separate genes (alpha and beta) in human and each gene generates two isoforms of the receptor through differential promoter usage or splicing. TRalpha functions in the heart to regulate heart rate and rhythm and TRbeta is active in the liver and other tissues. The unliganded TRs function as transcription repressors, by binding to thyroid hormone response elements (TRE) predominantly as homodimers, or as heterodimers with retinoid X-receptors (RXR), and being associated with a complex of proteins containing corepressor proteins. Ligand binding promotes corepressor dissociation and binding of a coactivator to activate transcription. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, TR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 540344538  78 LCLVCGDVASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGSIEYSCPASNECEITKRRRKACQACRFTKCLRVGMLKEGVRLDRVRGG 157
Cdd:cd06961    1 PCVVCGDKATGYHYRCITCEGCKGFFRRTVQKKLSYSCKGEGKCEIDKVTRNQCQECRFKKCIAVGMAKDLVLDDRKRGA 80

                 ....*
gi 540344538 158 RQKYK 162
Cdd:cd06961   81 KRKLI 85

DNA-binding domain of ecdysone-induced DHR4 orphan nuclear receptor is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of ecdysone-induced DHR4 orphan nuclear receptor is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. This domain interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. Ecdysone-induced orphan receptor DHR4 is a member of the nuclear receptor family. DHR4 is expressed during the early Drosophila larval development and is induced by ecdysone. DHR4 coordinates growth and maturation in Drosophila by mediating endocrine response to the attainment of proper body size during larval development. Mutations in DHR4 result in shorter larval development which translates into smaller and lighter flies. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, DHR4 has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 540344538  77 RLCLVCGDVASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGSIEYSCPASNECEITKRRRKACQACRFTKCLRVGMLKEGVRLDRVRG 156
Cdd:cd07168    7 KLCSICEDKATGLHYGIITCEGCKGFFKRTVQNKRVYTCVGDGRCEITKAQRNRCQYCRFRKCIRKGMMLAAVREDRMPG 86

                 ....
gi 540344538 157 GRQK 160
Cdd:cd07168   87 GRNS 90

DNA-binding domain of the orphan nuclear receptor, nerve growth factor-induced-B; DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the orphan nuclear receptor, nerve growth factor-induced-B (NGFI-B) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. NGFI-B interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. NGFI-B is a member of the nuclear-steroid receptor superfamily. NGFI-B is classified as an orphan receptor because no ligand has yet been identified. NGFI-B is an early immediate gene product of embryo development that is rapidly produced in response to a variety of cellular signals including nerve growth factor. It is involved in T-cell-mediated apoptosis, as well as neuronal differentiation and function. NGFI-B regulates transcription by binding to a specific DNA target upstream of its target genes and regulating the rate of transcriptional initiation. NGFI-B binds to the NGFI-B response element (NBRE) 5'-(A/T)AAAGGTCA as a monomer. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, NGFI-B has a central well-conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 540344538  78 LCLVCGDVASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGSIEYSCPASNECEITKRRRKACQACRFTKCLRVGMLKEGVR 150
Cdd:cd06969    2 LCAVCGDNAACQHYGVRTCEGCKGFFKRTVQKNAKYVCLANKNCPVDKRRRNRCQYCRFQKCLQVGMVKEVVR 74

The DNA-binding domain of vitamin D receptors (VDR) like nuclear receptor family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; The DNA-binding domain of vitamin D receptors (VDR) like nuclear receptor family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. This domain interacts with specific DNA site upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. This family includes three types of nuclear receptors: vitamin D receptors (VDR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR). VDR regulates calcium metabolism, cellular proliferation and differentiation. PXR and CAR function as sensors of toxic byproducts of cell metabolism and of exogenous chemicals, to facilitate their elimination. The DNA binding activity is regulated by their corresponding ligands. VDR is activated by Vitamin D; CAR and PXR respond to a diverse array of chemically distinct ligands, including many endogenous compounds and clinical drugs. Like other nuclear receptors, xenobiotic receptors have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 540344538  79 CLVCGDVASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGSIEYSCPASNECEITKRRRKACQACRFTKCLRVGMLKE 147
Cdd:cd07156    1 CGVCGDRATGYHFNAMTCEGCKGFFRRSMKRKARFTCPFNGDCEITKDNRRHCQACRLKKCLDIGMKKE 69

DNA-binding domain of Drosophila ecdysone-induced protein 78 (E78) like is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of proteins similar to Drosophila ecdysone-induced protein 78 (E78) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. E78 interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. Drosophila ecdysone-induced protein 78 (E78) is a transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. E78 is a product of the ecdysone-inducible gene found in an early late puff locus at position 78C during the onset of Drosophila metamorphosis. An E78 orthologue from the Platyhelminth Schistosoma mansoni (SmE78) has also been identified. It is the first E78 orthologue known outside of the molting animals--the Ecdysozoa. The SmE78 may be involved in transduction of an ecdysone signal in S. mansoni, consistent with its function in Drosophila. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, E78-like receptors have a central well conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 540344538  79 CLVCGDVASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGSIEYSCPASNECEITKRRRKACQACRFTKCLRVGMLKEGVRLDRVR 155
Cdd:cd07165    1 CKVCGDKASGYHYGVTSCEGCKGFFRRSIQKQIEYRCLRDGKCEIIRLNRNRCQYCRFKKCLAAGMSKDSVRYGRIP 77

DNA-binding domain of REV-ERB receptor-like is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of REV-ERB receptor- like is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. This domain interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. REV-ERB receptors are transcriptional regulators belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. They regulate a number of physiological functions including the circadian rhythm, lipid metabolism, and cellular differentiation. REV-ERB receptors bind as a monomer to a (A/G)GGTCA half-site with a 5' AT-rich extension or as a homodimer to a direct repeat 2 element (AGGTCA sequence with a 2-bp spacer), indicating functional diversity. When bound to the DNA, they recruit corepressors (NcoR/histone deacetylase 3) to the promoter, resulting in repression of the target genes. The porphyrin heme has been demonstrated to function as a ligand for REV-ERB receptor. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, REV-ERB receptors have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 540344538  78 LCLVCGDVASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGSIEY-SCPASNECEITKRRRKACQACRFTKCLRVGMLKEGVRLDRV 154
Cdd:cd07166    5 LCKVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRSIQQKIQYrKCTKNETCSIMRINRNRCQYCRFKKCLAVGMSRDAVRFGRI 82

The second DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the 2DBD nuclear receptor is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; The second DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the 2DBD nuclear receptor (NR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. NRs interact with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulate the rate of transcriptional initiation. The proteins contain two DBDs in tandem, probably resulting from an ancient recombination event. The 2DBD-NRs are found only in flatworm species, mollusks and arthropods. Their biological function is unknown.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 540344538  79 CLVCGDVASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGSIEYSCPASNECEITKRRRKACQACRFTKCLRVGMLKEGVRL 151
Cdd:cd07179    1 CRVCGGKSSGFHFGALTCEGCKGFFRRTELSSNSYVCPGGQNCAITPATRNACKSCRFRRCLAVGMSKTGSRI 73

DNA-binding domain of retinoid X receptor (RXR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of retinoid X receptor (RXR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. RXR functions as a DNA binding partner by forming heterodimers with other nuclear receptors including CAR, FXR, LXR, PPAR, PXR, RAR, TR, and VDR. All RXR heterodimers preferentially bind response elements composed of direct repeats of two AGGTCA sites with a 1-5 bp spacer. RXRs can play different roles in these heterodimers. RXR acts either as a structural component of the heterodimer complex, required for DNA binding but not acting as a receptor, or as both a structural and a functional component of the heterodimer, allowing 9-cis RA to signal through the corresponding heterodimer. In addition, RXR can also form homodimers, functioning as a receptor for 9-cis RA, independently of other nuclear receptors. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, RXR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 540344538  78 LCLVCGDVASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGSIEYSCPASNECEITKRRRKACQACRFTKCLRVGMLKEGVRLDR 153
Cdd:cd06956    2 ICAICGDRASGKHYGVYSCEGCKGFFKRTVRKDLTYTCRDNKDCLIDKRQRNRCQYCRYQKCLAMGMKREAVQEER 77

DNA-binding domain of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factors (COUP-TFs) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factors (COUP-TFs) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. COUP-TFs are orphan members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. They are expressed in many tissues and are involved in the regulation of several important biological processes, such as neurogenesis, organogenesis, cell fate determination, and metabolic homeostasis. COUP-TFs homodimerize or heterodimerize with retinoid X receptor (RXR) and a few other nuclear receptors and bind to a variety of response elements that are composed of imperfect AGGTCA direct or inverted repeats with various spacings. COUP-TFs are generally considered to be repressors of transcription for other nuclear hormone receptors such as retinoic acid receptor (RAR), thyroid hormone receptor (TR), vitamin D receptor (VDR), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR), and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4). Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, COUP-TFs have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 540344538  79 CLVCGDVASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGSIEYSCPASNECEITKRRRKACQACRFTKCLRVGMLKEGVR 150
Cdd:cd06958    1 CVVCGDKSSGKHYGQFTCEGCKSFFKRSVRRNLTYTCRGNRNCPIDQHHRNQCQYCRLKKCLKVGMRREAVQ 72

Ligand-binding domain of nuclear hormone receptor; This all helical domain is involved in binding the hormone in these receptors.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 540344538  227 LCDLFDREIVVTISWAKSIPGFSSLSLSDQMSVLQSVWMEVLVLGVAQRSLPLQDELAFAEDLVL--------------- 291
Cdd:pfam00104  16 LCELWERDLLLVAEWAKHFPEFQELPLEDQMALLKSFWLEWLRLEKAARSAKLRRKKILGEDVLMisdddamkfveddss 95

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 540344538  292 ---DEEGARAAGLGELGAALL-QLVRRLQALRLEREEYVLLKALAL--ANSDSVHIEDAEAVEQLREALHEALLEY 361
Cdd:pfam00104  96 wctNYDLEQLLFFLPFFNSYFfELVKPLRELNPDDEELAYLLAQLLfdYAGDGLSGEILEIVEKLQEKLANELHDY 171

The DNA-binding domain of the photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR) nuclear receptor-like family; The DNA-binding domain of the photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR) nuclear receptor-like family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. PNR interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. This family includes nuclear receptor Tailless (TLX), photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR) and related receptors. TLX is an orphan receptor that plays a key role in neural development by regulating cell cycle progression and exit of neural stem cells in the developing brain. PNR is expressed only in the outer layer of retinal photoreceptor cells. It may be involved in the signaling pathway regulating photoreceptor differentiation and/or maintenance. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, PNR-like receptors have a central well-conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

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                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 540344538  79 CLVCGDVASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGSIEYSCPASN-ECEITKRRRKACQACRFTKCLRVGMLKEGVR 150
Cdd:cd07154    1 CKVCGDRSSGKHYGVYACDGCSGFFKRSIRRNLLYTCKAGNgSCVVDKARRNQCQACRLKKCLEVSMNKDAVQ 73

DNA-binding domain of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domains of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and progesterone receptor (PR) are composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinate a single zinc atom. The DBD from both receptors interact with the same hormone response element (HRE), which is an imperfect palindrome GGTACAnnnTGTTCT, upstream of target genes and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. GR is a transcriptional regulator that mediates the biological effects of glucocorticoids and PR regulates genes controlled by progesterone. GR is expressed in almost every cell in the body and regulates genes controlling a wide variety of processes including the development, metabolism, and immune response of the organism. PR functions in a variety of biological processes including development of the mammary gland, regulating cell cycle progression, protein processing, and metabolism. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, GR and PR have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

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                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 540344538  75 PKRLCLVCGDVASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGSIEYSCPASNECEITKRRRKACQACRFTKCLRVGMLKEGVRL 151
Cdd:cd07172    1 PQKICLVCSDEASGCHYGVLTCGSCKVFFKRAVEGQHNYLCAGRNDCIIDKIRRKNCPACRLRKCLQAGMNLGARKT 77

DNA-binding domain of Ecdysone receptor (ECR) family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of Ecdysone receptor (EcR) family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. EcR interacts with highly degenerate pseudo-palindromic response elements, resembling inverted repeats of 5'-AGGTCA-3' separated by 1 bp, upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. EcR is present only in invertebrates and regulates the expression of a large number of genes during development and reproduction. EcR functions as a heterodimer by partnering with ultraspiracle protein (USP), the ortholog of the vertebrate retinoid X receptor (RXR). The natural ligands of EcR are ecdysteroids, the endogenous steroidal hormones found in invertebrates. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, EcRs have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

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                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 540344538  78 LCLVCGDVASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGSIEYSCPASNECEITKRRRKACQACRFTKCLRVGMLKEGVRLDrvrgG 157
Cdd:cd07161    3 LCLVCGDRASGYHYNALTCEGCKGFFRRSVTKSAVYHCKYGRACEMDMYMRRKCQECRLKKCLSVGMRPECVVPE----S 78

                 ....*....
gi 540344538 158 RQKYKRRPE 166
Cdd:cd07161   79 QCAIKRREK 87

Ligand binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor, a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily; The ligand binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR): GR is a ligand-activated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. It binds with high affinity to cortisol and other glucocorticoids. GR is expressed in almost every cell in the body and regulates genes controlling a wide variety of processes including the development, metabolism, and immune response of the organism. In the absence of hormone, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is complexes with a variety of heat shock proteins in the cytosol. The binding of the glucocorticoids results in release of the heat shock proteins and transforms it to its active state. One mechanism of action of GR is by direct activation of gene transcription. The activated form of GR forms dimers, translocates into the nucleus, and binds to specific hormone responsive elements, activating gene transcription. GR can also function as a repressor of other gene transcription activators, such as NF-kappaB and AF-1 by directly binding to them, and bloc king the expression of their activated genes. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, GR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD). The LBD also functions for dimerization and chaperone protein association.

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                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 540344538 196 LVSHLLVVEPEKLYAMPDPAGPDGHLPAVATLCDLFDREIVVTISWAKSIPGFSSLSLSDQMSVLQSVWMEVLVLGVAQR 275
Cdd:cd07076    2 LVSLLEVIEPEVLYSGYDSSVPDSTWRIMSTLNMLGGRQVVAAVKWAKAIPGFRNLHLDDQMTLLQYSWMFLMAFALGWR 81

                         90       100       110       120       130       140
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 540344538 276 SLPLQDE--LAFAEDLVLDEEGARAAGLGELGAALLQLVRRLQALRLEREEYVLLKALALANS 336
Cdd:cd07076   82 SYRQSNGnlLCFAPDLIINEQRMTLPCMYDQCKHMLYVSSELHRLQVSYEEYLCMKTLLLLST 144

DNA-binding domain of androgen receptor (AR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of androgen receptor (AR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. To regulate gene expression, AR interacts with a palindrome of the core sequence 5'-TGTTCT-3' with a 3-bp spacer. It also binds to the direct repeat 5'-TGTTCT-3' hexamer in some androgen controlled genes. AR is activated by the androgenic hormones, testosterone or dihydrotestosterone, which are responsible for primary and for secondary male characteristics, respectively. The primary mechanism of action of ARs is by direct regulation of gene transcription. The binding of androgen results in a conformational change in the androgen receptor which causes its transport from the cytosol into the cell nucleus, and dimerization. The receptor dimer binds to a hormone response element of AR regulated genes and modulates their expression. Another mode of action of androgen receptor is independent of their interactions with DNA. The receptor interacts directly with signal transduction proteins in the cytoplasm, causing rapid changes in cell function, such as ion transport. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, AR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 540344538  75 PKRLCLVCGDVASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGSIEYSCPASNECEITKRRRKACQACRFTKCLRVGMLKEGVRLDRV 154
Cdd:cd07173    2 PQKTCLICGDEASGCHYGALTCGSCKVFFKRAAEGKQKYLCASRNDCTIDKFRRKNCPSCRLRKCFEAGMTLGARKLKKL 81

                 .
gi 540344538 155 R 155
Cdd:cd07173   82 G 82

DNA-binding domain of Tailless (TLX) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of Tailless (TLX) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. TLX interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. TLX is an orphan receptor that is expressed by neural stem/progenitor cells in the adult brain of the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus (DG). It plays a key role in neural development by promoting cell cycle progression and preventing apoptosis in the developing brain. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, TLX has a central well conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 540344538  79 CLVCGDVASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGSIEYSCPASNE--CEITKRRRKACQACRFTKCLRVGMLKEGVRLDR 153
Cdd:cd07163    9 CKVCGDRSSGKHYGIYACDGCSGFFKRSIRRNRQYVCKSKGQggCPVDKTHRNQCRACRLKKCFEVGMNKDAVQHER 85

Ligand binding domain of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factors, a member of the nuclear receptor family; The ligand binding domain of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factors (COUP-TFs): COUP-TFs are orphan members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. They are expressed in many tissues and are involved in the regulation of several important biological processes, such as neurogenesis, organogenesis, cell fate determination, and metabolic homeostasis. In mammals two isoforms named COUP-TFI and COUP-TFII have been identified. Both genes show an exceptional homology and overlapping expression patterns, suggesting that they may serve redundant functions. Although COUP-TF was originally characterized as a transcriptional activator of the chicken ovalbumin gene, COUP-TFs are generally considered to be repressors of transcription for other nuclear hormone receptors, such as retinoic acid receptor (RAR), thyroid hormone receptor (TR), vitamin D receptor (VDR), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR), and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4). Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, COUP-TFs have a central well cons erved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 540344538 192 PVNALVSHLLVVEPEKLYAMPDPAGPDGhLPAVATLCDLFDREIVVTISWAKSIPGFSSLSLSDQMSVLQSVWMEVLVLG 271
Cdd:cd06948    1 YLSSYISLLLRAEPYPTSRYGSQCQPNN-IMGIDNICELAARLLFSAVEWARNIPFFPDLQVTDQVALLRLSWSELFVLN 79

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 540344538 272 VAQRSLPLQ-DELAFAEDLVLDEEGARAAGLGELGAALLQ-LVRRLQALRLEREEYVLLKALALANSDSVHIEDAEAVEQ 349
Cdd:cd06948   80 AAQCCMPLHvAPLLAAAGLHASPMSADRVVAFMDHIRIFQeQVEKLKALHVDSAEFSCLKAIVLFTSDACGLSDPAHIES 159

                        170       180       190       200       210       220
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 540344538 350 LREALHEALLEYeagrAGPGGGAERRRAGRLLLTLPLLRQTAGKVLAHFYGVKLEGKVPMHKLFLEML 417
Cdd:cd06948  160 LQEKSQCALEEY----VRTQYPNQPTRFGKLLLRLPSLRTVSSSVIEQLFFVRLVGKTPIETLIRDML 223

DNA-binding domain of the photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of the photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. PNR interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. PNR is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of the ligand-activated transcription factors. PNR is expressed only in the outer layer of retinal photoreceptor cells. It may be involved in the signaling pathway regulating photoreceptor differentiation and/or maintenance. It most likely binds to DNA as a homodimer. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, PNR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

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                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 540344538  75 PKRLCLVCGDVASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGSIEYSCPA-SNECEITKRRRKACQACRFTKCLRVGMLKEGVRLDR 153
Cdd:cd06970    5 PGLLCRVCGDTSSGKHYGIYACNGCSGFFKRSVRRKLIYRCQAgTGMCPVDKAHRNQCQACRLKKCLQAGMNKDAVQNER 84

DNA-binding domain of Liver X receptors (LXRs) family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of Liver X receptors (LXRs) family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. LXR interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. LXR operates as cholesterol sensor which protects cells from cholesterol overload by stimulating reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral tissues to the liver and its excretion in the bile. Oxidized cholesterol derivatives or oxysterols were identified as specific ligands for LXRs. LXR functions as a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) which may be activated by either LXR agonist or 9-cis retinoic acid, a specific RXR ligand. The LXR/RXR complex binds to a liver X receptor response element (LXRE) in the promoter region of target genes. The ideal LXRE sequence is a direct repeat-4 (DR-4) DNA fragment consisting of two AGGTCA hexameric half-sites separated by a 4-nucleotide spacer. LXR has typical NR modular structure with a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and the ligand binding domain (LBD) at the C-terminal.

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                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 540344538  74 LPKRLCLVCGDVASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGSIEYSCPASNECEITKRRRKACQACRFTKCLRVGMLKEGV 149
Cdd:cd07160   16 LGNEVCSVCGDKASGFHYNVLSCEGCKGFFRRSVIKGAQYVCKNGGKCQMDMYMRRKCQECRLRKCREAGMREQCV 91