uncharacterized protein Dmel_CG33639, isoform D [Drosophila melanogaster]
Protein Classification
G-protein coupled receptor( domain architecture ID 11606548)
G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) transmits physiological signals from the outside of the cell to the inside by binding to an extracellular agonist, which induces conformational changes that lead to the activation of heterotrimeric G proteins, which then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins
List of domain hits
| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | ||||||
| 7tmA_FMRFamide_R-like | cd14978 | FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe) receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of ... |
61-384 | 8.62e-66 | ||||||
FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe) receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes Drosophila melanogaster G-protein coupled FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2) receptor DrmFMRFa-R and related invertebrate receptors, as well as the vertebrate proteins GPR139 and GPR142. DrmFMRFa-R binds with high affinity to FMRFamide and intrinsic FMRFamide-related peptides. FMRFamide is a neuropeptide from the family of FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs), which all containing a C-terminal RFamide (Arg-Phe-NH2) motif and have diverse functions in the central and peripheral nervous systems. FMRFamide is an important neuropeptide in many types of invertebrates such as insects, nematodes, molluscs, and worms. In invertebrates, the FMRFamide-related peptides are involved in the regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, gut motility, feeding behavior, and reproduction. On the other hand, in vertebrates such as mice, they play a role in the modulation of morphine-induced antinociception. Orphan receptors GPR139 and GPR142 are very closely related G protein-coupled receptors, but they have different expression patterns in the brain and in other tissues. These receptors couple to inhibitory G proteins and activate phospholipase C. Studies suggested that dimer formation may be required for their proper function. GPR142 is predominantly expressed in pancreatic beta-cells and mediates enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, whereas GPR139 is mostly expressed in the brain and is suggested to play a role in the control of locomotor activity. Tryptophan and phenylalanine have been identified as putative endogenous ligands of GPR139. : Pssm-ID: 410630 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 299 Bit Score: 212.88 E-value: 8.62e-66
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| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | ||||||
| 7tmA_FMRFamide_R-like | cd14978 | FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe) receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of ... |
61-384 | 8.62e-66 | ||||||
FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe) receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes Drosophila melanogaster G-protein coupled FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2) receptor DrmFMRFa-R and related invertebrate receptors, as well as the vertebrate proteins GPR139 and GPR142. DrmFMRFa-R binds with high affinity to FMRFamide and intrinsic FMRFamide-related peptides. FMRFamide is a neuropeptide from the family of FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs), which all containing a C-terminal RFamide (Arg-Phe-NH2) motif and have diverse functions in the central and peripheral nervous systems. FMRFamide is an important neuropeptide in many types of invertebrates such as insects, nematodes, molluscs, and worms. In invertebrates, the FMRFamide-related peptides are involved in the regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, gut motility, feeding behavior, and reproduction. On the other hand, in vertebrates such as mice, they play a role in the modulation of morphine-induced antinociception. Orphan receptors GPR139 and GPR142 are very closely related G protein-coupled receptors, but they have different expression patterns in the brain and in other tissues. These receptors couple to inhibitory G proteins and activate phospholipase C. Studies suggested that dimer formation may be required for their proper function. GPR142 is predominantly expressed in pancreatic beta-cells and mediates enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, whereas GPR139 is mostly expressed in the brain and is suggested to play a role in the control of locomotor activity. Tryptophan and phenylalanine have been identified as putative endogenous ligands of GPR139. Pssm-ID: 410630 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 299 Bit Score: 212.88 E-value: 8.62e-66
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| 7tm_1 | pfam00001 | 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family); This family contains, amongst other ... |
77-271 | 9.33e-10 | ||||||
7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family); This family contains, amongst other G-protein-coupled receptors (GCPRs), members of the opsin family, which have been considered to be typical members of the rhodopsin superfamily. They share several motifs, mainly the seven transmembrane helices, GCPRs of the rhodopsin superfamily. All opsins bind a chromophore, such as 11-cis-retinal. The function of most opsins other than the photoisomerases is split into two steps: light absorption and G-protein activation. Photoisomerases, on the other hand, are not coupled to G-proteins - they are thought to generate and supply the chromophore that is used by visual opsins. Pssm-ID: 459624 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 256 Bit Score: 58.85 E-value: 9.33e-10
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| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | ||||||
| 7tmA_FMRFamide_R-like | cd14978 | FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe) receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of ... |
61-384 | 8.62e-66 | ||||||
FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe) receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes Drosophila melanogaster G-protein coupled FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2) receptor DrmFMRFa-R and related invertebrate receptors, as well as the vertebrate proteins GPR139 and GPR142. DrmFMRFa-R binds with high affinity to FMRFamide and intrinsic FMRFamide-related peptides. FMRFamide is a neuropeptide from the family of FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs), which all containing a C-terminal RFamide (Arg-Phe-NH2) motif and have diverse functions in the central and peripheral nervous systems. FMRFamide is an important neuropeptide in many types of invertebrates such as insects, nematodes, molluscs, and worms. In invertebrates, the FMRFamide-related peptides are involved in the regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, gut motility, feeding behavior, and reproduction. On the other hand, in vertebrates such as mice, they play a role in the modulation of morphine-induced antinociception. Orphan receptors GPR139 and GPR142 are very closely related G protein-coupled receptors, but they have different expression patterns in the brain and in other tissues. These receptors couple to inhibitory G proteins and activate phospholipase C. Studies suggested that dimer formation may be required for their proper function. GPR142 is predominantly expressed in pancreatic beta-cells and mediates enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, whereas GPR139 is mostly expressed in the brain and is suggested to play a role in the control of locomotor activity. Tryptophan and phenylalanine have been identified as putative endogenous ligands of GPR139. Pssm-ID: 410630 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 299 Bit Score: 212.88 E-value: 8.62e-66
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| 7tm_classA_rhodopsin-like | cd00637 | rhodopsin receptor-like class A family of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor ... |
65-377 | 1.15e-17 | ||||||
rhodopsin receptor-like class A family of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily; Class A rhodopsin-like receptors constitute about 90% of all GPCRs. The class A GPCRs include the light-sensitive rhodopsin as well as receptors for biogenic amines, lipids, nucleotides, odorants, peptide hormones, and a variety of other ligands. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Based on sequence similarity, GPCRs can be divided into six major classes: class A (rhodopsin-like family), class B (Methuselah-like, adhesion and secretin-like receptor family), class C (metabotropic glutamate receptor family), class D (fungal mating pheromone receptors), class E (cAMP receptor family), and class F (frizzled/smoothened receptor family). Nearly 800 human GPCR genes have been identified and are involved essentially in all major physiological processes. Approximately 40% of clinically marketed drugs mediate their effects through modulation of GPCR function for the treatment of a variety of human diseases including bacterial infections. Pssm-ID: 410626 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 275 Bit Score: 82.72 E-value: 1.15e-17
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| 7tm_1 | pfam00001 | 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family); This family contains, amongst other ... |
77-271 | 9.33e-10 | ||||||
7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family); This family contains, amongst other G-protein-coupled receptors (GCPRs), members of the opsin family, which have been considered to be typical members of the rhodopsin superfamily. They share several motifs, mainly the seven transmembrane helices, GCPRs of the rhodopsin superfamily. All opsins bind a chromophore, such as 11-cis-retinal. The function of most opsins other than the photoisomerases is split into two steps: light absorption and G-protein activation. Photoisomerases, on the other hand, are not coupled to G-proteins - they are thought to generate and supply the chromophore that is used by visual opsins. Pssm-ID: 459624 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 256 Bit Score: 58.85 E-value: 9.33e-10
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| 7tmA_NTSR-like | cd14979 | neurotensin receptors and related G protein-coupled receptors, member of the class A family of ... |
74-257 | 5.58e-09 | ||||||
neurotensin receptors and related G protein-coupled receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subfamily includes the neurotensin receptors and related G-protein coupled receptors, including neuromedin U receptors, growth hormone secretagogue receptor, motilin receptor, the putative GPR39 and the capa receptors from insects. These receptors all bind peptide hormones with diverse physiological effects. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320110 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 300 Bit Score: 56.98 E-value: 5.58e-09
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| 7tmA_GPRnna14-like | cd15001 | GPRnna14 and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
63-249 | 4.10e-08 | ||||||
GPRnna14 and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes the orphan G-protein coupled receptor GPRnna14 found in body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus) as well as its closely related proteins of unknown function. These receptors are members of the class A rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptors. As an obligatory parasite of humans, the body louse is an important vector for human diseases, including epidemic typhus, relapsing fever, and trench fever. GPRnna14 shares significant sequence similarity with the members of the neurotensin receptor family. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320132 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 266 Bit Score: 54.20 E-value: 4.10e-08
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| 7tmA_motilin_R | cd15132 | motilin receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ... |
66-170 | 6.78e-06 | ||||||
motilin receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Motilin receptor, also known as GPR38, is a G-protein coupled receptor that binds the endogenous ligand motilin. Motilin is a 22 amino acid peptide hormone expressed throughout the gastrointestinal tract and stimulates contraction of gut smooth muscle. Motilin is also called as the housekeeper of the gut because it is responsible for the proper filling and emptying of the gastrointestinal tract in response to food intake, and for stimulating the production of pepsin. Motilin receptor shares significant amino acid sequence identity with the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) and neurotensin receptors (NTS-R1 and 2). Pssm-ID: 320260 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 289 Bit Score: 47.48 E-value: 6.78e-06
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| 7tmA_GHSR-like | cd15928 | growth hormone secretagogue receptor, motilin receptor, and related proteins, member of the ... |
74-177 | 6.99e-06 | ||||||
growth hormone secretagogue receptor, motilin receptor, and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subfamily includes growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR or ghrelin receptor), motilin receptor (also called GPR38), and related proteins. Both GHSR and GPR38 bind peptide hormones. Ghrelin, the endogenous ligand for GHSR, is an acylated 28-amino acid peptide hormone produced by ghrelin cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Ghrelin is also called the hunger hormone and is involved in the regulation of growth hormone release, appetite and feeding, gut motility, lipid and glucose metabolism, and energy balance. Motilin, the ligand for GPR38, is a 22 amino acid peptide hormone expressed throughout the gastrointestinal tract and stimulates contraction of gut smooth muscle. It is involved in the regulation of digestive tract motility. Pssm-ID: 320594 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 288 Bit Score: 47.48 E-value: 6.99e-06
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| 7tmA_AstA_R_insect | cd15096 | allatostatin-A receptor in insects, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
69-381 | 1.26e-05 | ||||||
allatostatin-A receptor in insects, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The G protein-coupled AstA receptor binds allatostatin A. Three distinct types of allatostatin have been identified in the insects and crustaceans: AstA, AstB, and AstC. They both inhibit the biosynthesis of juvenile hormone and exert an inhibitory influence on food intake. Therefore, allatostatins are considered as potential targets for insect control. Pssm-ID: 320224 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 284 Bit Score: 46.91 E-value: 1.26e-05
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| 7tmA_Bombesin_R-like | cd15927 | bombesin receptor subfamily, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
66-170 | 4.82e-05 | ||||||
bombesin receptor subfamily, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This bombesin subfamily of G-protein coupled receptors consists of neuromedin B receptor (NMBR), gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), and bombesin receptor subtype 3 (BRS-3). Bombesin is a tetradecapeptide, originally isolated from frog skin. Mammalian bombesin-related peptides are widely distributed in the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems. The bombesin family receptors couple mainly to the G proteins of G(q/11) family. NMBR functions as the receptor for the neuropeptide neuromedin B, a potent mitogen and growth factor for normal and cancerous lung and for gastrointestinal epithelial tissues. Gastrin-releasing peptide is an endogenous ligand for GRPR and shares high sequence homology with NMB in the C-terminal region. Both NMB and GRP possess bombesin-like biochemical properties. BRS-3 is classified as an orphan receptor and suggested to play a role in sperm cell division and maturation. BRS-3 interacts with known naturally-occurring bombesin-related peptides with low affinity; however, no endogenous high-affinity ligand to the receptor has been identified. The bombesin receptor family belongs to the seven transmembrane rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptors (class A GPCRs), which perceive extracellular signals and transduce them to guanine nucleotide-binding (G) proteins. Pssm-ID: 320593 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 294 Bit Score: 44.95 E-value: 4.82e-05
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| 7tmA_GPR151 | cd15002 | G protein-coupled receptor 151, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
66-381 | 5.78e-05 | ||||||
G protein-coupled receptor 151, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; G-protein coupled receptor 151 (GRP151) is an orphan receptor of unknown function. Its expression is conserved in habenular axonal projections of vertebrates and may be a promising novel target for psychiatric drug development. GPR151 shows high sequence similarity with galanin receptors (GALR). GPR151 is a member of the class A rhodopsin-like GPCRs, which represent a widespread protein family that includes the light-sensitive rhodopsin as well as receptors for biogenic amines, lipids, nucleotides, odorants, peptide hormones, and a variety of other ligands. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320133 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 280 Bit Score: 44.71 E-value: 5.78e-05
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| 7tmA_Opsins_type2_animals | cd14969 | type 2 opsins in animals, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
63-176 | 9.03e-05 | ||||||
type 2 opsins in animals, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This rhodopsin family represents the type 2 opsins found in vertebrates and invertebrates except sponge. Type 2 opsins primarily function as G protein coupled receptors and are responsible for vision as well as for circadian rhythm and pigment regulation. On the contrary, type 1 opsins such as bacteriorhodopsin and proteorhodopsin are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes, functioning as light-gated ion channels, proton pumps, sensory receptors and in other unknown functions. Although these two opsin types share seven-transmembrane domain topology and a conserved lysine reside in the seventh helix, type 1 opsins do not activate G-proteins and are not evolutionarily related to type 2. Type 2 opsins can be classified into six distinct subfamilies including the vertebrate opsins/encephalopsins, the G(o) opsins, the G(s) opsins, the invertebrate G(q) opsins, the photoisomerases, and the neuropsins. Pssm-ID: 381741 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 284 Bit Score: 44.12 E-value: 9.03e-05
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| 7tmA_prokineticin-R | cd15204 | prokineticin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ... |
64-273 | 1.04e-04 | ||||||
prokineticin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Prokineticins 1 (PROK1) and 2 (PROK2), also known as endocrine gland vascular endothelial factor and Bombina varigata 8, respectively, are multifunctional chemokine-like peptides that are highly conserved across species. Prokineticins can bind with similar affinities to two closely homologous 7-transmembrane G protein coupled receptors, PROKR1 and PROKR2, which are phylogenetically related to the tachykinin receptors. Prokineticins and their GPCRs are widely distributed in human tissues and are involved in numerous physiological roles, including gastrointestinal motility, generation of circadian rhythms, neuron migration and survival, pain sensation, angiogenesis, inflammation, and reproduction. Moreover, different point mutations in genes encoding PROK2 or its receptor (PROKR2) can lead to Kallmann syndrome, a disease characterized by delayed or absent puberty and impaired olfactory function. Pssm-ID: 320332 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 288 Bit Score: 43.80 E-value: 1.04e-04
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| 7tm_GPCRs | cd14964 | seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily; This hierarchical evolutionary ... |
66-377 | 1.15e-04 | ||||||
seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily; This hierarchical evolutionary model represents the seven-transmembrane (7TM) receptors, often referred to as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which transmit physiological signals from the outside of the cell to the inside via G proteins. GPCRs constitute the largest known superfamily of transmembrane receptors across the three kingdoms of life that respond to a wide variety of extracellular stimuli including peptides, lipids, neurotransmitters, amino acids, hormones, and sensory stimuli such as light, smell and taste. All GPCRs share a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. However, some 7TM receptors, such as the type 1 microbial rhodopsins, do not activate G proteins. Based on sequence similarity, GPCRs can be divided into six major classes: class A (the rhodopsin-like family), class B (the Methuselah-like, adhesion and secretin-like receptor family), class C (the metabotropic glutamate receptor family), class D (the fungal mating pheromone receptors), class E (the cAMP receptor family), and class F (the frizzled/smoothened receptor family). Nearly 800 human GPCR genes have been identified and are involved essentially in all major physiological processes. Approximately 40% of clinically marketed drugs mediate their effects through modulation of GPCR function for the treatment of a variety of human diseases including bacterial infections. Pssm-ID: 410628 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 267 Bit Score: 43.57 E-value: 1.15e-04
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| 7tmA_UII-R | cd14999 | urotensin-II receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ... |
64-263 | 1.64e-04 | ||||||
urotensin-II receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The urotensin-II receptor (UII-R, also known as the hypocretin receptor) is a member of the class A rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptors, which binds the peptide hormone urotensin-II. Urotensin II (UII) is a vasoactive somatostatin-like or cortistatin-like peptide hormone. However, despite the apparent structural similarity to these peptide hormones, they are not homologous to UII. Urotensin II was first identified in fish spinal cord, but later found in humans and other mammals. In fish, UII is secreted at the back part of the spinal cord, in a neurosecretory centre called uroneurapophysa, and is involved in the regulation of the renal and cardiovascular systems. In mammals, urotensin II is the most potent mammalian vasoconstrictor identified to date and causes contraction of arterial blood vessels, including the thoracic aorta. The urotensin II receptor is a rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptor, which binds urotensin-II. The receptor was previously known as GPR14, or sensory epithelial neuropeptide-like receptor (SENR). The UII receptor is expressed in the CNS (cerebellum and spinal cord), skeletal muscle, pancreas, heart, endothelium and vascular smooth muscle. It is involved in the pathophysiological control of cardiovascular function and may also influence CNS and endocrine functions. Binding of urotensin II to the receptor leads to activation of phospholipase C, through coupling to G(q/11) family proteins. The resulting increase in intracellular calcium may cause the contraction of vascular smooth muscle. Pssm-ID: 320130 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 282 Bit Score: 43.20 E-value: 1.64e-04
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| 7tmA_MCHR2 | cd15339 | melanin concentrating hormone receptor 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane ... |
69-170 | 2.22e-04 | ||||||
melanin concentrating hormone receptor 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor (MCHR) binds melanin concentrating hormone and is presumably involved in the neuronal regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. Despite strong homology with somatostatin receptors, MCHR does not appear to bind somatostatin. Two MCHRs have been characterized in vertebrates, MCHR1 and MCHR2. MCHR1 is expressed in all mammals, whereas MCHR2 is only expressed in the higher order mammals, such as humans, primates, and dogs, and is not found in rodents. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320461 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 283 Bit Score: 42.88 E-value: 2.22e-04
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| 7tmA_MCHR-like | cd15088 | melanin concentrating hormone receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
66-384 | 2.85e-04 | ||||||
melanin concentrating hormone receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor (MCHR) binds melanin concentrating hormone and is presumably involved in the neuronal regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. Despite strong homology with somatostatin receptors, MCHR does not appear to bind somatostatin. Two MCHRs have been characterized in vertebrates, MCHR1 and MCHR2. MCHR1 is expressed in all mammals, whereas MCHR2 is only expressed in the higher order mammals, such as humans, primates, and dogs, and is not found in rodents. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320216 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 278 Bit Score: 42.44 E-value: 2.85e-04
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| 7tmA_CCKR-like | cd14993 | cholecystokinin receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of ... |
69-382 | 4.30e-04 | ||||||
cholecystokinin receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group represents four G-protein coupled receptors that are members of the RFamide receptor family, including cholecystokinin receptors (CCK-AR and CCK-BR), orexin receptors (OXR), neuropeptide FF receptors (NPFFR), and pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide receptor (QRFPR). These RFamide receptors are activated by their endogenous peptide ligands that share a common C-terminal arginine (R) and an amidated phenylanine (F) motif. CCK-AR (type A, alimentary; also known as CCK1R) is found abundantly on pancreatic acinar cells and binds only sulfated CCK-peptides with very high affinity, whereas CCK-BR (type B, brain; also known as CCK2R), the predominant form in the brain and stomach, binds CCK or gastrin and discriminates poorly between sulfated and non-sulfated peptides. CCK is implicated in regulation of digestion, appetite control, and body weight, and is involved in neurogenesis via CCK-AR. There is some evidence to support that CCK and gastrin, via their receptors, are involved in promoting cancer development and progression, acting as growth and invasion factors. Orexins (OXs; also referred to as hypocretins) are neuropeptide hormones that regulate the sleep-wake cycle and potently influence homeostatic systems regulating appetite and feeding behavior or modulating emotional responses such as anxiety or panic. OXs are synthesized as prepro-orexin (PPO) in the hypothalamus and then proteolytically cleaved into two forms of isoforms: orexin-A (OX-A) and orexin-B (OX-B). OXA is a 33 amino-acid peptide with N-terminal pyroglutamyl residue and two intramolecular disulfide bonds, whereas OXB is a 28 amino-acid linear peptide with no disulfide bonds. OX-A binds orexin receptor 1 (OX1R) with high-affinity, but also binds with somewhat low-affinity to OX2R, and signals primarily to Gq coupling, whereas OX-B shows a strong preference for the orexin receptor 2 (OX2R) and signals through Gq or Gi/o coupling. The 26RFa, also known as QRFP (Pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide), is a 26-amino acid residue peptide that exerts similar orexigenic activity including the regulation of feeding behavior in mammals. It is the ligand for G-protein coupled receptor 103 (GPR103), which is predominantly expressed in paraventricular (PVN) and ventromedial (VMH) nuclei of the hypothalamus. GPR103 shares significant protein sequence homology with orexin receptors (OX1R and OX2R), which have recently shown to produce a neuroprotective effect in Alzheimer's disease by forming a functional heterodimer with GPR103. Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) is a mammalian octapeptide that has been implicated in a wide range of physiological functions in the brain including pain sensitivity, insulin release, food intake, memory, blood pressure, and opioid-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia. The effects of NPFF are mediated through neuropeptide FF1 and FF2 receptors (NPFF1-R and NPFF2-R) which are predominantly expressed in the brain. NPFF induces pro-nociceptive effects, mainly through the NPFF1-R, and anti-nociceptive effects, mainly through the NPFF2-R. Pssm-ID: 320124 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 296 Bit Score: 42.20 E-value: 4.30e-04
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| 7tmA_TRH-R | cd14995 | thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
64-170 | 5.33e-04 | ||||||
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; TRH-R is a member of the class A rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors, which binds the tripeptide thyrotropin releasing hormone. The TRH-R activates phosphoinositide metabolism through a pertussis-toxin-insensitive G-protein, the G(q)/G(11) class. TRH stimulates the synthesis and release of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the anterior pituitary. TRH is produced in many other tissues, especially within the nervous system, where it appears to act as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator. It also stimulates the synthesis and release of prolactin. In the CNS, TRH stimulates a number of behavioral and pharmacological actions, including increased turnover of catecholamines in the nucleus accumbens. There are two thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptors in some mammals, thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (TRH1) which has been found in a number of species including rat, mouse, and human and thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 (TRH2) which has, only been found in rodents. These TRH receptors are found in high levels in the anterior pituitary, and are also found in the retina and in certain areas of the brain. Pssm-ID: 320126 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 269 Bit Score: 41.60 E-value: 5.33e-04
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| 7tmA_GPR84-like | cd15210 | G protein-coupled receptor 84 and similar proteins, member of the class A family of ... |
69-251 | 9.09e-04 | ||||||
G protein-coupled receptor 84 and similar proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; GPR84, also known as the inflammation-related G-Protein coupled receptor EX33, is a receptor for medium-chain free fatty acid (FFA) with carbon chain lengths of C9 to C14. Among these medium-chain FFAs, capric acid (C10:0), undecanoic acid (C11:0), and lauric acid (C12:0) are the most potent endogenous agonists of GPR84, whereas short-chain and long-chain saturated and unsaturated FFAs do not activate this receptor. GPR84 contains a [G/N]RY-motif instead of the highly conserved Asp-Arg-Tyr (DRY) motif found in the third transmembrane helix (TM3) of the rhodopsin-like class A receptors and important for efficient G protein-coupled signal transduction. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, which then activate the heterotrimeric G proteins. In the case of GPR84, activation of the receptor couples to a pertussis toxin sensitive G(i/o)-protein pathway. GPR84 knockout mice showed increased Th2 cytokine production including IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 compared to wild-type mice. It has been also shown that activation of GPR84 augments lipopolysaccharide-stimulated IL-8 production in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and TNF-alpha production in macrophages, suggesting that GPR84 may function as a proinflammatory receptor. Pssm-ID: 320338 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 254 Bit Score: 40.71 E-value: 9.09e-04
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| 7tmA_CCK_R | cd15206 | cholecystokinin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
69-170 | 1.89e-03 | ||||||
cholecystokinin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Cholecystokinin receptors (CCK-AR and CCK-BR) are a group of G-protein coupled receptors which bind the peptide hormones cholecystokinin (CCK) or gastrin. CCK, which facilitates digestion in the small intestine, and gastrin, a major regulator of gastric acid secretion, are highly similar peptides. Like gastrin, CCK is a naturally-occurring linear peptide that is synthesized as a preprohormone, then proteolytically cleaved to form a family of peptides with the common C-terminal sequence (Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2), which is required for full biological activity. CCK-AR (type A, alimentary; also known as CCK1R) is found abundantly on pancreatic acinar cells and binds only sulfated CCK-peptides with very high affinity, whereas CCK-BR (type B, brain; also known as CCK2R), the predominant form in the brain and stomach, binds CCK or gastrin and discriminates poorly between sulfated and non-sulfated peptides. CCK is implicated in regulation of digestion, appetite control, and body weight, and is involved in neurogenesis via CCK-AR. There is some evidence to support that CCK and gastrin, via their receptors, are involved in promoting cancer development and progression, acting as growth and invasion factors. Pssm-ID: 320334 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 269 Bit Score: 40.07 E-value: 1.89e-03
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| 7tmA_leucokinin-like | cd15393 | leucokinin-like peptide receptor from tick and related proteins, member of the class A family ... |
62-197 | 1.90e-03 | ||||||
leucokinin-like peptide receptor from tick and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subgroup includes a leucokinin-like peptide receptor from the Southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus, a pest of cattle world-wide. Leucokinins are invertebrate neuropeptides that exhibit myotropic and diuretic activity. This receptor is the first neuropeptide receptor known from the Acari and the second known in the subfamily of leucokinin-like peptide G-protein-coupled receptors. The other known leucokinin-like peptide receptor is a lymnokinin receptor from the mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis. Pssm-ID: 320515 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 288 Bit Score: 40.08 E-value: 1.90e-03
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| 7tmA_NMU-R2 | cd15357 | neuromedin U receptor subtype 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
65-170 | 1.91e-03 | ||||||
neuromedin U receptor subtype 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Neuromedin U (NMU) is a highly conserved neuropeptide with a common C-terminal heptapeptide sequence (FLFRPRN-amide) found at the highest levels in the gastrointestinal tract and pituitary gland of mammals. Disruption or replacement of residues in the conserved heptapeptide region can result in the reduced ability of NMU to stimulate smooth-muscle contraction. Two G-protein coupled receptor subtypes, NMU-R1 and NMU-R2, with a distinct expression pattern, have been identified to bind NMU. NMU-R1 is expressed primarily in the peripheral nervous system, while NMU-R2 is mainly found in the central nervous system. Neuromedin S, a 36 amino-acid neuropeptide that shares a conserved C-terminal heptapeptide sequence with NMU, is a highly potent and selective NMU-R2 agonist. Pharmacological studies have shown that both NMU and NMS inhibit food intake and reduce body weight, and that NMU increases energy expenditure. Pssm-ID: 320479 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 293 Bit Score: 39.85 E-value: 1.91e-03
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| 7tmA_NTSR1 | cd15355 | neurotensin receptor subtype 1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
72-200 | 2.44e-03 | ||||||
neurotensin receptor subtype 1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Neurotensin (NTS) is a 13 amino-acid neuropeptide that functions as both a neurotransmitter and a hormone in the nervous system and peripheral tissues, respectively. NTS exerts various biological activities through activation of the G protein-coupled neurotensin receptors, NTSR1 and NTSR2. In the brain, NTS is involved in the modulation of dopamine neurotransmission, opioid-independent analgesia, hypothermia, and the inhibition of food intake, while in the periphery NTS promotes the growth of various normal and cancer cells and acts as a paracrine and endocrine modulator of the digestive tract. The third neurotensin receptor, NTSR3 or also called sortilin, is not a G protein-coupled receptor. Pssm-ID: 320477 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 310 Bit Score: 39.83 E-value: 2.44e-03
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| 7tmA_QRFPR | cd15205 | pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane ... |
69-257 | 2.87e-03 | ||||||
pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; 26RFa, also known as QRFP (Pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide), is a 26-amino acid residue peptide that belongs to a family of neuropeptides containing an Arg-Phe-NH2 (RFamide) motif at its C-terminus. 26Rfa/QRFP exerts similar orexigenic activity including the regulation of feeding behavior in mammals. It is the ligand for G-protein coupled receptor 103 (GPR103), which is predominantly expressed in paraventricular (PVN) and ventromedial (VMH) nuclei of the hypothalamus. GPR103 shares significant protein sequence homology with orexin receptors (OX1R and OX2R), which have recently shown to produce a neuroprotective effect in Alzheimer's disease by forming a functional heterodimer with GPR103. Pssm-ID: 320333 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 298 Bit Score: 39.38 E-value: 2.87e-03
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| 7tmA_TACR_family | cd14992 | tachykinin receptor and closely related proteins, member of the class A family of ... |
64-257 | 3.02e-03 | ||||||
tachykinin receptor and closely related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subfamily includes G-protein coupled receptors for a variety of neuropeptides of the tachykinin (TK) family as well as closely related receptors. The tachykinins are widely distributed throughout the mammalian central and peripheral nervous systems and act as excitatory transmitters on neurons and cells in the gastrointestinal tract. The TKs are characterized by a common five-amino acid C-terminal sequence, Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2, where X is a hydrophobic residue. The three major mammalian tachykinins are substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB). The physiological actions of tachykinins are mediated through three types of receptors: neurokinin receptor type 1 (NK1R), NK2R, and NK3R. SP is a high-affinity endogenous ligand for NK1R, which interacts with the Gq protein and activates phospholipase C, leading to elevation of intracellular calcium. NK2R is a high-affinity receptor for NKA, the tachykinin neuropeptide substance K. SP and NKA are found in the enteric nervous system and mediate in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility, secretion, vascular permeability, and pain perception. NK3R is activated by its high-affinity ligand, NKB, which is primarily involved in the central nervous system and plays a critical role in the regulation of gonadotropin hormone release and the onset of puberty. Pssm-ID: 320123 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 291 Bit Score: 39.34 E-value: 3.02e-03
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| 7tmA_NTSR | cd15130 | neurotensin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ... |
69-200 | 4.40e-03 | ||||||
neurotensin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Neurotensin (NTS) is a 13 amino-acid neuropeptide that functions as both a neurotransmitter and a hormone in the nervous system and peripheral tissues, respectively. NTS exerts various biological activities through activation of the G protein-coupled neurotensin receptors, NTSR1 and NTSR2. In the brain, NTS is involved in the modulation of dopamine neurotransmission, opioid-independent analgesia, hypothermia, and the inhibition of food intake, while in the periphery NTS promotes the growth of various normal and cancer cells and acts as a paracrine and endocrine modulator of the digestive tract. The third neurotensin receptor, NTSR3 or also called sortilin, is not a G protein-coupled receptor. Pssm-ID: 320258 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 281 Bit Score: 38.77 E-value: 4.40e-03
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| 7tmA_purinoceptor-like | cd14982 | purinoceptor and its related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
63-170 | 4.44e-03 | ||||||
purinoceptor and its related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Members of this subfamily include lysophosphatidic acid receptor, P2 purinoceptor, protease-activated receptor, platelet-activating factor receptor, Epstein-Barr virus induced gene 2, proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors, GPR35, and GPR55, among others. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 341318 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 283 Bit Score: 38.79 E-value: 4.44e-03
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| 7tmA_GPR135 | cd15212 | G protein-coupled receptor 135, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
62-197 | 5.37e-03 | ||||||
G protein-coupled receptor 135, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; GPR135, also known as the somatostatin- and angiotensin-like peptide receptor (SALPR), is found in various tissues including eye, brain, cervix, stomach, and testis. Pharmacological studies have shown that relaxin-3 (R3) is a high-affinity endogenous ligand for GPR135. R3 has recently been identified as a new member of the insulin/relaxin family of peptide hormones and is exclusively expressed in the brain neurons. In addition to GPR135, R3 also acts as an agonist for GPR142, a pseudogene in the rat, and can activate LGR7 (leucine repeat-containing G-protein receptor-7), which is the main receptor for relaxin-1 (R1) and relaxin-2 (R2). While R1 and R2 are hormones primarily associated with reproduction and pregnancy, R3 is involved in neuroendocrine and sensory processing. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320340 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 285 Bit Score: 38.60 E-value: 5.37e-03
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| 7tmA_GPR139 | cd15919 | G-protein-coupled receptor GPR139, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
69-381 | 5.53e-03 | ||||||
G-protein-coupled receptor GPR139, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; GPR139, a vertebrate orphan receptor, is very closely related to GPR142, but they have different expression patterns in the brain and in other tissues. These receptors couple to inhibitory G proteins and activate phospholipase C. Studies suggested that dimer formation may be required for their proper function. GPR142 is predominantly expressed in pancreatic beta-cells and plays an important role in mediating insulin secretion and maintaining glucose homeostasis, whereas GPR139 is expressed almost exclusively in the brain and is suggested to play a role in the control of locomotor activity. Tryptophan and phenylalanine have been identified as putative endogenous ligands of GPR139. These orphan receptors are phylogenetically clustered with invertebrate FMRFamide receptors such as Drosophila melanogaster DrmFMRFa-R. Pssm-ID: 320585 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 270 Bit Score: 38.34 E-value: 5.53e-03
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| 7tmA_NTSR2 | cd15356 | neurotensin receptor subtype 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
66-200 | 5.84e-03 | ||||||
neurotensin receptor subtype 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Neurotensin (NTS) is a 13 amino-acid neuropeptide that functions as both a neurotransmitter and a hormone in the nervous system and peripheral tissues, respectively. NTS exerts various biological activities through activation of the G protein-coupled neurotensin receptors, NTSR1 and NTSR2. In the brain, NTS is involved in the modulation of dopamine neurotransmission, opioid-independent analgesia, hypothermia, and the inhibition of food intake, while in the periphery NTS promotes the growth of various normal and cancer cells and acts as a paracrine and endocrine modulator of the digestive tract. The third neurotensin receptor, NTSR3 or also called sortilin, is not a G protein-coupled receptor. Pssm-ID: 320478 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 285 Bit Score: 38.31 E-value: 5.84e-03
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| 7tmA_GPR39 | cd15135 | G protein-coupled receptor 39, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
65-200 | 5.88e-03 | ||||||
G protein-coupled receptor 39, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; GPR39 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor that belongs to the growth hormone secretagogue and neurotensin receptor subfamily. GPR39 is expressed in peripheral tissues such as pancreas, gut, gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney as well as certain regions of the brain. The divalent metal ion Zn(2+) has been shown to be a ligand capable of activating GPR39. Thus, it has been suggested that GPR39 function as a G(q)-coupled Zn(2+)-sensing receptor which involved in the regulation of endocrine pancreatic function, body weight, gastrointestinal mobility, and cell death. Pssm-ID: 320263 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 320 Bit Score: 38.62 E-value: 5.88e-03
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| 7tmA_PAR4 | cd15372 | protease-activated receptor 4, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
63-194 | 6.06e-03 | ||||||
protease-activated receptor 4, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Protease-acted receptors (PARs) are seven-transmembrane proteins that belong to the class A G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family. Four different types of the protease-activated receptors have been identified: PAR1, PAR2, PAR3, and PAR4. PARs are predominantly expressed in platelets and are activated by serine proteases such as thrombin, trypsin, and tryptase. These proteases cleave the extracellular domain of the receptor to form a new N-terminus, which in turn functions as a tethered ligand. The newly-formed tethered ligand binds intramolecularly to activate the receptor and triggers G-protein binding and intracellular signaling. PAR1, PA3, and PAR4 are activated by thrombin, whereas PAR2 is activated by trypsin. The PARs are known to couple with several G-proteins including Gi (cAMP inhibitory), G12/13 (Rho and Ras activation), and Gq (calcium signaling) to activate downstream signaling messengers which induces numerous cellular and physiological effects. Pssm-ID: 320494 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 274 Bit Score: 38.19 E-value: 6.06e-03
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| 7tmA_amine_R-like | cd14967 | amine receptors and similar proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
63-384 | 8.01e-03 | ||||||
amine receptors and similar proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Amine receptors of the class A family of GPCRs include adrenoceptors, 5-HT (serotonin) receptors, muscarinic cholinergic receptors, dopamine receptors, histamine receptors, and trace amine receptors. The receptors of amine subfamily are major therapeutic targets for the treatment of neurological disorders and psychiatric diseases. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320098 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 259 Bit Score: 37.93 E-value: 8.01e-03
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| 7tmA_Mel1 | cd15209 | melatonin receptor 1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ... |
66-381 | 8.24e-03 | ||||||
melatonin receptor 1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a naturally occurring sleep-promoting chemical found in vertebrates, invertebrates, bacteria, fungi, and plants. In mammals, melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland and is involved in regulation of circadian rhythms. Its production peaks during the nighttime, and is suppressed by light. Melatonin is shown to be synthesized in other organs and cells of many vertebrates, including the Harderian gland, leukocytes, skin, and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which contains several hundred times more melatonin than the pineal gland and is involved in the regulation of GI motility, inflammation, and sensation. Melatonin exerts its pleiotropic physiological effects through specific membrane receptors, named MT1A, MT1B, and MT1C, which belong to the class A rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptor family. MT1A and MT1B subtypes are present in mammals, whereas MT1C subtype has been found in amphibians and birds. The melatonin receptors couple to G proteins of the G(i/o) class, leading to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase. Pssm-ID: 320337 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 279 Bit Score: 37.84 E-value: 8.24e-03
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