Bromodomain; tif1_like subfamily. Tif1 (transcription intermediary factor 1) is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family, which is characterized by a particular domain architecture. It functions by recruiting coactivators and/or corepressors to modulate transcription. Vertebrate Tif1-gamma, also labeled E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM33, plays a role in the control of hematopoiesis. Its homologue in Xenopus laevis, Ectodermin, has been shown to function in germ-layer specification and control of cell growth during embryogenesis. Bromodomains are 110 amino acid long domains, that are found in many chromatin associated proteins. Bromodomains can interact specifically with acetylated lysine.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442620097  949 LSALELRILQRICLELYCQyEQSLNFREPESPANTSYYEIVSSPMSLDVIRTRLDPSSPNHYKDIAGFVSDVRLIFSNTY 1028
Cdd:cd05502     1 LSPIDQRKCERLLLELYCH-ELSLPFHEPVSPSVPNYYKIIKTPMDLSLIRKKLQPKSPQHYSSPEEFVADVRLMFKNCY 79

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442620097 1029 LFYQEDTKTYSNAKYLENFFEEQLAKWLPQ 1058
Cdd:cd05502    80 KFNEEDSEVAQAGKELELFFEEQLKEILPD 109

B-box-type 1 zinc finger found in transcription intermediary factor 1 (TIF1) family; This family corresponds to the TIF1 family of transcriptional cofactors including TIF1-alpha (TRIM24), TIF1-beta (TRIM28), and TIF1-gamma (TRIM33), which belongs to the C-VI subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a plant homeodomain (PHD), and a bromodomain (Bromo) positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 1 B-box (Bbox1) zinc finger is characterized by a C6H2 zinc-binding consensus motif. TIF1 proteins couple chromatin modifications to transcriptional regulation, signaling, and tumor suppression. They exert a deacetylase-dependent silencing effect when tethered to a promoter region. TIF1-alpha and TIF1-beta can homodimerize and contain a PXVXL motif necessary and sufficient for heterochromatin protein 1(HP1) binding. They bind nuclear receptors and Kruppel-associated boxes (KRAB) specifically and respectively. TIF1-gamma is structurally closely related to TIF1-alpha and TIF1-beta, but has very little functional features in common with them. It does not interact with the KRAB silencing domain of KOX1 or the heterochromatinic proteins HP1alpha, beta and gamma. It cannot bind to nuclear receptors (NRs).

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 442620097  177 QCSSCSDGAVATSWCVDCSEYICDSCVQAHQRLKITKDHTIKPK 220
Cdd:cd19805     1 VCTSCEDNAPATSFCVECSEWLCDTCVQAHQRVKVTKDHTIRSK 44

PHD finger found in the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 (TIF1) family and similar proteins; The TIF1 family of transcriptional cofactors includes TIF1alpha (TRIM24), TIF1beta (TRIM28), TIF1gamma (TRIM33), and TIF1delta (TRIM66), which are characterized by an N-terminal RING-finger B-box coiled-coil (RBCC/TRIM) motif and plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a bromodomain in the C-terminal region. TIF1 proteins couple chromatin modifications to transcriptional regulation, signaling, and tumor suppression. They exert a deacetylase-dependent silencing effect when tethered to a promoter region. TIF1alpha, TIF1beta, and TIF1delta can homodimerize and contain a PXVXL motif necessary and sufficient for heterochromatin protein 1(HP1) binding. TIF1alpha and TIF1beta bind nuclear receptors and Kruppel-associated boxes (KRAB) specifically and respectively. In contrast, TIF1delta appears to lack nuclear receptor- and KRAB-binding activity. Moreover, TIF1delta is specifically involved in heterochromatin-mediated gene silencing during postmeiotic phases of spermatogenesis. TIF1gamma is structurally closely related to TIF1alpha and TIF1beta, but has very little functional features in common with them. It does not interact with the KRAB silencing domain of KOX1 or the heterochromatinic proteins HP1alpha, beta, and gamma. It cannot bind to nuclear receptors (NRs). This family also includes Sp100/Sp140 family proteins, the nuclear body SP100 and SP140. Sp110 is a leukocyte-specific component of the nuclear body. It may function as a nuclear hormone receptor transcriptional coactivator that may play a role in inducing differentiation of myeloid cells. It is also involved in resisting intracellular pathogens and functions as an important drug target for preventing intracellular pathogen diseases, such as tuberculosis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, and intracellular cancers. SP140 is an interferon inducible nuclear leukocyte-specific protein involved in primary biliary cirrhosis and a risk factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It is also implicated in innate immune response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by binding to the virus viral infectivity factor (Vif) protein. Both Sp110 and Sp140 contain a SAND domain, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, and a bromodomain (BRD).

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 442620097  885 WCAVCLDGGELMCCDKCPKVFHQNCHIPAISSLPdeSESWQCLLC 929
Cdd:cd15541     1 WCAVCQNGGELLCCDKCPRVFHLDCHIPPIPEFP--SGEWSCSLC 43

RING finger (Really Interesting New Gene) domain and U-box domain superfamily; The RING finger is a specialized type of Zn-finger of 40 to 60 residues that binds two atoms of zinc. It is defined by the "cross-brace" motif that chelates zinc atoms by eight amino acid residues, typically Cys or His, arranged in a characteristic spacing. Canonical RING motifs have been categorized into two major subclasses, RING-HC (C3HC4-type) and RING-H2 (C3H2C3-type), according to their Cys/His content. There are also many variants of RING fingers: some have different Cys/His patterns while some lack a single Cys or His residue at typical Zn ligand positions (the fourth or eighth zinc ligand is prevalently exchanged for an Asp, which can indeed chelate Zn in a RING finger as well). C4C4-, C3HC3D-, C2H2C4-, and C3HC5-type RING fingers are closely related to RING-HC fingers. In contrast, C4HC3- (RING-CH alias RINGv), C3H3C2-, C3H2C2D-, C3DHC3-, and C4HC2H-type RING fingers are more closely related to RING-H2 fingers. However, not all RING finger-containing proteins display regular RING finger features, and the RING finger family has turned out to be multifarious. The degenerate RING fingers of the Siz/PIAS RING (SP-RING) family proteins and sporulation protein RMD5, are characterized by lacking the second, fifth, and sixth Zn2+ ion-coordinating residues. They bind only one Zn2+ ion. On the other hand, the RING fingers of the human APC11 and RBX1 proteins can bind a third Zn atom since they harbor four additional Zn ligands. U-box is a modified form of the RING finger domain that lacks metal chelating Cys and His residues. It resembles the cross-brace RING structure consisting of three beta-sheets and a single alpha-helix, which would be stabilized by salt bridges instead of chelated metal ions. U-box proteins are widely distributed among eukaryotic organisms and show a higher prevalence in plants than in other organisms. RING finger/U-box-containing proteins are a group of diverse proteins with a variety of cellular functions, including oncogenesis, development, viral replication, signal transduction, the cell cycle and apoptosis. Many of them are ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s) that serve as scaffolds for binding to ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s, also referred to as ubiquitin carrier proteins or UBCs) in close proximity to substrate proteins, which enable efficient transfer of ubiquitin from E2 to the substrates.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 442620097   92 SNDRPKLLECLHVACAQCVStKFSELDRSLPPLIHCPVC 130
Cdd:cd16555    14 RQRRPKVLECCHRVCAKCLY-KIVDLGDSSPSVLVCPFC 51

Bromodomain; tif1_like subfamily. Tif1 (transcription intermediary factor 1) is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family, which is characterized by a particular domain architecture. It functions by recruiting coactivators and/or corepressors to modulate transcription. Vertebrate Tif1-gamma, also labeled E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM33, plays a role in the control of hematopoiesis. Its homologue in Xenopus laevis, Ectodermin, has been shown to function in germ-layer specification and control of cell growth during embryogenesis. Bromodomains are 110 amino acid long domains, that are found in many chromatin associated proteins. Bromodomains can interact specifically with acetylated lysine.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442620097  949 LSALELRILQRICLELYCQyEQSLNFREPESPANTSYYEIVSSPMSLDVIRTRLDPSSPNHYKDIAGFVSDVRLIFSNTY 1028
Cdd:cd05502     1 LSPIDQRKCERLLLELYCH-ELSLPFHEPVSPSVPNYYKIIKTPMDLSLIRKKLQPKSPQHYSSPEEFVADVRLMFKNCY 79

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442620097 1029 LFYQEDTKTYSNAKYLENFFEEQLAKWLPQ 1058
Cdd:cd05502    80 KFNEEDSEVAQAGKELELFFEEQLKEILPD 109

B-box-type 1 zinc finger found in transcription intermediary factor 1 (TIF1) family; This family corresponds to the TIF1 family of transcriptional cofactors including TIF1-alpha (TRIM24), TIF1-beta (TRIM28), and TIF1-gamma (TRIM33), which belongs to the C-VI subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a plant homeodomain (PHD), and a bromodomain (Bromo) positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 1 B-box (Bbox1) zinc finger is characterized by a C6H2 zinc-binding consensus motif. TIF1 proteins couple chromatin modifications to transcriptional regulation, signaling, and tumor suppression. They exert a deacetylase-dependent silencing effect when tethered to a promoter region. TIF1-alpha and TIF1-beta can homodimerize and contain a PXVXL motif necessary and sufficient for heterochromatin protein 1(HP1) binding. They bind nuclear receptors and Kruppel-associated boxes (KRAB) specifically and respectively. TIF1-gamma is structurally closely related to TIF1-alpha and TIF1-beta, but has very little functional features in common with them. It does not interact with the KRAB silencing domain of KOX1 or the heterochromatinic proteins HP1alpha, beta and gamma. It cannot bind to nuclear receptors (NRs).

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 442620097  177 QCSSCSDGAVATSWCVDCSEYICDSCVQAHQRLKITKDHTIKPK 220
Cdd:cd19805     1 VCTSCEDNAPATSFCVECSEWLCDTCVQAHQRVKVTKDHTIRSK 44

bromo domain;

                            10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442620097    953 ELRILQRICLELYCQ---YEQSLNFREPESPANTS-YYEIVSSPMSLDVIRTRLDPsspNHYKDIAGFVSDVRLIFSNTY 1028
Cdd:smart00297    4 LQKKLQELLKAVLDKldsHPLSWPFLKPVSRKEAPdYYDIIKKPMDLKTIKKKLEN---GKYSSVEEFVADFNLMFSNAR 80

                            90       100
                    ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 442620097   1029 LFYQEDTKTYSNAKYLENFFEEQLAK 1054
Cdd:smart00297   81 TYNGPDSEVYKDAKKLEKFFEKKLRE 106

B-Box-type zinc finger;

                            10        20        30
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 442620097    239 MCQLHPQEKLSLFCETCDKLTCRDCQLSDHRDHKYKF 275
Cdd:smart00336    5 KCDSHGDEPAEFFCEECGALLCRTCDEAEHRGHTVVL 41

PHD-finger; PHD folds into an interleaved type of Zn-finger chelating 2 Zn ions in a similar manner to that of the RING and FYVE domains. Several PHD fingers have been identified as binding modules of methylated histone H3.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442620097   885 WCAVCL---DGGELMCCDKCPKVFHQNCHIPAISSLPDESESWQCLLCVN 931
Cdd:pfam00628    1 YCAVCGksdDGGELVQCDGCDDWFHLACLGPPLDPAEIPSGEWLCPECKP 50

Transcription factor involved in chromatin remodeling, contains bromodomain [Chromatin structure and dynamics / Transcription];

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 442620097  985 YYEIVSSPMSLDVIRTRLdpsSPNHYKDIAGFVSDVRLIFSNTYLFYQEDTKTYSNAKYLENFFEEQLAKW 1055
Cdd:COG5076   181 YYEIIKSPMDLLTIQKKL---KNGRYKSFEEFVSDLNLMFDNCKLYNGPDSSVYVDAKELEKYFLKLIEEI 248

coiled-coil (CC) domain of Drosophila brain tumor (brat) and similar proteins; This family contains the coiled-coil (CC) region of Drosophila brain tumor (Brat), a translational repressor that belongs to the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein superfamily. TRIM proteins play important roles in various cellular processes and are involved in many diseases which consists of two B-box domains and a coiled-coil (CC) domain at the N-terminal region, and an NHL domain at the C-terminus. Brat localizes at the basal cortex during asymmetric division of Drosophila neuroblasts by directly interacting with the scaffolding protein Miranda (Mira), which it does through the CC-NHL domain tandem, indicating that the function of the Brat CC domain is to assemble Brat-NHL in dimeric form which is necessary for Mira binding. Brat CC forms an elongated antiparallel dimer similar to its other TRIM protein counterparts, but the overall length of Brat CC dimer is shorter than the TRIMs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442620097  286 ALSTLVSEINYKRFLLSSATKVIDDRQQLIHDKKKDLIKEITAMAVKITNTVNTRGKQLIMRLNEVCDSKLKVLVEKKET 365
Cdd:cd20482     4 SLQQLLEEARAKIPELRDALKNVEHALSRLQMQYHKAQNEINETFQFYRSMLEERKDELLKELESIYNAKQLSLNEQQQK 83

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 442620097  366 LQLLSDNTDHCIDFMQNALEKGSDFAILSSKKSLVRHLQ 404
Cdd:cd20482    84 LQETIEKIQQGCEFTERLLKHGSETEVLLFKKLLEARLQ 122

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 182 (RNF182) and similar proteins; RNF182 is a brain-enriched E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that stimulates E2-dependent polyubiquitination in vitro. It is upregulated in Alzheimer"s disease (AD) brains and neuronal cells exposed to injurious insults. It interacts with ATP6V0C and promotes its degradation by the ubiquitin-proteosome pathway, suggesting a very specific role in controlling the turnover of an essential component of the neurotransmitter release machinery. RNF182 contains an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, and a C-terminal transmembrane domain.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 442620097   92 SNDRPKLLECLHVACAQCVStKFSELDRSLPPLIHCPVC 130
Cdd:cd16555    14 RQRRPKVLECCHRVCAKCLY-KIVDLGDSSPSVLVCPFC 51

Bromodomain; tif1_like subfamily. Tif1 (transcription intermediary factor 1) is a member of the tripartite motif (TRIM) protein family, which is characterized by a particular domain architecture. It functions by recruiting coactivators and/or corepressors to modulate transcription. Vertebrate Tif1-gamma, also labeled E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM33, plays a role in the control of hematopoiesis. Its homologue in Xenopus laevis, Ectodermin, has been shown to function in germ-layer specification and control of cell growth during embryogenesis. Bromodomains are 110 amino acid long domains, that are found in many chromatin associated proteins. Bromodomains can interact specifically with acetylated lysine.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442620097  949 LSALELRILQRICLELYCQyEQSLNFREPESPANTSYYEIVSSPMSLDVIRTRLDPSSPNHYKDIAGFVSDVRLIFSNTY 1028
Cdd:cd05502     1 LSPIDQRKCERLLLELYCH-ELSLPFHEPVSPSVPNYYKIIKTPMDLSLIRKKLQPKSPQHYSSPEEFVADVRLMFKNCY 79

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442620097 1029 LFYQEDTKTYSNAKYLENFFEEQLAKWLPQ 1058
Cdd:cd05502    80 KFNEEDSEVAQAGKELELFFEEQLKEILPD 109

B-box-type 1 zinc finger found in transcription intermediary factor 1 (TIF1) family; This family corresponds to the TIF1 family of transcriptional cofactors including TIF1-alpha (TRIM24), TIF1-beta (TRIM28), and TIF1-gamma (TRIM33), which belongs to the C-VI subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a plant homeodomain (PHD), and a bromodomain (Bromo) positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 1 B-box (Bbox1) zinc finger is characterized by a C6H2 zinc-binding consensus motif. TIF1 proteins couple chromatin modifications to transcriptional regulation, signaling, and tumor suppression. They exert a deacetylase-dependent silencing effect when tethered to a promoter region. TIF1-alpha and TIF1-beta can homodimerize and contain a PXVXL motif necessary and sufficient for heterochromatin protein 1(HP1) binding. They bind nuclear receptors and Kruppel-associated boxes (KRAB) specifically and respectively. TIF1-gamma is structurally closely related to TIF1-alpha and TIF1-beta, but has very little functional features in common with them. It does not interact with the KRAB silencing domain of KOX1 or the heterochromatinic proteins HP1alpha, beta and gamma. It cannot bind to nuclear receptors (NRs).

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 442620097  177 QCSSCSDGAVATSWCVDCSEYICDSCVQAHQRLKITKDHTIKPK 220
Cdd:cd19805     1 VCTSCEDNAPATSFCVECSEWLCDTCVQAHQRVKVTKDHTIRSK 44

bromo domain;

                            10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442620097    953 ELRILQRICLELYCQ---YEQSLNFREPESPANTS-YYEIVSSPMSLDVIRTRLDPsspNHYKDIAGFVSDVRLIFSNTY 1028
Cdd:smart00297    4 LQKKLQELLKAVLDKldsHPLSWPFLKPVSRKEAPdYYDIIKKPMDLKTIKKKLEN---GKYSSVEEFVADFNLMFSNAR 80

                            90       100
                    ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 442620097   1029 LFYQEDTKTYSNAKYLENFFEEQLAK 1054
Cdd:smart00297   81 TYNGPDSEVYKDAKKLEKFFEKKLRE 106

B-box-type 1 zinc finger found in tripartite motif-containing protein 71 (TRIM71) and similar proteins; TRIM71, also known as protein lineage variant 41 (lin-41), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that may play essential roles in embryonic stem cells, cellular reprogramming, and the timing of embryonic neurogenesis. It was first identified in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a target of the differentiation-associated microRNA (miRNA) let-7 (lethal 7) and therefore part of a heterochronic gene network that controls larval development. In humans, it regulates let-7 microRNA biogenesis via modulation of Lin28B protein polyubiquitination. TRIM71 localizes to cytoplasmic P-bodies and directly interacts with the miRNA pathway proteins Argonaute 2 (AGO2) and DICER. It represses miRNA activity by promoting degradative ubiquitination of AGO2. Moreover, TRIM71 associates with SHCBP1, a novel component of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathway, and regulates its non-degradative polyubiquitination. It is also involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of the CDKN1A, RBL1 and RBL2 or EGR1 mRNAs by mediating RNA-binding in embryonic stem cells. TRIM71 belongs to the C-VII subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that is defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil domain, as well as a NHL (named after proteins NCL-1, HT2A and Lin-41 that contain repeats folded into a six-bladed beta propeller) repeat domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 1 B-box (Bbox1) zinc finger is characterized by a C6H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 442620097  177 QCSSCSDGAVATSWCVDCSEYICDSCVQAHQRLKITKDHTI 217
Cdd:cd19812     1 RCSSCDEGNAATSRCKDCNEYLCDNCVRAHQRVRLTKDHFI 41

Bromodomain. Bromodomains are found in many chromatin-associated proteins and in nuclear histone acetyltransferases. They interact specifically with acetylated lysine.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442620097  953 ELRILQRICLELYCQYEQ-SLNFREPESPANTS-YYEIVSSPMSLDVIRTRLDPsspNHYKDIAGFVSDVRLIFSNTYLF 1030
Cdd:cd04369     1 LKKKLRSLLDALKKLKRDlSEPFLEPVDPKEAPdYYEVIKNPMDLSTIKKKLKN---GEYKSLEEFEADVRLIFSNAKTY 77

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|..
gi 442620097 1031 YQEDTKTYSNAKYLENFFEEQL 1052
Cdd:cd04369    78 NGPGSPIYKDAKKLEKLFEKLL 99

B-box-type 1 zinc finger found in transcription intermediary factor 1-alpha (TIF1-alpha); TIF1-alpha, also known as tripartite motif-containing protein 24 (TRIM24), E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM24, or RING finger protein 82, belongs to the C-VI subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a plant homeodomain (PHD), and a bromodomain (Bromo) positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 1 B-box (Bbox1) zinc finger is characterized by a C6H2 zinc-binding consensus motif. TIF1-alpha interacts specifically and in a ligand-dependent manner with the ligand binding domain (LBD) of several nuclear receptors (NRs), including retinoic X (RXR), retinoic acid (RAR), vitamin D3 (VDR), estrogen (ER), and progesterone (PR) receptors. It also associates with heterochromatin-associated factors HP1alpha, MOD1 (HP1beta), and MOD2 (HP1gamma), as well as the vertebrate Kruppel-type (C2H2) zinc finger proteins that contain the transcriptional silencing domain KRAB. TIF1-alpha is a ligand-dependent co-repressor of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) that interacts with multiple nuclear receptors in vitro via an LXXLL motif and further acts as a gatekeeper of liver carcinogenesis. It also functions as an E3-ubiquitin ligase targeting p53, and is broadly associated with chromatin silencing. Moreover, it is a chromatin regulator that recognizes specific, combinatorial histone modifications through its C-terminal PHD-Bromo region. In addition, it interacts with chromatin and estrogen receptor to activate estrogen-dependent genes associated with cellular proliferation and tumor development.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 442620097  178 CSSCSDGAVATSWCVDCSEYICDSCVQAHQRLKITKDHTIKPK 220
Cdd:cd19845     3 CTSCEDNAEANGFCVECVEWLCKTCIEAHQRVKFTKDHTVRQK 45

B-box-type 2 zinc finger found in transcription intermediary factor 1-beta (TIF1-beta); TIF1-beta, also known as Kruppel-associated Box (KRAB)-associated protein 1 (KAP-1), KRAB-interacting protein 1 (KRIP-1), nuclear co-repressor KAP-1, RING finger protein 96, tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28), or E3 SUMO-protein ligase TRIM28, belongs to the C-VI subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a plant homeodomain (PHD) and a bromodomain (Bromo) positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 2 B-box (Bbox2) zinc finger is characterized by a CHC3H2 zinc-binding consensus motif. TIF1-beta acts as a nuclear co-repressor that plays a role in transcription and in the DNA damage response. Upon DNA damage, the phosphorylation of KAP-1 on serine 824 by the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase enhances cell survival and facilitates chromatin relaxation and heterochromatic DNA repair. It also regulates CHD3 nucleosome remodeling during the DNA double-strand break (DSB) response. Meanwhile, KAP-1 can be dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase PP4C in the DNA damage response. Moreover, KAP-1 is a co-activator of the orphan nuclear receptor NGFI-B (or Nur77) and is involved in NGFI-B-dependent transcription. It is also a coiled-coil binding partner, substrate and activator of the c-Fes protein tyrosine kinase. The N-terminal RBCC domains of TIF1-beta are responsible for the interaction with KRAB zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs), MDM2, MM1, C/EBPbeta, and the regulation of homo- and heterodimerization. The C-terminal PHD/Bromo domains are involved in interacting with SETDB1, Mi-2alpha and other proteins to form complexes with histone deacetylase or methyltransferase activity.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 442620097  240 CQLHPQEKLSLFCETCDKLTCRDCQLSDHRDHKYKF 275
Cdd:cd19829     4 CSIHKQEPLKLFCETCDTLTCRDCQLNAHKDHQYQF 39

PHD finger found in transcription intermediary factor 1-alpha (TIF1-alpha); TIF1-alpha, also termed tripartite motif-containing protein 24 (TRIM24), or E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM24, or RING finger protein 82, belongs to the TRIM/RBCC protein family. It interacts specifically and in a ligand-dependent manner with the ligand binding domain (LBD) of several nuclear receptors (NRs), including retinoid X (RXR), retinoic acid (RAR), vitamin D3 (VDR), estrogen (ER), and progesterone (PR) receptors. It also associates with heterochromatin-associated factors HP1alpha, MOD1 (HP1beta) and MOD2 (HP1gamma), as well as vertebrate Kruppel-type (C2H2) zinc finger proteins that contain transcriptional silencing domain KRAB. TIF1-alpha is a ligand-dependent co-repressor of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) that interacts with multiple nuclear receptors in vitro via an LXXLL motif, and further acts as a gatekeeper of liver carcinogenesis. It also functions as an E3-ubiquitin ligase targeting p53 and is broadly associated with chromatin silencing. Moreover, it is a chromatin regulator that recognizes specific, combinatorial histone modifications through its C-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD)-Bromodomain (Bromo) region. In addition, it interacts with chromatin and estrogen receptor to activate estrogen-dependent genes associated with cellular proliferation and tumor development. TIF1-alpha contains an N-terminal RBCC (RING finger, B-box zinc-fingers, coiled-coil), a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, followed by a bromodomain in the C-terminal region.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 442620097  885 WCAVCLDGGELMCCDKCPKVFHQNCHIPAISSLPdeSESWQCLLC 929
Cdd:cd15622     1 WCAVCQNGGELLCCEKCPKVFHLSCHVPTLMNFP--SGEWICTFC 43

PHD finger found in transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma (TIF1gamma); TIF1gamma, also termed tripartite motif-containing 33 (trim33), or ectodermin, or RFG7, or PTC7, is an E3-ubiquitin ligase that functions as a regulator of transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling; it inhibits the Smad4-mediated TGFbeta response by interaction with Smad2/3 or ubiquitylation of Smad4. Moreover, TIF1gamma is an important regulator of transcription during hematopoiesis, as well as a key factor of tumorigenesis. Like other TIF1 family members, TIF1gamma also contains an intrinsic transcriptional silencing function. It can control erythroid cell fate by regulating transcription elongation. It can bind to the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and promotes mitosis. TIF1gamma contains an N-terminal RBCC (RING finger, B-box zinc-fingers, coiled-coil), a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, followed by a bromodomain in the C-terminal region.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 442620097  885 WCAVCLDGGELMCCDKCPKVFHQNCHIPAISSLPdeSESWQCLLCVNI 932
Cdd:cd15624     1 WCAVCQNGGDLLCCEKCPKVFHLTCHVPTLLSFP--SGDWICTFCRDI 46

B-box-type 2 zinc finger found in tripartite motif-containing protein 66 (TRIM66) and similar proteins; TRIM66, also termed transcriptional intermediary factor 1 delta (TIF1delta), is a novel heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1)-interacting member of the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 (TIF1) family expressed by elongating spermatids. Like other TIF1 proteins, TRIM66 displays a potent trichostatin A (TSA)-sensitive repression function; TSA is a specific inhibitor of histone deacetylases. Moreover, TRIM66 plays an important role in heterochromatin-mediated gene silencing during postmeiotic phases of spermatogenesis. It functions as a negative regulator of postmeiotic genes acting through HP1 isotype gamma (HP1gamma) complex formation and centromere association. TRIM66 belongs to an unclassified TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that do not have RING fingers and thus lack the characteristic tripartite (RING (R), B-box, and coiled coil (CC)) RBCC motif. The type 2 B-box (Bbox2) zinc finger is characterized by a CHC3H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 442620097  239 MCQLHPQEKLSLFCETCDKLTCRDCQLSDHRDHKYK 274
Cdd:cd19794     2 MCPLHNQEPLKLFCETCDVLVCRSCLLSEHKEHRFK 37

PHD finger 1 found in autoimmune regulator (AIRE); AIRE, also termed autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) protein, functions as a regulator of gene transcription in the thymus. It is essential for prevention of autoimmunity. AIRE plays a critical role in the induction of central tolerance. It promotes self-tolerance through tissue-specific antigen (TSA) expression. It also acts as an active regulator of chondrocyte differentiation. AIRE contains a homogeneously-staining region (HSR) or caspase-recruitment domain (CARD), a nuclear localization signal (NLS), a SAND (for Sp100, AIRE, nuclear phosphoprotein 41/75 or NucP41/75, and deformed epidermal auto regulatory factor 1 or Deaf1) domain, two plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, and four LXXLL (where L stands for leucine) motifs. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger that recognizes the unmethylated tail of histone H3 and targets AIRE-dependent genes.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 442620097  886 CAVCLDGGELMCCDKCPKVFHQNCHIPAISSLPdeSESWQCLLC 929
Cdd:cd15539     2 CAVCGDGGELLCCDGCPRAFHLACLVPPLTLIP--SGTWRCSSC 43

B-box-type 1 zinc finger found in transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma (TIF1-gamma); TIF1-gamma, also known as tripartite motif-containing 33 (TRIM33), ectodermin, RFG7, or PTC7, belongs to the C-VI subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a plant homeodomain (PHD), and a bromodomain (Bromo) positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 1 B-box (Bbox1) zinc finger is characterized by a C6H2 zinc-binding consensus motif. TIF1-gamma is an E3-ubiquitin ligase that functions as a regulator of transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling. It inhibits the Smad4-mediated TGFbeta response by interaction with Smad2/3 or ubiquitylation of Smad4. Moreover, TIF1-gamma is an important regulator of transcription during hematopoiesis, as well as a key actor of tumorigenesis. Like other TIF1 family members, TIF1-gamma also contains an intrinsic transcriptional silencing function. It can control erythroid cell fate by regulating transcription elongation. It can bind to the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and promotes mitosis.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 442620097  178 CSSCSDGAVATSWCVDCSEYICDSCVQAHQRLKITKDHTIKPKDEAN 224
Cdd:cd19847     8 CTSCEDNASAVGFCVECGEWLCKTCIEAHQRVKFTKDHMIRKKEDVS 54

B-Box-type zinc finger;

                            10        20        30
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 442620097    239 MCQLHPQEKLSLFCETCDKLTCRDCQLSDHRDHKYKF 275
Cdd:smart00336    5 KCDSHGDEPAEFFCEECGALLCRTCDEAEHRGHTVVL 41

PHD finger found in the Sp100/Sp140 family of nuclear body components; The Sp100/Sp140 family includes nuclear body proteins SP100, SP140, and similar proteins. Sp110, also termed interferon-induced protein 41/75, or speckled 110 kDa, or transcriptional coactivator Sp110, is a leukocyte-specific component of the nuclear body. It may function as a nuclear hormone receptor transcriptional coactivator that may play a role in inducing differentiation of myeloid cells. It is also involved in resisting intracellular pathogens and functions as an important drug target for preventing intracellular pathogen diseases, such as tuberculosis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, and intracellular cancers. Sp110 gene polymorphisms may be associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis in Chinese population. Sp110 contains a Sp100-like domain, a SAND domain, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, and a bromodomain (BRD). SP140, also termed lymphoid-restricted homolog of Sp100 (LYSp100), or nuclear autoantigen Sp-140, or speckled 140 kDa, is an interferon inducible nuclear leukocyte-specific protein involved in primary biliary cirrhosis and a risk factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It is also implicated in innate immune response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by binding to the virus's viral infectivity factor (Vif) protein. Sp140 contains a nuclear localization signal, a dimerization domain (HSR or CARD domain), a SAND domain, a PHD finger, and a BRD.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 442620097  886 CAVCLDGGELMCCDKCPKVFHQNCHIPAISSlpdESESWQCLLC 929
Cdd:cd15626     2 CEVCGQEGKLFCCCTCSRVFHEDCHIPPVEA---QRSPWSCTFC 42

PHD finger 2 found in class II Chromodomain-Helicase-DNA binding (CHD) proteins; Class II CHD proteins includes chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein CHD3, CHD4, and CHD5, which are nuclear and ubiquitously expressed chromatin remodelling ATPases generally associated with histone deacetylases (HDACs). They are involved in DNA Double Strand Break (DSB) signaling, DSB repair and/or p53-dependent pathways such as apoptosis and senescence, as well as in the maintenance of genomic stability, and/or cancer prevention. They function as subunits of the Nucleosome Remodelling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex, which is generally associated with gene repression, heterochromatin formation, and overall chromatin compaction. In contrast to the class I CHD enzymes (CHD1 and CHD2), class II CHD proteins lack identifiable DNA-binding domains, but possess a C-terminal coiled-coil region. Moreover, in addition to the tandem chromodomains and a helicase domain, they all harbor tandem plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers involved in the recognition of methylated histone tails. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 442620097  886 CAVCLDGGELMCCDKCPKVFHQNCHIPAISSLPDesESWQCLLC 929
Cdd:cd15532     2 CRVCKDGGELLCCDGCPSSYHLHCLNPPLAEIPD--GDWFCPRC 43

B-box-type 2 zinc finger (Bbox2); The B-box-type zinc finger is a short zinc binding domain of around 40 amino acid residues in length. It has been found in transcription factors, ribonucleoproteins and proto-oncoproteins, such as in TRIM (tripartite motif) proteins that consist of an N-terminal RING finger (originally called an A-box), followed by 1-2 B-box domains and a coiled-coil domain (also called RBCC for Ring, B-box, Coiled-Coil). The B-box-type zinc finger often presents in combination with other motifs, like RING zinc finger, NHL motif, coiled-coil or RFP domain in functionally unrelated proteins, most likely mediating protein-protein interaction. Based on different consensus sequence and the spacing of the 7-8 zinc-binding residues, B-box-type zinc fingers can be divided into two groups, type 1 (Bbox1: C6H2) and type 2 (Bbox2: CHC3H2). The family corresponds to type 2 B-box (Bbox2).

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 442620097  239 MCQLHPQEKLSLFCETCDKLTCRDCQLS-DHRDHK 272
Cdd:cd19756     1 LCPEHPEEPLKLFCETCQELVCVLCLLSgEHRGHK 35

B-box-type 1 zinc finger (Bbox1); The B-box-type zinc finger is a short zinc binding domain of around 40 amino acid residues in length. It has been found in transcription factors, ribonucleoproteins and proto-oncoproteins, such as in TRIM (tripartite motif) proteins that consist of an N-terminal RING finger (originally called an A-box), followed by 1-2 B-box domains and a coiled-coil domain (also called RBCC for Ring, B-box, Coiled-Coil). The B-box-type zinc finger often presents in combination with other motifs, like RING zinc finger, NHL motif, coiled-coil or RFP domain, in functionally unrelated proteins, most likely mediating protein-protein interactions. Based on different consensus sequences and the spacing of the 7-8 zinc-binding residues, the B-box-type zinc fingers can be divided into two groups, type 1 (Bbox1: C6H2) and type 2 (Bbox2: CHC3H2). This family corresponds to the type 1 B-box (Bbox1).

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 442620097  177 QCSSCSDGAvATSWCVDCSEYICDSCVQA-HQRLKITKDHTIKP 219
Cdd:cd19757     1 LCDECEERE-ATVYCLECEEFLCDDCSDAiHRRGKLTRSHKLVP 43

ADDz domain found in ATRX (alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation, X-linked); ADDz_ATRX is a PHD-like zinc finger domain of ATRX, which belongs to the SNF2 family of chromatin remodeling proteins. ATRX is a large chromatin-associated nuclear protein with two domains, ADDz_ATRX at the N-terminus, followed by a C-terminal ATPase/helicase domain. The ADDz_ATRX domain recognizes a specific methylated histone, and this interaction is required for heterochromatin localization of the ATRX protein. Missense mutations in either of the two ATRX domains lead to the X-linked alpha-thalassemia and mental retardation syndrome; however the mutations in the ADDz_ATRX domain produce a more severe disease phenotype that may also relate to disturbing unknown functions or interaction sites of this domain. The ADDz domain is also present in chromatin-associated proteins cytosine-5-methyltransferase 3 (Dnmt3); it is a PHD-like zinc finger motif that contains two parts, a C2-C2 and a PHD-like zinc finger. PHD zinc finger domains have been identified in more than 40 proteins that are mainly involved in chromatin mediated transcriptional control; the classical PHD zinc finger has a C4-H-C3 motif that spans about 50-80 amino acids. In ADDz, the conserved histidine residue of the PHD finger is replaced by a cysteine, and an additional zinc finger C2-C2 like motif is located about twenty residues upstream of the C4-C-C3 motif.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 442620097  876 TQEDDPNEDWCAVCLDGGELMCCDKCPKVFHQNChI-----PAISSLPDESESWQCLLC 929
Cdd:cd11726    43 SKDEDGSDEYCRWCGQGGDLICCDFCPNVFCKKC-IkrnlgRAELSRIEESDKWKCFVC 100

Bromodomain. BDF1/BDF2 like subfamily, restricted to fungi, repeat I. BDF1 and BDF2 are yeast transcription factors involved in the expression of a wide range of genes, including snRNAs; they are required for sporulation and DNA repair and protect histone H4 from deacetylation. Bromodomains are 110 amino acid long domains, that are found in many chromatin associated proteins. Bromodomains can interact specifically with acetylated lysine.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442620097  971 SLNFREPESPANTS---YYEIVSSPMSLDVIRTRLdpsSPNHYKDIAGFVSDVRLIFSNTYLFYQEDTKTYSNAKYLENF 1047
Cdd:cd05500    22 ARPFLVPVDPVKLNiphYPTIIKKPMDLGTIERKL---KSNVYTSVEEFTADFNLMVDNCLTFNGPEHPVSQMGKRLQAA 98

                  ....*
gi 442620097 1048 FEEQL 1052
Cdd:cd05500    99 FEKHL 103

B-box-type 1 zinc finger found in tripartite motif-containing protein 45 (TRIM45) and similar proteins; TRIM45, also known as RING finger protein 99 (RNF99), is a novel receptor for activated C-kinase (RACK1)-interacting protein that suppresses transcriptional activities of Elk-1 and AP-1, and downregulates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction by inhibiting RACK1/PKC (protein kinase C) complex formation. It also negatively regulates tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappa B)-mediated transcription, and suppresses cell proliferation. TRIM45 belongs to the C-X subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that is defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a filamin-type immunoglobulin (IG-FLMN) domain and NHL repeats positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 1 B-box (Bbox1) zinc finger is characterized by a C6H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 442620097  176 IQCSSCSDG-AVATSWCVDCSEYICDSCVQAHQRLKITKDHTI 217
Cdd:cd19809     1 LLCDLCTDGnSSAEYRCFDCSENLCEFCKQAHRRQRKTASHRI 43

Bromodomain. BDF1/BDF2 like subfamily, restricted to fungi, repeat II. BDF1 and BDF2 are yeast transcription factors involved in the expression of a wide range of genes, including snRNAs; they are required for sporulation and DNA repair and protect histone H4 from deacetylation. Bromodomains are 110 amino acid long domains, that are found in many chromatin associated proteins. Bromodomains can interact specifically with acetylated lysine.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442620097  953 ELRILQRICLELYCQYEQSLN--FREPESPANT---SYYEIVSSPMSLDVIRTRLdpsSPNHYKDIAGFVSDVRLIFSNT 1027
Cdd:cd05499     1 ELKFCEEVLKELMKPKHSAYNwpFLDPVDPVALnipNYFSIIKKPMDLGTISKKL---QNGQYQSAKEFERDVRLIFKNC 77

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|..
gi 442620097 1028 YLFYQEDTKTYSNAKYLENFFE 1049
Cdd:cd05499    78 YTFNPEGTDVYMMGHQLEEVFN 99

B-box-type 2 zinc finger found in Drosophila melanogaster brain tumor protein (BRAT) and similar proteins; BRAT is a NHL-domain family protein that functions as a translational repressor to inhibit cell proliferation. This family also contains Caenorhabditis elegans B-box type zinc finger protein ncl-1, a C. elegans Brat homolog which functions as a translational repressor that inhibits protein synthesis. BRAT contains Bbox1 and Bbox2 zinc fingers and NHL repeats. The type 2 B-box (Bbox2) zinc finger is characterized by a CHC3H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442620097  239 MCQLHPQEKLSLFCETCDKLTCRDCQLSDHR--DHKYKFA 276
Cdd:cd19798     5 FCPKHPNEVLKFFCKTCNIPICKDCTLLDHNkgLHDYEYL 44

PHD finger found in transcription intermediary factor 1-beta (TIF1-beta); TIF1-beta, also termed Kruppel-associated Box (KRAB)-associated protein 1 (KAP-1), or KRAB-interacting protein 1 (KRIP-1), or nuclear co-repressor KAP-1, or RING finger protein 96, or tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28), or E3 SUMO-protein ligase TRIM28, acts as a nuclear co-repressor that plays a role in transcription and in DNA damage response. Upon DNA damage, the phosphorylation of KAP-1 on serine 824 by the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase enhances cell survival and facilitates chromatin relaxation and heterochromatic DNA repair. It also regulates CHD3 nucleosome remodeling during DNA double-strand break (DSB) response. Meanwhile, KAP-1 can be dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase PP4C in the DNA damage response. In addition, KAP-1 is a co-activator of the orphan nuclear receptor NGFI-B (or Nur77) and is involved in NGFI-B-dependent transcription. It is also a coiled-coil binding partner, substrate and activator of the c-Fes protein tyrosine kinase. TIF1-beta contains an N-terminal RBCC (RING finger, B-box zinc-fingers, coiled-coil), which can interact with KRAB zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs), MDM2, MM1, C/EBPbeta, and mediates homo- and heterodimerization, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a bromodomain in the C-terminal region, which interact with SETDB1, Mi-2alpha and other proteins to form complexes with histone deacetylase or methyltransferase activity.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 442620097  886 CAVCLDGGELMCCDKCPKVFHQNCHIPAISSLPdeSESWQCLLC 929
Cdd:cd15623     2 CRVCQKAGALVMCDQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQEVP--GEDWKCLLC 43

PHD zinc finger; The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger is a C4HC3 zinc-finger-like motif found in nuclear proteins thought to be involved in epigenetics and chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. The PHD finger binds two zinc ions using the so-called 'cross-brace' motif and is thus structurally related to the RING finger and the FYVE finger. It is not yet known if PHD fingers have a common molecular function. Several reports suggest that it can function as a protein-protein interacton domain and it was recently demonstrated that the PHD finger of p300 can cooperate with the adjacent BROMO domain in nucleosome binding in vitro. Other reports suggesting that the PHD finger is a ubiquitin ligase have been refuted as these domains were RING fingers misidentified as PHD fingers.

                            10        20        30        40
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 442620097    885 WCAVC---LDGGELMCCDKCPKVFHQNCHIPAISSlPDESESWQCLLC 929
Cdd:smart00249    1 YCSVCgkpDDGGELLQCDGCDRWYHQTCLGPPLLE-EEPDGKWYCPKC 47

PHD finger 1 found in metal-response element-binding transcription factor 2 (MTF2); MTF2, also termed metal regulatory transcription factor 2, or metal-response element DNA-binding protein M96, or polycomb-like protein 2 (PCL2), complexes with the polycomb repressive complex-2 (PRC2) in embryonic stem cells and regulates the transcriptional networks during embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. It recruits the PRC2 complex to the inactive X chromosome and target loci in embryonic stem cells. Moreover, MTF2 is required for PRC2-mediated Hox cluster repression. It activates the Cdkn2a gene and promotes cellular senescence, thus suppressing the catalytic activity of PRC2 locally. MTF2 consists of an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two PHD fingers, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 442620097  886 CAVCLDG-----GELMCCDKCPKVFHQNCHIPAI-SSLPDESESWQCLLCV 930
Cdd:cd15578     2 CTVCQDGssespNEIVLCDKCGQGYHQLCHNPKIdSSVLDPDVPWLCRQCV 52

Bromodomain, polybromo repeat I. Polybromo is a nuclear protein of unknown function, which contains 6 bromodomains. The human ortholog BAF180 is part of a SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex, and it may carry out the functions of Yeast Rsc-1 and Rsc-2. It was shown that polybromo bromodomains bind to histone H3 at specific acetyl-lysine positions. Bromodomains are found in many chromatin-associated proteins and in nuclear histone acetyltransferases. They interact specifically with acetylated lysine, but not all the bromodomains in polybromo may bind to acetyl-lysine.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 442620097  976 EPEspantsYYEIVSSPMSLDVIRTRLDPSSpnhYKDIAGFVSDVRLIFSNTYLFYQEDTKTYSNAKYLENFFEEQLAK 1054
Cdd:cd05524    38 EPE------YYEVVSNPIDLLKIQQKLKTEE---YDDVDDLTADFELLINNAKAYYKPDSPEHKDACKLWELFLSARNE 107

Bromodomain; WDR9 repeat II_like subfamily. WDR9 is a human gene located in the Down Syndrome critical region-2 of chromosome 21. It encodes for a nuclear protein containing WD40 repeats and two bromodomains, which may function as a transcriptional regulator involved in chromatin remodeling and play a role in embryonic development. Bromodomains are 110 amino acid long domains, that are found in many chromatin associated proteins. Bromodomains can interact specifically with acetylated lysine.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 442620097  959 RICLELYCQYEQSLNFREP-ESPANTSYYEIVSSPMSLDVIRTRLDPSSpnhYKDIAGFVSDVRLIFSNTYLFY-QEDTK 1036
Cdd:cd05496    11 KELVNLMWDCEDSEPFRQPvDLLKYPDYRDIIDTPMDLGTVKETLFGGN---YDDPMEFAKDVRLIFSNSKSYTpNKRSR 87