phospholipase D2 isoform X1 [Homo sapiens]
Protein Classification
phospholipase D( domain architecture ID 1002279)
phospholipase D (PLD) catalyzes hydrolysis of the diester bond of phospholipids to generate phosphatidic acid and the free lipid headgroup
List of domain hits
| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | ||||||||||||||
| PLN02866 super family | cl33584 | phospholipase D |
17-798 | 0e+00 | ||||||||||||||
phospholipase D The actual alignment was detected with superfamily member PLN02866: Pssm-ID: 215467 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 1068 Bit Score: 606.38 E-value: 0e+00
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| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | ||||||||||||||
| PLN02866 | PLN02866 | phospholipase D |
17-798 | 0e+00 | ||||||||||||||
phospholipase D Pssm-ID: 215467 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 1068 Bit Score: 606.38 E-value: 0e+00
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| PLDc_vPLD2_2 | cd09845 | Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of vertebrate phospholipase D2; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of ... |
494-675 | 8.15e-128 | ||||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of vertebrate phospholipase D2; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of vertebrate phospholipase D2 (PLD2). PLDs play a pivotal role in transmembrane signaling and cellular regulation. They hydrolyze the terminal phosphodiester bond of phospholipids with the formation of phosphatidic acid and alcohols. Phosphatidic acid is an essential compound involved in signal transduction. They also catalyze a transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols, by which various phospholipids can be synthesized. Vertebrate PLD2 is a membrane associated phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-dependent enzyme that selectively hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine (PC). Protein cofactors and calcium might be required for its activation. Most vertebrate PLDs have adjacent Phox (PX) and the Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains at their N-terminus, which have been shown to mediate membrane targeting of the protein and are closely linked to polyphosphoinositide signaling. Like other members of the PLD superfamily, the monomer of vertebrate PLDs consists of two catalytic domains, each of which contains one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue). Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site. These PLDs utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197303 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 182 Bit Score: 379.61 E-value: 8.15e-128
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| Cls | COG1502 | Phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylglycerophosphate/cardiolipin synthase [Lipid transport and ... |
199-675 | 3.86e-35 | ||||||||||||||
Phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylglycerophosphate/cardiolipin synthase [Lipid transport and metabolism]; Phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylglycerophosphate/cardiolipin synthase is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Phospholipid biosynthesis Pssm-ID: 441111 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 367 Bit Score: 137.38 E-value: 3.86e-35
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| PLDc_2 | pfam13091 | PLD-like domain; |
506-675 | 2.13e-09 | ||||||||||||||
PLD-like domain; Pssm-ID: 463784 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 132 Bit Score: 56.15 E-value: 2.13e-09
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| PLDc | smart00155 | Phospholipase D. Active site motifs; Phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D (PLD) ... |
632-658 | 2.70e-06 | ||||||||||||||
Phospholipase D. Active site motifs; Phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D (PLD) isoforms are activated by ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs). PLD produces phosphatidic acid from phosphatidylcholine, which may be essential for the formation of certain types of transport vesicles or may be constitutive vesicular transport to signal transduction pathways. PC-hydrolysing PLD is a homologue of cardiolipin synthase, phosphatidylserine synthase, bacterial PLDs, and viral proteins. Each of these appears to possess a domain duplication which is apparent by the presence of two motifs containing well-conserved histidine, lysine, aspartic acid, and/or asparagine residues which may contribute to the active site. An E. coli endonuclease (nuc) and similar proteins appear to be PLD homologues but possess only one of these motifs. The profile contained here represents only the putative active site regions, since an accurate multiple alignment of the repeat units has not been achieved. Pssm-ID: 197546 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 28 Bit Score: 44.30 E-value: 2.70e-06
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| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | ||||||||||||||
| PLN02866 | PLN02866 | phospholipase D |
17-798 | 0e+00 | ||||||||||||||
phospholipase D Pssm-ID: 215467 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 1068 Bit Score: 606.38 E-value: 0e+00
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| PLDc_vPLD2_2 | cd09845 | Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of vertebrate phospholipase D2; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of ... |
494-675 | 8.15e-128 | ||||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of vertebrate phospholipase D2; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of vertebrate phospholipase D2 (PLD2). PLDs play a pivotal role in transmembrane signaling and cellular regulation. They hydrolyze the terminal phosphodiester bond of phospholipids with the formation of phosphatidic acid and alcohols. Phosphatidic acid is an essential compound involved in signal transduction. They also catalyze a transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols, by which various phospholipids can be synthesized. Vertebrate PLD2 is a membrane associated phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-dependent enzyme that selectively hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine (PC). Protein cofactors and calcium might be required for its activation. Most vertebrate PLDs have adjacent Phox (PX) and the Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains at their N-terminus, which have been shown to mediate membrane targeting of the protein and are closely linked to polyphosphoinositide signaling. Like other members of the PLD superfamily, the monomer of vertebrate PLDs consists of two catalytic domains, each of which contains one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue). Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site. These PLDs utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197303 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 182 Bit Score: 379.61 E-value: 8.15e-128
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| PLDc_vPLD1_2_yPLD_like_2 | cd09141 | Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of vertebrate phospholipases, PLD1 and PLD2, yeast PLDs, and ... |
494-675 | 3.46e-111 | ||||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of vertebrate phospholipases, PLD1 and PLD2, yeast PLDs, and similar proteins; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of vertebrate phospholipases D (PLD1 and PLD2), yeast phospholipase D (PLD SPO14/PLD1), and other similar eukaryotic proteins. These PLD enzymes play a pivotal role in transmembrane signaling and cellular regulation. They hydrolyze the terminal phosphodiester bond of phospholipids resulting in the formation of phosphatidic acid and alcohols. Phosphatidic acid is an essential compound involved in signal transduction. PLDs also catalyze the transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols, by which various phospholipids can be synthesized. The vertebrate PLD1 and PLD2 are membrane associated phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-dependent enzymes that selectively hydrolyze phosphatidylcholine (PC). Protein cofactors and calcium may be required for their activation. Yeast SPO14/PLD1 is a calcium-independent PLD, which needs PIP2 for its activity. Instead of the regulatory calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding C2 domain in plants, most mammalian and yeast PLDs have adjacent Phox (PX) and the Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains at the N-terminus, which have been shown to mediate membrane targeting of the protein and are closely linked to polyphosphoinositide signaling. The PX and PH domains are also present in zeta-type PLD from Arabidopsis, which is more closely related to vertebrate PLDs than to other plant PLD types. In addition, this subfamily also includes some related proteins which have either PX-like or PH domains in their N-termini. Like other members of the PLD superfamily, the monomer of mammalian and yeast PLDs consists of two catalytic domains, each containing one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue). Two HKD motifs from the two domains form a single active site. These PLDs utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197239 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 183 Bit Score: 336.45 E-value: 3.46e-111
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| PLDc_vPLD2_1 | cd09843 | Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of vertebrate phospholipase D2; Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of ... |
215-355 | 2.08e-97 | ||||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of vertebrate phospholipase D2; Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of vertebrate phospholipase D2 (PLD2). PLDs play a pivotal role in transmembrane signaling and cellular regulation. They hydrolyze the terminal phosphodiester bond of phospholipids with the formation of phosphatidic acid and alcohols. Phosphatidic acid is an essential compound involved in signal transduction. They also catalyze a transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols, by which various phospholipids can be synthesized. Vertebrate PLD2 is a membrane associated phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-dependent enzyme that selectively hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine (PC). Protein cofactors and calcium might be required for its activation. Most vertebrate PLDs have adjacent Phox (PX) and the Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains at their N-terminus, which have been shown to mediate membrane targeting of the protein and are closely linked to polyphosphoinositide signaling. Like other members of the PLD superfamily, the monomer of vertebrate PLDs consists of two catalytic domains, each of which contains one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue). Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site. These PLDs utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197301 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 145 Bit Score: 299.22 E-value: 2.08e-97
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| PLDc_vPLD1_2 | cd09844 | Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of vertebrate phospholipase D1; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of ... |
499-675 | 2.58e-94 | ||||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of vertebrate phospholipase D1; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of vertebrate phospholipase D1 (PLD1). PLDs play a pivotal role in transmembrane signaling and cellular regulation. They hydrolyze the terminal phosphodiester bond of phospholipids resulting in the formation of phosphatidic acid and alcohols. Phosphatidic acid is an essential compound involved in signal transduction. PLDs also catalyze the transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols, by which various phospholipids can be synthesized. Vertebrate PLD1 is a membrane associated phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-dependent enzyme that selectively hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine (PC). Protein cofactors and calcium might be required for its activation. Most vertebrate PLDs have adjacent Phox (PX) and the Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains at their N-terminus, which have been shown to mediate membrane targeting of the protein and are closely linked to polyphosphoinositide signaling. Like other members of the PLD superfamily, the monomer of vertebrate PLDs consists of two catalytic domains, each of which contains one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue). Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site. These PLDs utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197302 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 182 Bit Score: 292.61 E-value: 2.58e-94
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| PLDc_vPLD1_2_yPLD_like_1 | cd09138 | Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of vertebrate phospholipases, PLD1 and PLD2, yeast PLDs, and ... |
215-355 | 2.70e-86 | ||||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of vertebrate phospholipases, PLD1 and PLD2, yeast PLDs, and similar proteins; Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of vertebrate phospholipases D (PLD1 and PLD2), yeast phospholipase D (PLD SPO14/PLD1), and other similar eukaryotic proteins. These PLD enzymes play a pivotal role in transmembrane signaling and cellular regulation. They hydrolyze the terminal phosphodiester bond of phospholipids resulting in the formation of phosphatidic acid and alcohols. Phosphatidic acid is an essential compound involved in signal transduction. PLDs also catalyze the transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols, by which various phospholipids can be synthesized. The vertebrate PLD1 and PLD2 are membrane associated phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-dependent enzymes that selectively hydrolyze phosphatidylcholine (PC). Protein cofactors and calcium may be required for their activation. Yeast SPO14/PLD1 is a calcium-independent PLD, which needs PIP2 for its activity. Instead of the regulatory calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding C2 domain in plants, most mammalian and yeast PLDs have adjacent Phox (PX) and the Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains at the N-terminus, which have been shown to mediate membrane targeting of the protein and are closely linked to polyphosphoinositide signaling. The PX and PH domains are also present in zeta-type PLD from Arabidopsis, which is more closely related to vertebrate PLDs than to other plant PLD types. In addition, this subfamily also includes some related proteins which have either PX-like or PH domains in their N-termini. Like other members of the PLD superfamily, the monomer of mammalian and yeast PLDs consists of two catalytic domains, each containing one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue). Two HKD motifs from the two domains form a single active site. These PLDs utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197236 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 146 Bit Score: 270.20 E-value: 2.70e-86
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| PLDc_vPLD1_1 | cd09842 | Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of vertebrate phospholipase D1; Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of ... |
215-356 | 3.44e-71 | ||||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of vertebrate phospholipase D1; Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of vertebrate phospholipase D1 (PLD1). PLDs play a pivotal role in transmembrane signaling and cellular regulation. They hydrolyze the terminal phosphodiester bond of phospholipids resulting in the formation of phosphatidic acid and alcohols. Phosphatidic acid is an essential compound involved in signal transduction. PLDs also catalyze the transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols, by which various phospholipids can be synthesized. Vertebrate PLD1 is a membrane associated phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-dependent enzyme that selectively hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine (PC). Protein cofactors and calcium might be required for its activation. Most vertebrate PLDs have adjacent Phox (PX) and the Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains at their N-terminus, which have been shown to mediate membrane targeting of the protein and are closely linked to polyphosphoinositide signaling. Like other members of the PLD superfamily, the monomer of vertebrate PLDs consists of two catalytic domains, each of which contains one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue). Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site. These PLDs utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197300 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 151 Bit Score: 230.30 E-value: 3.44e-71
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| PH_PLD | cd01254 | Phospholipase D pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; PLD hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine to ... |
60-189 | 2.14e-47 | ||||||||||||||
Phospholipase D pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; PLD hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidic acid (PtdOH), which can bind target proteins. PLD contains a PH domain, a PX domain and four conserved PLD signature domains. The PLD PH domain is specific for bisphosphorylated inositides. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes. Pssm-ID: 269956 Cd Length: 136 Bit Score: 164.74 E-value: 2.14e-47
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| PLN02352 | PLN02352 | phospholipase D epsilon |
228-693 | 2.12e-42 | ||||||||||||||
phospholipase D epsilon Pssm-ID: 215202 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 758 Bit Score: 165.86 E-value: 2.12e-42
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| PLN02270 | PLN02270 | phospholipase D alpha |
228-669 | 5.04e-40 | ||||||||||||||
phospholipase D alpha Pssm-ID: 165912 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 808 Bit Score: 158.95 E-value: 5.04e-40
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| Cls | COG1502 | Phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylglycerophosphate/cardiolipin synthase [Lipid transport and ... |
199-675 | 3.86e-35 | ||||||||||||||
Phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylglycerophosphate/cardiolipin synthase [Lipid transport and metabolism]; Phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylglycerophosphate/cardiolipin synthase is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Phospholipid biosynthesis Pssm-ID: 441111 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 367 Bit Score: 137.38 E-value: 3.86e-35
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| PLDc_vPLD1_2_like_2 | cd09105 | Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of vertebrate phospholipases, PLD1 and PLD2, and similar proteins; ... |
499-673 | 6.18e-33 | ||||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of vertebrate phospholipases, PLD1 and PLD2, and similar proteins; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of phospholipase D (PLD, EC 3.1.4.4) found in yeast, plants, and vertebrates, and their bacterial homologs. PLDs are involved in signal transduction, vesicle formation, protein transport, and mitosis by participating in phospholipid metabolism. They hydrolyze the terminal phosphodiester bond of phospholipids resulting in the formation of phosphatidic acid and alcohols. Phosphatidic acid is an essential compound involved in signal transduction. PLDs also catalyze the transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols, by which various phospholipids can be synthesized. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic PLDs have two HKD motifs (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue) that characterizes the phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily. PLDs are active as bi-lobed monomers. Each monomer contains two domains, each of which carries one copy of the HKD motif. Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site. PLDs utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197204 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 146 Bit Score: 123.95 E-value: 6.18e-33
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| PLDc_vPLD1_2_like_1 | cd09104 | Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of vertebrate phospholipases, PLD1 and PLD2, and similar proteins; ... |
215-354 | 3.16e-32 | ||||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of vertebrate phospholipases, PLD1 and PLD2, and similar proteins; Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of phospholipase D (PLD, EC 3.1.4.4) found in yeast, plants, and vertebrates, and their bacterial homologs. PLDs are involved in signal transduction, vesicle formation, protein transport, and mitosis by participating in phospholipid metabolism. They hydrolyze the terminal phosphodiester bond of phospholipids resulting in the formation of phosphatidic acid and alcohols. Phosphatidic acid is an essential compound involved in signal transduction. PLDs also catalyze the transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols, by which various phospholipids can be synthesized. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic PLDs have two HKD motifs (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue) that characterizes the phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily. PLDs are active as bi-lobed monomers. Each monomer contains two domains, each of which carries one copy of the HKD motif. Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site. PLDs utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197203 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 147 Bit Score: 122.12 E-value: 3.16e-32
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| PX_PLD2 | cd07297 | The phosphoinositide binding Phox Homology domain of Phospholipase D2; The PX domain is a ... |
1-72 | 3.95e-31 | ||||||||||||||
The phosphoinositide binding Phox Homology domain of Phospholipase D2; The PX domain is a phosphoinositide (PI) binding module present in many proteins with diverse functions such as cell signaling, vesicular trafficking, protein sorting, and lipid modification, among others. Phospholipase D (PLD) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond of phosphatidylcholine to generate membrane-bound phosphatidic acid and choline. PLD activity has been detected in viruses, bacteria, yeast, plants, and mammals, but the PX domain is not present in PLDs from viruses and bacteria. PLDs are implicated in many cellular functions like signaling, cytoskeletal reorganization, vesicular transport, stress responses, and the control of differentiation, proliferation, and survival. PLD2 contains PX and Pleckstrin Homology (PH) domains in addition to the catalytic domain. It mediates EGF-dependent insulin secretion and EGF-induced Ras activation by the guanine nucleotide-exchange factor Son of sevenless (Sos). It regulates mast cell activation by associating and promoting the activation of the protein tyrosine kinase Syk. PLD2 also participates in the sphingosine 1-phosphate-mediated pathway that stimulates the migration of endothelial cells, an important factor in angiogenesis. The PX domain is involved in targeting of proteins to PI-enriched membranes, and may also be involved in protein-protein interaction. Pssm-ID: 132830 Cd Length: 130 Bit Score: 118.48 E-value: 3.95e-31
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| PLDc_pPLD_like_2 | cd09142 | Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of plant phospholipase D and similar proteins; Catalytic domain, ... |
497-668 | 5.51e-31 | ||||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of plant phospholipase D and similar proteins; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of plant phospholipase D (PLD, EC 3.1.4.4) and similar proteins. Plant PLDs have broad substrate specificity and can hydrolyze the terminal phosphodiester bond of several common membrane phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and phosphatidylserine (PS), with the formation of phosphatidic acid and alcohols. Phosphatidic acid is an essential compound involved in signal transduction. PLDs also catalyze the transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols, by which various phospholipids can be synthesized. Most plant PLDs possess a regulatory calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding C2 domain in the N-terminus and require calcium for activity, which is unique to plant PLDs and is not present in animal or fungal PLDs. Like other PLD enzymes, the monomer of plant PLDs consists of two catalytic domains, each of which contains one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue). Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site. Plant PLDs may utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. This subfamily includes two types of plant PLDs, alpha-type and beta-type PLDs, which are derived from different gene products and distinctly regulated. The zeta-type PLD from Arabidopsis is not included in this subfamily. Pssm-ID: 197240 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 208 Bit Score: 120.61 E-value: 5.51e-31
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| PLN03008 | PLN03008 | Phospholipase D delta |
231-669 | 5.63e-26 | ||||||||||||||
Phospholipase D delta Pssm-ID: 178585 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 868 Bit Score: 114.81 E-value: 5.63e-26
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| PLDc_pPLDalpha_2 | cd09199 | Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of plant alpha-type phospholipase D; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, ... |
497-669 | 9.83e-26 | ||||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of plant alpha-type phospholipase D; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of plant alpha-type phospholipase D (PLDalpha, EC 3.1.4.4). Plant PLDalpha is a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-independent PLD that possesses a regulatory calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding C2 domain in the N-terminus and require millimolar calcium for optimal activity. The C2 domain is unique to plant PLDs and is not present in animal or fungal PLDs. Like other PLD enzymes, the monomer of plant PLDalpha consists of two catalytic domains, each of which contains one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue). Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site. Plant PLDalpha may utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197295 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 211 Bit Score: 105.86 E-value: 9.83e-26
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| PLDc_pPLDbeta_2 | cd09200 | Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of plant beta-type phospholipase D; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of ... |
498-669 | 1.30e-22 | ||||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of plant beta-type phospholipase D; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of plant beta-type phospholipase D (PLDbeta, EC 3.1.4.4). Plant PLDbeta is a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-dependent PLD that possesses a regulatory calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding C2 domain in the N-terminus and requires nanomolar calcium and cytosolic factors for optimal activity. The C2 domain is unique to plant PLDs and is not present in animal or fungal PLDs. Sequence analysis shows that plant PLDbeta is evolutionarily divergent from alpha-type plant PLD, and plant PLDbeta is more closely related to mammalian and yeast PLDs than to plant PLDalpha. Like other PLD enzymes, the monomer of plant PLDbeta consists of two catalytic domains, each of which contains one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue). Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site. Plant PLDbeta may utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197296 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 211 Bit Score: 96.93 E-value: 1.30e-22
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| PLDc_vPLD1_2_like_bac_1 | cd09140 | Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of uncharacterized bacterial proteins with similarity to ... |
219-347 | 6.96e-17 | ||||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of uncharacterized bacterial proteins with similarity to vertebrate phospholipases, PLD1 and PLD2; Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of uncharacterized bacterial counterparts of vertebrate, yeast and plant phospholipase D (PLD, EC 3.1.4.4). PLDs hydrolyze the terminal phosphodiester bond of phospholipids with the formation of phosphatidic acid and alcohols. They also catalyze the transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols, by which various phospholipids can be synthesized. Instead of the regulatory C2 (calcium-activated lipid binding) domain in plants and the adjacent Phox (PX) and the Pleckstrin homology (PH) N-terminal domains in most mammalian and yeast PLDs, many members in this subfamily contain a SNARE associated C-terminal domain, whose functional role is unclear. Like other PLD enzymes, members in this subfamily contain two copies of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue), that may play an important role in the catalysis. Pssm-ID: 197238 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 146 Bit Score: 78.36 E-value: 6.96e-17
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| PLDc_pPLD_like_1 | cd09139 | Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of plant phospholipase D and similar proteins; Catalytic domain, ... |
218-352 | 2.27e-15 | ||||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of plant phospholipase D and similar proteins; Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of plant phospholipase D (PLD, EC 3.1.4.4) and similar proteins. Plant PLDs have broad substrate specificity and can hydrolyze the terminal phosphodiester bond of several common membrane phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and phosphatidylserine (PS), with the formation of phosphatidic acid and alcohols. Phosphatidic acid is an essential compound involved in signal transduction. PLDs also catalyze the transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols, by which various phospholipids can be synthesized. Most plant PLDs possess a regulatory calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding C2 domain in the N-terminus and require calcium for activity, which is unique to plant PLDs and is not present in animal or fungal PLDs. Like other PLD enzymes, the monomer of plant PLDs consists of two catalytic domains, each of which contains one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue). Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site. Plant PLDs may utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. This subfamily includes two types of plant PLDs, alpha-type and beta-type PLDs, which are derived from different gene products and distinctly regulated. The zeta-type PLD from Arabidopsis is not included in this subfamily. Pssm-ID: 197237 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 176 Bit Score: 74.74 E-value: 2.27e-15
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| PX_PLD | cd06895 | The phosphoinositide binding Phox Homology domain of Phospholipase D; The PX domain is a ... |
14-72 | 1.11e-14 | ||||||||||||||
The phosphoinositide binding Phox Homology domain of Phospholipase D; The PX domain is a phosphoinositide (PI) binding module present in many proteins with diverse functions such as cell signaling, vesicular trafficking, protein sorting, and lipid modification, among others. Phospholipase D (PLD) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond of phosphatidylcholine to generate membrane-bound phosphatidic acid and choline. Members of this subfamily contain PX and Pleckstrin Homology (PH) domains in addition to the catalytic domain. PLD activity has been detected in viruses, bacteria, yeast, plants, and mammals, but the PX domain is not present in PLDs from viruses and bacteria. PLDs are implicated in many cellular functions like signaling, cytoskeletal reorganization, vesicular transport, stress responses, and the control of differentiation, proliferation, and survival. Vertebrates contain two PLD isozymes, PLD1 and PLD2. PLD1 is located mainly in intracellular membranes while PLD2 is associated with plasma membranes. The PX domain is involved in targeting of proteins to PI-enriched membranes, and may also be involved in protein-protein interaction. Pssm-ID: 132805 Cd Length: 140 Bit Score: 71.64 E-value: 1.11e-14
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| PX_PLD1 | cd07296 | The phosphoinositide binding Phox Homology domain of Phospholipase D1; The PX domain is a ... |
22-72 | 9.51e-13 | ||||||||||||||
The phosphoinositide binding Phox Homology domain of Phospholipase D1; The PX domain is a phosphoinositide binding module present in many proteins with diverse functions such as cell signaling, vesicular trafficking, protein sorting, and lipid modification, among others. Phospholipase D (PLD) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond of phosphatidylcholine to generate membrane-bound phosphatidic acid and choline. PLDs are implicated in many cellular functions like signaling, cytoskeletal reorganization, vesicular transport, stress responses, and the control of differentiation, proliferation, and survival. PLD1 contains PX and Pleckstrin Homology (PH) domains in addition to the catalytic domain. It acts as an effector of Rheb in the signaling of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine/threonine protein kinase that transduces nutrients and other stimuli to regulate many cellular processes. PLD1 also regulates the secretion of the procoagulant von Willebrand factor (VWF) in endothelial cells. The PX domain is involved in targeting of proteins to PI-enriched membranes, and may also be involved in protein-protein interaction. The PX domain of PLD1 specifically binds to phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P3], which enables PLD1 to mediate signals via the ERK1/2 pathway. Pssm-ID: 132829 Cd Length: 135 Bit Score: 66.10 E-value: 9.51e-13
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| PLDc_vPLD1_2_like_bac_2 | cd09143 | Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of uncharacterized bacterial proteins with similarity to ... |
506-672 | 1.87e-12 | ||||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of uncharacterized bacterial proteins with similarity to vertebrate phospholipases, PLD1 and PLD2; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of uncharacterized bacterial counterparts of vertebrate, yeast and plant phospholipase D (PLD, EC 3.1.4.4). PLDs hydrolyze the terminal phosphodiester bond of phospholipids with the formation of phosphatidic acid and alcohols. They also catalyze the transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols, by which various phospholipids can be synthesized. Instead of the regulatory C2 (calcium-activated lipid binding) domain in plants and the adjacent Phox (PX) and the Pleckstrin homology (PH) N-terminal domains in most mammalian and yeast PLDs, many members in this subfamily contain a SNARE associated C-terminal domain, whose functional role is unclear. Like other PLD enzymes, members in this subfamily contain two copies of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue), that may play an important role in the catalysis. Pssm-ID: 197241 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 142 Bit Score: 65.24 E-value: 1.87e-12
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| PLDc_pPLDalpha_1 | cd09197 | Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of plant alpha-type phospholipase D; Catalytic domain, repeat 1, ... |
228-352 | 3.47e-12 | ||||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of plant alpha-type phospholipase D; Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of plant alpha-type phospholipase D (PLDalpha, EC 3.1.4.4). Plant PLDalpha is a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-independent PLD that possesses a regulatory calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding C2 domain in the N-terminus and require millimolar calcium for optimal activity. The C2 domain is unique to plant PLDs and is not present in animal or fungal PLDs. Like other PLD enzymes, the monomer of plant PLDalpha consists of two catalytic domains, each of which contains one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue). Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site. Plant PLDalpha may utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197293 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 178 Bit Score: 65.71 E-value: 3.47e-12
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| PLDc_pPLDbeta_1 | cd09198 | Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of plant beta-type phospholipase D; Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of ... |
230-352 | 1.64e-09 | ||||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of plant beta-type phospholipase D; Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of plant beta-type phospholipase D (PLDbeta, EC 3.1.4.4). Plant PLDbeta is a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)-dependent PLD that possesses a regulatory calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding C2 domain in the N-terminus and requires nanomolar calcium and cytosolic factors for optimal activity. The C2 domain is unique to plant PLDs and is not present in animal or fungal PLDs. Sequence analysis shows that plant PLDbeta is evolutionarily divergent from alpha-type plant PLD, and plant PLDbeta is more closely related to mammalian and yeast PLDs than to plant PLDalpha. Like other PLD enzymes, the monomer of plant PLDbeta consists of two catalytic domains, each of which contains one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue). Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site. Plant PLDbeta may utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197294 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 180 Bit Score: 57.98 E-value: 1.64e-09
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| PLDc_2 | pfam13091 | PLD-like domain; |
506-675 | 2.13e-09 | ||||||||||||||
PLD-like domain; Pssm-ID: 463784 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 132 Bit Score: 56.15 E-value: 2.13e-09
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| PLDc_CLS_1 | cd09110 | Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of bacterial cardiolipin synthase and similar proteins; Catalytic ... |
219-353 | 8.59e-09 | ||||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of bacterial cardiolipin synthase and similar proteins; Catalytic domain, repeat 1, of bacterial cardiolipin (CL) synthase and a few homologs found in eukaryotes and archaea. Bacterial CL synthases catalyze the reversible phosphatidyl group transfer between two phosphatidylglycerol molecules to form CL and glycerol. The monomer of bacterial CL synthase consists of two catalytic domains. Each catalytic domain contains one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue) that characterizes the phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily. Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site involved in phosphatidyl group transfer. Bacterial CL synthases can be stimulated by phosphate and inhibited by CL, the product of the reaction, and by phosphatidate. Phosphate stimulation may be unique to enzymes with CL synthase activity belonging to the PLD superfamily. Like other PLD enzymes, bacterial CL synthases utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197209 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 154 Bit Score: 55.17 E-value: 8.59e-09
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| PLDc_SF | cd00138 | Catalytic domain of phospholipase D superfamily proteins; Catalytic domain of phospholipase D ... |
226-346 | 6.44e-07 | ||||||||||||||
Catalytic domain of phospholipase D superfamily proteins; Catalytic domain of phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily proteins. The PLD superfamily is composed of a large and diverse group of proteins including plant, mammalian and bacterial PLDs, bacterial cardiolipin (CL) synthases, bacterial phosphatidylserine synthases (PSS), eukaryotic phosphatidylglycerophosphate (PGP) synthase, eukaryotic tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (Tdp1), and some bacterial endonucleases (Nuc and BfiI), among others. PLD enzymes hydrolyze phospholipid phosphodiester bonds to yield phosphatidic acid and a free polar head group. They can also catalyze the transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols. The majority of members in this superfamily contain a short conserved sequence motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue), called the HKD signature motif. There are varying expanded forms of this motif in different family members. Some members contain variant HKD motifs. Most PLD enzymes are monomeric proteins with two HKD motif-containing domains. Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site. Some PLD enzymes have only one copy of the HKD motif per subunit but form a functionally active dimer, which has a single active site at the dimer interface containing the two HKD motifs from both subunits. Different PLD enzymes may have evolved through domain fusion of a common catalytic core with separate substrate recognition domains. Despite their various catalytic functions and a very broad range of substrate specificities, the diverse group of PLD enzymes can bind to a phosphodiester moiety. Most of them are active as bi-lobed monomers or dimers, and may possess similar core structures for catalytic activity. They are generally thought to utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism, involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate, to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197200 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 119 Bit Score: 48.67 E-value: 6.44e-07
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| PLDc_PaCLS_like_1 | cd09155 | Putative catalytic domain, repeat 1, of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cardiolipin synthase and ... |
219-353 | 7.52e-07 | ||||||||||||||
Putative catalytic domain, repeat 1, of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cardiolipin synthase and similar proteins; Putative catalytic domain, repeat 1, of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cardiolipin (CL) synthase (PaCLS) and similar proteins. Although PaCLS and similar proteins have not been functionally characterized, members in this subfamily show high sequence homology to bacterial CL synthases, which catalyze the reversible phosphatidyl group transfer between two phosphatidylglycerol molecules to form CL and glycerol. Moreover, PaCLS and other members of this subfamily contain two HKD motifs (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue) that characterizes the phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily. The two motifs may be part of the active site and may be involved in phosphatidyl group transfer. Pssm-ID: 197252 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 156 Bit Score: 49.55 E-value: 7.52e-07
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| PLDc | smart00155 | Phospholipase D. Active site motifs; Phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D (PLD) ... |
632-658 | 2.70e-06 | ||||||||||||||
Phospholipase D. Active site motifs; Phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D (PLD) isoforms are activated by ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs). PLD produces phosphatidic acid from phosphatidylcholine, which may be essential for the formation of certain types of transport vesicles or may be constitutive vesicular transport to signal transduction pathways. PC-hydrolysing PLD is a homologue of cardiolipin synthase, phosphatidylserine synthase, bacterial PLDs, and viral proteins. Each of these appears to possess a domain duplication which is apparent by the presence of two motifs containing well-conserved histidine, lysine, aspartic acid, and/or asparagine residues which may contribute to the active site. An E. coli endonuclease (nuc) and similar proteins appear to be PLD homologues but possess only one of these motifs. The profile contained here represents only the putative active site regions, since an accurate multiple alignment of the repeat units has not been achieved. Pssm-ID: 197546 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 28 Bit Score: 44.30 E-value: 2.70e-06
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| PLDc_SF | cd00138 | Catalytic domain of phospholipase D superfamily proteins; Catalytic domain of phospholipase D ... |
505-671 | 6.52e-06 | ||||||||||||||
Catalytic domain of phospholipase D superfamily proteins; Catalytic domain of phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily proteins. The PLD superfamily is composed of a large and diverse group of proteins including plant, mammalian and bacterial PLDs, bacterial cardiolipin (CL) synthases, bacterial phosphatidylserine synthases (PSS), eukaryotic phosphatidylglycerophosphate (PGP) synthase, eukaryotic tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (Tdp1), and some bacterial endonucleases (Nuc and BfiI), among others. PLD enzymes hydrolyze phospholipid phosphodiester bonds to yield phosphatidic acid and a free polar head group. They can also catalyze the transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols. The majority of members in this superfamily contain a short conserved sequence motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue), called the HKD signature motif. There are varying expanded forms of this motif in different family members. Some members contain variant HKD motifs. Most PLD enzymes are monomeric proteins with two HKD motif-containing domains. Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site. Some PLD enzymes have only one copy of the HKD motif per subunit but form a functionally active dimer, which has a single active site at the dimer interface containing the two HKD motifs from both subunits. Different PLD enzymes may have evolved through domain fusion of a common catalytic core with separate substrate recognition domains. Despite their various catalytic functions and a very broad range of substrate specificities, the diverse group of PLD enzymes can bind to a phosphodiester moiety. Most of them are active as bi-lobed monomers or dimers, and may possess similar core structures for catalytic activity. They are generally thought to utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism, involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate, to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile, attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid, stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197200 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 119 Bit Score: 45.97 E-value: 6.52e-06
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| PLDc_CLS_2 | cd09112 | catalytic domain repeat 2 of bacterial cardiolipin synthase and similar proteins; This CD ... |
634-676 | 1.43e-05 | ||||||||||||||
catalytic domain repeat 2 of bacterial cardiolipin synthase and similar proteins; This CD corresponds to the catalytic domain repeat 2 of bacterial cardiolipin synthase (CL synthase, EC 2.7.8.-) and a few homologs found in eukaryotes and archea. Bacterial CL synthases catalyze reversible phosphatidyl group transfer between two phosphatidylglycerol molecules to form cardiolipin (CL) and glycerol. The monomer of bacterial CL synthase consists of two catalytic domains. Each catalytic domain contains one copy of conserved HKD motifs (H-X-K-X(4)-D, X represents any amino acid residue) that are the characteristic of the phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily. Two HKD motifs from two domains together form a single active site involving in phosphatidyl group transfer. Bacterial CL synthases can be stimulated by phosphate and inhibited by CL, the product of the reaction, and by phosphatidate. Phosphate stimulation may be unique to enzymes with CL synthase activity in PLD superfamily. Like other PLD enzymes, bacterial CL synthase utilize a common two-step ping-pong catalytic mechanism involving an enzyme-substrate intermediate to cleave phosphodiester bonds. The two histidine residues from the two HKD motifs play key roles in the catalysis. Upon substrate binding, a histidine residue from one HKD motif could function as the nucleophile attacking the phosphodiester bond to create a covalent phosphohistidine intermediate, while the other histidine residue from the second HKD motif could serve as a general acid stabilizing the leaving group. Pssm-ID: 197211 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 174 Bit Score: 46.32 E-value: 1.43e-05
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| PH | smart00233 | Pleckstrin homology domain; Domain commonly found in eukaryotic signalling proteins. The ... |
85-191 | 1.67e-05 | ||||||||||||||
Pleckstrin homology domain; Domain commonly found in eukaryotic signalling proteins. The domain family possesses multiple functions including the abilities to bind inositol phosphates, and various proteins. PH domains have been found to possess inserted domains (such as in PLC gamma, syntrophins) and to be inserted within other domains. Mutations in Brutons tyrosine kinase (Btk) within its PH domain cause X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) in patients. Point mutations cluster into the positively charged end of the molecule around the predicted binding site for phosphatidylinositol lipids. Pssm-ID: 214574 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 102 Bit Score: 44.46 E-value: 1.67e-05
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| PLDc_SMU_988_like_1 | cd09154 | Putative catalytic domain, repeat 1, of Streptococcus mutans uncharacterized protein SMU_988 ... |
218-361 | 2.80e-05 | ||||||||||||||
Putative catalytic domain, repeat 1, of Streptococcus mutans uncharacterized protein SMU_988 and similar proteins; Putative catalytic domain, repeat 1, of Streptococcus mutans uncharacterized protein SMU_988 and similar proteins. Although SMU_988 and similar proteins have not been functionally characterized, members in this subfamily show high sequence homology to bacterial cardiolipin (CL) synthases, which catalyze the reversible phosphatidyl group transfer between two phosphatidylglycerol molecules to form CL and glycerol. Members of this subfamily contain two HKD motifs (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue) that characterizes the phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily. The two motifs may be part of the active site and may be involved in phosphatidyl group transfer. Pssm-ID: 197251 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 155 Bit Score: 44.83 E-value: 2.80e-05
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| PX | pfam00787 | PX domain; PX domains bind to phosphoinositides. |
25-72 | 3.23e-05 | ||||||||||||||
PX domain; PX domains bind to phosphoinositides. Pssm-ID: 459940 Cd Length: 84 Bit Score: 43.00 E-value: 3.23e-05
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| PLDc_unchar3 | cd09131 | Putative catalytic domain of uncharacterized phospholipase D-like proteins; Putative catalytic ... |
635-682 | 4.08e-05 | ||||||||||||||
Putative catalytic domain of uncharacterized phospholipase D-like proteins; Putative catalytic domain of uncharacterized phospholipase D (PLD, EC 3.1.4.4)-like proteins. Members of this subfamily contain one copy of HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue) that characterizes the PLD superfamily. Pssm-ID: 197229 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 143 Bit Score: 44.25 E-value: 4.08e-05
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| PLDc_unchar1_2 | cd09128 | Putative catalytic domain, repeat 2, of uncharacterized phospholipase D-like proteins; ... |
629-675 | 7.52e-05 | ||||||||||||||
Putative catalytic domain, repeat 2, of uncharacterized phospholipase D-like proteins; Putative catalytic domain, repeat 2, of uncharacterized phospholipase D (PLD, EC 3.1.4.4)-like proteins. PLD enzymes hydrolyze phospholipid phosphodiester bonds to yield phosphatidic acid and a free polar head group. They can also catalyze transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols. Members of this subfamily contain two HKD motifs (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue) that characterizes the PLD superfamily. The two motifs may be part of the active site and may be involved in phosphatidyl group transfer. Pssm-ID: 197226 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 142 Bit Score: 43.42 E-value: 7.52e-05
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| PLDc | pfam00614 | Phospholipase D Active site motif; Phosphatidylcholine-hydrolysing phospholipase D (PLD) ... |
636-658 | 9.03e-05 | ||||||||||||||
Phospholipase D Active site motif; Phosphatidylcholine-hydrolysing phospholipase D (PLD) isoforms are activated by ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs). PLD produces phosphatidic acid from phosphatidylcholine, which may be essential for the formation of certain types of transport vesicles or may be constitutive vesicular transport to signal transduction pathways. PC-hydrolysing PLD is a homolog of cardiolipin synthase, phosphatidylserine synthase, bacterial PLDs, and viral proteins. Each of these appears to possess a domain duplication which is apparent by the presence of two motifs containing well-conserved histidine, lysine, and/or asparagine residues which may contribute to the active site. aspartic acid. An E. coli endonuclease (nuc) and similar proteins appear to be PLD homologs but possess only one of these motifs. The profile contained here represents only the putative active site regions, since an accurate multiple alignment of the repeat units has not been achieved. Pssm-ID: 395489 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 28 Bit Score: 40.09 E-value: 9.03e-05
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| PLDc_C_DEXD_like | cd09126 | C-terminal putative phospholipase D-like domain of uncharacterized prokaryotic HKD family ... |
216-347 | 1.44e-04 | ||||||||||||||
C-terminal putative phospholipase D-like domain of uncharacterized prokaryotic HKD family nucleases fused to DEAD/DEAH box helicases; C-terminal putative phospholipase D (PLD)-like domain of uncharacterized prokaryotic HKD family nucleases fused to a DEAD/DEAH box helicase domain. All members of this subfamily are uncharacterized. In addition to the helicase-like region, members of this family also contain a PLD-like domain in the C-terminal region, which is characterized by a variant HKD (H-x-K-x(4)-D motif, where x represents any amino acid residue) motif. Due to the lack of key residues related to PLD activity in the variant HKD motif, members of this subfamily are most unlikely to carry PLD activity. Pssm-ID: 197224 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 126 Bit Score: 42.24 E-value: 1.44e-04
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| PLDc_ybhO_like_2 | cd09159 | Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of Escherichia coli cardiolipin synthase ybhO and similar proteins; ... |
635-673 | 4.26e-04 | ||||||||||||||
Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of Escherichia coli cardiolipin synthase ybhO and similar proteins; Catalytic domain, repeat 2, of Escherichia coli cardiolipin (CL) synthase ybhO and similar proteins. In Escherichia coli, there are two genes, f413 (ybhO) and o493 (ymdC), which are homologous to gene cls that encodes the Escherichia coli CL synthase. The prototype of this subfamily is Escherichia coli CL synthase ybhO specified by the f413 (ybhO) gene. ybhO is a membrane-bound protein that catalyzes the formation of cardiolipin (CL) by transferring phosphatidyl group between two phosphatidylglycerol molecules. It can also catalyze phosphatidyl group transfer to water to form phosphatidate. In contrast to the Escherichia coli CL synthase encoded by the cls gene (EcCLS), ybhO does not hydrolyze CL. Moreover, ybhO lacks an N-terminal segment encoded by Escherichia coli cls, which makes ybhO easy to denature. The monomer of ybhO consists of two catalytic domains. Each catalytic domain contains one copy of the conserved HKD motif (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue) that characterizes the phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily. Two HKD motifs from two domains form a single active site involved in phosphatidyl group transfer. ybhO can be stimulated by phosphate and inhibited by CL, the product of the reaction, and by phosphatidate. Phosphate stimulation may be unique to enzymes with CL synthase activity belonging to the PLD superfamily. Pssm-ID: 197256 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 170 Bit Score: 41.76 E-value: 4.26e-04
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| PLDc | pfam00614 | Phospholipase D Active site motif; Phosphatidylcholine-hydrolysing phospholipase D (PLD) ... |
317-344 | 5.55e-04 | ||||||||||||||
Phospholipase D Active site motif; Phosphatidylcholine-hydrolysing phospholipase D (PLD) isoforms are activated by ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs). PLD produces phosphatidic acid from phosphatidylcholine, which may be essential for the formation of certain types of transport vesicles or may be constitutive vesicular transport to signal transduction pathways. PC-hydrolysing PLD is a homolog of cardiolipin synthase, phosphatidylserine synthase, bacterial PLDs, and viral proteins. Each of these appears to possess a domain duplication which is apparent by the presence of two motifs containing well-conserved histidine, lysine, and/or asparagine residues which may contribute to the active site. aspartic acid. An E. coli endonuclease (nuc) and similar proteins appear to be PLD homologs but possess only one of these motifs. The profile contained here represents only the putative active site regions, since an accurate multiple alignment of the repeat units has not been achieved. Pssm-ID: 395489 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 28 Bit Score: 37.78 E-value: 5.55e-04
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| PLDc_ymdC_like_2 | cd09113 | Putative catalytic domain, repeat 2, of Escherichia coli uncharacterized protein ymdC and ... |
635-675 | 6.34e-04 | ||||||||||||||
Putative catalytic domain, repeat 2, of Escherichia coli uncharacterized protein ymdC and similar proteins; Putative catalytic domain, repeat 2, of Escherichia coli uncharacterized protein ymdC and similar proteins. In Escherichia coli, there are two genes, f413 (ybhO) and o493 (ymdC), which are homologous to gene cls that encodes the Escherichia coli cardiolipin (CL) synthase. The prototype of this subfamily is an uncharacterized protein ymdC specified by the o493 (ymdC) gene. Although the functional characterization of ymdC and similar proteins remains unknown, members of this subfamily show high sequence homology to bacterial CL synthases, which catalyze the reversible phosphatidyl group transfer between two phosphatidylglycerol molecules to form CL and glycerol. Moreover, ymdC and its similar proteins contain two HKD motifs (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue) that characteriszes the phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily. The two motifs may be part of the active site and may be involved in phosphatidyl group transfer. Pssm-ID: 197212 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 218 Bit Score: 41.82 E-value: 6.34e-04
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| PLDc_unchar1_1 | cd09127 | Putative catalytic domain, repeat 1, of uncharacterized phospholipase D-like proteins; ... |
218-336 | 1.09e-03 | ||||||||||||||
Putative catalytic domain, repeat 1, of uncharacterized phospholipase D-like proteins; Putative catalytic domain, repeat 1, of uncharacterized phospholipase D (PLD, EC 3.1.4.4)-like proteins. PLD enzymes hydrolyze phospholipid phosphodiester bonds to yield phosphatidic acid and a free polar head group. They can also catalyze transphosphatidylation of phospholipids to acceptor alcohols. Members of this subfamily contain two HKD motifs (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue) that characterizes the PLD superfamily. The two motifs may be part of the active site and may be involved in phosphatidyl group transfer. Pssm-ID: 197225 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 141 Bit Score: 39.94 E-value: 1.09e-03
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| PLDc_CLS_unchar1_2 | cd09162 | Putative catalytic domain, repeat 2, of uncharacterized proteins similar to bacterial ... |
635-660 | 1.66e-03 | ||||||||||||||
Putative catalytic domain, repeat 2, of uncharacterized proteins similar to bacterial cardiolipin synthase; Putative catalytic domain, repeat 2, of uncharacterized proteins similar to bacterial cardiolipin (CL) synthases, which catalyze the reversible phosphatidyl group transfer between two phosphatidylglycerol molecules to form CL and glycerol. Members of this subfamily contain two HKD motifs (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue) that characterizes the phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily. The two motifs may be part of the active site and may be involved in phosphatidyl group transfer. Pssm-ID: 197259 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 172 Bit Score: 39.94 E-value: 1.66e-03
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| PLDc_ymdC_like_1 | cd09111 | Putative catalytic domain, repeat 1, of Escherichia coli uncharacterized protein ymdC and ... |
267-337 | 1.86e-03 | ||||||||||||||
Putative catalytic domain, repeat 1, of Escherichia coli uncharacterized protein ymdC and similar proteins; Putative catalytic domain, repeat 1, of Escherichia coli uncharacterized protein ymdC and similar proteins. In Escherichia coli, there are two genes, f413 (ybhO) and o493 (ymdC), which are homologous to gene cls that encodes the Escherichia coli cardiolipin (CL) synthase. The prototype of this subfamily is an uncharacterized protein ymdC specified by the o493 (ymdC) gene. Although the functional characterization of ymdC and similar proteins remains unknown, members of this subfamily show high sequence homology to bacterial CL synthases, which catalyze the reversible phosphatidyl group transfer between two phosphatidylglycerol molecules to form CL and glycerol. Moreover, ymdC and its similar proteins contain two HKD motifs (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue) that characteriszes the phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily. The two motifs may be part of the active site and may be involved in phosphatidyl group transfer. Pssm-ID: 197210 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 162 Bit Score: 39.83 E-value: 1.86e-03
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| PLDc | smart00155 | Phospholipase D. Active site motifs; Phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D (PLD) ... |
317-344 | 2.11e-03 | ||||||||||||||
Phospholipase D. Active site motifs; Phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D (PLD) isoforms are activated by ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs). PLD produces phosphatidic acid from phosphatidylcholine, which may be essential for the formation of certain types of transport vesicles or may be constitutive vesicular transport to signal transduction pathways. PC-hydrolysing PLD is a homologue of cardiolipin synthase, phosphatidylserine synthase, bacterial PLDs, and viral proteins. Each of these appears to possess a domain duplication which is apparent by the presence of two motifs containing well-conserved histidine, lysine, aspartic acid, and/or asparagine residues which may contribute to the active site. An E. coli endonuclease (nuc) and similar proteins appear to be PLD homologues but possess only one of these motifs. The profile contained here represents only the putative active site regions, since an accurate multiple alignment of the repeat units has not been achieved. Pssm-ID: 197546 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 28 Bit Score: 36.21 E-value: 2.11e-03
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| PLDc_vPLD3_4_5_like_1 | cd09106 | Putative catalytic domain, repeat 1, of vertebrate phospholipases, PLD3, PLD4 and PLD5, viral ... |
635-673 | 3.48e-03 | ||||||||||||||
Putative catalytic domain, repeat 1, of vertebrate phospholipases, PLD3, PLD4 and PLD5, viral envelope proteins K4 and p37, and similar proteins; Putative catalytic domain, repeat 1, of vertebrate phospholipases D, PLD3, PLD4, and PLD5 (EC 3.1.4.4), viral envelope proteins (vaccinia virus proteins K4 and p37), and similar proteins. Most family members contain two copies of the HKD motifs (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue), and have been classified into the phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily. Proteins in this subfamily are associated with Golgi membranes, altering their lipid content by the conversion of phospholipids into phosphatidic acid, which is thought to be involved in the regulation of lipid movement. ADP ribosylation factor (ARF), a small guanosine triphosphate binding protein, might be required activity. The vaccinia virus p37 protein, encoded by the F13L gene, is also associated with Golgi membranes and is required for the envelopment and spread of the extracellular enveloped virus (EEV). The vaccinia virus protein K4, encoded by the HindIII K4L gene, remains to be characterized. Sequence analysis indicates that the vaccinia virus proteins K4 and p37 might have evolved from one or more captured eukaryotic genes involved in cellular lipid metabolism. Up to date, no catalytic activity of PLD3 has been shown. Furthermore, due to the lack of functional important histidine and lysine residues in the HKD motif, mammalian PLD5 has been characterized as an inactive PLD. The poxvirus p37 proteins may also lack PLD enzymatic activity, since they contain only one partially conserved HKD motif (N-x-K-x(4)-D). Pssm-ID: 197205 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 153 Bit Score: 38.77 E-value: 3.48e-03
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| PH | cd00821 | Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are ... |
85-186 | 5.22e-03 | ||||||||||||||
Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes. Pssm-ID: 275388 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 92 Bit Score: 37.14 E-value: 5.22e-03
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| PLDc_SMU_988_like_2 | cd09160 | Putative catalytic domain, repeat 2, of Streptococcus mutans uncharacterized protein SMU_988 ... |
634-659 | 9.97e-03 | ||||||||||||||
Putative catalytic domain, repeat 2, of Streptococcus mutans uncharacterized protein SMU_988 and similar proteins; Putative catalytic domain, repeat 2, of Streptococcus mutans uncharacterized protein SMU_988 and similar proteins. Although SMU_988 and similar proteins have not been functionally characterized, members in this subfamily show high sequence homology to bacterial cardiolipin (CL) synthases, which catalyze the reversible phosphatidyl group transfer between two phosphatidylglycerol molecules to form CL and glycerol. Members of this subfamily contain two HKD motifs (H-x-K-x(4)-D, where x represents any amino acid residue) that characterizes the phospholipase D (PLD) superfamily. The two motifs may be part of the active site and may be involved in phosphatidyl group transfer. Pssm-ID: 197257 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 176 Bit Score: 37.86 E-value: 9.97e-03
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