ArfGAP domain of ASAP2 (ArfGAP2 with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2); The Arf GAPs are a family of multidomain proteins with a common catalytic domain that promotes the hydrolysis of GTP bound to Arf , thereby inactivating Arf signaling. ASAP-subfamily GAPs include three members: ASAP1, ASAP2, ASAP3. The ASAP subfamily comprises Arf GAP, SH3, ANK repeat and PH domains. From the N-terminus, each member has a BAR, PH, Arf GAP, ANK repeat, and proline rich domains. Unlike ASAP3, ASAP1 and ASAP2 also have an SH3 domain at the C-terminus. ASAP1 and ASAP2 show strong GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity toward Arf1 and Arf5 and weak activity toward Arf6. ASAP1 is a target of Src and FAK signaling that regulates focal adhesions, circular dorsal ruffles (CDR), invadopodia, and podosomes. ASAP1 GAP activity is synergistically stimulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidic acid. ASAP2 is believed to function as an ArfGAP that controls ARF-mediated vesicle budding when recruited to Golgi membranes. It also functions as a substrate and downstream target for protein tyrosine kinases Pyk2 and Src, a pathway that may be involved in the regulation of vesicular transport.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 206597526  419 LTKEIISEVQRMTGNDVCCDCGAPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGIHRELGVHYSRMQSLTLDVLGTSELLLAKNIGNAGFN 498
Cdd:cd08849     1 LTKEIISEVQRMTGNDVCCDCGAPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGIHRELGVHYSRMQSLTLDVLGTSELLLAKNIGNAGFN 80

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 206597526  499 EIMECCLPSEDPVKPNPGSDMIARKDYITAKYMERRYARKKHA 541
Cdd:cd08849    81 EIMEACLPAEDVVKPNPGSDMNARKDYITAKYIERRYARKKHA 123

Src homology 3 domain of ArfGAP with SH3 domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain containing protein 2; ASAP2 is also called DDEF2 (Development and Differentiation Enhancing Factor 2), AMAP2, centaurin beta-3, or PAG3. It mediates the functions of Arf GTPases vial dual mechanisms: it exhibits GTPase activating protein (GAP) activity towards class I (Arf1) and II (Arf5) Arfs; and it binds class III Arfs (GTP-Arf6) stably without GAP activity. It binds paxillin and is implicated in Fcgamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis in macrophages and in cell migration. ASAP2 contains an N-terminal BAR domain, followed by a Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, an Arf GAP domain, ankyrin (ANK) repeats, and a C-terminal SH3 domain. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 206597526  942 RVKALYNCVADNPDELTFSEGDVIIVDGEEDQEWWIGHIDGEPSRKGAFPVSFVHF 997
Cdd:cd11966     1 RVKALYNCVADNPDELTFSEGEIIIVDGEEDKEWWIGHIDGEPTRRGAFPVSFVHF 56

ArfGAP domain of ASAP2 (ArfGAP2 with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2); The Arf GAPs are a family of multidomain proteins with a common catalytic domain that promotes the hydrolysis of GTP bound to Arf , thereby inactivating Arf signaling. ASAP-subfamily GAPs include three members: ASAP1, ASAP2, ASAP3. The ASAP subfamily comprises Arf GAP, SH3, ANK repeat and PH domains. From the N-terminus, each member has a BAR, PH, Arf GAP, ANK repeat, and proline rich domains. Unlike ASAP3, ASAP1 and ASAP2 also have an SH3 domain at the C-terminus. ASAP1 and ASAP2 show strong GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity toward Arf1 and Arf5 and weak activity toward Arf6. ASAP1 is a target of Src and FAK signaling that regulates focal adhesions, circular dorsal ruffles (CDR), invadopodia, and podosomes. ASAP1 GAP activity is synergistically stimulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidic acid. ASAP2 is believed to function as an ArfGAP that controls ARF-mediated vesicle budding when recruited to Golgi membranes. It also functions as a substrate and downstream target for protein tyrosine kinases Pyk2 and Src, a pathway that may be involved in the regulation of vesicular transport.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 206597526  419 LTKEIISEVQRMTGNDVCCDCGAPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGIHRELGVHYSRMQSLTLDVLGTSELLLAKNIGNAGFN 498
Cdd:cd08849     1 LTKEIISEVQRMTGNDVCCDCGAPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGIHRELGVHYSRMQSLTLDVLGTSELLLAKNIGNAGFN 80

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 206597526  499 EIMECCLPSEDPVKPNPGSDMIARKDYITAKYMERRYARKKHA 541
Cdd:cd08849    81 EIMEACLPAEDVVKPNPGSDMNARKDYITAKYIERRYARKKHA 123

Putative GTPase activating protein for Arf; Putative zinc fingers with GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) towards the small GTPase, Arf. The GAP of ARD1 stimulates GTPase hydrolysis for ARD1 but not ARFs.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 206597526   421 KEIISEVQRMTGNDVCCDCGAPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGIHRELGVHYSRMQSLTLDVLGTSELLLAKNIGNAGFNEI 500
Cdd:pfam01412    1 KRVLRELLKLPGNKVCADCGAPNPTWASVNLGIFICIDCSGVHRSLGVHISKVRSLTLDTWTDEQLELMKAGGNDRANEF 80

                           90       100       110
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 206597526   501 MECCLPseDPVKPNPGSDMIARKDYITAKYMERRYARK 538
Cdd:pfam01412   81 WEANLP--PSYKPPPSSDREKRESFIRAKYVEKKFAKP 116

Putative GTP-ase activating proteins for the small GTPase, ARF; Putative zinc fingers with GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) towards the small GTPase, Arf. The GAP of ARD1 stimulates GTPase hydrolysis for ARD1 but not ARFs.

                            10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 206597526    424 ISEVQRMTGNDVCCDCGAPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGIHRELGVHYSRMQSLTLDVLGTSELLLAKNIGNAGFNEIMEc 503
Cdd:smart00105    1 LKLLRSIPGNKKCFDCGAPNPTWASVNLGVFLCIECSGIHRSLGVHISKVRSLTLDTWTEEELRLLQKGGNENANSIWE- 79

                            90       100       110
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 206597526    504 CLPSEDPVKPNPGSDMIARKDYITAKYMERR 534
Cdd:smart00105   80 SNLDDFSLKPPDDDDQQKYESFIAAKYEEKL 110

BAR domain of APPL family; BAR_12 is the BAR coiled-coil domain at the N-terminus of APPL or adaptor protein containing PH domain, PTB domain, and leucine zipper motif proteins in higher eukaryotes. This BAR domain contains four helices whereas the other classical BAR domains contain only three helices. The first three helices form an antiparallel coiled-coil, while the fourth helix, is unique to APPL1. BAR domains take part in many varied biological processes such as fission of synaptic vesicles, endocytosis, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, transcriptional repression, cell-cell fusion, apoptosis, secretory vesicle fusion, and tissue differentiation.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 206597526    88 CRDDPDLGSAFLKFSVFTKELTALFKNLIQNMNNIISFPLDSLLKGDLKGVKgDLKKPFDKAWKDYETKITKiekekkeH 167
Cdd:pfam16746   66 FIGDEETDESLKKFSQLLQEMENFHTILLDQAQRTIIKPLENFRKEDLKEVK-ELKKKFDKASEKLDAALEK-------N 137

                           90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 206597526   168 AKLHGMIR-TEISgaEIAEEMEKERRFFQLQMCEYLLKVNEIKVKKGVDLLQNLIKYFHAQCNFFQDGLKAVESLKPSIE 246
Cdd:pfam16746  138 AQLSKKKKpSELE--EADNELAATRKCFHHASLDYVLQINELQERKKFEILEPLLSFMHAQFTFFHQGYELFKDLEPFMK 215

                          170
                   ....*....|....*.
gi 206597526   247 TLSTDLHTAQDEERRQ 262
Cdd:pfam16746  216 DLQAQLQQTREDTREE 231

Src homology 3 domains; Src homology 3 (SH3) domains bind to target proteins through sequences containing proline and hydrophobic amino acids. Pro-containing polypeptides may bind to SH3 domains in 2 different binding orientations.

                            10        20        30        40        50
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 206597526    939 KPKRVKALYNCVADNPDELTFSEGDVIIVDGEEDQEWWIGHIDGEpsRKGAFPVSFV 995
Cdd:smart00326    1 EGPQVRALYDYTAQDPDELSFKKGDIITVLEKSDDGWWKGRLGRG--KEGLFPSNYV 55

PH domain; PH stands for pleckstrin homology.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 206597526   306 TERNGNLYKKSDGIRKVWQKRKCSVKNGFLTI----SHGTANRPPAKLNLLTCQVKT-----NPEEKKCFDLISHD---- 372
Cdd:pfam00169    1 VVKEGWLLKKGGGKKKSWKKRYFVLFDGSLLYykddKSGKSKEPKGSISLSGCEVVEvvasdSPKRKFCFELRTGErtgk 80

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|....*
gi 206597526   373 RTYHFQAEDEQECQIWMSVLQNSKE 397
Cdd:pfam00169   81 RTYLLQAESEEERKDWIKAIQSAIR 105

ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein AGD10; Provisional

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 206597526  423 IISEVQRMTGNDVCCDCGAPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGIHRELGVHYSRMQSLTLDVLGTSELLLAKNIGN 494
Cdd:PLN03114   12 VFKKLKAKSDNKICFDCNAKNPTWASVTYGIFLCIDCSAVHRSLGVHISFVRSTNLDSWSSEQLKMMIYGGN 83

ankyrin-like protein; Provisional

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 206597526  547 LHSLCEAVKtrDIF-GLLQAYADgVDLTEKIplanghepDETALHLAVRSvdRTSLHIVDFLVQNSGNLDKQTGKGSTAL 625
Cdd:PHA03095   55 LHYSSEKVK--DIVrLLLEAGAD-VNAPERC--------GFTPLHLYLYN--ATTLDVIKLLIKAGADVNAKDKVGRTPL 121

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 206597526  626 HYCCLTDN--AECLKLLLRGKASIEIANESGETPLDI 660
Cdd:PHA03095  122 HVYLSGFNinPKVIRLLLRKGADVNALDLYGMTPLAV 158

The Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain of ArfGAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain containing proteins; BAR domains are dimerization, lipid binding and curvature sensing modules found in many different proteins with diverse functions. This subfamily is composed of ASAPs (ArfGAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain containing proteins), which are Arf GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) with similarity to ACAPs (ArfGAP with Coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain containing proteins) in that they contain an N-terminal BAR domain, followed by a Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, an Arf GAP domain, and ankyrin (ANK) repeats. However, ASAPs contain an additional C-terminal SH3 domain. ASAPs function in regulating cell growth, migration, and invasion. Vertebrates contain at least three members, ASAP1, ASAP2, and ASAP3. ASAP1 and ASAP2 shows GTPase activating protein (GAP) activity towards Arf1 and Arf5. They do not show GAP activity towards Arf6, but is able to mediate Arf6 signaling by binding stably to GTP-Arf6. ASAP3 is an Arf6-specific GAP. BAR domains form dimers that bind to membranes, induce membrane bending and curvature, and may also be involved in protein-protein interactions. The BAR domain of ASAP1 mediates membrane bending, is essential for function, and autoinhibits GAP activity by interacting with the PH and/or Arf GAP domains.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 206597526   34 RNTVAAIEEALDVDRMVLYKMKKSVKAINISGLAHVENEEQYTQALEKFGGNCVCRDDPDLGSAFLKFSVFTKELTALFK 113
Cdd:cd07604     1 RNTVGALEESLEGDRVGLQKLKKAVKAIHNSGLAHVENELQFAEALEKLGSKALSREEEDLGAAFLKFSVFTKELAALFK 80

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 206597526  114 NLIQNMNNIISFPLDSLLKGDLKGVKGDLKKPFDKAWKDYETKITKIEKEKKEHAKLHGMIRTEISGAEIAEEMEKERRF 193
Cdd:cd07604    81 NLMQNLNNIIMFPLDSLLKGDLKGSKGDLKKPFDKAWKDYETKASKIEKEKKQLAKEAGMIRTEITGAEIAEEMEKERRM 160

                         170       180       190       200       210
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 206597526  194 FQLQMCEYLLKVNEIKVKKGVDLLQNLIKYFHAQCNFFQDGLKAVESLKPSIETL 248
Cdd:cd07604   161 FQLQMCEYLIKVNEIKTKKGVDLLQHLVEYYHAQNSYFQDGLKVIEHFRPYIEKL 215

ArfGAP domain of ASAP2 (ArfGAP2 with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2); The Arf GAPs are a family of multidomain proteins with a common catalytic domain that promotes the hydrolysis of GTP bound to Arf , thereby inactivating Arf signaling. ASAP-subfamily GAPs include three members: ASAP1, ASAP2, ASAP3. The ASAP subfamily comprises Arf GAP, SH3, ANK repeat and PH domains. From the N-terminus, each member has a BAR, PH, Arf GAP, ANK repeat, and proline rich domains. Unlike ASAP3, ASAP1 and ASAP2 also have an SH3 domain at the C-terminus. ASAP1 and ASAP2 show strong GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity toward Arf1 and Arf5 and weak activity toward Arf6. ASAP1 is a target of Src and FAK signaling that regulates focal adhesions, circular dorsal ruffles (CDR), invadopodia, and podosomes. ASAP1 GAP activity is synergistically stimulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidic acid. ASAP2 is believed to function as an ArfGAP that controls ARF-mediated vesicle budding when recruited to Golgi membranes. It also functions as a substrate and downstream target for protein tyrosine kinases Pyk2 and Src, a pathway that may be involved in the regulation of vesicular transport.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 206597526  419 LTKEIISEVQRMTGNDVCCDCGAPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGIHRELGVHYSRMQSLTLDVLGTSELLLAKNIGNAGFN 498
Cdd:cd08849     1 LTKEIISEVQRMTGNDVCCDCGAPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGIHRELGVHYSRMQSLTLDVLGTSELLLAKNIGNAGFN 80

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 206597526  499 EIMECCLPSEDPVKPNPGSDMIARKDYITAKYMERRYARKKHA 541
Cdd:cd08849    81 EIMEACLPAEDVVKPNPGSDMNARKDYITAKYIERRYARKKHA 123

ArfGAP domain of ASAP (Arf GAP, SH3, ANK repeat and PH domains) subfamily of ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating proteins; The ArfGAPs are a family of multidomain proteins with a common catalytic domain that promotes the hydrolysis of GTP bound to Arf, thereby inactivating Arf signaling. ASAP-subfamily GAPs include three members: ASAP1, ASAP2, ASAP3. The ASAP subfamily comprises Arf GAP, SH3, ANK repeat and PH domains. From the N-terminus, each member has a BAR, PH, Arf GAP, ANK repeat, and proline rich domains. Unlike ASAP3, ASAP1 and ASAP2 also have an SH3 domain at the C-terminus. ASAP1 and ASAP2 show strong GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity toward Arf1 and Arf5 and weak activity toward Arf6. ASAP1 is a target of Src and FAK signaling that regulates focal adhesions, circular dorsal ruffles (CDR), invadopodia, and podosomes. ASAP1 GAP activity is synergistically stimulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidic acid. ASAP2 is believed to function as an ArfGAP that controls ARF-mediated vesicle budding when recruited to Golgi membranes. It also functions as a substrate and downstream target for protein tyrosine kinases Pyk2 and Src, a pathway that may be involved in the regulation of vesicular transport. ASAP3 is a focal adhesion-associated ArfGAP that functions in cell migration and invasion. Similar to ASAP1, the GAP activity of ASAP3 is strongly enhanced by PIP2 via PH domain. Like ASAP1, ASAP3 associates with focal adhesions and circular dorsal ruffles. However, unlike ASAP1, ASAP3 does not localize to invadopodia or podosomes. Both ASAP 1 and 3 have been implicated in oncogenesis, as ASAP1 is highly expressed in metastatic breast cancer and ASAP3 in hepatocellular carcinoma.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 206597526  419 LTKEIISEVQRMTGNDVCCDCGAPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGIHRELGVHYSRMQSLTLDVLGTSELLLAKNIGNAGFN 498
Cdd:cd08834     1 LTKSIIAEVKRLPGNDVCCDCGSPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGVHRELGVHVSRIQSLTLDNLGTSELLLARNLGNEGFN 80

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 206597526  499 EIMECCLPseDPVKPNPGSDMIARKDYITAKYMERRYAR 537
Cdd:cd08834    81 EIMEANLP--PGYKPTPNSDMEERKDFIRAKYVEKKFVV 117

ArfGAP domain of ASAP1 (ArfGAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1); The ArfGAPs are a family of multidomain proteins with a common catalytic domain that promotes the hydrolysis of GTP bound to Arf, thereby inactivating Arf signaling. ASAP-subfamily GAPs include three members: ASAP1, ASAP2, ASAP3. The ASAP subfamily comprises Arf GAP, SH3, ANK repeat and PH domains. From the N-terminus, each member has a BAR, PH, Arf GAP, ANK repeat, and proline rich domains. Unlike ASAP3, ASAP1 and ASAP2 also have an SH3 domain at the C-terminus. ASAP1 and ASAP2 show strong GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity toward Arf1 and Arf5 and weak activity toward Arf6. ASAP1 is a target of Src and FAK signaling that regulates focal adhesions, circular dorsal ruffles (CDR), invadopodia, and podosomes. ASAP1 GAP activity is synergistically stimulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidic acid. ASAP2 is believed to function as an ArfGAP that controls ARF-mediated vesicle budding when recruited to Golgi membranes. It also functions as a substrate and downstream target for protein tyrosine kinases Pyk2 and Src, a pathway that may be involved in the regulation of vesicular transport. ASAP3 is a focal adhesion-associated ArfGAP that functions in cell migration and invasion. Similar to ASAP1, the GAP activity of ASAP3 is strongly enhanced by PIP2 via PH domain. Like ASAP1, ASAP3 associates with focal adhesions and circular dorsal ruffles. However, unlike ASAP1, ASAP3 does not localize to invadopodia or podosomes. ASAP 1 and 3 have been implicated in oncogenesis, as ASAP1 is highly expressed in metastatic breast cancer and ASAP3 in hepatocellular carcinoma.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 206597526  419 LTKEIISEVQRMTGNDVCCDCGAPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGIHRELGVHYSRMQSLTLDVLGTSELLLAKNIGNAGFN 498
Cdd:cd08848     1 LTKAIIDDVQRLPGNEVCCDCGSPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGIHREMGVHISRIQSLELDKLGTSELLLAKNVGNNSFN 80

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 206597526  499 EIMECCLPSEDPvKPNPGSDMIARKDYITAKYMERRYARK 538
Cdd:cd08848    81 DIMEGNLPSPSP-KPSPSSDMTARKEYITAKYVEHRFSRK 119

GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for the ADP ribosylation factors (ARFs); ArfGAPs are a family of proteins containing an ArfGAP catalytic domain that induces the hydrolysis of GTP bound to the small guanine nucleotide-binding protein Arf, a member of the Ras superfamily of GTPases. Like all GTP-binding proteins, Arf proteins function as molecular switches, cycling between GTP (active-membrane bound) and GDP (inactive-cytosolic) form. Conversion to the GTP-bound form requires a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), whereas conversion to the GDP-bound form is catalyzed by a GTPase activating protein (GAP). In that sense, ArfGAPs were originally proposed to function as terminators of Arf signaling, which is mediated by regulating Arf family GTP-binding proteins. However, recent studies suggest that ArfGAPs can also function as Arf effectors, independently of their GAP enzymatic activity to transduce signals in cells. The ArfGAP domain contains a C4-type zinc finger motif and a conserved arginine that is required for activity, within a specific spacing (CX2CX16CX2CX4R). ArfGAPs, which have multiple functional domains, regulate the membrane trafficking and actin cytoskeleton remodeling via specific interactions with signaling lipids such as phosphoinositides and trafficking proteins, which consequently affect cellular events such as cell growth, migration, and cancer invasion. The ArfGAP family, which includes 31 human ArfGAP-domain containing proteins, is divided into 10 subfamilies based on domain structure and sequence similarity. The ArfGAP nomenclature is mainly based on the protein domain structure. For example, ASAP1 contains ArfGAP, SH3, ANK repeat and PH domains; ARAPs contain ArfGAP, Rho GAP, ANK repeat and PH domains; ACAPs contain ArfGAP, BAR (coiled coil), ANK repeat and PH domains; and AGAPs contain Arf GAP, GTP-binding protein-like, ANK repeat and PH domains. Furthermore, the ArfGAPs can be classified into two major types of subfamilies, according to the overall domain structure: the ArfGAP1 type includes 6 subfamilies (ArfGAP1, ArfGAP2/3, ADAP, SMAP, AGFG, and GIT), which contain the ArfGAP domain at the N-terminus of the protein; and the AZAP type includes 4 subfamilies (ASAP, ACAP, AGAP, and ARAP), which contain an ArfGAP domain between the PH and ANK repeat domains.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 206597526  424 ISEVQRMTGNDVCCDCGAPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGIHRELGVHYSRMQSLTLDVLGTSELLLAKNIGNAGFNEIMEC 503
Cdd:cd08204     1 LEELLKLPGNKVCADCGAPDPRWASINLGVFICIRCSGIHRSLGVHISKVRSLTLDSWTPEQVELMKAIGNARANAYYEA 80

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 206597526  504 CLPSeDPVKPNPGSDMIARKDYITAKY 530
Cdd:cd08204    81 NLPP-GFKKPTPDSSDEEREQFIRAKY 106

ArfGAP domain of ACAP (ArfGAP with Coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domains) proteins; ArfGAP domain is an essential part of ACAP proteins that play important role in endocytosis, actin remodeling and receptor tyrosine kinase-dependent cell movement. ACAP subfamily of ArfGAPs are composed of coiled coils (BAR, Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs), PH, ArfGAP and ANK repeats domains. ACAP1 (centaurin beta1) and ACAP2 centaurin beta2) have a GAP (GTPase-activating protein) activity preferentially toward Arf6, which regulates endocytic recycling. Both ACAP1/2 are activated by are activated by the phosphoinositides, PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,5)P2. ACAP1 binds specifically with recycling cargo proteins such as transferrin receptor (TfR) and cellubrevin. Thus, ACAP1 promotes cargo sorting to enhance TfR recycling from the recycling endosome. In addition, phosphorylation of ACAP by Akt, a serine/threonine protein kinase, regulates the recycling of integrin beta1 to control cell migration. In contrast, ACAP2 does not exhibit a similar interaction with the recycling cargo proteins. It has been shown that ACAP2 functions both as an effector of Ras-related protein Rab35 and as an Arf6-GTPase-activating protein (GAP) during neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. In addition, ACAP2, together with Rab35, regulates phagocytosis in mammalian macrophages. ACAP3 also positively regulates neurite outgrowth through its GAP activity specific to Arf6 in mouse hippocampal neurons.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 206597526  423 IISEVQRMTGNDVCCDCGAPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGIHRELGVHYSRMQSLTLDVLgTSELL-LAKNIGNAGFNEIM 501
Cdd:cd08835     3 ALEQVLSVPGNAQCCDCGSPDPRWASINLGVTLCIECSGIHRSLGVHVSKVRSLTLDSW-EPELLkVMLELGNDVVNRIY 81

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 206597526  502 ECCLPSEDPVKPNPGSDMIARKDYITAKYMERRYA 536
Cdd:cd08835    82 EANVPDDGSVKPTPDSSRQEREAWIRAKYVEKKFV 116

ArfGAP domain of ACAP3 (ArfGAP with Coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domains 3); ACAP3 belongs to the ACAP subfamily of GAPs (GTPase-activating proteins) for the small GTPase Arf (ADP-ribosylation factor). ACAP subfamily of ArfGAPs are composed of Coiled coli (BAR, Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs), PH, ArfGAP and ANK repeats domains. It has been shown that ACAP3 positively regulates neurite outgrowth through its GAP activity specific to Arf6 in mouse hippocampal neurons. ACAP1 (centaurin beta1) and ACAP2 centaurin beta2) also have a GAP (GTPase-activating protein) activity preferentially toward Arf6, which regulates endocytic recycling. Both ACAP1/2 are activated by are activated by the phosphoinositides, PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,5)P2. ACAP1 binds specifically with recycling cargo proteins such as transferrin receptor (TfR) and cellubrevin. Thus, ACAP1 promotes cargo sorting to enhance TfR recycling from the recycling endosome. In addition, phosphorylation of ACAP by Akt, a serine/threonine protein kinase, regulates the recycling of integrin beta1 to control cell migration. In contrast, ACAP2 does not exhibit a similar interaction with the recycling cargo proteins. It has been shown that ACAP2 functions both as an effector of Ras-related protein Rab35 and as an Arf6-GTPase-activating protein (GAP) during neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. Moreover, ACAP2, together with Rab35, regulates phagocytosis in mammalian macrophages.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 206597526  423 IISEVQRMTGNDVCCDCGAPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGIHRELGVHYSRMQSLTLDVLGTSELLLAKNIGNAGFNEIME 502
Cdd:cd08850     3 ILQRVQSIAGNDQCCDCGQPDPRWASINLGILLCIECSGIHRSLGVHCSKVRSLTLDSWEPELLKLMCELGNSTVNQIYE 82

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 206597526  503 CCLPSEDPVKPNPGSDMIARKDYITAKYMERRY 535
Cdd:cd08850    83 AQCEELGLKKPTASSSRQDKEAWIKAKYVEKKF 115

ArfGAP domain of ACAP2 (ArfGAP with Coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domains 2); ACAP2 belongs to the ACAP subfamily of GAPs (GTPase-activating proteins) for the small GTPase Arf (ADP-ribosylation factor). ACAP subfamily of ArfGAPs are composed of Coiled coli (BAR, Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs), PH, ArfGAP and ANK repeats domains. ACAP1 (centaurin beta1) and ACAP2 centaurin beta2) have a GAP (GTPase-activating protein) activity preferentially toward Arf6, which regulates endocytic recycling. Both ACAP1/2 are activated by are activated by the phosphoinositides, PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,5)P2. ACAP1 binds specifically with recycling cargo proteins such as transferrin receptor (TfR) and cellubrevin. Thus, ACAP1 promotes cargo sorting to enhance TfR recycling from the recycling endosome. In addition, phosphorylation of ACAP by Akt, a serine/threonine protein kinase, regulates the recycling of integrin beta1 to control cell migration. In contrast, ACAP2 does not exhibit a similar interaction with the recycling cargo proteins. It has been shown that ACAP2 functions both as an effector of Ras-related protein Rab35 and as an Arf6-GTPase-activating protein (GAP) during neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. Moreover, ACAP2, together with Rab35, regulates phagocytosis in mammalian macrophages. ACAP3 also positively regulates neurite outgrowth through its GAP activity specific to Arf6 in mouse hippocampal neurons.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 206597526  424 ISEVQRMTGNDVCCDCGAPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGIHRELGVHYSRMQSLTLDVLGTSELLLAKNIGNAGFNEIMEC 503
Cdd:cd08851     4 LQRVQCIPGNASCCDCGLADPRWASINLGITLCIECSGIHRSLGVHFSKVRSLTLDTWEPELLKLMCELGNDVINRIYEA 83

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 206597526  504 CLPSEDPVKPNPGSDMIARKDYITAKYMERRY 535
Cdd:cd08851    84 RVEKMGAKKPQPGGQRQEKEAYIRAKYVERKF 115

ArfGAP domain of ACAP1 (ArfGAP with Coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domains 1); ACAP1 belongs to the ACAP subfamily of GAPs (GTPase-activating proteins) for the small GTPase Arf (ADP-ribosylation factor). ACAP subfamily of ArfGAPs are composed of Coiled coli (BAR, Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs), PH, ArfGAP and ANK repeats domains. ACAP1 (centaurin beta1) and ACAP2 centaurin beta2) have a GAP (GTPase-activating protein) activity preferentially toward Arf6, which regulates endocytic recycling. Both ACAP1/2 are activated by are activated by the phosphoinositides, PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,5)P2. ACAP1 binds specifically with recycling cargo proteins such as transferrin receptor (TfR) and cellubrevin. Thus, ACAP1 promotes cargo sorting to enhance TfR recycling from the recycling endosome. In addition, phosphorylation of ACAP by Akt, a serine/threonine protein kinase, regulates the recycling of integrin beta1 to control cell migration. In contrast, ACAP2 does not exhibit a similar interaction with the recycling cargo proteins. It has been shown that ACAP2 functions both as an effector of Ras-related protein Rab35 and as an Arf6-GTPase-activating protein (GAP) during neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. Moreover, ACAP2, together with Rab35, regulates phagocytosis in mammalian macrophages. ACAP3 also positively regulates neurite outgrowth through its GAP activity specific to Arf6 in mouse hippocampal neurons.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 206597526  421 KEIISEVQRMTGNDVCCDCGAPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGIHRELGVHYSRMQSLTLDVLGTSELLLAKNIGNAGFNEI 500
Cdd:cd08852     1 GHAVAQVQSVDGNAQCCDCREPAPEWASINLGVTLCIQCSGIHRSLGVHFSKVRSLTLDSWEPELVKLMCELGNVIINQI 80

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 206597526  501 MECCLPSEDPVKPNPGSDMIARKDYITAKYMERRYARK 538
Cdd:cd08852    81 YEARIEAMAIKKPGPSSSRQEKEAWIRAKYVEKKFITK 118

ArfGAP with GTPase domain, ANK repeat and PH domain 1; The AGAP subfamily of ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating proteins (Arf GAPs) includes three members: AGAP1-3. In addition to the Arf GAP domain, AGAP proteins contain GTP-binding protein-like, ANK repeat and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains. AGAP1 and AGAP2 have phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2)-mediated GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity preferentially toward Arf1, and function in the endocytic system. AGAP1 and AGAP2 independently regulate AP-3 endosomes and AP-1/Rab4 fast recycling endosomes, respectively. AGAP1, via its PH domain, directly interacts with the adapter protein 3 (AP-3), which is a coat protein involved in trafficking in the endosomal-lysosomal system, and regulates AP-3-dependent trafficking. In other hand, AGAP2 specifically binds the clathrin adaptor protein AP-1 and regulates the AP-1/Rab-4 dependent endosomal trafficking. AGAP2 is overexpressed in different human cancers including prostate carcinoma and glioblastoma, and promotes cancer cell invasion. AGAP3 exists as a component of the NMDA receptor complex that regulates Arf6 and Ras/ERK signaling pathways. Moreover, AGAP3 regulates AMPA receptor trafficking through the ArfGAP domain. Together, AGAP3 is believed to involve in linking NMDA receptor activation to AMPA receptor trafficking.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 206597526  424 ISEVQRMTGNDVCCDCGAPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGIHRELGVHYSRMQSLTLDVLGTSELLLAKNIGNAGFNEIMEC 503
Cdd:cd08854     4 IQAIRNAKGNSLCVDCGAPNPTWASLNLGALICIECSGIHRNLGTHLSRVRSLDLDDWPRELTLVLTAIGNHMANSIWES 83

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 206597526  504 ClpSEDPVKPNPGSDMIARKDYITAKY 530
Cdd:cd08854    84 C--TQGRTKPAPDSSREERESWIRAKY 108

Src homology 3 domain of ArfGAP with SH3 domain, ankyrin repeat and PH domain containing protein 1; ASAP1 is also called DDEF1 (Development and Differentiation Enhancing Factor 1), AMAP1, centaurin beta-4, or PAG2. an Arf GTPase activating protein (GAP) with activity towards Arf1 and Arf5 but not Arf6. However, it has been shown to bind GTP-Arf6 stably without GAP activity. It has been implicated in cell growth, migration, and survival, as well as in tumor invasion and malignancy. It binds paxillin and cortactin, two components of invadopodia which are essential for tumor invasiveness. It also binds focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and the SH2/SH3 adaptor CrkL. ASAP1 contains an N-terminal BAR domain, followed by a Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, an Arf GAP domain, ankyrin (ANK) repeats, and a C-terminal SH3 domain. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 206597526  942 RVKALYNCVADNPDELTFSEGDVIIVDGEEDQEWWIGHIDGEPSRKGAFPVSFVHFI 998
Cdd:cd11965     1 RVKTIYDCQADNDDELTFVEGEVIIVTGEEDQEWWIGHIEGQPERKGVFPVSFVHIL 57

GTPase-activating protein that regulates ARFs (ADP-ribosylation factors), involved in ARF-mediated vesicular transport [Intracellular trafficking and secretion];

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 206597526  420 TKEIISEVQRMTGNDVCCDCGAPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGIHRELGVHYSRMQSLTLDVLGTSELLLAKNIGNAGFNE 499
Cdd:COG5347     7 DRKLLKLLKSDSSNKKCADCGAPNPTWASVNLGVFLCIDCAGVHRSLGVHISKVKSLTLDNWTEEELRRMEVGGNSNANR 86

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 206597526  500 IMECCLPSEDPVKPNPGSDMIARKDYITAKYMERR 534
Cdd:COG5347    87 FYEKNLLDQLLLPIKAKYDSSVAKKYIRKKYELKK 121

Stromal membrane-associated proteins; a subfamily of the ArfGAP family; The SMAP subfamily of Arf GTPase-activating proteins consists of the two structurally-related members, SMAP1 and SMAP2. Each SMAP member exhibits common and distinct functions in vesicle trafficking. They both bind to clathrin heavy chain molecules and are involved in the trafficking of clathrin-coated vesicles. SMAP1 preferentially exhibits GAP toward Arf6, while SMAP2 prefers Arf1 as a substrate. SMAP1 is involved in Arf6-dependent vesicle trafficking, but not Arf6-mediated actin cytoskeleton reorganization, and regulates clathrin-dependent endocytosis of the transferrin receptors and E-cadherin. SMAP2 regulates Arf1-dependent retrograde transport of TGN38/46 from the early endosome to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). SMAP2 has the Clathrin Assembly Lymphoid Myeloid (CALM)-binding domain, but SMAP1 does not.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 206597526  424 ISEVQRMTGNDVCCDCGAPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGIHRELGVHYSRMQSLTLDVLGTSELLLAKNIGNAGFNEIMEC 503
Cdd:cd08839     1 LAKLLREEDNKYCADCGAKGPRWASWNLGVFICIRCAGIHRNLGVHISKVKSVNLDSWTPEQVQSMQEMGNARANAYYEA 80

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 206597526  504 CLPsEDPVKPNPGSDMiarKDYITAKY 530
Cdd:cd08839    81 NLP-DGFRRPQTDSAL---ENFIRDKY 103

ARF1 GTPase-activating protein 1-like; ArfGAP (ADP Ribosylation Factor GTPase Activating Protein) domain is a part of ArfGap1-like proteins that play a crucial role in controlling of membrane trafficking, particularly in the formation of COPI (coat protein complex I)-coated vesicles on Golgi membranes. The ArfGAP1 protein subfamily consists of three members: ArfGAP1 (Gcs1p in yeast), ArfGAP2 and ArfGAP3 (both are homologs of yeast Glo3p). ArfGAP2/3 are closely related, but with little similarity to ArfGAP1, except the catalytic ArfGAP domain. They promote hydrolysis of GTP bound to the small G protein ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1), which leads to the dissociation of coat proteins from Golgi-derived membranes and vesicles. Dissociation of the coat proteins is required for the fusion of these vesicles with target compartments. Thus, the GAP catalytic activity plays a key role in the formation of COPI vesicles from Golgi membrane. In contrast to ArfGAP1, which displays membrane curvature-dependent ArfGAP activity, ArfGAP2 and ArfGAP3 activities are dependent on coatomer (the core COPI complex) which required for efficient recruitment of ArfGAP2 and ArfGAP3 to the Golgi membrane. Accordingly, ArfGAP2/3 has been implicated in coatomer-mediated protein transport between the Golgi complex and the endoplasmic reticulum. Unlike ArfGAP1, which is controlled by membrane curvature through its amphipathic lipid packing sensor (ALPS) motifs, ArfGAP2/3 do not possess ALPS motif.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 206597526  420 TKEIISEVQRMTGNDVCCDCGAPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGIHRELGVHYSRMQSLTLDVLGTSELLLAKNIGNAGFNE 499
Cdd:cd08959     1 TRAVFKKLRSKPENKVCFDCGAKNPQWASVTYGIFICLDCSGVHRGLGVHISFVRSTTMDKWTEEQLRKMKVGGNANARE 80

Arf1 GTPase-activating protein 2/3-like; ArfGAP (ADP Ribosylation Factor GTPase Activating Protein) domain is a part of ArfGap1-like proteins that play a crucial role in controlling of membrane trafficking, particularly in the formation of COPI (coat protein complex I)-coated vesicles on Golgi membranes. The ArfGAP1 protein subfamily consists of three members: ArfGAP1 (Gcs1p in yeast), ArfGAP2 and ArfGAP3 (both are homologs of yeast Glo3p). ArfGAP2/3 are closely related, but with little similarity to ArfGAP1, except the catalytic ArfGAP domain. They promote hydrolysis of GTP bound to the small G protein ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1), which leads to the dissociation of coat proteins from Golgi-derived membranes and vesicles. Dissociation of the coat proteins is required for the fusion of these vesicles with target compartments. Thus, the GAP catalytic activity plays a key role in the formation of COPI vesicles from Golgi membrane. In contrast to ArfGAP1, which displays membrane curvature-dependent ArfGAP activity, ArfGAP2 and ArfGAP3 activities are dependent on coatomer (the core COPI complex) which required for efficient recruitment of ArfGAP2 and ArfGAP3 to the Golgi membrane. Accordingly, ArfGAP2/3 has been implicated in coatomer-mediated protein transport between the Golgi complex and the endoplasmic reticulum. Unlike ArfGAP1, which is controlled by membrane curvature through its amphipathic lipid packing sensor (ALPS) motifs, ArfGAP2/3 do not possess ALPS motif.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 206597526  420 TKEIISEVQRMTGNDVCCDCGAPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGIHRELGVHYSRMQSLTLDVLGTSELLLAKNIGNAGFNE 499
Cdd:cd08831     2 RDAIFKKLRSKPENKVCFDCGAKNPTWASVTFGVFLCLDCSGVHRSLGVHISFVRSTNLDSWTPEQLRRMKVGGNAKARE 81

The Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain, a dimerization module that binds membranes and detects membrane curvature; BAR domains are dimerization, lipid binding and curvature sensing modules found in many different proteins with diverse functions including organelle biogenesis, membrane trafficking or remodeling, and cell division and migration. Mutations in BAR containing proteins have been linked to diseases and their inactivation in cells leads to altered membrane dynamics. A BAR domain with an additional N-terminal amphipathic helix (an N-BAR) can drive membrane curvature. These N-BAR domains are found in amphiphysins and endophilins, among others. BAR domains are also frequently found alongside domains that determine lipid specificity, such as the Pleckstrin Homology (PH) and Phox Homology (PX) domains which are present in beta centaurins (ACAPs and ASAPs) and sorting nexins, respectively. A FES-CIP4 Homology (FCH) domain together with a coiled coil region is called the F-BAR domain and is present in Pombe/Cdc15 homology (PCH) family proteins, which include Fes/Fes tyrosine kinases, PACSIN or syndapin, CIP4-like proteins, and srGAPs, among others. The Inverse (I)-BAR or IRSp53/MIM homology Domain (IMD) is found in multi-domain proteins, such as IRSp53 and MIM, that act as scaffolding proteins and transducers of a variety of signaling pathways that link membrane dynamics and the underlying actin cytoskeleton. BAR domains form dimers that bind to membranes, induce membrane bending and curvature, and may also be involved in protein-protein interactions. The I-BAR domain induces membrane protrusions in the opposite direction compared to classical BAR and F-BAR domains, which produce membrane invaginations. BAR domains that also serve as protein interaction domains include those of arfaptin and OPHN1-like proteins, among others, which bind to Rac and Rho GAP domains, respectively.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 206597526   44 LDVDRMVLYKMKKSVKAINISGLAHVENEEQYTQALEKFGGNCVCRDDPDLGSAFLKFSVFTKELTALFKNLIQNMNNII 123
Cdd:cd07307     2 LDELEKLLKKLIKDTKKLLDSLKELPAAAEKLSEALQELGKELPDLSNTDLGEALEKFGKIQKELEEFRDQLEQKLENKV 81

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 206597526  124 SFPLDSLLKGDLKGVKgDLKKPFDKAWKDYETKITKIEKEKKEHAKLHGMIRTEisgaeiaEEMEKERRFFQLQMCEYLL 203
Cdd:cd07307    82 IEPLKEYLKKDLKEIK-KRRKKLDKARLDYDAAREKLKKLRKKKKDSSKLAEAE-------EELQEAKEKYEELREELIE 153

                         170       180       190       200
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 206597526  204 KVNEIKVKKGVDLLQNLIKYFHAQCNFFQDGLKAVESLKPS 244
Cdd:cd07307   154 DLNKLEEKRKELFLSLLLSFIEAQSEFFKEVLKILEQLLPY 194

ADAP1 GTPase activating protein for Arf, with dual PH domains; The ADAP subfamily, ArfGAPs with dual pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, includes two members: ADAP1 and ADAP2. Both ADAP1 (also known as centaurin-alpha1, p42(IP4), or PIP3BP) and ADAP2 (centaurin-alpha2) display a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity toward Arf6 (ADP-ribosylation factor 6), which is involved in protein trafficking that regulates endocytic recycling, cytoskeleton remodeling, and neuronal differentiation. ADAP2 has high sequence similarity to the ADAP1 and they both contain a ArfGAP domain at the N-terminus, followed by two PH domains. However, ADAP1, unlike ADAP2, contains a putative N-terminal nuclear localization signal. The PH domains of ADAP1bind to the two second messenger molecules phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3) and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (I(1,3,4,5)P4) with identical high affinity, whereas those of ADAP2 specifically binds phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PI(3,4)P2) and PI(3,4,5)P3, which are produced by activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. ADAP1 is predominantly expressed in the brain neurons, while ADAP2 is broadly expressed, including the adipocytes, heart, and skeletal muscle but not in the brain. The limited distribution and high expression of ADAP1 in the brain indicates that ADAP1 is important for neuronal functions. ADAP1 has been shown to highly expressed in the neurons and plagues of Alzheimer's disease patients. In other hand, ADAP2 gene deletion has been shown to cause circulatory deficiencies and heart shape defects in zebrafish, indicating that ADAP2 has a vital role in heart development. Taken together, the hemizygous deletion of ADAP2 gene may be contributing to the cardiovascular malformation in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) microdeletions.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 206597526  417 QELTKEIISEVQRMTGNDVCCDCGAPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGIHRELGvHYSRMQSLTLDVLGTSELLLAKNIGNAG 496
Cdd:cd08843     1 GKERRRAVLELLQRPGNARCADCGAPDPDWASYTLGVFICLSCSGIHRNIP-QVSKVKSVRLDAWEEAQVEFMASHGNDA 79

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 206597526  497 FNEIMECCLPSEdPVKPNPGSDMIARKDYITAKY 530
Cdd:cd08843    80 ARARFESKVPSF-YYRPTPSDCQLLREQWIRAKY 112

ArfGap with Rho-Gap domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2; The ARAP subfamily includes three members, ARAP1-3, and belongs to the ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating proteins (Arf GAPs) family of proteins that promotes the hydrolysis of GTP bound to Arf, thereby inactivating Arf signaling. The function of Arfs is dependent on GAPs and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which allow Arfs to cycle between the GDP-bound and GTP-bound forms. In addition to the Arf GAP domain, ARAPs contain the SAM (sterile-alpha motif) domain, 5 pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, the Rho-GAP domain, the Ras-association domain, and ANK repeats. ARAPs show phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3)-dependent GAP activity toward Arf6. ARAPs play important roles in endocytic trafficking, cytoskeleton reorganization in response to growth factors stimulation, and focal adhesion dynamics. ARAP2 localizes to the cell periphery and on focal adhesions composed of paxillin and vinculin, and functions downstream of RhoA to regulate focal adhesion dynamics. ARAP2 is a PI(3,4,5)P3-dependent Arf6 GAP that binds RhoA-GTP, but it lacks the predicted catalytic arginine in the RhoGAP domain and does not have RhoGAP activity. ARAP2 reduces Rac1oGTP levels by reducing Arf6oGTP levels through GAP activity. AGAP2 also binds to and regulates focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Thus, ARAP2 signals through Arf6 and Rac1 to control focal adhesion morphology.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 206597526  433 NDVCCDCGAPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGIHRELGVHYSRMQSLTLDVLGTS----ELLLAknIGNAGFNEIMECCLPSE 508
Cdd:cd08856    18 NRSCADCKAPDPDWASINLCVVICKKCAGQHRSLGPKDSKVRSLKMDASIWSneliELFIV--VGNKPANLFWAANLFSE 95

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 206597526  509 DPVkpNPGSDMIARKDYITAKYMERRY 535
Cdd:cd08856    96 EDL--HMDSDVEQRTPFITQKYKEGKF 120