Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC5-type), found in mahogunin RING finger protein 1 (MGRN1) and similar proteins; MGRN1, also known as RING finger protein 156 (RNF156), is a cytosolic E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that inhibits signaling through the G protein-coupled melanocortin receptors-1 (MC1R), -2 (MC2R) and -4 (MC4R) via ubiquitylation-dependent and -independent processes. It suppresses chaperone-associated misfolded protein aggregation and toxicity. MGRN1 interacts with cytosolic prion proteins (PrPs) that are linked with neurodegeneration. It also interacts with expanded polyglutamine proteins, and suppresses misfolded polyglutamine aggregation and cytotoxicity. Moreover, MGRN1 inhibits melanocortin receptor signaling by competition with Galphas, suggesting a novel pathway for melanocortin signaling from the cell surface to the nucleus. Furthermore, MGRN1 interacts with and ubiquitylates TSG101, a key component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-I, and regulates endosomal trafficking. A null mutation in the gene encoding MGRN1 causes spongiform neurodegeneration, suggesting a link between dysregulation of endosomal trafficking and spongiform neurodegeneration. MGRN1 contains a modified C3HC5-type RING-HC finger, a conserved PSAP motif necessary for interaction between MGRN1 and TSG101. In addition, MGRN1 harbors a functionally uncharacterized region, as known as the domain associated with RING2 (DAR2), N-terminal to the RING finger. The C3HC5-type RING-HC finger is distinguished from typical C3HC4 RING-HC finger due to the existence of the additional cysteine residue in the middle portion of the RING finger domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2240474248 269 DDENSDNSNECVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLCLCNSCADTLRYQANNCPICRLPFRALLQ 326
Cdd:cd16816     1 DDENSDNSNECVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLCLCNSCADTLRYQANNCPICRLPFRALLQ 58

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC5-type), found in mahogunin RING finger protein 1 (MGRN1) and similar proteins; MGRN1, also known as RING finger protein 156 (RNF156), is a cytosolic E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that inhibits signaling through the G protein-coupled melanocortin receptors-1 (MC1R), -2 (MC2R) and -4 (MC4R) via ubiquitylation-dependent and -independent processes. It suppresses chaperone-associated misfolded protein aggregation and toxicity. MGRN1 interacts with cytosolic prion proteins (PrPs) that are linked with neurodegeneration. It also interacts with expanded polyglutamine proteins, and suppresses misfolded polyglutamine aggregation and cytotoxicity. Moreover, MGRN1 inhibits melanocortin receptor signaling by competition with Galphas, suggesting a novel pathway for melanocortin signaling from the cell surface to the nucleus. Furthermore, MGRN1 interacts with and ubiquitylates TSG101, a key component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-I, and regulates endosomal trafficking. A null mutation in the gene encoding MGRN1 causes spongiform neurodegeneration, suggesting a link between dysregulation of endosomal trafficking and spongiform neurodegeneration. MGRN1 contains a modified C3HC5-type RING-HC finger, a conserved PSAP motif necessary for interaction between MGRN1 and TSG101. In addition, MGRN1 harbors a functionally uncharacterized region, as known as the domain associated with RING2 (DAR2), N-terminal to the RING finger. The C3HC5-type RING-HC finger is distinguished from typical C3HC4 RING-HC finger due to the existence of the additional cysteine residue in the middle portion of the RING finger domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2240474248 269 DDENSDNSNECVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLCLCNSCADTLRYQANNCPICRLPFRALLQ 326
Cdd:cd16816     1 DDENSDNSNECVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLCLCNSCADTLRYQANNCPICRLPFRALLQ 58

Ring finger; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity is intrinsic to the RING domain of c-Cbl and is likely to be a general function of this domain; Various RING fingers exhibit binding activity towards E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (Ubc' s)

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2240474248  279 CVVCLSD-LRDTLILPCRHLcLCNSCADT-LRYQANNCPIC 317
Cdd:smart00184   1 CPICLEEyLKDPVILPCGHT-FCRSCIRKwLESGNNTCPIC 40

Uncharacterized conserved protein, contains RING Zn-finger [General function prediction only];

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 2240474248 260 KNNQETKP------SDDENSDNSNeCVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLcLCNSCADTLR--YQANNCPICR 318
Cdd:COG5236    40 KNNLSAEPnlttssADDTDEENMN-CQICAGSTTYSARYPCGHQ-ICHACAVRLRalYMQKGCPLCR 104

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC5-type), found in mahogunin RING finger protein 1 (MGRN1) and similar proteins; MGRN1, also known as RING finger protein 156 (RNF156), is a cytosolic E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that inhibits signaling through the G protein-coupled melanocortin receptors-1 (MC1R), -2 (MC2R) and -4 (MC4R) via ubiquitylation-dependent and -independent processes. It suppresses chaperone-associated misfolded protein aggregation and toxicity. MGRN1 interacts with cytosolic prion proteins (PrPs) that are linked with neurodegeneration. It also interacts with expanded polyglutamine proteins, and suppresses misfolded polyglutamine aggregation and cytotoxicity. Moreover, MGRN1 inhibits melanocortin receptor signaling by competition with Galphas, suggesting a novel pathway for melanocortin signaling from the cell surface to the nucleus. Furthermore, MGRN1 interacts with and ubiquitylates TSG101, a key component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-I, and regulates endosomal trafficking. A null mutation in the gene encoding MGRN1 causes spongiform neurodegeneration, suggesting a link between dysregulation of endosomal trafficking and spongiform neurodegeneration. MGRN1 contains a modified C3HC5-type RING-HC finger, a conserved PSAP motif necessary for interaction between MGRN1 and TSG101. In addition, MGRN1 harbors a functionally uncharacterized region, as known as the domain associated with RING2 (DAR2), N-terminal to the RING finger. The C3HC5-type RING-HC finger is distinguished from typical C3HC4 RING-HC finger due to the existence of the additional cysteine residue in the middle portion of the RING finger domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2240474248 269 DDENSDNSNECVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLCLCNSCADTLRYQANNCPICRLPFRALLQ 326
Cdd:cd16816     1 DDENSDNSNECVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLCLCNSCADTLRYQANNCPICRLPFRALLQ 58

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC5-type), found in mahogunin RING finger protein 1 (MGRN1), RING finger protein 157 (RNF157) and similar proteins; MGRN1, also known as RING finger protein 156 (RNF156), is a cytosolic E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that inhibits signaling through the G protein-coupled melanocortin receptors-1 (MC1R), -2 (MC2R) and -4 (MC4R) via ubiquitylation-dependent and -independent processes. It suppresses chaperone-associated misfolded protein aggregation and toxicity. MGRN1 interacts with cytosolic prion proteins (PrPs) that are linked with neurodegeneration. It also interacts with expanded polyglutamine proteins, and suppresses misfolded polyglutamine aggregation and cytotoxicity. Moreover, MGRN1 inhibits melanocortin receptor signaling by competition with Galphas, suggesting a novel pathway for melanocortin signaling from the cell surface to the nucleus. MGRN1 also interacts with and ubiquitylates TSG101, a key component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-I, and regulates endosomal trafficking. A null mutation in the gene encoding MGRN1 causes spongiform neurodegeneration, suggesting a link between dysregulation of endosomal trafficking and spongiform neurodegeneration. RNF157 is a cytoplasmic E3 ubiquitin ligase predominantly expressed in the brain. It is a homolog of the E3 ligase mahogunin ring finger-1 (MGRN1). In cultured neurons, it promotes neuronal survival in an E3 ligase-dependent manner. In contrast, it supports growth and maintenance of dendrites independent of its E3 ligase activity. RNF157 interacts with and ubiquitinates the adaptor protein APBB1 (amyloid beta precursor protein-binding, family B, member 1 or Fe65), which regulates neuronal survival, but not dendritic growth downstream of RNF157. The nuclear localization of APBB1 together with its interaction partner RNA-binding protein SART3 (squamous cell carcinoma antigen recognized by T cells 3 or Tip110) is crucial to trigger apoptosis. Both MGRN1 and RNF157 contain a modified C3HC5-type RING-HC finger, and a functionally uncharacterized region, known as domain associated with RING2 (DAR2), N-terminal to the RING finger. The C3HC5-type RING-HC finger is distinguished from typical C3HC4 RING-HC finger due to the existence of the additional cysteine residue in the middle portion of the RING finger domain.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 2240474248 277 NECVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLCLCNSCADTLRYQANNCPICR 318
Cdd:cd16789     1 SECVICLSDPRDTAVLPCRHLCLCSDCAEVLRYQSNKCPICR 42

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC5-type), found in RING finger proteins, RNF26, RNF197 (CGRRF1), RNF156 (MGRN1), RNF157 and similar proteins; This subfamily corresponds to a group of RING finger proteins containing a modified C3HC5-type RING-HC finger, which is distinguished from typical C3HC4 RING-HC finger due to the existence of the additional cysteine residue in the middle portion of the RING finger domain. Cell growth regulator with RING finger domain protein 1 (CGRRF1), also known as cell growth regulatory gene 19 protein (CGR19) or RING finger protein 197 (RNF197), functions as a novel biomarker to monitor endometrial sensitivity and response to insulin-sensitizing drugs, such as metformin, in the context of obesity. RNF26 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that temporally regulates virus-triggered type I interferon induction by increasing the stability of Mediator of IRF3 activation, MITA, also known as STING, through K11-linked polyubiquitination after viral infection and promoting degradation of IRF3, another important component required for virus-triggered interferon induction. Mahogunin ring finger-1 (MGRN1), also known as RING finger protein 156 (RNF156), is a cytosolic E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that inhibits signaling through the G protein-coupled melanocortin receptors-1 (MC1R), -2 (MC2R) and -4 (MC4R) via ubiquitylation-dependent and -independent processes. It suppresses chaperone-associated misfolded protein aggregation and toxicity. RNF157 is a cytoplasmic E3 ubiquitin ligase predominantly expressed in the brain. It is a homolog of the E3 ligase MGRN1. In cultured neurons, it promotes neuronal survival in an E3 ligase-dependent manner. In contrast, it supports growth and maintenance of dendrites independent of its E3 ligase activity. RNF157 interacts with and ubiquitinates the adaptor protein APBB1 (amyloid beta precursor protein-binding, family B, member 1 or Fe65), which regulates neuronal survival, but not dendritic growth downstream of RNF157. The nuclear localization of APBB1 together with its interaction partner RNA-binding protein SART3 (squamous cell carcinoma antigen recognized by T cells 3 or Tip110) is crucial to trigger apoptosis.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 2240474248 277 NECVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLCLCNSCADTLRYQanNCPICR 318
Cdd:cd16649     1 GLCVVCLENPASVLLLPCRHLCLCEVCAKGLRGK--TCPICR 40

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC5-type), found in neuralized-like protein NEURL1A, NEURL1B, and similar proteins; This subfamily includes Drosophila neuralized (D-neu) protein, and its two mammalian homologs, NEURL1A and NEURL1B. D-neu is a regulator of the developmentally important Notch signaling pathway. NEURL1A, also known as NEURL1, NEU, neuralized 1, or RING finger protein 67 (RNF67), is a mammalian homolog of D-neu. It functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that directly interacts with and monoubiquitinates cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 3 (CPEB3), an RNA binding protein and a translational regulator of local protein synthesis, which facilitates hippocampal plasticity and hippocampal-dependent memory storage. It also acts as a potential tumor suppressor that causes apoptosis and downregulates Notch target genes in medulloblastoma. NEURL1B, also known as neuralized-2 (NEUR2) or neuralized-like protein 3, is another mammalian homolog of D-neu protein. It functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with and ubiquitinates Delta. Thus, it plays a role in the endocytic pathways for Notch signaling by working cooperatively with another E3 ligase, Mind bomb-1 (Mib1), in Delta endocytosis to hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (Hrs)-positive vesicles. Members of this subfamily contain two neuralized homology regions (NHRs) responsible for Neural-ligand interactions and a modified C3HC5-type RING-HC finger required for ubiquitin ligase activity. The C3HC5-type RING-HC finger is distinguished from typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger due to the existence of the additional cysteine residue in the middle portion of the RING finger domain.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 2240474248 276 SNECVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLCLCNSCADTLRYQANNCPICRLPFRALLQI 327
Cdd:cd16647     1 GSECVICYERPVDTVLYRCGHMCMCYDCALQLKRRGGSCPICRAPIKDVIKI 52

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC5-type), found in neuralized-like protein 1B (NEURL1B); NEURL1B, also known as neuralized-2 (NEUR2) or neuralized-like protein 3, is a mammalian homolog of the Drosophila neuralized (D-neu) protein. It functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with and ubiquitinates Delta. Thus, it plays a role in the endocytic pathways for Notch signaling through working cooperatively with another E3 ligase, Mind bomb-1 (Mib1), in Delta endocytosis to hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (Hrs)-positive vesicles. NEURL1B contains two neuralized homology regions (NHRs) responsible for Neural-ligand interactions and a modified C3HC5-type RING-HC finger required for ubiquitin ligase activity. The C3HC5-type RING-HC finger is distinguished from typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger due to the existence of the additional cysteine residue in the middle portion of the RING finger domain.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 2240474248 276 SNECVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLCLCNSCADTLRYQANN-CPICRLPFRALLQI 327
Cdd:cd16786     2 NGECTVCFDSEVDTVIYTCGHMCLCNSCGLKLKRQINAcCPICRRVIKDVIKI 54

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC5-type), found in mitochondrial-anchored protein ligase (MAPL) and similar proteins; MAPL, also known as MULAN, mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase activator of NFKB 1, E3 SUMO-protein ligase MUL1, E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MUL1, growth inhibition and death E3 ligase (GIDE), putative NF-kappa-B-activating protein 266, or RING finger protein 218 (RNF218), is a multifunctional mitochondrial outer membrane protein involved in several processes specific to metazoan (multicellular animal) cells, such as NF-kappaB activation, innate immunity and antiviral signaling, suppression of PINK1/parkin defects, mitophagy in skeletal muscle, and caspase-dependent apoptosis. MAPL contains a unique BAM (beside a membrane)/GIDE (growth inhibition death E3 ligase) domain and a C-terminal modified cytosolic C3HC5-type RING-HC finger which is distinguished from typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger due to the existence of the additional cysteine residue in the middle portion of the RING finger domain.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 2240474248 277 NECVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLCLCNSCADTLRyQANNCPICR 318
Cdd:cd16648     2 NACVICLSNPRSCVFLECGHVCSCIECYEALP-SPKKCPICR 42

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC5-type), found in neuralized-like protein 1A (NEURL1A) and similar proteins; NEURL1A, also known as NEURL1, NEU, neuralized 1, or RING finger protein 67 (RNF67), is a mammalian homolog of the Drosophila neuralized (D-neu) protein. It functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that directly interacts with and monoubiquitinates cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 3 (CPEB3), an RNA binding protein and a translational regulator of local protein synthesis, which facilitates hippocampal plasticity and hippocampal-dependent memory storage. It also acts as a potential tumor suppressor that causes apoptosis and downregulates Notch target genes in the medulloblastoma. NEURL1A contains two neuralized homology regions (NHRs) responsible for Neural-ligand interactions and a modified C3HC5-type RING-HC finger required for ubiquitin ligase activity. The C3HC5-type RING-HC finger is distinguished from typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger due to the existence of the additional cysteine residue in the middle portion of the RING finger domain.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 2240474248 276 SNECVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLCLCNSCADTLRYQAN-NCPICRLPFRALLQ 326
Cdd:cd16785     4 SDECTICYENAVDTVIYTCGHMCLCYACGLRLKKMLNaCCPICRRAIKDIIK 55

HC subclass of RING (RING-HC) finger and its variants; The RING finger is a specialized type of Zn-finger of 40 to 60 residues that binds two atoms of zinc. It is defined by the "cross-brace" motif that chelates zinc atoms by eight amino acid residues, typically Cys or His, arranged in a characteristic spacing. Canonical RING motifs have been categorized into two major subclasses, RING-HC (C3HC4-type) and RING-H2 (C3H2C3-type), according to their Cys/His content. There are also many variants of RING fingers. Some have a different Cys/His pattern. Some lack a single Cys or His residue at typical Zn ligand positions, especially, the fourth or eighth zinc ligand is prevalently exchanged for an Asp, which can chelate Zn in a RING finger as well. This family corresponds to the HC subclass of RING (RING-HC) fingers that are characterized by containing C3HC4-type canonical RING-HC fingers or noncanonical RING-HC finger variants, including C4C4-, C3HC3D-, C2H2C4-, and C3HC5-type modified RING-HC fingers. The canonical RING-HC finger has been defined as C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)-H-X(2-3)-C-X2-C-X(4-48)-C-X2-C. It binds two Zn ions in a unique "cross-brace" arrangement, which distinguishes it from tandem zinc fingers and other similar motifs. RING-HC fingers can be found in a group of diverse proteins with a variety of cellular functions, including oncogenesis, development, viral replication, signal transduction, the cell cycle, and apoptosis. Many of them are ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s) that serve as scaffolds for binding to ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s, also referred to as ubiquitin carrier proteins or UBCs) in close proximity to substrate proteins, which enables efficient transfer of ubiquitin from E2 to the substrates.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2240474248 278 ECVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLClCNSCADTL-RYQANNCPIC 317
Cdd:cd16449     2 ECPICLERLKDPVLLPCGHVF-CRECIRRLlESGSIKCPIC 41

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Dictyostelium discoideum Cbl-like protein A (CblA) and similar proteins; CblA is a Dictyostelium homolog of the Cbl proteins which are multi-domain proteins acting as key negative regulators of various receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. CblA upregulates STATc tyrosine phosphorylation by downregulating PTP3, the protein tyrosine phosphatase responsible for dephosphorylating STATc. STATc is a signal transducer and activator of transcription protein. Like other Cbl proteins, CblA contains a tyrosine-kinase-binding domain (TKB), a proline-rich domain, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, and an ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain. TKB, also known as a phosphotyrosine binding PTB domain, is composed of a four helix-bundle, a Ca2+ binding EF-hand and a highly variant SH2 domain. This family also includes Drosophila melanogaster defense repressor 1 (Dnr1) that was identified as an inhibitor of Dredd activity in the absence of a microbial insult in Drosophila S2 cells. It inhibits the Drosophila initiator caspases Dredd and Dronc. Moreover, Dnr1 acts as a negative regulator of the Imd (immune deficiency) innate immune-response pathway. Its mutations cause neurodegeneration in Drosophila by activating the innate immune response in the brain. Dnr1 contains a FERM N-terminal domain followed by a region rich in glutamine and serine residues, a central FERM domain, and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 2240474248 275 NSNECVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLCLCNSCADTLRyqanNCPICRLPFRALLQI 327
Cdd:cd16501     4 DADLCVVCMDAPIDTVFLECGHLACCRLCSKRLR----VCPICRQPISRVVRI 52

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 141 (RNF141) and similar proteins; RNF141, also known as zinc finger protein 230 (ZNF230), is a RING finger protein present primarily in the nuclei of spermatogonia, the acrosome, and the tail of spermatozoa. It may have a broad function during early development of vertebrates. It plays an important role in spermatogenesis, including spermatogenic cell proliferation and sperm maturation, as well as motility and fertilization. It also exhibits DNA binding activity. RNF141/ZNF230 gene mutations may be associated with azoospermia. RNF141 contains a C3HC4-type RING finger domain that may function as an activator module in transcription.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 2240474248 277 NECVVCLsDLRDTLILPCRHLcLCNSCADTLRYQANNCPICR 318
Cdd:cd16545     1 EECCICM-DRKADLILPCAHS-YCQKCIDKWSDRHRTCPICR 40

Ring finger; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity is intrinsic to the RING domain of c-Cbl and is likely to be a general function of this domain; Various RING fingers exhibit binding activity towards E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (Ubc' s)

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                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2240474248  279 CVVCLSD-LRDTLILPCRHLcLCNSCADT-LRYQANNCPIC 317
Cdd:smart00184   1 CPICLEEyLKDPVILPCGHT-FCRSCIRKwLESGNNTCPIC 40

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (Equine herpesvirus 1/EHV-1) regulatory protein and similar proteins; EHV-1 regulatory protein belongs to the Vmw110 (IPC0) protein family. It contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and binds zinc stably.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2240474248 277 NECVVCLSDLRD-TLILPCRHLcLCNSCADTLRYQANNCPICRLPFRALL 325
Cdd:cd23130     1 DVCPICLDDPEDeAITLPCLHQ-FCYTCILRWLQTSPTCPLCKTPVTSII 49

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 165 (RNF165) and similar proteins; RNF165, also known as Arkadia-like 2, Arkadia2, or Ark2C, is an E3 ubiquitin ligase with homology to the C-terminal half of RNF111. It is expressed specifically in the nervous system, and can serve to amplify neuronal responses to specific signals. It acts as a positive regulator of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-Smad signaling that is involved in motor neuron (MN) axon elongation. RNF165 contains two serine rich domains, a nuclear localization signal, an NRG-TIER domain, and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger that is responsible for the enhancement of BMP-Smad1/5/8 signaling in the spinal cord.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 2240474248 270 DENSDNSNECVVCLS---DLRDTLILPCRHLcLCNSCADTLRYQANNCPICRLPFRALL 325
Cdd:cd16682     1 GEESDTDEKCTICLSmleDGEDVRRLPCMHL-FHQLCVDQWLAMSKKCPICRVDIETQL 58

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein unkempt (UNK), unkempt-like (UNKL), and similar proteins; UNK, also known as zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 5, is a metazoan-specific zinc finger protein enriched in embryonic brains. It may play a broad regulatory role during the formation of the central nervous system (CNS). It is a sequence-specific RNA-binding protein required for early neuronal morphology. UNK is a neurogenic component of the mTOR pathway, and functions as a negative regulator of the timing of photoreceptor differentiation. It also specifically binds to Brg/Brm-associated factor BAF60b and promotes its ubiquitination in a Rac1-dependent manner. UNKL, also known as zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 5-like, is a putative E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that may participate in a protein complex showing an E3 ligase activity regulated by RAC1. Both UNK and UNKL contain several tandem CCCH-type zinc fingers at the N-terminus, and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger at its C-terminus.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2240474248 278 ECVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLCLCNSCADTlryqANNCPIC 317
Cdd:cd16614     2 KCMKCEERNRSVAVLPCQHYVLCEQCAET----ATECPYC 37

RING finger, HC subclass, found in neuralized-like protein 3 (NEURL3) and similar proteins; NEURL3, also known as lung-inducible neuralized-related C3HC4 RING domain protein (LINCR), is a novel inflammation-induced E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase encoded by LINCR, a glucocorticoid-attenuated response gene induced in the lung during endotoxemia. It is expressed in alveolar epithelial type II cells, preferentially interacts with the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH6, and generates polyubiquitin chains linked via non-canonical lysine residues. Overexpression of NEURL3 in the developing lung epithelium inhibits distal differentiation and induces cystic changes in the Notch signaling pathway. NEURL3 contains an N-terminal neuralized homology repeat (NHR) domain similar to the SPRY (SPla and the RYanodine receptor) domain and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2240474248 278 ECVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLCLCNSCADTLRYQANNCPICR 318
Cdd:cd16552     3 ECAICFHHTANTRLVPCGHSHFCGSCAWHIFRDTARCPVCR 43

RING finger, HC subclass, found in caspases-8 and -10-associated RING finger protein CARP-1, CARP-2 and similar proteins; The CARP subfamily includes CARP-1 and CARP-2 proteins, both of which are E3 ubiquitin ligases that ubiquitinate apical caspases and target them for proteasome-mediated degradation. As a novel group of caspase regulators with a FYVE-type zinc finger domain, they do not localize to membranes in the cell and are involved in the negative regulation of apoptosis, specifically targeting two initiator caspases, caspase 8, and caspase 10. Moreover, they stabilize MDM2 by inhibiting MDM2 self-ubiquitination, as well as by targeting 14-3-3sigma for degradation. They work together with MDM2 to enhance p53 degradation, thereby inhibiting p53-mediated cell death. CARPs contain an N-terminal FYVE-like domain that can serve as a membrane-targeting or endosome localizing signal and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger domain.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2240474248 279 CVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLCLCNSCADTLryqaNNCPICR 318
Cdd:cd16500     3 CKICMDAAIDCVLLECGHMVTCTDCGKKL----SECPICR 38

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger and SPRY domain-containing protein 1 (RSPRY1) and similar proteins; RSPRY1 is a hypothetical RING and SPRY domain-containing protein of unknown physiological function. Mutations in its corresponding gene RSPRY1 may associate with a distinct skeletal dysplasia syndrome. RSPRY1 contains a B30.2/SPRY domain and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2240474248 277 NECVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLCLCNSCAdtlrYQANNCPICRLP 320
Cdd:cd16566     3 DSCTLCFDKVADTELRPCGHSGFCMECA----LQLETCPLCRQP 42

Prokaryotic RING finger family 4; RING finger family domain found sporadically in bacteria. The finger is fused to an N-terminal alpha-helical domain, ROT/Trove-like repeats and a C-terminal TerD domain. The architecture suggests a possible role in an RNA-processing complex.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2240474248 279 CVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLcLCNSCADTLRYQAnnCPICR 318
Cdd:pfam14447   1 CVLCGRNGTVHALIPCGHL-VCRDCFDGSDFSA--CPICR 37

Modified RING finger, H2 subclass (C3H2C2D-type), found in zinc finger SWIM domain-containing protein 2 (ZSWIM2) and similar proteins; ZSWIM2, also known as MEKK1-related protein X (MEX) or ZZ-type zinc finger-containing protein 2, is a testis-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase that promotes death receptor-induced apoptosis through Fas, death receptor (DR) 3 and DR4 signaling. ZSWIM2 is self-ubiquitinated and targeted for degradation through the proteasome pathway. It acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, through the E2, Ub-conjugating enzymes UbcH5a, UbcH5c, or UbcH6. ZSWIM2 contains four putative zinc-binding domains including an N-terminal SWIM (SWI2/SNF2 and MuDR) domain critical for its ubiquitination, and two modified RING-H2 fingers separated by a ZZ zinc finger domain, which was required for interaction with UbcH5a and its self-association. This model corresponds to the second RING-H2 finger, which is not a canonical C3H2C3-type, but a modified C3H2C2D-type.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2240474248 278 ECVVCLS--DLRDTL-ILPCRHlCLCNSCADT-LRYQANNCPICRLPF 321
Cdd:cd16486     1 QCRICLKafQLGQHVrTLPCRH-KFHRDCIDNwLLHSRNSCPIDGQVV 47

first RING finger, HC subclass, found in mind bomb 1 (MIB1) and similar proteins; MIB1, also known as DAPK-interacting protein 1 (DIP-1) or zinc finger ZZ type with ankyrin repeat domain protein 2, is a large, multi-domain E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that promotes ubiquitination of the cytoplasmic tails of Notch ligands, and thus plays an essential role in controlling metazoan development by Notch signaling. It is also involved in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB signaling, and has been implicated in innate immunity, neuronal function, genomic stability, and cell death. MIB1 contains an MZM region with two Mib-Herc2 domains flanking a ZZ zinc finger, a REP region including two tandem Mib repeats, an ANK region that spans ankyrin repeats, and a RNG region consisting of three C3HC4-type RING-HC fingers. This model corresponds to the first RING-HC finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 2240474248 277 NECVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLCLCNSCADTLRyqanNCPICR 318
Cdd:cd16724     1 EECMVCSDMKRDTLFGPCGHIATCSLCSPRVK----KCLICK 38

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 146 (RNF146) and similar proteins; RNF146, also known as dactylidin, or iduna, is a cytoplasmic E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is responsible for PARylation-dependent ubiquitination (PARdU). It displays neuroprotective property due to its inhibition of Parthanatos, a PAR dependent cell death, via binding with Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). It also modulates PAR polymerase-1 (PARP-1)-mediated oxidative cell injury in cardiac myocytes. Moreover, RNF146 mediates tankyrase-dependent degradation of axin, thereby positively regulating Wnt signaling. It also facilitates DNA repair and protects against cell death induced by DNA damaging agents or gamma-irradiation by translocating to the nucleus after cellular injury and promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of various nuclear proteins involved in DNA damage repair. Furthermore, RNF146 is implicated in neurodegenerative disease and cancer development. It regulates the development and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by enhancing cell growth, invasion, and survival. RNF146 contains an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger followed by a WWE domain with a poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) binding motif at the tail.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2240474248 278 ECVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLcLCNSCADTLRYQANNCPICRLPF 321
Cdd:cd16546     2 ECPICLQTCIHPVKLPCGHI-FCYLCVKGVAWQSKRCALCRQEI 44

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1 (AtBARD1) and similar proteins; AtBARD1, also called protein REPRESSOR OF WUSCHEL 1, binds specifically to H3K4me3 regions of target gene (e.g. WUS and WOX5) promoters to repress their transcription via chromatin remodeling. It is required for the shoot apical meristem (SAM) organization and maintenance, by confining WUS expression to the organizing center, and for the quiescent center (QC) development in the root apical meristem (RAM), by repressing WOX5 expression in the root proximal meristem. AtBARD1 plays a role in DNA repair and in cell-cycle control. It is required for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), both natural and induced by genotoxic stress, by homologous recombination (HR). AtBARD1 contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 2240474248 279 CVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLcLCNSCADTLRYQANNCPICRLPF 321
Cdd:cd23146     7 CPICLKLLNRPVLLPCDHI-FCSSCITDSTKVGSDCPVCKLPY 48

RING finger, HC subclass, found in yeast Bre1 and its homologs from eukaryotes; Bre1 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that catalyzes monoubiquitination of histone H2B in concert with the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, Rad6. The Rad6-Bre1-mediated histone H2B ubiquitylation modulates the formation of double-strand breaks (DSBs) during meiosis in yeast. it is also required, indirectly, for the methylation of histone 3 on lysine 4 (H3K4) and 79. RNF20, also known as BRE1A and RNF40, also known as BRE1B, are the mammalian homologs of Bre1. They work together to form a heterodimeric Bre1 complex that facilitate the K120 monoubiquitination of histone H2B (H2Bub1), a DNA damage-induced histone modification that is crucial for recruitment of the chromatin remodeler SNF2h to DNA double-strand break (DSB) damage sites. Moreover, the Bre1 complex acts as a tumor suppressor, augmenting expression of select tumor suppressor genes and suppressing select oncogenes. Deficiency in the mammalian histone H2B ubiquitin ligase Bre1 leads to replication stress and chromosomal instability. All subfamily members contain a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger at its C-terminus.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2240474248 279 CVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHlCLCNSCADTlRYQANN--CPICRLPF 321
Cdd:cd16499     9 CSVCNDRFKDVIITKCGH-VFCNECVQK-RLETRQrkCPGCGKAF 51

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana RING-H2 finger A1a (RHA1A), A1b (RHA1B) and similar proteins; This subfamily includes Arabidopsis thaliana RHA1A, RHA1B and XERICO. RHA1A is a probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that may possess E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro. RHA1B possesses E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity when associated with the E2 enzyme UBC8 in vitro. XERICO functions on abscisic acid homeostasis at post-translational level, probably through ubiquitin/proteasome-dependent substrate-specific degradation. Members of this subfamily contain a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2240474248 277 NECVVCLSDLRDTLILP----CRHLcLCNSCADT-LRYQANNCPICRLPF 321
Cdd:cd23121     2 DCCAICLSDFNSDEKLRqlpkCGHI-FHHHCLDRwIRYNKITCPLCRADL 50

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein TRIM65 and similar proteins; TRIM65 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with the innate immune receptor MDA5, enhancing its ability to stimulate interferon-beta signaling. It functions as a potential oncogenic protein that negatively regulates p53 through ubiquitination, providing insight into the development of novel approaches targeting TRIM65 for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) treatment, and also overcoming chemotherapy resistance. Moreover, TRIM65 negatively regulates microRNA-driven suppression of mRNA translation by targeting TNRC6 proteins for ubiquitination and degradation. TRIM65 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2240474248 279 CVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHlCLCNSC-------ADTLRYQannCPICRLPFR 322
Cdd:cd16609     6 CSICLGLYQDPVTLPCQH-SFCRACiedhwrqKDEGSFS---CPECRAPFP 52

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 111 (RNF111) and similar proteins; RNF111, also known as Arkadia, is a nuclear E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that targets intracellular effectors and modulators of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)/Nodal-related signaling for polyubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation. It acts as an amplifier of Nodal signals, and enhances the dorsalizing activity of limiting amounts of Xnr1, a Nodal homolog, and requires Nodal signaling for its function. The loss of RNF111 results in early embryonic lethality, with defects attributed to compromised Nodal signaling. RNF111 also regulates tumor metastasis by modulation of the TGF-beta pathway. Its ubiquitination can be modulated by the four and a half LIM-only protein 2 (FHL2) that activates TGF-beta signal transduction. Furthermore, RNF111 interacts with the clathrin-adaptor 2 (AP2) complex and regulates endocytosis of certain cell surface receptors, leading to modulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and possibly other signaling pathways. In addition, RNF111 has been identified as a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-binding protein with clustered SUMO-interacting motifs (SIMs) that together form a SUMO-binding domain (SBD). It thus functions as a SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase (STUbL) that directly links nonproteolytic ubiquitylation and SUMOylation in the DNA damage response, as well as triggers degradation of signal-induced polysumoylated proteins, such as the promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML). The N-terminal half of RNF111 harbors three SIMs. Its C-terminal half show high sequence similarity with RING finger protein 165 (RNF165), where it contains two serine rich domains, two nuclear localization signals, an NRG-TIER domain, and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger that is required for polyubiqutination and proteasome-dependent degradation of phosphorylated forms of Smad2/3 and three major negative regulators of TGF-beta signaling, Smad7, SnoN and c-Ski.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2240474248 269 DDENSDNSNECVVCLSDLR---DTLILPCRHLcLCNSCADTLRYQANNCPICRLPFRALL 325
Cdd:cd16681     3 EGTEEDTEEKCTICLSILEegeDVRRLPCMHL-FHQVCVDQWLITNKKCPICRVDIEAQL 61

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein TRIM25 and similar proteins; TRIM25, also known as estrogen-responsive finger protein (EFP), RING finger protein 147 (RNF147), or RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase, is an E3 ubiquitin/ISG15 ligase that is induced by estrogen and is therefore particularly abundant in placenta and uterus. TRIM25 regulates various cellular processes through E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, transferring ubiquitin and ISG15 to target proteins. It mediates K63-linked polyubiquitination of retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) that is crucial for downstream antiviral interferon signaling. It is also required for melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS, also known as IPS-1, VISA, Cardiff) mediated activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and interferon production. Upon UV irradiation, TRIM25 interacts with mono-ubiquitinated PCNA and promotes its ISG15 modification (ISGylation), suggesting a crucial role in termination of error-prone translesion DNA synthesis. TRIM25 also functions as a novel regulator of p53 and Mdm2. It enhances p53 and Mdm2 abundance by inhibiting their ubiquitination and degradation in 26S proteasomes. Meanwhile, it inhibits p53's transcriptional activity and dampens the response to DNA damage, and is essential for medaka development and this dependence is rescued by silencing of p53. Moreover, TRIM25 is involved in the host cellular innate immune response against retroviral infection. It interferes with the late stage of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) replication. Furthermore, TRIM25 acts as an oncogene in gastric cancer. Its blockade by RNA interference inhibits migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells through transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling, suggesting it presents a novel target for the detection and treatment of gastric cancer. In addition, TRIM25 acts as an RNA-specific activator for Lin28a/TuT4-mediated uridylation. TRIM25 belongs to the C-IV subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2240474248 279 CVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRH----LCLCNSCaDTLRYQANNCPICRLPFRALLQIR 328
Cdd:cd16597     8 CSICLELFKDPVTLPCGHnfcgVCIEKTW-DSQHGSEYSCPQCRATFPRRPELH 60

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae increased recombination centers protein 20 (IRC20) and similar proteins; IRC20 is an uncharacterized ATP-dependent helicase that is probably involved in a pathway contributing to genomic integrity. IRC20 contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2240474248 279 CVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLcLCNSCADTLRYQANNCPICR 318
Cdd:cd23135     6 CSICFSEIRSGAILKCGHF-FCLSCIASWLREKSTCPLCK 44

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (Cbl) proteins; The Cbl adaptor protein family contains a small class of RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligases with oncogenic activity, which is represented by three mammalian members, c-Cbl, Cbl-b and Cbl-c, as well as two invertebrate Cbl-family proteins, D-Cbl in Drosophila and Sli-1 in C. elegans. Cbl proteins function as potent negative regulators of various signaling cascades in a wide range of cell types. They play roles in ubiquitinating activated tyrosine kinases and targeting them for degradation. D-Cbl associates with the Drosophila epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and overexpression of D-Cbl in the eye of Drosophila embryos inhibits EGFR-dependent photoreceptor cell development. Sli-1 is a negative regulator of the Let-23 receptor tyrosine kinase, an EGFR homolog, in vulva development. Cbl proteins in this subfamily consist of a highly conserved N-terminal half that includes a tyrosine-kinase-binding domain (TKB, also known as the phosphotyrosine binding PTB domain, composed of a four helix-bundle, a Ca2+ binding EF-hand and a highly variant SH2 domain) and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, both of which are required for Cbl-mediated downregulation of RTKs, and a divergent C-terminal region.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 2240474248 279 CVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLcLCNSCadTLRYQ---ANNCPICR 318
Cdd:cd16502     4 CKICAENDKDVRIEPCGHL-LCTPC--LTSWQdsdGQTCPFCR 43

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana protein BREAST CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 homolog (AtBRCA1) and similar proteins; AtBRCA1 plays a role in DNA repair and in cell-cycle control. It is required for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), both natural and induced by genotoxic stress, by homologous recombination (HR). AtBRCA1 contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2240474248 279 CVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHlCLCNSCADTLRYQANNCPICRLPFRA 323
Cdd:cd23147     7 CPICLSLFKSAANLSCNH-CFCAGCIGESLKLSAICPVCKIPATR 50

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 47 (TRIM47) and similar proteins; TRIM47, also known as gene overexpressed in astrocytoma protein (GOA) or RING finger protein 100 (RNF100), belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a B-box, and two coiled coil domains, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. It plays an important role in the process of dedifferentiation that is associated with astrocytoma tumorigenesis. This subfamily also includes RING finger protein 135 (RNF135). RNF135, also known as RIG-I E3 ubiquitin ligase (REUL) or Riplet, is a widely expressed E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that consists of an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and C-terminal B30.2/SPRY and PRY motifs, but lacks the B-box and coiled-coil domains that are also typically present in TRIM proteins. RNF135 serves as a specific retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-interacting protein that ubiquitinates RIG-I and specifically stimulates RIG-I-mediated innate antiviral activity to produce antiviral type-I interferon (IFN) during the early phase of viral infection. It also has been identified as a bio-marker and therapy target of glioblastoma. It associates with the ERK signal transduction pathway and plays a role in glioblastoma cell proliferation, migration and cell cycle.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2240474248 279 CVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHlCLCNSCA----DTLRYQANNCPICRLPFR 322
Cdd:cd16604     3 CPICLDLLKDPVTLPCGH-SFCMGCLgalwGAGRGGRASCPLCRQTFP 49

RING finger, HC subclass, found in caspases-8 and -10-associated RING finger protein 2 (CARP-2) and similar proteins; CARP-2, also known as rififylin, caspase regulator CARP2, FYVE-RING finger protein Sakura (Fring), RING finger and FYVE-like domain-containing protein 1, RING finger protein 189 (RNF189), or RING finger protein 34-like, is an endosome-associated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that targets internalized receptor interacting kinase (RIP) for proteasome-mediated degradation. It acts as a negative regulator of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation. It also regulates the p53 signaling pathway by degrading 14-3-3sigma and stabilizing MDM2. As a caspase regulator, CARP2 does not localize to membranes in the cell and is involved in the negative regulation of apoptosis, specifically targeting two initiator caspases, caspase 8 and caspase 10. CARP2 contains an N-terminal FYVE-like domain and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger domain.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2240474248 275 NSNECVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLCLCNSCADTLryqaNNCPICR 318
Cdd:cd16707     1 DENLCKICMDSPIDCVLLECGHMVTCTKCGKRM----SECPICR 40

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein unkempt-like (UNKL) and similar proteins; UNKL, also known as zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 5-like, is a putative E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that may participate in a protein complex showing an E3 ligase activity regulated by RAC1. It shows high sequence similarity with RING finger protein unkempt (UNK), which is a metazoan-specific zinc finger protein enriched in embryonic brains, and may play a broad regulatory role during the formation of the central nervous system (CNS). UNKL contains several CCCH-type zinc fingers at the N-terminus, and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger at its C-terminus.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2240474248 278 ECVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLCLCNSCADTlryqANNCPICR 318
Cdd:cd16772     2 KCIVCQERDRSIVLQPCQHYVLCEHCAAS----KPECPYCK 38

RING finger, HC subclass, found in myosin regulatory light chain interacting protein (MYLIP) and similar proteins; MYLIP, also known as inducible degrader of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor (IDOL), or MIR, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC), LDLR, VLDLR, and LRP8. Its activity depends on E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes of the UBE2D family. MYLIP stimulates clathrin-independent endocytosis and acts as a sterol-dependent inhibitor of cellular cholesterol uptake by binding directly to the cytoplasmic tail of the LDLR and promoting its ubiquitination via the UBE2D1/E1 complex. The ubiquitinated LDLR then enters the multivesicular body (MVB) protein-sorting pathway and is shuttled to the lysosome for degradation. Moreover, MYLIP has been identified as a novel ERM-like protein that affects cytoskeleton interactions regulating cell motility, such as neurite outgrowth. The ERM proteins includes ezrin, radixin, and moesin, which are cytoskeletal effector proteins linking actin to membrane-bound proteins at the cell surface. MYLIP contains an ERM-homology domain and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2240474248 279 CVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLCLCNSCADtlryQANNCPICR 318
Cdd:cd16523     5 CMVCCEEEINSAFCPCGHMVCCESCAA----QLQSCPVCR 40

Uncharacterized conserved protein, contains RING Zn-finger [General function prediction only];

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 2240474248 260 KNNQETKP------SDDENSDNSNeCVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLcLCNSCADTLR--YQANNCPICR 318
Cdd:COG5236    40 KNNLSAEPnlttssADDTDEENMN-CQICAGSTTYSARYPCGHQ-ICHACAVRLRalYMQKGCPLCR 104

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger proteins RNF38, RNF44, and similar proteins; This subfamily includes RING finger proteins RNF38, RNF44, and similar proteins. RNF38 is a nuclear E3 ubiquitin protein ligase that plays a role in regulating p53. RNF44 is an uncharacterized RING finger protein that shows high sequence similarity to RNF38. Both RNF38 and RNF44 contain a coiled-coil motif, a KIL motif (Lys-X2-Ile/Leu-X2-Ile/Leu, X can be any amino acid), and a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger. In addition, RNF38 harbors two potential nuclear localization signals.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 2240474248 275 NSNECVVCLSDL--RDTL-ILPCRHLcLCNSCADtlRYQANN--CPICR 318
Cdd:cd16472     1 DQTQCVVCMCDYekRQLLrVLPCSHE-FHAKCID--KWLKTNrtCPICR 46

RING finger, HC subclass, found in topoisomerase I-binding arginine/serine-rich protein (Topors) and similar proteins; Topors, also known as topoisomerase I-binding RING finger protein, tumor suppressor p53- binding protein 3, or p53-binding protein 3 (p53BP3), is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that can ligate both ubiquitin and small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) to substrate proteins in the nucleus. It contains an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger which ligates ubiquitin to its target proteins including DNA topoisomerase I, p53, NKX3.1, H2AX, and the AAV-2 Rep78/68 proteins. As a RING-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase, Topors works with the E2 enzymes UbcH5a, UbcH5c, and UbcH6, but not with UbcH7, CDC34, or UbcH2b. Topors acts as a tumor suppressor in various malignancies. It regulates p53 modification, suggesting it may be responsible for astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1, also known as metadherin, or LYRIC) ubiquitin modification. Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of Topors inhibits Topors-mediated sumoylation of p53, whereas p53 ubiquitination is enhanced, leading to p53 degradation. It also functions as a negative regulator of the prostate tumor suppressor NKX3.1. Moreover, Topors is associated with promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies, and may be involved in the cellular response to camptothecin. It also plays a key role in the turnover of H2AX protein, discriminating the type of DNA damaging stress. Furthermore, Topors is a cilia-centrosomal protein associated with autosomal dominant retinal degeneration. Mutations in TOPORS cause autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP).

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 2240474248 277 NECVVCLSDLRD--TLILPCRHLcLCNSCADTLRYQANNCPICRLPF 321
Cdd:cd16574     2 SSCPICLDRFENekAFLDGCFHA-FCFTCILEWSKVKNECPLCKQPF 47

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 77 (TRIM77) and similar proteins; TRIM77 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including two consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and Bbox2, as well as a SPRY/B30.2 domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2240474248 279 CVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHlCLCNSCADTL--RYQANN-CPICRLPF 321
Cdd:cd16543     6 CSICLDLLKDPVTIPCGH-SFCMNCITLLwdRKQGVPsCPQCRESF 50

RING finger, HC subclass, found in two RING fingers and DRIL [double RING finger linked] 1 (TRIAD1); TRIAD1, also known as ariadne-2 (ARI-2), protein ariadne-2 homolog, Ariadne RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (ARIH2), or UbcM4-interacting protein 48, is an RBR-type E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that catalyzes the formation of polyubiquitin chains linked via lysine-48, as well as lysine-63 residues. Its auto-ubiquitylation can be catalyzed by the E2 conjugating enzyme UBCH7. TRIAD1 has been implicated in hematopoiesis, specifically in myelopoiesis, as well as in embryogenesis. It functions as a regulator of endosomal transport and is required for the proper function of multivesicular bodies. It also acts as a novel ubiquitination target for proteasome-dependent degradation by murine double minute 2 (MDM2). As a proapoptotic protein, TRIAD1 promotes p53 activation, and inhibits MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination and degradation. Furthermore, TRIAD1 can inhibit the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of growth factor independence 1 (Gfi1), a transcriptional repressor essential for the function and development of many different hematopoietic lineages. TRIAD1 contains an RBR domain that was previously known as RING-BetweenRING-RING domain or TRIAD [two RING fingers and a DRIL (double RING finger linked)] domain. Based on current understanding of the structural biology of RBR ligases, the nomenclature of RBR has been corrected as RING-BRcat (benign-catalytic)-Rcat (required-for-catalysis) recently. The RBR (RING1-BRcat-Rcat) domain uses an auto-inhibitory mechanism to modulate ubiquitination activity, as well as a hybrid mechanism that combines aspects from both RING and HECT E3 ligase function to facilitate the ubiquitination reaction. This model corresponds to the RING domain, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger required for RBR-mediated ubiquitination.

                          10        20
                  ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2240474248 278 ECVVCLSDLR--DTLILPCRHlCLCNSC 303
Cdd:cd16773     2 TCGVCCEDVPkdELFSLACGH-YFCNDC 28

RING finger, HC subclass, found in really interesting new gene proteins RING1, RING2 and similar proteins; RING1, also known as polycomb complex protein RING1, RING finger protein 1 (RNF1), or RING finger protein 1A (RING1A), is a transcriptional repressor that is associated with the Polycomb group (PcG) protein complex involved in stable repression of gene activity. RING2, also known as huntingtin-interacting protein 2-interacting protein 3, HIP2-interacting protein 3, protein DinG, RING finger protein 1B (RING1B), RING finger protein 2 (RNF2), or RING finger protein BAP-1, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with both nucleosomal DNA and an acidic patch on histone H4 to achieve the specific monoubiquitination of K119 on histone H2A (H2AK119ub), thereby playing a central role in histone code and gene regulation. Both RING1 and RING2 are core components of polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) that functions as an E3-ubuiquitin ligase transferring the mono-ubuiquitin mark to the C-terminal tail of Histone H2A at K118/K119. PRC1 is also capable of chromatin compaction, a function not requiring histone tails, and this activity appears important in gene silencing. RING2 acts as the main E3 ubiquitin ligase on histone H2A of the PRC1 complex, while RING1 may rather act as a modulator of RNF2/RING2 activity. Members of this family contain a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

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gi 2240474248 279 CVVCLSDLRDTL-ILPCRHLcLCNSCADT-LRYQANNCPICRLPfraLLQIRAVRKKP 334
Cdd:cd16531     4 CPICLGIIKNTMtVKECLHR-FCAECIEKaLRLGNKECPTCRKH---LPSRRSLRPDP 57

RING finger, HC subclass, found in promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) and similar proteins; Protein PML, also known as RING finger protein 71 (RNF71) or tripartite motif-containing protein 19 (TRIM19), is predominantly a nuclear protein with a broad intrinsic antiviral activity. It is the eponymous component of PML nuclear bodies (PML NBs) and has been implicated in a wide variety of cell processes, including DNA damage signaling, apoptosis, and transcription. PML interferes with the replication of many unrelated viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), human foamy virus (HFV), poliovirus, influenza virus, rabies virus, EMCV, adeno-associated virus (AAV), and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). It also selectively interacts with misfolded proteins through distinct substrate recognition sites and conjugates these proteins with the small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) through its SUMO ligase activity. PML belongs to the C-V subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by an N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domain, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as an uncharacterized region positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

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gi 2240474248 279 CVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHlCLCNSCADTLRYQANN-----CPICRLP 320
Cdd:cd16579     7 CPGCKAEYKCPKLLPCLH-TVCSGCLEALAEQASEttefqCPICKAS 52

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 44 (RNF44) and similar proteins; RNF44 is an uncharacterized RING finger protein that shows high sequence similarity with RNF38, which is a nuclear E3 ubiquitin protein ligase that plays a role in regulating p53. RNF44 contains a coiled-coil motif, a KIL motif (Lys-X2-Ile/Leu-X2-Ile/Leu, X can be any amino acid), and a C3H2C2-type RING-H2 finger.

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gi 2240474248 270 DENSDNSNECVVCLSDL--RDTL-ILPCRHLcLCNSCADTLRYQANNCPICR 318
Cdd:cd16680     1 ENHQSEQTLCVVCFSDFesRQLLrVLPCNHE-FHTKCVDKWLKTNRTCPICR 51

Variant RING finger, HC subclass (C4C4-type), found in retinoblastoma-binding protein 6 (RBBP6) and similar proteins; RBBP6, also known as proliferation potential-related protein, protein P2P-R, retinoblastoma-binding Q protein 1 (RBQ-1), or p53-associated cellular protein of testis (PACT), is a nuclear E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in multiple processes, such as the control of gene expression, mitosis, cell differentiation, and cell apoptosis. It plays a role in both promoting and inhibiting apoptosis in many human cancers, including esophageal, lung, hepatocellular, and colon cancers, familial myeloproliferative neoplasms, as well as in human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). It functions as an Rb- and p53-binding protein that plays an important role in chaperone-mediated ubiquitination and possibly in protein quality control. It acts as a scaffold protein to promote the assembly of the p53/TP53-MDM2 complex, resulting in an increase of MDM2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of p53/TP53, and leading to both apoptosis and cell growth. It is also a double-stranded RNA-binding protein that plays a role in mRNA processing by regulating the human polyadenylation machinery and modulating expression of mRNAs with AU-rich 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). Moreover, RBBP6 ubiquitinates and destabilizes the transcriptional repressor ZBTB38 that negatively regulates transcription and levels of the MCM10 replication factor on chromatin. Furthermore, RBBP6 is involved in tunicamycin-induced apoptosis by mediating protein kinase (PKR) activation. RBBP6 contains an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain and a C4C4-type RING finger, whose overall folding is similar to that of the typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. RBBP6 interacts with chaperones Hsp70 and Hsp40 through its N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain. It promotes the ubiquitination of p53 by Hdm2 in an E4-like manner through its RING finger. It also interacts directly with the pro-proliferative transcription factor Y-box-binding protein-1 (YB-1) via its RING finger.

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gi 2240474248 279 CVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHLCLCNSCADT-LRYQANNCPICR 318
Cdd:cd16620     6 CPICKDLMKDAVLTPCCGNSFCDECIRTaLLEEDFTCPTCK 46

H2 subclass of RING (RING-H2) fingers and its variants; The RING finger is a specialized type of Zn-finger of 40 to 60 residues that binds two atoms of zinc. It is defined by the "cross-brace" motif that chelates zinc atoms by eight amino acid residues, typically Cys or His, arranged in a characteristic spacing. Canonical RING motifs have been categorized into two major subclasses, RING-HC (C3HC4-type) and RING-H2 (C3H2C3-type), according to their Cys/His content. There are also many variants of RING fingers: some have different Cys/His patterns while some lack a single Cys or His residue at typical Zn ligand positions (the fourth or eighth zinc ligand is prevalently exchanged for an Asp, which can indeed chelate Zn in a RING finger as well). This family corresponds to the H2 subclass of RING (RING-H2) finger proteins that are characterized by containing C3H2C3-type canonical RING-H2 fingers or noncanonical RING-H2 finger variants, including C4HC3- (RING-CH alias RINGv), C3H3C2-, C3H2C2D-, C3DHC3-, and C4HC2H-type modified RING-H2 fingers. The canonical RING-H2 finger has been defined as C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)-H-X(2-3)-H-X2-C-X(4-48)-C-X2-C, X is any amino acid and the number of X residues varies in different fingers. It binds two Zn ions in a unique "cross-brace" arrangement, which distinguishes it from tandem zinc fingers and other similar motifs. RING-H2 finger can be found in a group of diverse proteins with a variety of cellular functions, including oncogenesis, development, viral replication, signal transduction, the cell cycle and apoptosis. Many of them are ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s) that serves as a scaffold for binding to ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s, also referred to as ubiquitin carrier proteins or UBCs) in close proximity to substrate proteins, which enables efficient transfer of ubiquitin from E2 to the substrates.

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gi 2240474248 279 CVVCLSDLRD---TLILPCRHL----CLcNSCadtLRYQANNCPICR 318
Cdd:cd16448     1 CVICLEEFEEgdvVRLLPCGHVfhlaCI-LRW---LESGNNTCPLCR 43

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 40 (TRIM40) and similar proteins; TRIM40, also known as probable E3 NEDD8-protein ligase or RING finger protein 35 (RNF35), is highly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract including the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. It enhances neddylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappaB kinase subunit gamma (IKKgamma), inhibits the activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-mediated transcription, and thus prevents inflammation-associated carcinogenesis in the gastrointestinal tract. TRIM40 belongs to the C-V subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by an N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domain, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as an uncharacterized region positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

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gi 2240474248 272 NSDNSNECVVCLSDLRDTLILPCRHL----CLCNSCADTLRYQANNCPICRLP 320
Cdd:cd16583     1 DSDEEGVCPICQEPLKEAVSTDCGHLfcrmCLTQHAKKASASGVFSCPVCRKP 53

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 130 (RNF130) and similar proteins; RNF130, also known as Goliath homolog (H-Goliath), is a paralog of RNF128, also known as gene related to anergy in lymphocytes protein (GRAIL). It is a transmembrane E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase expressed in leukocytes. It has a self-ubiquitination property, and controls the development of T cell clonal anergy by ubiquitination. RNF130 contains an N-terminal signal peptide, a protease-associated (PA) domain, a transmembrane (TM) domain and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger domain followed by a putative PEST sequence.

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gi 2240474248 277 NECVVCLS--DLRDTL-ILPCRHLcLCNSCADTLRYQANNCPICRL 319
Cdd:cd16803     1 DHCAVCIEgyKQNDVVrILPCKHV-FHKSCVDPWLNEHCTCPMCKL 45