JNK-interacting protein-like (JIP) Phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain; JIP is a mitogen-activated protein kinase scaffold protein. JIP consists of a C-terminal SH3 domain, followed by a PTB domain. PTB domains have a common PH-like fold and are found in various eukaryotic signaling molecules. This domain was initially shown to binds peptides with a NPXY motif with differing requirements for phosphorylation of the tyrosine, although more recent studies have found that some types of PTB domains can bind to peptides lack tyrosine residues altogether. In contrast to SH2 domains, which recognize phosphotyrosine and adjacent carboxy-terminal residues, PTB-domain binding specificity is conferred by residues amino-terminal to the phosphotyrosine. PTB domains are classified into three groups: phosphotyrosine-dependent Shc-like, phosphotyrosine-dependent IRS-like, and phosphotyrosine-independent Dab-like PTB domains. This cd is part of the Dab-like subgroup.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 86562098 376 RDTFYLTMLASIEVAHHKGNDVLTQAMNKVLSMYKNSEEIIVPQTVLMEISFRGIHVIDKRRKNFFQ-CPMFDFFYSLQN 454
Cdd:cd01212   2 RERFLLGFLGSVEVPYHKGNDVLCQAMQKIATARRLTVHLRPPQSCILEISDRGLKMVDRSKPNKKDgKPCIHYFYSLKN 81

                        90       100       110       120       130       140
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 86562098 455 ISFCGAHPKQLKYFGFITKHPLLPRFACHVFMSKNTTQPIVEAIGRAFKRSYDEYMAFAHPTEDIYLE 522
Cdd:cd01212  82 ISFCGFHPRNSRYFGFITKHPLLQRFACHVFVSQESTRPVAESVGRAFQRFYQEFIEYACPTEDIYLE 149

JNK-interacting protein-like (JIP) Phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain; JIP is a mitogen-activated protein kinase scaffold protein. JIP consists of a C-terminal SH3 domain, followed by a PTB domain. PTB domains have a common PH-like fold and are found in various eukaryotic signaling molecules. This domain was initially shown to binds peptides with a NPXY motif with differing requirements for phosphorylation of the tyrosine, although more recent studies have found that some types of PTB domains can bind to peptides lack tyrosine residues altogether. In contrast to SH2 domains, which recognize phosphotyrosine and adjacent carboxy-terminal residues, PTB-domain binding specificity is conferred by residues amino-terminal to the phosphotyrosine. PTB domains are classified into three groups: phosphotyrosine-dependent Shc-like, phosphotyrosine-dependent IRS-like, and phosphotyrosine-independent Dab-like PTB domains. This cd is part of the Dab-like subgroup.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 86562098 376 RDTFYLTMLASIEVAHHKGNDVLTQAMNKVLSMYKNSEEIIVPQTVLMEISFRGIHVIDKRRKNFFQ-CPMFDFFYSLQN 454
Cdd:cd01212   2 RERFLLGFLGSVEVPYHKGNDVLCQAMQKIATARRLTVHLRPPQSCILEISDRGLKMVDRSKPNKKDgKPCIHYFYSLKN 81

                        90       100       110       120       130       140
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 86562098 455 ISFCGAHPKQLKYFGFITKHPLLPRFACHVFMSKNTTQPIVEAIGRAFKRSYDEYMAFAHPTEDIYLE 522
Cdd:cd01212  82 ISFCGFHPRNSRYFGFITKHPLLQRFACHVFVSQESTRPVAESVGRAFQRFYQEFIEYACPTEDIYLE 149

Src homology 3 domain of JNK-interacting proteins 1 and 2, and similar domains; JNK-interacting proteins (JIPs) function as scaffolding proteins for c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways. They bind to components of Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways such as JNK, MKK, and several MAP3Ks such as MLK and DLK. There are four JIPs (JIP1-4); all contain a JNK binding domain. JIP1 and JIP2 also contain SH3 and Phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domains. Both are highly expressed in the brain and pancreatic beta-cells. JIP1 functions as an adaptor linking motor to cargo during axonal transport and also is involved in regulating insulin secretion. JIP2 form complexes with fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs), which facilitates activation of the p38delta MAPK. The SH3 domain of JIP1 homodimerizes at the interface usually involved in proline-rich ligand recognition, despite the lack of this motif in the domain itself. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 86562098 298 THRVQSAFHPRHPDELLLEIGDAVHVDRTADDHWSYGTNLRTGQSGIFPASIVCE 352
Cdd:cd11801   1 THRALHKFIPRHEDEIELDIGDPVYVEQEADDLWCEGTNLRTGQRGIFPAAYVVE 55

Src homology 3 domains; Src homology 3 (SH3) domains bind to target proteins through sequences containing proline and hydrophobic amino acids. Pro-containing polypeptides may bind to SH3 domains in 2 different binding orientations.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 86562098    297 PTHRVQSAFHPRHPDELLLEIGDAVHVDRTADDHWSYGTNLRtGQSGIFPASIV 350
Cdd:smart00326   3 PQVRALYDYTAQDPDELSFKKGDIITVLEKSDDGWWKGRLGR-GKEGLFPSNYV 55

JNK-interacting protein-like (JIP) Phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain; JIP is a mitogen-activated protein kinase scaffold protein. JIP consists of a C-terminal SH3 domain, followed by a PTB domain. PTB domains have a common PH-like fold and are found in various eukaryotic signaling molecules. This domain was initially shown to binds peptides with a NPXY motif with differing requirements for phosphorylation of the tyrosine, although more recent studies have found that some types of PTB domains can bind to peptides lack tyrosine residues altogether. In contrast to SH2 domains, which recognize phosphotyrosine and adjacent carboxy-terminal residues, PTB-domain binding specificity is conferred by residues amino-terminal to the phosphotyrosine. PTB domains are classified into three groups: phosphotyrosine-dependent Shc-like, phosphotyrosine-dependent IRS-like, and phosphotyrosine-independent Dab-like PTB domains. This cd is part of the Dab-like subgroup.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 86562098 376 RDTFYLTMLASIEVAHHKGNDVLTQAMNKVLSMYKNSEEIIVPQTVLMEISFRGIHVIDKRRKNFFQ-CPMFDFFYSLQN 454
Cdd:cd01212   2 RERFLLGFLGSVEVPYHKGNDVLCQAMQKIATARRLTVHLRPPQSCILEISDRGLKMVDRSKPNKKDgKPCIHYFYSLKN 81

                        90       100       110       120       130       140
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 86562098 455 ISFCGAHPKQLKYFGFITKHPLLPRFACHVFMSKNTTQPIVEAIGRAFKRSYDEYMAFAHPTEDIYLE 522
Cdd:cd01212  82 ISFCGFHPRNSRYFGFITKHPLLQRFACHVFVSQESTRPVAESVGRAFQRFYQEFIEYACPTEDIYLE 149

Src homology 3 domain of JNK-interacting proteins 1 and 2, and similar domains; JNK-interacting proteins (JIPs) function as scaffolding proteins for c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways. They bind to components of Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways such as JNK, MKK, and several MAP3Ks such as MLK and DLK. There are four JIPs (JIP1-4); all contain a JNK binding domain. JIP1 and JIP2 also contain SH3 and Phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domains. Both are highly expressed in the brain and pancreatic beta-cells. JIP1 functions as an adaptor linking motor to cargo during axonal transport and also is involved in regulating insulin secretion. JIP2 form complexes with fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs), which facilitates activation of the p38delta MAPK. The SH3 domain of JIP1 homodimerizes at the interface usually involved in proline-rich ligand recognition, despite the lack of this motif in the domain itself. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 86562098 298 THRVQSAFHPRHPDELLLEIGDAVHVDRTADDHWSYGTNLRTGQSGIFPASIVCE 352
Cdd:cd11801   1 THRALHKFIPRHEDEIELDIGDPVYVEQEADDLWCEGTNLRTGQRGIFPAAYVVE 55

Phosphotyrosine interaction domain (PTB/PID);

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 86562098   384 LASIEVAHHK-----------GNDVLTQAMNKVLSMYKNSEEIIVPQTVLMEISFRGIHVIDKRRKnffQCPMFDffySL 452
Cdd:pfam00640   6 LGSVEVPEERapdkntrmqqaREAIRRVKAAKINKIRGLSGETGPGTKVDLFISTDGLKLLNPDTQ---ELIHDH---PL 79

                          90       100       110       120       130
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 86562098   453 QNISFCG-AHPKQLKYFGFITKHPLLPRFACHVFMSKNTTQPIVEAIGRAF 502
Cdd:pfam00640  80 VSISFCAdGDPDLMRYFAYIARDKATNKFACHVFESEDGAQDIAQSIGQAF 130

Src homology 3 domain of JNK-interacting protein 1; JNK-interacting protein 1 (JIP1) is also called Islet-brain 1 (IB1) or Mitogen-activated protein kinase 8-interacting protein 1 (MAPK8IP1). It is highly expressed in neurons, where it functions as an adaptor linking motor to cargo during axonal transport. It also affects microtubule dynamics in neurons. JIP1 is also found in pancreatic beta-cells, where it is involved in regulating insulin secretion. In addition to a JNK binding domain, JIP1 also contains SH3 and Phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domains. Its SH3 domain homodimerizes at the interface usually involved in proline-rich ligand recognition, despite the lack of this motif in the domain itself. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 86562098 298 THRVQSAFHPRHPDELLLEIGDAVHVDRTADDHWSYGTNLRTGQSGIFPA 347
Cdd:cd11943   1 THRAVFRFVPRHPDELELEVDDPLLVEVQAEDYWYEAYNMRTGARGIFPA 50

Ankyrin repeat and sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain-containing (Anks) protein family Phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain; Both AIDA-1b (AbetaPP intracellular domain-associated protein 1b) and Odin (also known as ankyrin repeat and sterile alpha motif domain-containing 1A; ANKS1A) belong to the Anks protein family. Both of these family members interacts with the EphA8 receptor. Ank members consists of ankyrin repeats, a SAM domain and a C-terminal PTB domain which is crucial for interaction with the juxtamembrane (JM) region of EphA8. PTB domains are classified into three groups, namely, phosphotyrosine-dependent Shc-like, phosphotyrosine-dependent IRS-like, and phosphotyrosine-independent Dab-like PTB domains of which the Anks PTB is a member. PTB domains have a common PH-like fold and are found in various eukaryotic signaling molecules. This domain was initially shown to binds peptides with a NPXY motif with differing requirements for phosphorylation of the tyrosine, although more recent studies have found that some types of PTB domains can bind to peptides lack tyrosine residues altogether. In contrast to SH2 domains, which recognize phosphotyrosine and adjacent carboxy-terminal residues, PTB-domain binding specificity is conferred by residues amino-terminal to the phosphotyrosine. PTB domains are classified into three groups: phosphotyrosine-dependent Shc-like, phosphotyrosine-dependent IRS-like, and phosphotyrosine-independent Dab-like PTB domains. This cd is part of the Dab-like subgroup.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 86562098 384 LASIEVAHHKGNDVLTQAMNKvlsMYKNSEEIIVPQTVLMEISFRGIHVIDKRRKNFFQCpmfdffYSLQNISFCGAHPK 463
Cdd:cd01274  22 LGSTEIKELRGTESTKKAIQK---LKKSTREMKKIPTIILSISYKGVKFIDATTKNLICE------HEIRNISCACQDPE 92

                        90       100       110       120
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 86562098 464 QLKYFGFITKHPLLPRFACHVFM--SKNTTQPIVEAIGRAFKRSY 506
Cdd:cd01274  93 DLNTFAYITKDLKTDHHYCHVFCvlTVDLATEIILTLGQAFEVAY 137

Src homology 3 domains; Src homology 3 (SH3) domains bind to target proteins through sequences containing proline and hydrophobic amino acids. Pro-containing polypeptides may bind to SH3 domains in 2 different binding orientations.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 86562098    297 PTHRVQSAFHPRHPDELLLEIGDAVHVDRTADDHWSYGTNLRtGQSGIFPASIV 350
Cdd:smart00326   3 PQVRALYDYTAQDPDELSFKKGDIITVLEKSDDGWWKGRLGR-GKEGLFPSNYV 55

Third (or C-terminal) Src Homology 3 domain of Sorbin and SH3 domain containing (Sorbs) proteins and similar domains; This family, also called the vinexin family, is composed predominantly of adaptor proteins containing one sorbin homology (SoHo) and three SH3 domains. Members include the third SH3 domains of Sorbs1 (or ponsin), Sorbs2 (or ArgBP2), Vinexin (or Sorbs3), and similar domains. They are involved in the regulation of cytoskeletal organization, cell adhesion, and growth factor signaling. Members of this family bind multiple partners including signaling molecules like c-Abl, c-Arg, Sos, and c-Cbl, as well as cytoskeletal molecules such as vinculin and afadin. They may have overlapping functions. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 86562098 300 RVQSAFHPRHPDELLLEIGDAVHVDRTADDHWSYGTNLRTGQSGIFPASIV 350
Cdd:cd11780   3 RALYSYTPQNEDELELREGDIVYVMEKCDDGWFVGTSERTGLFGTFPGNYV 53

C-terminal (Fourth) Src Homology 3 domain of SH3 domain containing ring finger 1 (SH3RF1), SH3RF3, and similar domains; SH3RF1 (or POSH) and SH3RF3 (or POSH2) are scaffold proteins that function as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases. They contain an N-terminal RING finger domain and four SH3 domains. This model represents the fourth SH3 domain, located at the C-terminus of SH3RF1 and SH3RF3, and similar domains. SH3RF1 plays a role in calcium homeostasis through the control of the ubiquitin domain protein Herp. It may also have a role in regulating death receptor mediated and JNK mediated apoptosis. SH3RF3 interacts with p21-activated kinase 2 (PAK2) and GTP-loaded Rac1. It may play a role in regulating JNK mediated apoptosis in certain conditions. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 86562098 299 HRVQSAFHPRHPDELLLEIGDAVHVDRTADDHWSYGTNLRTGQSGIFPASIV 350
Cdd:cd11785   2 YRVIVPYPPQSEAELELKEGDIVFVHKKREDGWFKGTLQRTGKTGLFPGSFV 53

Variant SH3 domain;

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 86562098   304 AFHPRHPDELLLEIGDAVHVDRTADDHWSYGTNlrTGQSGIFPASIV 350
Cdd:pfam14604   4 PYEPKDDDELSLQRGDVITVIEESEDGWWEGIN--TGRTGLVPANYV 48

Src homology 3 domain of the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors ARHGEF5 and ARHGEF19; ARHGEF5, also called ephexin-3 or TIM (Transforming immortalized mammary oncogene), is a potent activator of RhoA and it plays roles in regulating cell shape, adhesion, and migration. It binds to the SH3 domain of Src and is involved in regulating Src-induced podosome formation. ARHGEF19, also called ephexin-2 or WGEF (weak-similarity GEF), is highly expressed in the intestine, liver, heart and kidney. It activates RhoA, Cdc42, and Rac 1, and has been shown to activate RhoA in the Wnt-PCP (planar cell polarity) pathway. It is involved in the regulation of cell polarity and cytoskeletal reorganization. ARHGEF5 and ARHGEF19 contain RhoGEF (also called Dbl-homologous or DH), Pleckstrin Homology (PH), and SH3 domains. The SH3 domains of ARHGEFs play an autoinhibitory role through intramolecular interactions with a proline-rich region N-terminal to the DH domain. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 86562098 304 AFHPRHPDELLLEIGDAVHVDRTADDHWSYGTNLRTGQSGIFPASIV 350
Cdd:cd11940   7 SYKAQENDELTLEKADIIMVRQQSSDGWLEGVRLSDGERGWFPQSHV 53

Src homology 3 domain of Alpha1,6-fucosyltransferase (Fut8); Fut8 catalyzes the alpha1,6-linkage of a fucose residue from a donor substrate to N-linked oligosaccharides on glycoproteins in a process called core fucosylation, which is crucial for growth factor receptor-mediated biological functions. Fut8-deficient mice show severe growth retardation, early death, and a pulmonary emphysema-like phenotype. Fut8 is also implicated to play roles in aging and cancer metastasis. It contains an N-terminal coiled-coil domain, a catalytic domain, and a C-terminal SH3 domain. The SH3 domain of Fut8 is located in the lumen and its role in glycosyl transfer is unclear. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 86562098 307 PRHPDELLLEIGDAVHVdrtADDHW---SYGTNLRTGQSGIFPA 347
Cdd:cd11792  10 PRNHDEIELRVGDIIGV---AGNHWdgySKGRNRRTGKTGLYPS 50

Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor Adaptor Protein 1 (LDLRAP1) in mammals and similar proteins Phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) PH-like fold; The null mutations in the LDL receptor adaptor protein 1 (LDLRAP1) gene, which serves as an adaptor for LDLR endocytosis in the liver, causes autosomal recessive hypercholesterolemia (ARH). LDLRAP1 contains a single PTB domain. PTB domains have a common PH-like fold and are found in various eukaryotic signaling molecules. This domain was initially shown to binds peptides with a NPXY motif with differing requirements for phosphorylation of the tyrosine, although more recent studies have found that some types of PTB domains can bind to peptides lack tyrosine residues altogether. In contrast to SH2 domains, which recognize phosphotyrosine and adjacent carboxy-terminal residues, PTB-domain binding specificity is conferred by residues amino-terminal to the phosphotyrosine. PTB domains are classified into three groups: phosphotyrosine-dependent Shc-like, phosphotyrosine-dependent IRS-like, and phosphotyrosine-independent Dab-like PTB domains. This cd contains mammals, insects, and sponges.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 86562098 378 TFYLTMLASIEVAHHKGNDVLTQAMNKVLSMYKNSEEiiVPQTVLMEISFRGIHVID-KRRKNFFQCPMFDffyslqnIS 456
Cdd:cd13159   4 TFYLKYLGSTLVEKPKGEGATAEAVKTIIAMAKASGK--KLQKVTLTVSPKGIKVTDsATNETILEVSIYR-------IS 74

                        90       100       110       120
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 86562098 457 FCGAHPKQLKYFGFITKHPLLPRFACHVFM--SKNTTQPIVEAIGRAFK 503
Cdd:cd13159  75 YCTADANHDKVFAFIATNQDNEKLECHAFLcaKRKMAQAVTLTVAQAFN 123

Third (or C-terminal) Src Homology 3 domain of Sorbin and SH3 domain containing 1 (Sorbs1), also called ponsin; Sorbs1 is also called ponsin, SH3P12, or CAP (c-Cbl associated protein). It is an adaptor protein containing one sorbin homology (SoHo) and three SH3 domains. It binds Cbl and plays a major role in regulating the insulin signaling pathway by enhancing insulin-induced phosphorylation of Cbl. Sorbs1, like vinexin, localizes at cell-ECM and cell-cell adhesion sites where it binds vinculin, paxillin, and afadin. It may function in the control of cell motility. Other interaction partners of Sorbs1 include c-Abl, Sos, flotillin, Grb4, ataxin-7, filamin C, among others. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 86562098 298 THRVQSAFHPRHPDELLLEIGDAVHVDRTADDHWSYGTNLRTGQSGIFPASIV 350
Cdd:cd11916   3 SYQALYSYAPQNDDELELRDGDIVDVMEKCDDGWFVGTSRRTKQFGTFPGNYV 55

Src homology 3 domain of the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor, ephexin-1 (also called NGEF or ARHGEF27); Ephexin-1, also called NGEF (neuronal GEF) or ARHGEF27, activates RhoA, Tac1, and Cdc42 by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. It is expressed mainly in the brain in a region associated with movement control. It regulates the stability of postsynaptic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clusters and thus, plays a critical role in the maturation and neurotransmission of neuromuscular junctions. Ephexin-1 directly interacts with the ephrin receptor EphA4 and their coexpression enhances the ability of ephexin-1 to activate RhoA. It is required for normal axon growth and EphA-induced growth cone collapse. Ephexin-1 contains RhoGEF (also called Dbl-homologous or DH), Pleckstrin Homology (PH), and SH3 domains. The SH3 domains of ARHGEFs play an autoinhibitory role through intramolecular interactions with a proline-rich region N-terminal to the DH domain. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 86562098 306 HP---RHPDELLLEIGDAVHVDRTADDHWSYGTNLRTGQSGIFPASIVCE 352
Cdd:cd11939   6 HPyvsQEPDELSLELADVLNILDKTDDGWIFGERLHDQERGWFPSSVVEE 55

uncharacterized protein LOC417372 Phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) PH-like fold; The function of LOC417372 and its related proteins are unknown to date. Members here contain a N-terminal RUN domain, followed by a PDZ domain, and a C-terminal PTB domain. The RUN domain is involved in Ras-like GTPase signaling. The PDZ domain (also called DHR/Dlg homologous region or GLGF after its conserved sequence motif) binds C-terminal polypeptides, internal (non-C-terminal) polypeptides, and lipids. PTB domains have a common PH-like fold and are found in various eukaryotic signaling molecules. This domain was initially shown to binds peptides with a NPXY motif with differing requirements for phosphorylation of the tyrosine, although more recent studies have found that some types of PTB domains can bind to peptides lack tyrosine residues altogether. In contrast to SH2 domains, which recognize phosphotyrosine and adjacent carboxy-terminal residues, PTB-domain binding specificity is conferred by residues amino-terminal to the phosphotyrosine. PTB domains are classified into three groups: phosphotyrosine-dependent Shc-like, phosphotyrosine-dependent IRS-like, and phosphotyrosine-independent Dab-like PTB domains. This cd is part of the Dab-like subgroup.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 86562098 411 NSEEIIVPQTVLMEISFRGIHVIDK-RRKNFFQcpmfdffYSLQNISFCGAHPKQLKYFGFI---TKHPLLPRFACHVF- 485
Cdd:cd13168  30 VLESDLTPKEVLLELGEIGVTVWDKsTSEVLFK-------HSFPEISSCGRRVDDPNYFAYIagdTPCSLAKHFVCYVFe 102

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|
gi 86562098 486 -MSKNTTQPIVEAIGRAFKR 504
Cdd:cd13168 103 aADEEEAETILQGIAQGFKR 122

C-terminal Src Homology 3 domain of the Nebulin family of proteins; Nebulin family proteins contain multiple nebulin repeats, and may contain an N-terminal LIM domain and/or a C-terminal SH3 domain. They have molecular weights ranging from 34 to 900 kD, depending on the number of nebulin repeats, and they all bind actin. They are involved in the regulation of actin filament architecture and function as stabilizers and scaffolds for cytoskeletal structures with which they associate, such as long actin filaments or focal adhesions. Nebulin family proteins that contain a C-terminal SH3 domain include the giant filamentous protein nebulin, nebulette, Lasp1, and Lasp2. Lasp2, also called LIM-nebulette, is an alternatively spliced variant of nebulette. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 86562098 311 DELLLEIGDAVHVDRTADDHWSYGTNLRTGQSGIFPASIV 350
Cdd:cd11789  14 DEVSFQEGDVIINVEIIDDGWMEGTVQRTGQSGMLPANYV 53

Second Src Homology 3 domain (SH3B) of CD2-associated protein; CD2AP, also called CMS (Cas ligand with Multiple SH3 domains) or METS1 (Mesenchyme-to-Epithelium Transition protein with SH3 domains), is a cytosolic adaptor protein that plays a role in regulating the cytoskeleton. It is critical in cell-to-cell union necessary for kidney function. It also stabilizes the contact between a T cell and antigen-presenting cells. It is primarily expressed in podocytes at the cytoplasmic face of the slit diaphragm and serves as a linker anchoring podocin and nephrin to the actin cytoskeleton. CD2AP contains three SH3 domains, a proline-rich region, and a C-terminal coiled-coil domain. All of these domains enable CD2AP to bind various protein partners and assemble complexes that have been implicated in many different functions. This alignment model represents the second SH3 domain (SH3B) of CD2AP. SH3B binds to c-Cbl in a site (TPSSRPLR is the core binding motif) distinct from the c-Cbl/SH3A binding site. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 86562098 307 PRHPDELLLEIGDAVHVDRTADDHWSYGTNlrTGQSGIFPASIVCEI 353
Cdd:cd12054  11 PQNEDELELKVGDIIDINEEVEEGWWSGTL--NGKSGLFPSNFVKEL 55

Adaptor protein containing PH domain, PTB domain, and Leucine zipper motif (APPL; also called DCC-interacting protein (DIP)-13alpha) Phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain; APPL interacts with oncoprotein serine/threonine kinase AKT2, tumor suppressor protein DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer), Rab5, GIPC (GAIP-interacting protein, C terminus), human follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), and the adiponectin receptors AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. There are two isoforms of human APPL: APPL1 and APPL2, which share about 50% sequence identity. APPL has a BAR and a PH domain near its N terminus, and the two domains are thought to function as a unit (BAR-PH domain). C-terminal to this is a PTB domain. Lipid binding assays show that the BAR, PH, and PTB domains can bind phospholipids. PTB domains have a common PH-like fold and are found in various eukaryotic signaling molecules. This domain was initially shown to binds peptides with a NPXY motif with differing requirements for phosphorylation of the tyrosine, although more recent studies have found that some types of PTB domains can bind to peptides lack tyrosine residues altogether. In contrast to SH2 domains, which recognize phosphotyrosine and adjacent carboxy-terminal residues, PTB-domain binding specificity is conferred by residues amino-terminal to the phosphotyrosine. PTB domains are classified into three groups: phosphotyrosine-dependent Shc-like, phosphotyrosine-dependent IRS-like, and phosphotyrosine-independent Dab-like PTB domains.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 86562098 378 TFYLTMLASIEVAHHKGNDVLTQAMNKVLS--------------MYKNSEEI--IVPQTVLMEISFrgihvidkrrknff 441
Cdd:cd13158  12 LFIVRFLGSMEVKSDRTSEVIYEAMRQVLAaraihnifrmteshLLVTSDCLrlIDPQTQVTRARF-------------- 77

                        90       100       110       120       130       140
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 86562098 442 qcpmfdffySLQNISFCGAHPKQLKYFGFITKHP----LLPRFACHVFMSKNTTQPIVEAIGRA 501
Cdd:cd13158  78 ---------PLADVVQFAAHQENKRLFGFVVRTPegdgEEPSFSCYVFESNTEGEKICDAIALA 132

SH3 domain; SH3 (Src homology 3) domains are often indicative of a protein involved in signal transduction related to cytoskeletal organization. First described in the Src cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase. The structure is a partly opened beta barrel.

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gi 86562098   300 RVQSAFHPRHPDELLLEIGDAVHVDRTADDHWSYGTNLrTGQSGIFPA 347
Cdd:pfam00018   1 VALYDYTAQEPDELSFKKGDIIIVLEKSEDGWWKGRNK-GGKEGLIPS 47

Src Homology 3 domain of Sorting Nexin 9 and similar proteins; Sorting nexins (SNXs) are Phox homology (PX) domain containing proteins that are involved in regulating membrane traffic and protein sorting in the endosomal system. SNXs differ from each other in their lipid-binding specificity, subcellular localization and specific function in the endocytic pathway. This subfamily consists of SH3 domain containing SNXs including SNX9, SNX18, SNX33, and similar proteins. SNX9 is localized to plasma membrane endocytic sites and acts primarily in clathrin-mediated endocytosis, while SNX18 is localized to peripheral endosomal structures, and acts in a trafficking pathway that is clathrin-independent but relies on AP-1 and PACS1. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 86562098 300 RVQSAFHPRHPDELLLEIGDAVHVDR-TADDHWSYGTNLRtGQSGIFPASIV 350
Cdd:cd11763   3 RALYDFDSQPSGELSLRAGEVLTITRqDVGDGWLEGRNSR-GEVGLFPSSYV 53

C-terminal Src Homology 3 domain of LIM and SH3 domain protein 1; Lasp1 is a cytoplasmic protein that binds focal adhesion proteins and is involved in cell signaling, migration, and proliferation. It is overexpressed in several cancer cells including breast, ovarian, bladder, and liver. In cancer cells, it can be found in the nucleus; its degree of nuclear localization correlates with tumor size and poor prognosis. Lasp1 is a 36kD protein containing an N-terminal LIM domain, two nebulin repeats, and a C-terminal SH3 domain. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

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gi 86562098 311 DELLLEIGDAVHVDRTADDHWSYGTNLRTGQSGIFPASIV 350
Cdd:cd11934  17 DEVSFQDGDTIVNVQQIDDGWMYGTVERTGDTGMLPANYV 56

Src Homology 3 domain of Class A and B Dedicator of Cytokinesis proteins; DOCK proteins are atypical guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that lack the conventional Dbl homology (DH) domain. They are divided into four classes (A-D) based on sequence similarity and domain architecture: class A includes Dock1, 2 and 5; class B includes Dock3 and 4; class C includes Dock6, 7, and 8; and class D includes Dock9, 10 and 11. All DOCKs contain two homology domains: the DHR-1 (Dock homology region-1), also called CZH1 (CED-5, Dock180, and MBC-zizimin homology 1), and DHR-2 (also called CZH2 or Docker). The DHR-1 domain binds phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate while DHR-2 contains the catalytic activity for Rac and/or Cdc42. This subfamily includes only Class A and B DOCKs, which also contain an SH3 domain at the N-terminal region and a PxxP motif at the C-terminus. Class A/B DOCKs are mostly specific GEFs for Rac, except Dock4 which activates the Ras family GTPase Rap1, probably indirectly through interaction with Rap regulatory proteins. The SH3 domain of class A/B DOCKs have been shown to bind Elmo, a scaffold protein that promotes GEF activity of DOCKs by releasing DHR-2 autoinhibition by the intramolecular SH3 domain. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

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gi 86562098 305 FHPRHPDELLLEIGDAVHVDRTAdDHWSYGTNLRT-GQSGIFPASIV 350
Cdd:cd11872   8 FQGDGEHQLSLQVGDTVQILEEC-EGWYRGFSLRNkSLKGIFPKSYV 53

Src Homology 3 domain of beta-Pak Interactive eXchange factor; Beta-PIX, also called Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 7 (ARHGEF7) or Cool (Cloned out of Library)-1, activates small GTPases by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. It acts as a GEF for both Cdc42 and Rac 1, and plays important roles in regulating neuroendocrine exocytosis, focal adhesion maturation, cell migration, synaptic vesicle localization, and insulin secretion. PIX proteins contain an N-terminal SH3 domain followed by RhoGEF (also called Dbl-homologous or DH) and Pleckstrin Homology (PH) domains, and a C-terminal leucine-zipper domain for dimerization. The SH3 domain of PIX binds to an atypical PxxxPR motif in p21-activated kinases (PAKs) with high affinity. The binding of PAKs to PIX facilitate the localization of PAKs to focal complexes and also localizes PAKs to PIX targets Cdc43 and Rac, leading to the activation of PAKs. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

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gi 86562098 300 RVQSAFHPRHPDELLLEIGDAVHVDRTADDHWSYGTNlrTGQSGIFPASIVCEI 353
Cdd:cd12061   3 RAKFNFQQTNEDELSFSKGDVIHVTRVEEGGWWEGTH--NGRTGWFPSNYVREI 54

Src Homology 3 domain of Ras GTPase-Activating Protein 1; RasGAP, also called Ras p21 protein activator, RASA1, or p120RasGAP, is part of the GAP1 family of GTPase-activating proteins. It is a 120kD cytosolic protein containing an SH3 domain flanked by two SH2 domains at the N-terminal end, a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, a calcium dependent phospholipid binding domain (CaLB/C2), and a C-terminal catalytic GAP domain. It stimulates the GTPase activity of normal RAS p21. It acts as a positive effector of Ras in tumor cells. It also functions as a regulator downstream of tyrosine receptors such as those of PDGF, EGF, ephrin, and insulin, among others. The SH3 domain of RasGAP is unable to bind proline-rich sequences but have been shown to interact with protein partners such as the G3BP protein, Aurora kinases, and the Calpain small subunit 1. The RasGAP SH3 domain is necessary for the downstream signaling of Ras and it also influences Rho-mediated cytoskeletal reorganization. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that typically bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

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gi 86562098 311 DELLLEIGDAVHVDRTADDHWSYGTNLRTGQSGIFPAsivceiDLVEEI 359
Cdd:cd11788  17 DELSFQKGDIFVVHNELEDGWLWVTSLRTGESGLVFR------DLVEEL 59

Src homology 3 domain of Src kinase-like Protein Tyrosine Kinases; Src subfamily members include Src, Lck, Hck, Blk, Lyn, Fgr, Fyn, Yrk, Yes, and Brk. Src (or c-Src) proteins are cytoplasmic (or non-receptor) PTKs which are anchored to the plasma membrane. They contain an N-terminal SH4 domain with a myristoylation site, followed by SH3 and SH2 domains, a tyr kinase domain, and a regulatory C-terminal region containing a conserved tyr. They are activated by autophosphorylation at the tyr kinase domain, but are negatively regulated by phosphorylation at the C-terminal tyr by Csk (C-terminal Src Kinase). However, Brk lacks the N-terminal myristoylation sites. Src proteins are involved in signaling pathways that regulate cytokine and growth factor responses, cytoskeleton dynamics, cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. They were identified as the first proto-oncogene products, and they regulate cell adhesion, invasion, and motility in cancer cells, and tumor vasculature, contributing to cancer progression and metastasis. Src kinases are overexpressed in a variety of human cancers, making them attractive targets for therapy. They are also implicated in acute inflammatory responses and osteoclast function. Src, Fyn, Yes, and Yrk are widely expressed, while Blk, Lck, Hck, Fgr, Lyn, and Brk show a limited expression pattern. This subfamily also includes Drosophila Src42A, Src oncogene at 42A (also known as Dsrc41) which accumulates at sites of cell-cell or cell-matrix adhesion, and participates in Drosphila development and wound healing. It has been shown to promote tube elongation in the tracheal system, is essential for proper cell-cell matching during dorsal closure, and regulates cell-cell contacts in developing Drosophila eyes. The SH3 domain of Src kinases contributes to substrate recruitment by binding adaptor proteins/substrates, and regulation of kinase activity through an intramolecular interaction. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

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gi 86562098 305 FHPRHPDELLLEIGDAVHVDRTADDHWSYGTNLRTGQSGIFPAS 348
Cdd:cd11845   8 YEARTDDDLSFKKGDRLQILDDSDGDWWLARHLSTGKEGYIPSN 51

First N-terminal Src homology 3 domain of Dynamin Binding Protein, also called Tuba; DNMBP or Tuba is a cdc42-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that contains four N-terminal SH3 domains, a central RhoGEF [or Dbl homology (DH)] domain followed by a Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain, and two C-terminal SH3 domains. It provides a functional link between dynamin and key regulatory proteins of the actin cytoskeleton. It plays an important role in regulating cell junction configuration. The four N-terminal SH3 domains of DNMBP binds the GTPase dynamin, which plays an important role in the fission of endocytic vesicles. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 86562098 300 RVQSAFHPRHPDELLLEIGDAVHVDRTADDHWSYGTNLrtGQSGIFPASIV 350
Cdd:cd11794   3 RAIFDFCPSVSEELPLFAGDVIEVLKVVDEFWLLGTKE--GVTGQFPSSFV 51

Src homology 3 domain of Ubiquitin-associated and SH3 domain-containing protein B; UBASH3B, also called Suppressor of T cell receptor Signaling (STS)-1 or T cell Ubiquitin LigAnd (TULA)-2 is an active phosphatase that is expressed ubiquitously. The phosphatase activity of UBASH3B is essential for its roles in the suppression of TCR signaling and the regulation of EGFR. It also interacts with Syk and functions as a negative regulator of platelet glycoprotein VI signaling. TULA proteins contain an N-terminal UBA domain, a central SH3 domain, and a C-terminal histidine phosphatase domain. They bind c-Cbl through the SH3 domain and to ubiquitin via UBA. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

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gi 86562098 298 THRVQSAFHPRHPDELLLEIGDAVHVD----RTADDHWSYGTNLRTGQSGIFPASIV 350
Cdd:cd11936   3 TLQVIYPYTPQNDDELELVPGDYIFMSpmeqTSTSEGWIYGTSLTTGCSGLLPENYI 59

Src Homology 3 domain of Cytokinesis protein 3 and similar proteins; Cytokinesis protein 3 (Cyk3 or Cyk3p) is a component of the actomyosin ring independent cytokinesis pathway in yeast. It interacts with Inn1 and facilitates its recruitment to the bud neck, thereby promoting cytokinesis. Cyk3p contains an N-terminal SH3 domain and a C-terminal transglutaminase-like domain. The Cyk3p SH3 domain binds to the C-terminal proline-rich region of Inn1. SH3 domains bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs; they play a role in the regulation of enzymes by intramolecular interactions, changing the subcellular localization of signal pathway components and mediate multiprotein complex assemblies.

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gi 86562098 318 GDAVHVDRTADDHWSYGTNLRTGQSGIFPASIV 350
Cdd:cd11889  21 GDLIEVLSIGDGSWWSGKLRRNGAEGIFPSNFV 53

Src Homology 3 domain of metazoan osteoclast stimulating factor 1; OSTF1, also named OSF or SH3P2, is a signaling protein containing SH3 and ankyrin-repeat domains. It acts through a Src-related pathway to enhance the formation of osteoclasts and bone resorption. It also acts as a negative regulator of cell motility. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

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gi 86562098 304 AFHPRHPDELLLEIGDAVHVDRTADDHWSYGTNlrTGQSGIFPASIVCE 352
Cdd:cd11772   7 DYEAQHPDELSFEEGDLLYISDKSDPNWWKATC--GGKTGLIPSNYVEE 53

Src Homology 3 domain of Amphiphysin and related domains; Amphiphysins function primarily in endocytosis and other membrane remodeling events. They exist in several isoforms and mammals possess two amphiphysin proteins from distinct genes. Amphiphysin I proteins, enriched in the brain and nervous system, contain domains that bind clathrin, Adaptor Protein complex 2 (AP2), dynamin, and synaptojanin. They function in synaptic vesicle endocytosis. Human autoantibodies to amphiphysin I hinder GABAergic signaling and contribute to the pathogenesis of paraneoplastic stiff-person syndrome. Some amphiphysin II isoforms, also called Bridging integrator 1 (Bin1), are localized in many different tissues and may function in intracellular vesicle trafficking. In skeletal muscle, Bin1 plays a role in the organization and maintenance of the T-tubule network. Mutations in Bin1 are associated with autosomal recessive centronuclear myopathy. Amphiphysins contain an N-terminal BAR domain with an additional N-terminal amphipathic helix (an N-BAR), a variable central domain, and a C-terminal SH3 domain. The SH3 domain of amphiphysins bind proline-rich motifs present in binding partners such as dynamin, synaptojanin, and nsP3. It also belongs to a subset of SH3 domains that bind ubiquitin in a site that overlaps with the peptide binding site. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

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gi 86562098 299 HRVQSAFH--PRHPDELLLEIGDAVHVDRT-----ADDHWSYGTNLRTGQSGIFPA 347
Cdd:cd11790   3 YKVRATHDytAEDTDELTFEKGDVILVIPFddpeeQDEGWLMGVKESTGCRGVFPE 58

Src Homology 3 domain of Abelson helper integration site-1 (AHI-1); AHI-1, also called Jouberin, is expressed in high levels in the brain, gonad tissues, and skeletal muscle. It is an adaptor protein that interacts with the small GTPase Rab8a and regulates it distribution and function, affecting cilium formation and vesicle transport. Mutations in the AHI-1 gene can cause Joubert syndrome, a disorder characterized by brainstem malformations, cerebellar aplasia/hypoplasia, and retinal dystrophy. AHI-1 variation is also associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes mellitus progression. AHI-1 contains WD40 and SH3 domains. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

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gi 86562098 311 DELLLEIGDAVHVDRTADDHWSYGTnLRTGQSGIFPASIV 350
Cdd:cd11812  14 DELTIHRGDIIRVLYKDNDNWWFGS-LVNGQQGYFPANYV 52

Second Src Homology 3 domain of Vinexin, also called Sorbin and SH3 domain containing 3 (Sorbs3); Vinexin is also called Sorbs3, SH3P3, and SH3-containing adapter molecule 1 (SCAM-1). It is an adaptor protein containing one sorbin homology (SoHo) and three SH3 domains. Vinexin was first identified as a vinculin binding protein; it is co-localized with vinculin at cell-ECM and cell-cell adhesion sites. There are several splice variants of vinexin: alpha, which contains the SoHo and three SH3 domains and displays tissue-specific expression; and beta, which contains only the three SH3 domains and is widely expressed. Vinexin alpha stimulates the accumulation of F-actin at focal contact sites. Vinexin also promotes keratinocyte migration and wound healing. The SH3 domains of vinexin have been reported to bind a number of ligands including vinculin, WAVE2, DLG5, Abl, and Cbl. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

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gi 86562098 302 QSAFHPRHPDELLLEIGDAVHVDRTADDHWSYGTNLRTGQSGIFPASIV 350
Cdd:cd11924   6 QYTFKGDLEVELSFRKGEHICLIRKVNENWYEGRITGTGRQGIFPASYV 54