second type I K homology (KH) RNA-binding domain found in the family of MEX-3 RNA-binding proteins; The MEX-3 protein family includes four members, MEX3A/RKHD4, MEX3B/RKHD3/RNF195, MEX3C/ RKHD2/RNF194, and MEX3D/RKHD1/RNF193/TINO. They are homologous of Caenorhabditis elegans MEX-3 protein, a translational regulator that specifies the posterior blastomere identity in the early embryo and contributes to the maintenance of the germline totipotency. Mex-3 proteins are RNA-binding phosphoproteins involved in post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. They are characterized by containing two K-homology (KH) RNA-binding domains and a C-terminal RING finger. They bind RNA through their KH domains and shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm via the CRM1-dependent export pathway. The model corresponds to the second KH domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 158508713 317 PGQTTVQVRVPYRVVGLVVGPKGATIKRIQQQTHTYIVTPSRDKEPVFEVTGMPENVDRAREEIEMHIAMRT 388
Cdd:cd22424    1 PGQTTIQVRVPYRVVGLVVGPKGATIKRIQQQTHTYIVTPSRDKEPVFEVTGMPENVERAREEIEAHIAMRT 72

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RNA-binding protein MEX3C; MEX3C, also known as RING finger and KH domain-containing protein 2 (RKHD2), or RING finger protein 194 (RNF194), is an RNA-binding phosphoprotein that acts as a suppressor of chromosomal instability. It functions as an ubiquitin E3 ligase responsible for the post-transcriptional, HLA-A allotype-specific regulation of MHC class I molecules (MHC-I). It also modifies retinoic acid inducible gene-1 (RIG-I) in stress granules and plays a critical role in eliciting antiviral immune responses. Moreover, MEX3C plays an essential role in normal postnatal growth via enhancing the local expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in bone. It may also be involved in metabolic regulation of energy balance. MEX3C contains two K homology (KH) domains that provide RNA-binding capacity, and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. Like other MEX-3 family proteins, MEX3C shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm via the CRM1-dependent export pathway.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 158508713 598 KHDCVICFENEVIAALVPCGHNLFCMECANKICEKRTPSCPVCQTAVTQAIQIHS 652
Cdd:cd16722    1 KHDCVICFENEVIAALVPCGHNLFCMECANKICEKETPSCPVCQTAVTQAIQIHS 55

second type I K homology (KH) RNA-binding domain found in the family of MEX-3 RNA-binding proteins; The MEX-3 protein family includes four members, MEX3A/RKHD4, MEX3B/RKHD3/RNF195, MEX3C/ RKHD2/RNF194, and MEX3D/RKHD1/RNF193/TINO. They are homologous of Caenorhabditis elegans MEX-3 protein, a translational regulator that specifies the posterior blastomere identity in the early embryo and contributes to the maintenance of the germline totipotency. Mex-3 proteins are RNA-binding phosphoproteins involved in post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. They are characterized by containing two K-homology (KH) RNA-binding domains and a C-terminal RING finger. They bind RNA through their KH domains and shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm via the CRM1-dependent export pathway. The model corresponds to the second KH domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 158508713 317 PGQTTVQVRVPYRVVGLVVGPKGATIKRIQQQTHTYIVTPSRDKEPVFEVTGMPENVDRAREEIEMHIAMRT 388
Cdd:cd22424    1 PGQTTIQVRVPYRVVGLVVGPKGATIKRIQQQTHTYIVTPSRDKEPVFEVTGMPENVERAREEIEAHIAMRT 72

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RNA-binding protein MEX3C; MEX3C, also known as RING finger and KH domain-containing protein 2 (RKHD2), or RING finger protein 194 (RNF194), is an RNA-binding phosphoprotein that acts as a suppressor of chromosomal instability. It functions as an ubiquitin E3 ligase responsible for the post-transcriptional, HLA-A allotype-specific regulation of MHC class I molecules (MHC-I). It also modifies retinoic acid inducible gene-1 (RIG-I) in stress granules and plays a critical role in eliciting antiviral immune responses. Moreover, MEX3C plays an essential role in normal postnatal growth via enhancing the local expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in bone. It may also be involved in metabolic regulation of energy balance. MEX3C contains two K homology (KH) domains that provide RNA-binding capacity, and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. Like other MEX-3 family proteins, MEX3C shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm via the CRM1-dependent export pathway.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 158508713 598 KHDCVICFENEVIAALVPCGHNLFCMECANKICEKRTPSCPVCQTAVTQAIQIHS 652
Cdd:cd16722    1 KHDCVICFENEVIAALVPCGHNLFCMECANKICEKETPSCPVCQTAVTQAIQIHS 55

Zinc finger, C3HC4 type (RING finger);

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 158508713  601 CVICFENEVIAALVPCGHNLFCMECANKIcEKRTPSCPVCQTAVTQ 646
Cdd:pfam13920   5 CVICLDRPRNVVLLPCGHLCLCEECAERL-LRKKKKCPICRQPIES 49

KH domain; KH motifs bind RNA in vitro. Autoantibodies to Nova, a KH domain protein, cause paraneoplastic opsoclonus ataxia.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 158508713  226 TECVPVPSSeHVAEIVGRQGCKIKALRAKTNTYIKTPVRGEEP---IFVVTGRKEDVAMAKREILS 288
Cdd:pfam00013   1 TVEILVPSS-LVGLIIGKGGSNIKEIREETGAKIQIPPSESEGnerIVTITGTPEAVEAAKALIEE 65

Ring finger; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity is intrinsic to the RING domain of c-Cbl and is likely to be a general function of this domain; Various RING fingers exhibit binding activity towards E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (Ubc' s)

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 158508713   601 CVICFENEVIAALV-PCGHnLFCMECANKICEKRTPSCPVC 640
Cdd:smart00184   1 CPICLEEYLKDPVIlPCGH-TFCRSCIRKWLESGNNTCPIC 40

second type I K homology (KH) RNA-binding domain found in the family of MEX-3 RNA-binding proteins; The MEX-3 protein family includes four members, MEX3A/RKHD4, MEX3B/RKHD3/RNF195, MEX3C/ RKHD2/RNF194, and MEX3D/RKHD1/RNF193/TINO. They are homologous of Caenorhabditis elegans MEX-3 protein, a translational regulator that specifies the posterior blastomere identity in the early embryo and contributes to the maintenance of the germline totipotency. Mex-3 proteins are RNA-binding phosphoproteins involved in post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. They are characterized by containing two K-homology (KH) RNA-binding domains and a C-terminal RING finger. They bind RNA through their KH domains and shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm via the CRM1-dependent export pathway. The model corresponds to the second KH domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 158508713 317 PGQTTVQVRVPYRVVGLVVGPKGATIKRIQQQTHTYIVTPSRDKEPVFEVTGMPENVDRAREEIEMHIAMRT 388
Cdd:cd22424    1 PGQTTIQVRVPYRVVGLVVGPKGATIKRIQQQTHTYIVTPSRDKEPVFEVTGMPENVERAREEIEAHIAMRT 72

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RNA-binding protein MEX3C; MEX3C, also known as RING finger and KH domain-containing protein 2 (RKHD2), or RING finger protein 194 (RNF194), is an RNA-binding phosphoprotein that acts as a suppressor of chromosomal instability. It functions as an ubiquitin E3 ligase responsible for the post-transcriptional, HLA-A allotype-specific regulation of MHC class I molecules (MHC-I). It also modifies retinoic acid inducible gene-1 (RIG-I) in stress granules and plays a critical role in eliciting antiviral immune responses. Moreover, MEX3C plays an essential role in normal postnatal growth via enhancing the local expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in bone. It may also be involved in metabolic regulation of energy balance. MEX3C contains two K homology (KH) domains that provide RNA-binding capacity, and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. Like other MEX-3 family proteins, MEX3C shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm via the CRM1-dependent export pathway.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 158508713 598 KHDCVICFENEVIAALVPCGHNLFCMECANKICEKRTPSCPVCQTAVTQAIQIHS 652
Cdd:cd16722    1 KHDCVICFENEVIAALVPCGHNLFCMECANKICEKETPSCPVCQTAVTQAIQIHS 55

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RNA-binding protein MEX3B; MEX3B, also known as RING finger and KH domain-containing protein 3 (RKHD3), or RING finger protein 195 (RNF195), is an RNA-binding phosphoprotein that localizes in P-bodies and stress granules, which are two structures involved in the storage and turnover of mRNAs. It regulates the spatial organization of the Rap1 pathway that orchestrates Sertoli cell functions. It has a 3' long conserved untranslated region (3'LCU)-mediated fine-tuning system for mRNA regulation in early vertebrate development such as anteroposterior (AP) patterning and signal transduction. MEX3B contains two K homology (KH) domains that provide RNA-binding capacity, and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. Like other MEX-3 family proteins, MEX3B shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm via the CRM1-dependent export pathway.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 158508713 600 DCVICFENEVIAALVPCGHNLFCMECANKICEKRTPSCPVCQTAVTQAIQIHS 652
Cdd:cd16721    6 DCSICFESEVIAALVPCGHNLFCMECANRICEKNEPQCPVCHAAVTQAIRIFS 58

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RNA-binding protein MEX3A; MEX3A, also known as RING finger and KH domain-containing protein 4 (RKHD4), is an RNA-binding phosphoprotein that localizes in P-bodies and stress granules, which are two structures involved in the storage and turnover of mRNAs. It has been implicated in the regulation of tumorigenesis. It controls the polarity and stemness of intestinal epithelial cells through the post-transcriptional regulation of the homeobox transcription factor CDX2, which plays a crucial role in intestinal cell fate specification, both during normal development and in tumorigenic processes involving intestinal reprogramming. Moreover, it exhibits a transforming activity when overexpressed in gastric epithelial cells. MEX3A contains two K homology (KH) domains that provide RNA-binding capacity, and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. Like other MEX-3 family proteins, MEX3A shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm via the CRM1-dependent export pathway.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 158508713 600 DCVICFENEVIAALVPCGHNLFCMECANKICEKRTPSCPVCQTAVTQAIQIHS 652
Cdd:cd16720    4 DCMVCFESEVTAALVPCGHNLFCMECAVRICERNEPECPVCHALATQAIRIFS 56

Zinc finger, C3HC4 type (RING finger);

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 158508713  601 CVICFENEVIAALVPCGHNLFCMECANKIcEKRTPSCPVCQTAVTQ 646
Cdd:pfam13920   5 CVICLDRPRNVVLLPCGHLCLCEECAERL-LRKKKKCPICRQPIES 49

K homology (KH) RNA-binding domain, type I; KH binds single-stranded RNA or DNA. It is found in a wide variety of proteins including ribosomal proteins, transcription factors and post-transcriptional modifiers of mRNA. There are two different KH domains that belong to different protein folds, but they share a single KH motif. The KH motif is folded into a beta alpha alpha beta unit. In addition to the core, type II KH domains (e.g. ribosomal protein S3) include an N-terminal extension and type I KH domains (e.g. hnRNP K) contain a C-terminal extension. Some KH-I superfamily members contain a divergent KH domain that lacks the RNA-binding GXXG motif. Some others have a mutated GXXG motif which may or may not have nucleic acid binding ability.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 158508713 322 VQVRVPYRVVGLVVGPKGATIKRIQQQTHTYIVTPSRD---KEPVFEVTGMPENVDRAREEIE 381
Cdd:cd00105    1 EEIEVPSELVGLIIGKGGSTIKEIEEETGARIQIPKEGegsGERVVTITGTPEAVEKAKELIE 63

HC subclass of RING (RING-HC) finger and its variants; The RING finger is a specialized type of Zn-finger of 40 to 60 residues that binds two atoms of zinc. It is defined by the "cross-brace" motif that chelates zinc atoms by eight amino acid residues, typically Cys or His, arranged in a characteristic spacing. Canonical RING motifs have been categorized into two major subclasses, RING-HC (C3HC4-type) and RING-H2 (C3H2C3-type), according to their Cys/His content. There are also many variants of RING fingers. Some have a different Cys/His pattern. Some lack a single Cys or His residue at typical Zn ligand positions, especially, the fourth or eighth zinc ligand is prevalently exchanged for an Asp, which can chelate Zn in a RING finger as well. This family corresponds to the HC subclass of RING (RING-HC) fingers that are characterized by containing C3HC4-type canonical RING-HC fingers or noncanonical RING-HC finger variants, including C4C4-, C3HC3D-, C2H2C4-, and C3HC5-type modified RING-HC fingers. The canonical RING-HC finger has been defined as C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)-H-X(2-3)-C-X2-C-X(4-48)-C-X2-C. It binds two Zn ions in a unique "cross-brace" arrangement, which distinguishes it from tandem zinc fingers and other similar motifs. RING-HC fingers can be found in a group of diverse proteins with a variety of cellular functions, including oncogenesis, development, viral replication, signal transduction, the cell cycle, and apoptosis. Many of them are ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s) that serve as scaffolds for binding to ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s, also referred to as ubiquitin carrier proteins or UBCs) in close proximity to substrate proteins, which enables efficient transfer of ubiquitin from E2 to the substrates.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 158508713 601 CVICFENEVIAALVPCGHNlFCMECANKICEKRTPSCPVC 640
Cdd:cd16449    3 CPICLERLKDPVLLPCGHV-FCRECIRRLLESGSIKCPIC 41

first type I K homology (KH) RNA-binding domain found in tudor and KH domain-containing protein (TDRKH) and similar proteins; TDRKH, also called tudor domain-containing protein 2 (TDRD2), is a mitochondria-anchored RNA-binding protein that is required for spermatogenesis and involved in piRNA biogenesis. It specifically recruits MIWI, but not MILI, to engage the piRNA pathway. TDRKH contains two K-homology (KH) RNA-binding domains and one tudor domain, which are involved in binding to RNA or single-strand DNA. The model corresponds to the first one.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 158508713 317 PGQTTVQVRVPYRVVGLVVGPKGATIKRIQQQTHTYI-----VTPSRDKEPVFEVTGMPENVDRAREEI 380
Cdd:cd22428    2 SRQIEIEMKVPREAVGLIIGRQGATIKQIQKETGARIdfkdeGSGGELPERVLLIQGNPVQAQRAEEAI 70

second type I K homology (KH) RNA-binding domain found in vigilin and similar proteins; Vigilin, also called high density lipoprotein-binding protein, or HDL-binding protein, is a ubiquitous and highly conserved RNA-binding protein that shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm presumably in contact with RNA molecules. It may be involved in chromosome partitioning at mitosis, facilitating translation and tRNA transport, and control of mRNA metabolism, including estrogen-mediated stabilization of vitellogenin mRNA. Vigilin is up-regulated by cholesterol loading of cells and functions to protect cells from over-accumulation of cholesterol. It may play a role in cell sterol metabolism. Disruption of human vigilin impairs chromosome condensation and segregation. Vigilin has a unique structure of 14-15 consecutively arranged, but non-identical K-homology (KH) domains which apparently mediate RNA-protein binding. The model corresponds to the second one.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 158508713 319 QTTVQVRVPYRVVGLVVGPKGATIKRIQQQTHTYIVTPSRDKEP-VFEVTGMPENVDRAREEIEM 382
Cdd:cd22406    4 QASVTVNIPKEHHRFILGKKGKKLQELELKTATKIVIPRQEDNSdEIKITGTKEGIEKARHEIQL 68

eighth type I K homology (KH) RNA-binding domain found in vigilin and similar proteins; Vigilin, also called high density lipoprotein-binding protein, or HDL-binding protein, is a ubiquitous and highly conserved RNA-binding protein that shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm presumably in contact with RNA molecules. It may be involved in chromosome partitioning at mitosis, facilitating translation and tRNA transport, and control of mRNA metabolism, including estrogen-mediated stabilization of vitellogenin mRNA. Vigilin is up-regulated by cholesterol loading of cells and functions to protect cells from over-accumulation of cholesterol. It may play a role in cell sterol metabolism. Disruption of human vigilin impairs chromosome condensation and segregation. Vigilin has a unique structure of 14-15 consecutively arranged, but non-identical K-homology (KH) domains which apparently mediate RNA-protein binding. The model corresponds to the eighth one.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 158508713 229 VPVPSsEHVAEIVGRQGCKIKALRAKTNTYIKTPVRGE--EPIfVVTGRKEDVAMAKREIL 287
Cdd:cd22411    4 VPIFK-QFHKNIIGKGGATIKKIREETNTRIDLPEENSdsDVI-TITGKKEDVEKARERIL 62

K homology (KH) RNA-binding domain, type I; KH binds single-stranded RNA or DNA. It is found in a wide variety of proteins including ribosomal proteins, transcription factors and post-transcriptional modifiers of mRNA. There are two different KH domains that belong to different protein folds, but they share a single KH motif. The KH motif is folded into a beta alpha alpha beta unit. In addition to the core, type II KH domains (e.g. ribosomal protein S3) include an N-terminal extension and type I KH domains (e.g. hnRNP K) contain a C-terminal extension. Some KH-I superfamily members contain a divergent KH domain that lacks the RNA-binding GXXG motif. Some others have a mutated GXXG motif which may or may not have nucleic acid binding ability.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 158508713 227 ECVPVPSSEHVAeIVGRQGCKIKALRAKTNTYI---KTPVRGEEPIFVVTGRKEDVAMAKREIL 287
Cdd:cd00105    1 EEIEVPSELVGL-IIGKGGSTIKEIEEETGARIqipKEGEGSGERVVTITGTPEAVEKAKELIE 63

eighth type I K homology (KH) RNA-binding domain found in vigilin and similar proteins; Vigilin, also called high density lipoprotein-binding protein, or HDL-binding protein, is a ubiquitous and highly conserved RNA-binding protein that shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm presumably in contact with RNA molecules. It may be involved in chromosome partitioning at mitosis, facilitating translation and tRNA transport, and control of mRNA metabolism, including estrogen-mediated stabilization of vitellogenin mRNA. Vigilin is up-regulated by cholesterol loading of cells and functions to protect cells from over-accumulation of cholesterol. It may play a role in cell sterol metabolism. Disruption of human vigilin impairs chromosome condensation and segregation. Vigilin has a unique structure of 14-15 consecutively arranged, but non-identical K-homology (KH) domains which apparently mediate RNA-protein binding. The model corresponds to the eighth one.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 158508713 321 TVQVRVPYRVVGLVVGPKGATIKRIQQQTHTYIVTPSRDKEP-VFEVTGMPENVDRAREEIE 381
Cdd:cd22411    1 SIKVPIFKQFHKNIIGKGGATIKKIREETNTRIDLPEENSDSdVITITGKKEDVEKARERIL 62

sixth type I K homology (KH) RNA-binding domain found in vigilin and similar proteins; Vigilin, also called high density lipoprotein-binding protein, or HDL-binding protein, is a ubiquitous and highly conserved RNA-binding protein that shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm presumably in contact with RNA molecules. It may be involved in chromosome partitioning at mitosis, facilitating translation and tRNA transport, and control of mRNA metabolism, including estrogen-mediated stabilization of vitellogenin mRNA. Vigilin is up-regulated by cholesterol loading of cells and functions to protect cells from over-accumulation of cholesterol. It may play a role in cell sterol metabolism. Disruption of human vigilin impairs chromosome condensation and segregation. Vigilin has a unique structure of 14-15 consecutively arranged, but non-identical K-homology (KH) domains which apparently mediate RNA-protein binding. The model corresponds to the sixth one.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 158508713 320 TTVQVRVPYRVVGLVVGPKGATIKRIQQQTHTYIVTPSRDKEP-VFEVTGMPENVDRAREEIE 381
Cdd:cd02394    2 AFTTIEIDPKFHGHIIGKGGANIKRIREESGVSIRIPDDEANSdEIRIEGSPEGVKKAKAEIL 64

seventh type I K homology (KH) RNA-binding domain found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Protein SCP160 and similar proteins; SCP160, also called protein HX, is a new yeast protein associated with the nuclear membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum. It is involved in the control of mitotic chromosome transmission. It is required during cell division for faithful partitioning of the ER-nuclear envelope membranes which enclose the duplicated chromosomes in yeast. SCP160 contains seven K-homology (KH) RNA-binding domains. The model corresponds to the seventh one.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 158508713 324 VRVPYRVVGLVVGPKGATIKRIQQQTHTYIVTPSRDKEPVF-EVTGMPENVDRAREEI 380
Cdd:cd22452    6 IKVSPRYFGRIIGPGGSNINQIREKSGCFINVPKKNKESDViTLRGTKEGVEKAEEMI 63

type I K homology (KH) RNA-binding domain found in activating signal cointegrator 1 complex subunit 1 (ASCC1) and similar proteins; ASCC1, also called ASC-1 complex subunit p50, or Trip4 complex subunit p50, plays a role in DNA damage repair as component of the ASCC complex. It is part of the ASC-1 complex that enhances NF-kappa-B, SRF and AP1 transactivation. In cells responding to gastrin-activated paracrine signals, it is involved in the induction of SERPINB2 expression by gastrin. ASCC1 may also play a role in the development of neuromuscular junction.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 158508713 326 VPYRVVGLVVGPKGATIKRIQQQTHTYIVTPSRDKEPVFEVTGMPEN-VDRAREEIE 381
Cdd:cd22419    7 VPSALFKFIIGKKGETKKRLESETKTQIRIPRQGKEGDIVITGKDRSgVDSARTRIE 63

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC5-type), found in neuralized-like protein 1B (NEURL1B); NEURL1B, also known as neuralized-2 (NEUR2) or neuralized-like protein 3, is a mammalian homolog of the Drosophila neuralized (D-neu) protein. It functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with and ubiquitinates Delta. Thus, it plays a role in the endocytic pathways for Notch signaling through working cooperatively with another E3 ligase, Mind bomb-1 (Mib1), in Delta endocytosis to hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (Hrs)-positive vesicles. NEURL1B contains two neuralized homology regions (NHRs) responsible for Neural-ligand interactions and a modified C3HC5-type RING-HC finger required for ubiquitin ligase activity. The C3HC5-type RING-HC finger is distinguished from typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger due to the existence of the additional cysteine residue in the middle portion of the RING finger domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 158508713 600 DCVICFENEVIAALVPCGHNLFCMECANKICEKRTPSCPVCQTAVTQAIQIH 651
Cdd:cd16786    4 ECTVCFDSEVDTVIYTCGHMCLCNSCGLKLKRQINACCPICRRVIKDVIKIY 55

second type I K homology (KH) RNA-binding domain found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Protein SCP160 and similar proteins; SCP160, also called protein HX, is a new yeast protein associated with the nuclear membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum. It is involved in the control of mitotic chromosome transmission. It is required during cell division for faithful partitioning of the ER-nuclear envelope membranes which enclose the duplicated chromosomes in yeast. SCP160 contains seven K-homology (KH) RNA-binding domains. The model corresponds to the second one.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 158508713 321 TVQVRVPYRVVGLVVGPKGATIKRIQQQTHTYIVTPSR---------DKEPVFEVT--GMPENVDRAREEIE 381
Cdd:cd22447    5 NLTVPIPASTRARIIGKKGANLKQIREKTGVRIDIPPRdadaapadeDDDTMVEVTitGDEFNVQHAKQRIE 76

RING finger, HC subclass, found in leucine-rich repeat and sterile alpha motif-containing protein 1 (LRSAM1) and similar proteins; LRSAM1, also known as Tsg101-associated ligase (TAL), or RIFLE, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that physically associates with, and selectively ubiquitylates, Tsg101, an E2-like molecule that regulates vesicular trafficking processes in yeast and mammals. It regulates a Tsg101-associated complex responsible for the sorting of cargo into cytoplasm-containing vesicles that bud at the multivesicular body and at the plasma membrane. LRSAM1 is a multidomain protein containing an N-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR), followed by several recognizable motifs, including an ezrin-radixin-moezin (ERM) domain, a coiled-coil (CC) region, a SAM domain, and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 158508713 600 DCVICFENEVIAALVPCGHNLFCMECANKIcekrtPSCPVCQTAVTQAIQI 650
Cdd:cd16515    3 ECVVCMDAESQVIFLPCGHVCCCQTCSSSL-----STCPLCRADITQRVRI 48

fourteenth type I K homology (KH) RNA-binding domain found in vigilin and similar proteins; Vigilin, also called high density lipoprotein-binding protein, or HDL-binding protein, is a ubiquitous and highly conserved RNA-binding protein that shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm presumably in contact with RNA molecules. It may be involved in chromosome partitioning at mitosis, facilitating translation and tRNA transport, and control of mRNA metabolism, including estrogen-mediated stabilization of vitellogenin mRNA. Vigilin is up-regulated by cholesterol loading of cells and functions to protect cells from over-accumulation of cholesterol. It may play a role in cell sterol metabolism. Disruption of human vigilin impairs chromosome condensation and segregation. Vigilin has a unique structure of 14-15 consecutively arranged, but non-identical K-homology (KH) domains which apparently mediate RNA-protein binding. The model corresponds to the fourteenth one.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 158508713 321 TVQVRVPYRVVGLVVGPKGATIKRIQQQTHTYIVTPSRDKEP--VFEVTGMPENVDRAREEIE 381
Cdd:cd22417    2 TLTVEVDPKYHPKIIGRKGAVITKLRDDHDVNIQFPDKGDENddEITITGYEKNAEAAKDAIL 64

RING finger, HC subclass, found in caspases-8 and -10-associated RING finger protein CARP-1, CARP-2 and similar proteins; The CARP subfamily includes CARP-1 and CARP-2 proteins, both of which are E3 ubiquitin ligases that ubiquitinate apical caspases and target them for proteasome-mediated degradation. As a novel group of caspase regulators with a FYVE-type zinc finger domain, they do not localize to membranes in the cell and are involved in the negative regulation of apoptosis, specifically targeting two initiator caspases, caspase 8, and caspase 10. Moreover, they stabilize MDM2 by inhibiting MDM2 self-ubiquitination, as well as by targeting 14-3-3sigma for degradation. They work together with MDM2 to enhance p53 degradation, thereby inhibiting p53-mediated cell death. CARPs contain an N-terminal FYVE-like domain that can serve as a membrane-targeting or endosome localizing signal and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 158508713 601 CVICFENEVIAALVPCGHNLFCMECANKICEkrtpsCPVCQTAVTQAIQI 650
Cdd:cd16500    3 CKICMDAAIDCVLLECGHMVTCTDCGKKLSE-----CPICRQYVVRVVHF 47

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana SP1-like protein 2 (SPL2) and similar proteins; SPL2, also known as RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase SPL2, acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates E2-dependent protein ubiquitination. SPL2 contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 158508713 601 CVICFENEVIAALVPCGHNLFCMECANKICEKRTPSCPVC 640
Cdd:cd23145    6 CVVCLLRRRRVAFIECGHRVCCELCARRVTREANPRCPVC 45

thirteenth type I K homology (KH) RNA-binding domain found in vigilin and similar proteins; Vigilin, also called high density lipoprotein-binding protein, or HDL-binding protein, is a ubiquitous and highly conserved RNA-binding protein that shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm presumably in contact with RNA molecules. It may be involved in chromosome partitioning at mitosis, facilitating translation and tRNA transport, and control of mRNA metabolism, including estrogen-mediated stabilization of vitellogenin mRNA. Vigilin is up-regulated by cholesterol loading of cells and functions to protect cells from over-accumulation of cholesterol. It may play a role in cell sterol metabolism. Disruption of human vigilin impairs chromosome condensation and segregation. Vigilin has a unique structure of 14-15 consecutively arranged, but non-identical K-homology (KH) domains which apparently mediate RNA-protein binding. The model corresponds to the thirteenth one.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 158508713 321 TVQVRVPYRVVGLVVGPKGATIKRIQQQTHTYI-VTPSRDKEPVFEVTGMPENVDRAREEIE 381
Cdd:cd22416    3 TEEVNVPFDLHRFIIGQKGADVRKMMDEFDVNIsIPPAELQSDIIKITGPPANVERAKAALL 64

fourth type I K homology (KH) RNA-binding domain found in vigilin and similar proteins; Vigilin, also called high density lipoprotein-binding protein, or HDL-binding protein, is a ubiquitous and highly conserved RNA-binding protein that shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm presumably in contact with RNA molecules. It may be involved in chromosome partitioning at mitosis, facilitating translation and tRNA transport, and control of mRNA metabolism, including estrogen-mediated stabilization of vitellogenin mRNA. Vigilin is up-regulated by cholesterol loading of cells and functions to protect cells from over-accumulation of cholesterol. It may play a role in cell sterol metabolism. Disruption of human vigilin impairs chromosome condensation and segregation. Vigilin has a unique structure of 14-15 consecutively arranged, but non-identical K-homology (KH) domains which apparently mediate RNA-protein binding. The model corresponds to the fourth one.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 158508713 321 TVQVRVPYRVVGLVVGPKGATIKRIQQQTHTYIVTPSRDkEPVFEVT--GMPENVDRAREEIE 381
Cdd:cd22408    1 TVSVEVPKSQHRFVIGPRGSTIQEILEETGCSVEVPPND-SDSETITlrGPADKLGAALTLVY 62

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC5-type), found in cell growth regulator with RING finger domain protein 1 (CGRRF1) and similar proteins; CGRRF1, also known as cell growth regulatory gene 19 protein (CGR19) or RING finger protein 197 (RNF197), functions as a novel biomarker to monitor endometrial sensitivity and response to insulin-sensitizing drugs, such as metformin, in the context of obesity. CGRRF1 contains a C-terminal modified C3HC5-type RING-HC finger, which is distinguished from typical C3HC4 RING-HC finger due to the existence of the additional cysteine residue in the middle portion of the RING finger domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 158508713 600 DCVICFENEVIAALVPCGHNLFCMECANKIcekrtPSCPVCQ 641
Cdd:cd16787    2 DCVVCQNAPVNRVLLPCRHACVCDECFKRL-----QRCPMCR 38

RING finger, HC subclass, found in peroxin-10 (PEX10) and similar proteins; PEX10, also known as peroxisome biogenesis factor 10, peroxisomal biogenesis factor 10, peroxisome assembly protein 10, or RING finger protein 69 (RNF69), is an integral peroxisomal membrane protein with two transmembrane regions and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger within its cytoplasmically exposed C-terminus. It plays an essential role in peroxisome assembly, import of target substrates, and recycling or degradation of protein complexes and amino acids. It is an essential component of the spinal locomotor circuit, and thus its mutations may be involved in peroxisomal biogenesis disorders (PBD). Mutations in human PEX10 also result in autosomal recessive ataxia. Moreover, PEX10 functions as an E3-ubiquitin ligase with an E2, UBCH5C. It mono- or poly-ubiquitinates PEX5, a key player in peroxisomal matrix protein import, in a UBC4-dependent manner, to control PEX5 receptor recycling or degradation. It also links the E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme PEX4 to the protein import machinery of the peroxisome.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 158508713 601 CVICFENEVIAALVPCGHnLFCMECANKICEKRtPSCPVC 640
Cdd:cd16527    3 CSLCLEERRHPTATPCGH-LFCWSCITEWCNEK-PECPLC 40

RING finger, HC subclass, found in myosin regulatory light chain interacting protein (MYLIP) and similar proteins; MYLIP, also known as inducible degrader of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor (IDOL), or MIR, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC), LDLR, VLDLR, and LRP8. Its activity depends on E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes of the UBE2D family. MYLIP stimulates clathrin-independent endocytosis and acts as a sterol-dependent inhibitor of cellular cholesterol uptake by binding directly to the cytoplasmic tail of the LDLR and promoting its ubiquitination via the UBE2D1/E1 complex. The ubiquitinated LDLR then enters the multivesicular body (MVB) protein-sorting pathway and is shuttled to the lysosome for degradation. Moreover, MYLIP has been identified as a novel ERM-like protein that affects cytoskeleton interactions regulating cell motility, such as neurite outgrowth. The ERM proteins includes ezrin, radixin, and moesin, which are cytoskeletal effector proteins linking actin to membrane-bound proteins at the cell surface. MYLIP contains an ERM-homology domain and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 158508713 601 CVICFENEVIAALVPCGHNLFCMECANKIcekrtPSCPVCQTAV 644
Cdd:cd16523    5 CMVCCEEEINSAFCPCGHMVCCESCAAQL-----QSCPVCRSRV 43

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC5-type), found in RING finger protein 26 (RNF26) and similar proteins; RNF26 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that temporally regulates virus-triggered type I interferon induction by increasing the stability of Mediator of IRF3 activation, MITA, also known as STING, through K11-linked polyubiquitination of MITA after viral infection, and promoting the degradation of IRF3, another important component required for virus-triggered interferon induction. Although RNF26 substrates of ubiquitination remain unclear at present, RNF26 upregulation in gastric cancer might be implicated in carcinogenesis through dysregulation of growth regulators. RNF26 contains an N-terminal leucine zipper domain and a C-terminal modified C3HC5-type RING-HC finger, which is distinguished from typical C3HC4 RING-HC finger due to the existence of the additional cysteine residue in the middle portion of the RING finger domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 158508713 594 ESRRKHDCVICFENEVIAALVPCGHNLFCMECANKICEKRTP--SCPVCQTAVTQAIQIH 651
Cdd:cd16788    1 EERDKKKCVICQDQSKTVLILPCRHMCLCRQCANILLQQPVYrrNCPLCRTMILQTLDVY 60

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein RNF5, RNF185 and similar proteins; RNF5 and RNF185 are E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases that are anchored to the outer membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). RNF5 acts at early stages of cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) biosynthesis, and functions as a target for therapeutic modalities to antagonize mutant CFTR proteins in CF patients carrying the F508del allele. RNF185 controls the degradation of CFTR and CFTR F508del allele in a RING- and proteasome-dependent manner, but does not control that of other classical endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) model substrates. Moreover, both RNF5 and RNF185 play important roles in cell adhesion and migration through the modulation of cell migration by ubiquitinating paxillin. Arabidopsis thaliana RING membrane-anchor proteins (AtRMAs) are also included in this family. They possess E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity and may play a role in the growth and development of Arabidopsis. All members of this family contain a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 158508713 600 DCVICFENEVIAALVPCGHnLFCMECANKICEKRT--PSCPVCQ 641
Cdd:cd16534    2 ECNICLDTASDPVVTMCGH-LFCWPCLYQWLETRPdrQTCPVCK 44

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 10 (RNF10) and similar proteins; RNF10 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with mesenchyme Homeobox 2 (MEOX2) transcription factor, a regulator of the proliferation, differentiation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes; it enhances Meox2 activation of the p21 promoter. It also regulates the expression of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) genes and is required for myelin production in Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system. Moreover, RNF10 regulates retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation and the cell cycle exit of P19 embryonic carcinoma cells. RNF10 contains a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and three putative nuclear localization signals.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 158508713 601 CVICFENEVIAALVPCGHnLFCMECANK---ICEKRTPSCPVCQTAVTQA 647
Cdd:cd16536    3 CPICLEPPVAPRITRCGH-IFCWPCILRylsLSEKKWRKCPICFESIHKK 51

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC5-type), found in mahogunin RING finger protein 1 (MGRN1), RING finger protein 157 (RNF157) and similar proteins; MGRN1, also known as RING finger protein 156 (RNF156), is a cytosolic E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that inhibits signaling through the G protein-coupled melanocortin receptors-1 (MC1R), -2 (MC2R) and -4 (MC4R) via ubiquitylation-dependent and -independent processes. It suppresses chaperone-associated misfolded protein aggregation and toxicity. MGRN1 interacts with cytosolic prion proteins (PrPs) that are linked with neurodegeneration. It also interacts with expanded polyglutamine proteins, and suppresses misfolded polyglutamine aggregation and cytotoxicity. Moreover, MGRN1 inhibits melanocortin receptor signaling by competition with Galphas, suggesting a novel pathway for melanocortin signaling from the cell surface to the nucleus. MGRN1 also interacts with and ubiquitylates TSG101, a key component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-I, and regulates endosomal trafficking. A null mutation in the gene encoding MGRN1 causes spongiform neurodegeneration, suggesting a link between dysregulation of endosomal trafficking and spongiform neurodegeneration. RNF157 is a cytoplasmic E3 ubiquitin ligase predominantly expressed in the brain. It is a homolog of the E3 ligase mahogunin ring finger-1 (MGRN1). In cultured neurons, it promotes neuronal survival in an E3 ligase-dependent manner. In contrast, it supports growth and maintenance of dendrites independent of its E3 ligase activity. RNF157 interacts with and ubiquitinates the adaptor protein APBB1 (amyloid beta precursor protein-binding, family B, member 1 or Fe65), which regulates neuronal survival, but not dendritic growth downstream of RNF157. The nuclear localization of APBB1 together with its interaction partner RNA-binding protein SART3 (squamous cell carcinoma antigen recognized by T cells 3 or Tip110) is crucial to trigger apoptosis. Both MGRN1 and RNF157 contain a modified C3HC5-type RING-HC finger, and a functionally uncharacterized region, known as domain associated with RING2 (DAR2), N-terminal to the RING finger. The C3HC5-type RING-HC finger is distinguished from typical C3HC4 RING-HC finger due to the existence of the additional cysteine residue in the middle portion of the RING finger domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 158508713 599 HDCVICFENEVIAALVPCGHNLFCMECANKIcEKRTPSCPVC 640
Cdd:cd16789    1 SECVICLSDPRDTAVLPCRHLCLCSDCAEVL-RYQSNKCPIC 41

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (Cbl) proteins; The Cbl adaptor protein family contains a small class of RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases with oncogenic activity, which is represented by three mammalian members, c-Cbl, Cbl-b and Cbl-c, as well as two invertebrate Cbl-family proteins, D-Cbl in Drosophila and Sli-1 in C. elegans. Cbl proteins function as potent negative regulators of various signaling cascades in a wide range of cell types. They play roles in ubiquitinating activated tyrosine kinases and targeting them for degradation. D-Cbl associates with the Drosophila epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and overexpression of D-Cbl in the eye of Drosophila embryos inhibits EGFR-dependent photoreceptor cell development. Sli-1 is a negative regulator of the Let-23 receptor tyrosine kinase, an EGFR homolog, in vulva development. Cbl proteins in this subfamily consist of a highly conserved N-terminal half that includes a tyrosine-kinase-binding domain (TKB, also known as the phosphotyrosine binding PTB domain, composed of a four helix-bundle, a Ca2+ binding EF-hand and a highly variant SH2 domain) and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, both of which are required for Cbl-mediated downregulation of RTKs, and a divergent C-terminal region.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 158508713 601 CVICFENEVIAALVPCGHnLFCMECANKICEKRTPSCPVC 640
Cdd:cd16502    4 CKICAENDKDVRIEPCGH-LLCTPCLTSWQDSDGQTCPFC 42

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C4C4-type), found in tripartite motif-containing protein 37 (TRIM37) and similar proteins; TRIM37, also known as mulibrey nanism protein, or MUL, is a peroxisomal E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is involved in the tumorigenesis of several cancer types, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), breast cancer, and sporadic fibrothecoma. It mono-ubiquitinates histone H2A, a chromatin modification associated with transcriptional repression. Moreover, TRIM37 possesses anti-HIV-1 activity, and interferes with viral DNA synthesis. Mutations in the human TRIM37 gene (also known as MUL) cause Mulibrey (muscle-liver-brain-eye) nanism, a rare growth disorder of prenatal onset characterized by dysmorphic features, pericardial constriction, and hepatomegaly. TRIM37 belongs to the C-VIII subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C4C4-type RING finger, whose overall folding is similar to that of the typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a MATH (meprin and TRAF-C homology) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. Its MATH domain has been shown to interact with the TRAF (TNF-Receptor-Associated Factor) domain of six known TRAFs in vitro.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 158508713 600 DCVICFENEVIAALVPCGHNLFCMECANKICEKRTPSCPVCQ 641
Cdd:cd16619    2 RCFICMEKLRDPRLCPHCSKLFCKGCIRRWLSEQRSSCPHCR 43

RING finger, HC subclass, found in caspases-8 and -10-associated RING finger protein 1 (CARP1) and similar proteins; CARP1, also known as caspase regulator CARP1, FYVE-RING finger protein Momo, RING finger homologous to inhibitor of apoptosis protein (RFI), RING finger protein 34 (RNF34), or RING finger protein RIFF, is a nuclear protein that functions as a specific E3 ubiquitin ligase for the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1alpha, a master regulator of energy metabolism and adaptive thermogenesis in the brown fat cell which negatively regulates brown fat cell metabolism. It is preferentially expressed in esophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers, suggesting a possible association with the development of digestive tract cancers. It regulates the p53 signaling pathway by degrading 14-3-3 sigma and stabilizing MDM2. CARP1 does not localize to membranes in the cell and is involved in the negative regulation of apoptosis, specifically targeting two initiator caspases, caspase 8 and caspase 10. CARP1 contains an N-terminal FYVE-like domain and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 158508713 601 CVICFENEVIAALVPCGHNLFCMECAnkiceKRTPSCPVCQTAVTQAIQI 650
Cdd:cd16706    7 CRICMDAVIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCG-----KRMSECPICRQYVVRAVHV 51

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae increased recombination centers protein 20 (IRC20) and similar proteins; IRC20 is an uncharacterized ATP-dependent helicase that is probably involved in a pathway contributing to genomic integrity. IRC20 contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 158508713 601 CVICFENEVIAALVPCGHnLFCMECANKICEKRTpSCPVCQ 641
Cdd:cd23135    6 CSICFSEIRSGAILKCGH-FFCLSCIASWLREKS-TCPLCK 44

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 77 (TRIM77) and similar proteins; TRIM77 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including two consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and Bbox2, as well as a SPRY/B30.2 domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 158508713 601 CVICFENEVIAALVPCGHNlFCMECANKICEKR--TPSCPVCQTAVTQ 646
Cdd:cd16543    6 CSICLDLLKDPVTIPCGHS-FCMNCITLLWDRKqgVPSCPQCRESFPP 52

type I K homology (KH) RNA-binding domain found in activating signal cointegrator 1 complex subunit 1 (ASCC1) and similar proteins; ASCC1, also called ASC-1 complex subunit p50, or Trip4 complex subunit p50, plays a role in DNA damage repair as component of the ASCC complex. It is part of the ASC-1 complex that enhances NF-kappa-B, SRF and AP1 transactivation. In cells responding to gastrin-activated paracrine signals, it is involved in the induction of SERPINB2 expression by gastrin. ASCC1 may also play a role in the development of neuromuscular junction.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 158508713 228 CVPVPSSEHVAeIVGRQGCKIKALRAKTNTYIKTPVRGEEPIFVVTGR-KEDVAMAKREI 286
Cdd:cd22419    4 SLDVPSALFKF-IIGKKGETKKRLESETKTQIRIPRQGKEGDIVITGKdRSGVDSARTRI 62

fourth type I K homology (KH) RNA-binding domain found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Protein SCP160 and similar proteins; SCP160, also called protein HX, is a new yeast protein associated with the nuclear membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum. It is involved in the control of mitotic chromosome transmission. It is required during cell division for faithful partitioning of the ER-nuclear envelope membranes which enclose the duplicated chromosomes in yeast. SCP160 contains seven K-homology (KH) RNA-binding domains. The model corresponds to the fourth one.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 158508713 320 TTVQVRVPYRVVGLVVGPKGATIKRIQQQTHTYIVTPSRDKEPVFEVTGMPENVDRAREEIEMHIA 385
Cdd:cd22449    4 YTVKFDVPAKYVPHIIGKKGANINKLREEYGVKIDFEDKTGEGNVEIKGSKKNVEEAKKRILSQID 69

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 213 (RNF213) and similar proteins; RNF213, also known as ALK lymphoma oligomerization partner on chromosome 17 or Moyamoya steno-occlusive disease-associated AAA+ and RING finger protein (mysterin), is an intracellular soluble protein that functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase and AAA+ ATPase, which possibly contributes to vascular development through mechanical processes in the cell. It plays a unique role in endothelial cells for proper gene expression in response to inflammatory signals from the environment. Mutations in RNF213 may be associated with Moyamoya disease (MMD), an idiopathic cerebrovascular occlusive disorder prevalent in East Asia. It also acts as a nuclear marker for acanthomorph phylogeny. RNF213 contains two tandem enzymatically active AAA+ ATPase modules and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. It can form a huge ring-shaped oligomeric complex.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 158508713 600 DCVICFENEVIAALVPCGHnLFCMECANKICEKRtPSCPVCQTAVTQAI 648
Cdd:cd16561    4 ECSICLEDLNDPVKLPCDH-VFCEECIRQWLPGQ-MSCPLCRTELPDDF 50

fourth type I K homology (KH) RNA-binding domain found in the FUBP family RNA/DNA-binding proteins; The far upstream element-binding protein (FUBP) family includes FUBP1-3. FUBP1, also called FBP, or FUSE-binding protein 1, or DNA helicase V, or DH V, binds RNA and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and may act both as activator and repressor of transcription. It regulates MYC expression by binding to a single-stranded far-upstream element (FUSE) upstream of the MYC promoter. FUBP2, also called FUSE-binding protein 2, or KH type-splicing regulatory protein (KSRP), or p75, is a single-strand nucleic acid binding protein implicated in a variety of cellular processes, including splicing in the nucleus, mRNA decay, maturation of miRNA, and transcriptional control of proto-oncogenes such as c-myc. It regulates the stability and/or translatability of many mRNA species, encoding immune-relevant proteins, either by binding to AU-rich elements (AREs) of mRNA 3'UTR or by facilitating miRNA biogenesis to target mRNA. FUBP3, also called FUSE-binding protein 3, or MARTA2, was previously shown to mediate dendritic targeting of MAP2 mRNA in neurons. It may interact with single-stranded DNA from the far-upstream element (FUSE) and activate gene expression. It is required for beta-actin mRNA localization. It also interacts with fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) 3'-UTR UG repeats and positively controls FGF9 expression through increasing translation of FGF9 mRNA. FUBP proteins contain four K-homology (KH) RNA-binding domains. The model corresponds to the fourth one.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 158508713 321 TVQVRVPYRVVGLVVGPKGATIKRIQQQTHTYIV----TPSRDKEPVFEVTGMPENVDRAREEIE 381
Cdd:cd22399    1 EVTFLVPANKCGLVIGKGGETIRQINQQSGAHVEldrnPPPNPNEKLFIIRGNPQQIEHAKQLIR 65

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 35 (TRIM35) and similar proteins; TRIM35, also known as hemopoietic lineage switch protein 5 (HLS5), is a putative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) suppressor that inhibits phosphorylation of pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2), which is involved in aerobic glycolysis of cancer cells and further suppresses the Warburg effect and tumorigenicity in HCC. It also negatively regulates Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)- and TLR9-mediated type I interferon production by suppressing the stability of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7). Moreover, TRIM35 regulates erythroid differentiation by modulating globin transcription factor 1 (GATA-1) activity. TRIM35 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 158508713 601 CVICFENEVIAALVPCGHNlFCMECANKICEKRT-PSCPVCQTAVT 645
Cdd:cd16599    7 CPICYEPFREAVTLRCGHN-FCKGCVSRSWERQPrAPCPVCKEASS 51

tenth type I K homology (KH) RNA-binding domain found in vigilin and similar proteins; Vigilin, also called high density lipoprotein-binding protein, or HDL-binding protein, is a ubiquitous and highly conserved RNA-binding protein that shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm presumably in contact with RNA molecules. It may be involved in chromosome partitioning at mitosis, facilitating translation and tRNA transport, and control of mRNA metabolism, including estrogen-mediated stabilization of vitellogenin mRNA. Vigilin is up-regulated by cholesterol loading of cells and functions to protect cells from over-accumulation of cholesterol. It may play a role in cell sterol metabolism. Disruption of human vigilin impairs chromosome condensation and segregation. Vigilin has a unique structure of 14-15 consecutively arranged, but non-identical K-homology (KH) domains which apparently mediate RNA-protein binding. The model corresponds to the tenth one.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 158508713 320 TTVQVRVPYRVVGLVVGPKGATIKRIQQQTHTYIVTPSRDKEPVFEVT--GMPENVDRAREEIE 381
Cdd:cd22413    3 FTVEIRAKPEYHRFLIGRGGANIRKIRDNTGARIIFPTARDEDQELITiiGTKEAVEKAKEELE 66

second type I K homology (KH) RNA-binding domain found in the FUBP family RNA/DNA-binding proteins; The far upstream element-binding protein (FUBP) family includes FUBP1-3. FUBP1, also called FBP, or FUSE-binding protein 1, or DNA helicase V, or DH V, binds RNA and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and may act both as activator and repressor of transcription. It regulates MYC expression by binding to a single-stranded far-upstream element (FUSE) upstream of the MYC promoter. FUBP2, also called FUSE-binding protein 2, or KH type-splicing regulatory protein (KSRP), or p75, is a single-strand nucleic acid binding protein implicated in a variety of cellular processes, including splicing in the nucleus, mRNA decay, maturation of miRNA, and transcriptional control of proto-oncogenes such as c-myc. It regulates the stability and/or translatability of many mRNA species, encoding immune-relevant proteins, either by binding to AU-rich elements (AREs) of mRNA 3'UTR or by facilitating miRNA biogenesis to target mRNA. FUBP3, also called FUSE-binding protein 3, or MARTA2, was previously shown to mediate dendritic targeting of MAP2 mRNA in neurons. It may interact with single-stranded DNA from the far-upstream element (FUSE) and activate gene expression. It is required for beta-actin mRNA localization. It also interacts with fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) 3'-UTR UG repeats and positively controls FGF9 expression through increasing translation of FGF9 mRNA. FUBP proteins contain four K-homology (KH) RNA-binding domains. The model corresponds to the second one.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 158508713 321 TVQVRVPYRVVGLVVGPKGATIKRIQQQTHTYIV------TPSRDKEPVfEVTGMPENVDRARE 378
Cdd:cd22397    1 TIEIMIPGNKVGLIIGKGGETIKQLQERAGVKMVmiqdgpQPTGQDKPL-RITGDPQKVQRAKE 63