actin-related protein 3 (ACTR3) is an ATP-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates actin polymerization upon stimulation by nucleation-promoting factor (NPF)
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of actin-related protein3 (Arp3) and similar proteins; Arp3, ...
7-410
0e+00
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of actin-related protein3 (Arp3) and similar proteins; Arp3, also called actin-like protein 3, is the ATP-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates actin polymerization upon stimulation by nucleation-promoting factor (NPF). The Arp2/3 complex is comprised of 7 proteins (Arp2, Arp3, and five conserved proteins, ARPC1-5). It generates cytoplasmic branched filaments networks, by promoting nucleation of actin filaments as 70 degrees branches on the side of older filaments. It is activated, by simultaneously binding to a pre-existing filament and a nucleation promoting factor plus an actin monomer. Daughter branches subsequently detach/debranch from the mother filament. Its Arp2 and Arp3 subunits must be loaded with ATP for it to initiate the assembly of branched actin filaments. ATP hydrolysis may be required for branch initiation or debranching. The Arp2/3 complex is also found in the nucleus where it plays a role in promoting de novo actin polymerization and in RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. This may in part be through regulating nuclear actin polymerization in a way like its function in the cytoplasm. Human Arp3 and Arp3B are encoded by the ACTR3 and ACTR3B genes respectively. Arp3B is also known as actin-related protein Arp4.
:
Pssm-ID: 466822 Cd Length: 404 Bit Score: 869.58 E-value: 0e+00
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of actin-related protein3 (Arp3) and similar proteins; Arp3, ...
7-410
0e+00
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of actin-related protein3 (Arp3) and similar proteins; Arp3, also called actin-like protein 3, is the ATP-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates actin polymerization upon stimulation by nucleation-promoting factor (NPF). The Arp2/3 complex is comprised of 7 proteins (Arp2, Arp3, and five conserved proteins, ARPC1-5). It generates cytoplasmic branched filaments networks, by promoting nucleation of actin filaments as 70 degrees branches on the side of older filaments. It is activated, by simultaneously binding to a pre-existing filament and a nucleation promoting factor plus an actin monomer. Daughter branches subsequently detach/debranch from the mother filament. Its Arp2 and Arp3 subunits must be loaded with ATP for it to initiate the assembly of branched actin filaments. ATP hydrolysis may be required for branch initiation or debranching. The Arp2/3 complex is also found in the nucleus where it plays a role in promoting de novo actin polymerization and in RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. This may in part be through regulating nuclear actin polymerization in a way like its function in the cytoplasm. Human Arp3 and Arp3B are encoded by the ACTR3 and ACTR3B genes respectively. Arp3B is also known as actin-related protein Arp4.
Pssm-ID: 466822 Cd Length: 404 Bit Score: 869.58 E-value: 0e+00
syringactin; Syringactin are close homologs of the normally eukaryotic protein actin, found in ...
374-407
1.43e-04
syringactin; Syringactin are close homologs of the normally eukaryotic protein actin, found in the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and related species. This model was created, in part, to clarify that the family is real and distinct, rather than an artifact of eukaryotic contamination of bacterial genomic sequence data. As of the creation of this HMM, the family is uncharacterized.
Pssm-ID: 468549 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 132 Bit Score: 41.50 E-value: 1.43e-04
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of actin-related protein3 (Arp3) and similar proteins; Arp3, ...
7-410
0e+00
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of actin-related protein3 (Arp3) and similar proteins; Arp3, also called actin-like protein 3, is the ATP-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates actin polymerization upon stimulation by nucleation-promoting factor (NPF). The Arp2/3 complex is comprised of 7 proteins (Arp2, Arp3, and five conserved proteins, ARPC1-5). It generates cytoplasmic branched filaments networks, by promoting nucleation of actin filaments as 70 degrees branches on the side of older filaments. It is activated, by simultaneously binding to a pre-existing filament and a nucleation promoting factor plus an actin monomer. Daughter branches subsequently detach/debranch from the mother filament. Its Arp2 and Arp3 subunits must be loaded with ATP for it to initiate the assembly of branched actin filaments. ATP hydrolysis may be required for branch initiation or debranching. The Arp2/3 complex is also found in the nucleus where it plays a role in promoting de novo actin polymerization and in RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. This may in part be through regulating nuclear actin polymerization in a way like its function in the cytoplasm. Human Arp3 and Arp3B are encoded by the ACTR3 and ACTR3B genes respectively. Arp3B is also known as actin-related protein Arp4.
Pssm-ID: 466822 Cd Length: 404 Bit Score: 869.58 E-value: 0e+00
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of actin, actin-related proteins T1-T3 (Arp-T1-3), and similar ...
6-404
6.72e-109
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of actin, actin-related proteins T1-T3 (Arp-T1-3), and similar proteins; The family includes actin and human actin-related proteins T1, T2, and T3. Actin is a ubiquitous protein involved in the formation of filaments that are major components of the cytoskeleton. It is a highly dynamic structural protein network involved in processes such as cell contraction, cell motility, vesicle trafficking, intracellular organization, cytokinesis, endocytosis and apoptosis. Arp-T1, encoded by ACTRT1/ARPT1 gene expressed in testis, negatively regulates the Hedgehog (SHH) signaling, binds to the promoter of the SHH signaling mediator, GLI1, and inhibits its expression. Arp-T2 (also called actin-related protein M2; encoded by ACTRT2/ARPM2 gene expressed in testis and various other cell types) and Arp-T3 (also called actin-related protein M1; encoded by ACTRT3/ARPM1 gene expressed in all tested human tissues) play general roles in the organization of the cytoskeleton like other cytoplasmic actin-related proteins.
Pssm-ID: 466848 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 359 Bit Score: 324.91 E-value: 6.72e-109
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of actin-related protein 1 (Arp1) and similar proteins; Arp1, ...
9-411
2.51e-94
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of actin-related protein 1 (Arp1) and similar proteins; Arp1, also called centractin, actin-like protein, alpha-centractin, actin-RPV, or centrosome-associated actin homolog, may be a component of a multi-subunit centrosomal complex involved in microtubule-based vesicle motility. In yeast, actin-related protein is essential for viability and is associated with the centrosome. In vertebrates, Arp1 is a core component of the dynactin complex which assists cytoplasmic dynein by increasing its processivity and by regulation of its cargo binding. The dynactin complex is required for the spindle translocation late in anaphase and is involved in a cell wall synthesis checkpoint. ARP1 forms the backbone filament of the dynactin rod structure and serves as the scaffold for the remaining subunits. It is required for proper orientation of the mitotic spindle. Arp1 is the only actin-related protein known to form actin-like filaments. Human Arp1/centractin is encoded by the ACTR1A gene.
Pssm-ID: 466820 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 370 Bit Score: 287.90 E-value: 2.51e-94
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of actin and similar proteins; Actin is a ubiquitous protein ...
7-407
1.79e-92
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of actin and similar proteins; Actin is a ubiquitous protein involved in the formation of filaments that are major components of the cytoskeleton. It is a highly dynamic structural protein network involved in processes such as cell contraction, cell motility, vesicle trafficking, intracellular organization, cytokinesis, endocytosis and apoptosis. Actin is a monomeric globular protein (G-actin) that reversibly polymerizes to form filaments (F-actin). Each actin protomer binds one molecule of ATP and either calcium or magnesium ions. At low salt concentrations, actin exists as a monomer, and as the salt concentration rises F-actin forms, with the consequent hydrolysis of ATP. F-actin assembly is in constant flux with G-actin association occurring at the barbed end (+) and its disassociation at the pointed end (-). Actin monomers that have been released from the pointed end can be reused, if the ADP is exchanged for ATP. F-actin filaments can assemble into higher order structures, for example branched F-actin, and stress fibers. Actin binding proteins regulate actin filament dynamics by a range of functions including actin severing, depolymerizing, capping, stabilizing and de novo actin polymerization. Actins interaction with myosin is the basis of muscular contraction and many aspects of cell motility. In vertebrates there are three main groups of actin isoforms, alpha, beta and gamma. The alpha actins found in muscle tissues are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. The beta and gamma actins co-exist in most cell types as components of the cytoskeleton and as mediators of internal cell motility. In plants there are many isoforms which are probably involved in a variety of functions such as cytoplasmic streaming, cell shape determination, tip growth, graviperception, cell wall deposition, etc.
Pssm-ID: 466823 Cd Length: 365 Bit Score: 283.10 E-value: 1.79e-92
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of actin and actin-related proteins (ARPs); Actin is ...
9-404
2.12e-89
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of actin and actin-related proteins (ARPs); Actin is ubiquitous in eukaryotes, and the major component of the actin cytoskeleton; monomeric globular protein (G-actin) reversibly polymerizes to form filaments (F-actin). Each actin protomer binds one molecule of ATP and either calcium or magnesium ions. F-actin filaments form with the consequent hydrolysis of ATP. Some actin-related proteins (Arps) have roles in cytoskeletal functions, such as actin polymerization (Arp2/3) and dynein motor activity (Arp1). Both conventional actin and specific Arps have been implicated in chromatin remodeling and/or transcription regulation. The actin/ARP family belongs to the ASKHA (Acetate and Sugar Kinases/Hsc70/Actin) superfamily, all members of which share a common characteristic five-stranded beta sheet occurring in both the N- and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 466810 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 258 Bit Score: 271.29 E-value: 2.12e-89
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of actin-related protein2 (Arp2) and similar proteins; Arp2, ...
9-409
1.97e-81
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of actin-related protein2 (Arp2) and similar proteins; Arp2, also called actin-like protein 2, is the ATP-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates actin polymerization upon stimulation by nucleation-promoting factor (NPF). The Arp2/3 complex is comprised of 7 proteins (Arp2, Arp3, and five conserved proteins, ARPC1-5). It generates cytoplasmic branched filaments networks, by promoting nucleation of actin filaments as 70 degrees branches on the side of older filaments. It is activated, by simultaneously binding to a pre-existing filament and a nucleation promoting factor plus an actin monomer. Daughter branches subsequently detach/debranch from the mother filament. Its Arp2 and Arp3 subunits must be loaded with ATP for it to initiate the assembly of branched actin filaments. ATP hydrolysis may be required for branch initiation or debranching. The Arp2/3 complex is also found in the nucleus where it plays a role in promoting de novo actin polymerization and in RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. This may in part be through regulating nuclear actin polymerization in a way like its function in the cytoplasm. Human Arp2 is encoded by the ACTR2 gene.
Pssm-ID: 466821 Cd Length: 381 Bit Score: 255.18 E-value: 1.97e-81
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of the actin-related protein 4 (Arp4)-like subfamily; The ...
6-404
1.90e-76
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of the actin-related protein 4 (Arp4)-like subfamily; The Arp4-like subfamily includes Arp4, also called actin-like protein 4, from fungi and plants. Saccharomyces cerevisiae Arp4 acts synergistically with Arp8 to depolymerize F-actin; it binds ATP, but unlike conventional actin, does not form filaments. It is a component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex, the chromatin-remodeling INO80 complex and the SWR1 chromatin remodeling complex. Arabidopsis thaliana Arp4 is involved in several developmental processes including organization of plant organs, flowering time, anther development, flower senescence and fertility, probably by regulating the chromatin structure. This family also includes human homologs of yeast and plant, which are actin-like protein 6A (encoded by the ACTL6A gene; also known as ArpNbeta, 53 kDa BRG1-associated factor A/BRG1-associated factor 53A/BAF35A, and INO80 complex subunit K/INO80K) and actin-like protein 6B (encoded by the ACTL6B gene; also known as ArpNalpha, 53 kDa BRG1-associated factor B/BRG1-associated factor 53B/BAF35B). ACTL6A and ACTL6B are involved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling (alteration of DNA-nucleosome topology). They are components of numerous complexes with chromatin remodeling and histone acetyltransferase activity. ACTL6A is also a putative core component of the chromatin remodeling INO80 complex which is involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA replication and probably DNA repair. Schizosaccharomyces pombe actin-related protein 42 (Arp42) is also included in this family. It is also a component of SWI/SNF and RSC complexes.
Pssm-ID: 466846 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 413 Bit Score: 243.24 E-value: 1.90e-76
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of the actin-like protein 7 (ACTL7)-like family; The ...
7-407
1.32e-72
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of the actin-like protein 7 (ACTL7)-like family; The ACTL7-like family includes ACTL7A, ACTL7B and ACTL9 (also known as ACTL7C). In mammalian, ACTL7A is expressed in a wide variety of adult tissues, while the ACTL7B is expressed in spermatids through the elongation phase of spermatid development. ACTL7A, also called actin-like-7-alpha, or T-ACTIN-2 in mouse, may play an important role in formation and fusion of Golgi-derived vesicles during acrosome biogenesis. ACTL7B, also called actin-like-7-beta, acts as a key regulator of spermiogenesis that is required for male fertility. ACTL9 is a testis-specific protein that plays an important role in fusion of proacrosomal vesicles and perinuclear theca formation.
Pssm-ID: 466819 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 368 Bit Score: 231.93 E-value: 1.32e-72
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of actin-related protein6 (Arp6) and similar proteins; Arp6, ...
9-404
8.43e-59
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of actin-related protein6 (Arp6) and similar proteins; Arp6, also called actin-like protein 6, is required for formation and/or maintenance of proper nucleolar structure and function, plays a dual role in the regulation of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcription. In the presence of high glucose, Arp6 maintains active rDNA transcription through H2A.Z deposition and under glucose starvation, it is required for the repression of rDNA transcription, and this function may be independent of H2A.Z. Arp6 is also required for telomere silencing in both fission and budding yeast. It is a component of the budding yeast and Arabidopsis SWR1 complex (SWR1C) and the human SWI2/SNF2-related CBP activator protein (SRCAP) chromatin remodeling complexes which catalyze the exchange of the histone H2A with the H2AZ. Drosophila Arp6 colocalizes with HP1 (heterochromatin protein 1) in the pericentric heterochromatin, and vertebrate Arp6 also interacts with HP1. Human Arp6 is encoded by the ACTR6 gene. Arabidopsis thaliana ACTIN RELATED PROTEIN 6/EARLY IN SHORT DAYS 1/SUPPRESSOR OF FRIGIDA 3 (encoded by ARP6/ESD1/SUF3) participates in regulating several leaf and flower development stages. It is needed for Flowering locus C (FLC, the master repressor of flowering) and FLC-like gene expression in the shoot and root apex, and for the activity of the floral repressor pathway.
Pssm-ID: 466816 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 389 Bit Score: 196.62 E-value: 8.43e-59
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of actin-related protein5 (Arp5) and similar proteins; Arp5, ...
9-405
6.82e-46
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of actin-related protein5 (Arp5) and similar proteins; Arp5, also called actin-like protein 5, may act as a core component of the chromatin remodeling INO80 complex which is involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA replication and probably DNA repair. It is involved in DNA double-strand break repair and UV-damage excision repair. Human Arp5 is encoded by the ACTR5 gene. Arabidopsis thaliana ARP5 (AtARp5) is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein involved in DNA repair and required for multicellular development of all organs. AtARp5 may be part of other chromatin remodeling machines in addition to INO80.
Pssm-ID: 466817 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 345 Bit Score: 161.59 E-value: 6.82e-46
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of actin-related protein 10 (Arp10) and similar proteins; ...
9-404
6.35e-44
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of actin-related protein 10 (Arp10) and similar proteins; Arp10, also known as actin-related protein 11 (Arp11), is a subunit of the cargo-binding portion of the dynein activator, dynactin. It, together with dynactin4 (p62), -5(p25), and -6(p27), forms a heterotetrameric complex located at the pointed end of Arp1. Arp1 forms a mini-filament of uniform size, with proteins bound along its length and at both ends. Human Arp10 is encoded by the ACTR10 gene.
Pssm-ID: 466813 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 375 Bit Score: 157.03 E-value: 6.35e-44
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Arabidopsis thaliana actin-related protein 7 and similar ...
8-407
3.26e-41
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Arabidopsis thaliana actin-related protein 7 and similar proteins; Arabidopsis thaliana ARP7 is an essential nuclear protein, ubiquitously expressed in all cell types. It is needed for normal embryogenesis, plant architecture, and floral organ abscission. It may play a role in regulating various phases of plant development through chromatin-mediated gene regulation.
Pssm-ID: 466815 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 354 Bit Score: 149.46 E-value: 3.26e-41
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae actin-related protein 9 (Arp9) and ...
76-407
1.07e-28
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae actin-related protein 9 (Arp9) and similar proteins; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Arp9, also called actin-like protein 9, chromatin structure-remodeling complex protein ARP9, or SWI/SNF complex component ARP9, is a component of the chromatin structure remodeling complex (RSC), which is involved in transcription regulation and nucleosome positioning. It is also part of the SWI/SNF complex, an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex, which is required for the positive and negative regulation of gene expression of many genes. Arp9 forms a stable heterodimer with Arp7 protein in both the RSC and SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complexes. It has been suggested that this dimer functions as a module with DNA bending proteins, to achieve correct architecture and facilitate complex-complex interactions. Fission yeast SWI/SNF and RSC complexes do not contain Arp7 and Arp8, but instead contain Arp9 and Arp42.
Pssm-ID: 466814 Cd Length: 356 Bit Score: 115.10 E-value: 1.07e-28
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Arabidopsis thaliana actin-related protein 8 (AtArp8) and ...
158-390
2.45e-14
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of Arabidopsis thaliana actin-related protein 8 (AtArp8) and similar proteins; Arabidopsis thaliana ARP8, also called F-box protein ARP8, is an F-Box protein localized to the nucleolus. It is ubiquitously expressed in all organs and cell types and has a cell cycle-dependent subcellular pattern of distribution: it is localized to the nucleolus in interphase cells and dispersed in the cytoplasm in mitotic cells.
Pssm-ID: 466847 Cd Length: 332 Bit Score: 73.73 E-value: 2.45e-14
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of the actin-related protein 8 (Arp8)-like subfamily; The ...
164-386
4.30e-11
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of the actin-related protein 8 (Arp8)-like subfamily; The Arp8-like family includes Arp8, also called actin-like protein 8, from vertebrates and fungi. Human Arp8 is encoded by the ACTR8 gene and is also known as INO80 complex subunit N. It plays an important role in the functional organization of mitotic chromosomes. Arp8 exhibits low basal ATPase activity, and is unable to polymerize. It is probably a core component of the chromatin remodeling INO80 complex which is involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA replication, and probably DNA repair. it is required for the recruitment of INO80 (and probably the INO80 complex) to sites of DNA damage. Arp8 strongly prefers nucleosomes and H3-H4 tetramers over H2A-H2B dimers, suggesting it may act as a nucleosome recognition module within the complex. This subfamily also contains Arabidopsis thaliana Arp9.
Pssm-ID: 466812 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 447 Bit Score: 64.18 E-value: 4.30e-11
syringactin; Syringactin are close homologs of the normally eukaryotic protein actin, found in ...
374-407
1.43e-04
syringactin; Syringactin are close homologs of the normally eukaryotic protein actin, found in the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae and related species. This model was created, in part, to clarify that the family is real and distinct, rather than an artifact of eukaryotic contamination of bacterial genomic sequence data. As of the creation of this HMM, the family is uncharacterized.
Pssm-ID: 468549 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 132 Bit Score: 41.50 E-value: 1.43e-04
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of the actin-like protein MamK family; MamK, also called ...
59-324
2.33e-04
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of the actin-like protein MamK family; MamK, also called magnetosome cytoskeleton protein MamK, is a protein with ATPase activity which forms dynamic cytoplasmic filaments (probably with paralog MamK-like) that may organize magnetosomes into long chains running parallel to the long axis of the cell. Turnover of MamK filaments is probably promoted by MamK-like (e.g.. MamJ and/or LimJ), which provides a monomer pool. MamK forms twisted filaments in the presence of ATP or GTP. It serves to close gaps between magnetosomes in the chain. Interaction with MCP10 is involved in controlling the response to magnetic fields, possibly by controlling flagellar rotation. The MamK family belongs to the ASKHA (Acetate and Sugar Kinases/Hsc70/Actin) superfamily, all members of which share a common characteristic five-stranded beta sheet occurring in both the N- and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 466859 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 328 Bit Score: 42.97 E-value: 2.33e-04
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of cell division protein FtsA and similar proteins; FtsA is an ...
157-241
3.57e-04
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of cell division protein FtsA and similar proteins; FtsA is an essential cell division protein that assists in the assembly of the Z ring. It may serve as the principal membrane anchor for the Z ring. It is also required for the recruitment to the septal ring of the downstream cell division proteins FtsK, FtsQ, FtsL, FtsI and FtsN. FtsA binds ATP. FtsA interacts with FtsZ. This interaction plays an essential role in cell division.
Pssm-ID: 466898 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 372 Bit Score: 42.52 E-value: 3.57e-04
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of the plasmid segregation protein ParM-like domain family; ...
9-89
3.68e-04
nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of the plasmid segregation protein ParM-like domain family; ParM is a plasmid-encoded bacterial homolog of actin, which polymerizes into filaments similar to F-actin, and plays a vital role in plasmid segregation. ParM filaments segregate plasmids paired at midcell into the individual daughter cells. This subfamily also contains Thermoplasma acidophilum Ta0583, an active ATPase at physiological temperatures, which has a propensity to form filaments. ParM-like proteins belong to the ASKHA (Acetate and Sugar Kinases/Hsc70/Actin) superfamily of phosphotransferases, all members of which share a common characteristic five-stranded beta sheet occurring in both the N- and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 466825 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 263 Bit Score: 42.12 E-value: 3.68e-04
Database: CDSEARCH/cdd Low complexity filter: no Composition Based Adjustment: yes E-value threshold: 0.01
References:
Wang J et al. (2023), "The conserved domain database in 2023", Nucleic Acids Res.51(D)384-8.
Lu S et al. (2020), "The conserved domain database in 2020", Nucleic Acids Res.48(D)265-8.
Marchler-Bauer A et al. (2017), "CDD/SPARCLE: functional classification of proteins via subfamily domain architectures.", Nucleic Acids Res.45(D)200-3.
of the residues that compose this conserved feature have been mapped to the query sequence.
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