ADAP2 GTPase activating protein for Arf, with dual PH domains; The ADAP subfamily, ArfGAPs with dual pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, includes two members: ADAP1 and ADAP2. Both ADAP1 (also known as centaurin-alpha1, p42(IP4), or PIP3BP) and ADAP2 (centaurin-alpha2) display a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity toward Arf6 (ADP-ribosylation factor 6), which is involved in protein trafficking that regulates endocytic recycling, cytoskeleton remodeling, and neuronal differentiation. ADAP2 has high sequence similarity to the ADAP1 and they both contain a ArfGAP domain at the N-terminus, followed by two PH domains. However, ADAP1, unlike ADAP2, contains a putative N-terminal nuclear localization signal. The PH domains of ADAP1bind to the two second messenger molecules phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3) and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (I(1,3,4,5)P4) with identical high affinity, whereas those of ADAP2 specifically binds phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PI(3,4)P2) and PI(3,4,5)P3, which are produced by activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. ADAP1 is predominantly expressed in the brain neurons, while ADAP2 is broadly expressed, including the adipocytes, heart, and skeletal muscle but not in the brain. The limited distribution and high expression of ADAP1 in the brain indicates that ADAP1 is important for neuronal functions. ADAP1 has been shown to highly expressed in the neurons and plagues of Alzheimer's disease patients. In other hand, ADAP2 gene deletion has been shown to cause circulatory deficiencies and heart shape defects in zebrafish, indicating that ADAP2 has a vital role in heart development. Taken together, the hemizygous deletion of ADAP2 gene may be contributing to the cardiovascular malformation in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) microdeletions.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1622878374   4 REPNKKRLLELLRAPdtGNAYCADCGAADPDWASYKLGIFICLNCCGVHRNFPDISRVKSVRLDFWDDSIVEFMTHNGNL 83
Cdd:cd08844     1 RDRNKKRLLELLKLP--GNSVCADCGAPDPDWASYTLGIFICLNCSGVHRNLPDISRVKSIRLDFWEDELVEFMKENGNL 78

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1622878374  84 RVKAKFEARVPAFYYIPQANDCLVLKEQWIRAKY 117
Cdd:cd08844    79 KAKAKFEAFVPPFYYRPQANDCDVLKEQWIRAKY 112

Pleckstrin homology-like domain; The PH-like family includes the PH domain, both the Shc-like and IRS-like PTB domains, the ran-binding domain, the EVH1 domain, a domain in neurobeachin and the third domain of FERM. All of these domains have a PH fold, but lack significant sequence similarity. They are generally involved in targeting to protein to the appropriate cellular location or interacting with a binding partner. This domain family possesses multiple functions including the ability to bind inositol phosphates and to other proteins.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1622878374 255 NYLKQGFMEKTGPK------------------------DAFEQGQVFLGNKEQGYEVYEDLPKGIRGnRWKAGLTIVTPE 310
Cdd:cd01251     1 DFLKEGYLEKTGPKqtdgfrkrwftlddrrlmyfkdplDAFPKGEIFIGSKEEGYSVREGLPPGIKG-HWGFGFTLVTPD 79

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1622878374 311 RRYVLTCPNEKEQQEWLESLRGVLSS 336
Cdd:cd01251    80 RTFLLSAETEEERREWITAIQKVLER 105

ADAP2 GTPase activating protein for Arf, with dual PH domains; The ADAP subfamily, ArfGAPs with dual pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, includes two members: ADAP1 and ADAP2. Both ADAP1 (also known as centaurin-alpha1, p42(IP4), or PIP3BP) and ADAP2 (centaurin-alpha2) display a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity toward Arf6 (ADP-ribosylation factor 6), which is involved in protein trafficking that regulates endocytic recycling, cytoskeleton remodeling, and neuronal differentiation. ADAP2 has high sequence similarity to the ADAP1 and they both contain a ArfGAP domain at the N-terminus, followed by two PH domains. However, ADAP1, unlike ADAP2, contains a putative N-terminal nuclear localization signal. The PH domains of ADAP1bind to the two second messenger molecules phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3) and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (I(1,3,4,5)P4) with identical high affinity, whereas those of ADAP2 specifically binds phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PI(3,4)P2) and PI(3,4,5)P3, which are produced by activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. ADAP1 is predominantly expressed in the brain neurons, while ADAP2 is broadly expressed, including the adipocytes, heart, and skeletal muscle but not in the brain. The limited distribution and high expression of ADAP1 in the brain indicates that ADAP1 is important for neuronal functions. ADAP1 has been shown to highly expressed in the neurons and plagues of Alzheimer's disease patients. In other hand, ADAP2 gene deletion has been shown to cause circulatory deficiencies and heart shape defects in zebrafish, indicating that ADAP2 has a vital role in heart development. Taken together, the hemizygous deletion of ADAP2 gene may be contributing to the cardiovascular malformation in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) microdeletions.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1622878374   4 REPNKKRLLELLRAPdtGNAYCADCGAADPDWASYKLGIFICLNCCGVHRNFPDISRVKSVRLDFWDDSIVEFMTHNGNL 83
Cdd:cd08844     1 RDRNKKRLLELLKLP--GNSVCADCGAPDPDWASYTLGIFICLNCSGVHRNLPDISRVKSIRLDFWEDELVEFMKENGNL 78

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1622878374  84 RVKAKFEARVPAFYYIPQANDCLVLKEQWIRAKY 117
Cdd:cd08844    79 KAKAKFEAFVPPFYYRPQANDCDVLKEQWIRAKY 112

Putative GTPase activating protein for Arf; Putative zinc fingers with GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) towards the small GTPase, Arf. The GAP of ARD1 stimulates GTPase hydrolysis for ARD1 but not ARFs.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1622878374   8 KKRLLELLRAPdtGNAYCADCGAADPDWASYKLGIFICLNCCGVHRNF-PDISRVKSVRLDFWDDSIVEFMTHNGNLRVK 86
Cdd:pfam01412   1 KRVLRELLKLP--GNKVCADCGAPNPTWASVNLGIFICIDCSGVHRSLgVHISKVRSLTLDTWTDEQLELMKAGGNDRAN 78

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1622878374  87 AKFEARVPAFYYIPQaNDCLVLKEQWIRAKYERREFMADG 126
Cdd:pfam01412  79 EFWEANLPPSYKPPP-SSDREKRESFIRAKYVEKKFAKPG 117

ArfGAP with dual PH domains Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, repeat 2; ADAP (also called centaurin alpha) is a phophatidlyinositide binding protein consisting of an N-terminal ArfGAP domain and two PH domains. In response to growth factor activation, PI3K phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. Centaurin alpha 1 is recruited to the plasma membrane following growth factor stimulation by specific binding of its PH domain to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. Centaurin alpha 2 is constitutively bound to the plasma membrane since it binds phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate with equal affinity. This cd contains the second PH domain repeat. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1622878374 255 NYLKQGFMEKTGPK------------------------DAFEQGQVFLGNKEQGYEVYEDLPKGIRGnRWKAGLTIVTPE 310
Cdd:cd01251     1 DFLKEGYLEKTGPKqtdgfrkrwftlddrrlmyfkdplDAFPKGEIFIGSKEEGYSVREGLPPGIKG-HWGFGFTLVTPD 79

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1622878374 311 RRYVLTCPNEKEQQEWLESLRGVLSS 336
Cdd:cd01251    80 RTFLLSAETEEERREWITAIQKVLER 105

ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein AGD10; Provisional

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1622878374   7 NKKRLLELLRApDTGNAYCADCGAADPDWASYKLGIFICLNCCGVHRNFP-DISRVKSVRLDFWDDSIVEFMTHNGNLRV 85
Cdd:PLN03114    8 DKISVFKKLKA-KSDNKICFDCNAKNPTWASVTYGIFLCIDCSAVHRSLGvHISFVRSTNLDSWSSEQLKMMIYGGNNRA 86

                  ....*
gi 1622878374  86 KAKFE 90
Cdd:PLN03114   87 QVFFK 91

PH domain; PH stands for pleckstrin homology.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1622878374 135 REGFLWKRGRDNSQFLRRRFVLLAREGLLkYYTKEGG---KNPKAVISIKDL--NATFQTEKIGHPHGLQITYRRDGHIR 209
Cdd:pfam00169   3 KEGWLLKKGGGKKKSWKKRYFVLFDGSLL-YYKDDKSgksKEPKGSISLSGCevVEVVASDSPKRKFCFELRTGERTGKR 81

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|..
gi 1622878374 210 NLFVYHESGKEIVDWFNALRAA 231
Cdd:pfam00169  82 TYLLQAESEEERKDWIKAIQSA 103

ADAP2 GTPase activating protein for Arf, with dual PH domains; The ADAP subfamily, ArfGAPs with dual pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, includes two members: ADAP1 and ADAP2. Both ADAP1 (also known as centaurin-alpha1, p42(IP4), or PIP3BP) and ADAP2 (centaurin-alpha2) display a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity toward Arf6 (ADP-ribosylation factor 6), which is involved in protein trafficking that regulates endocytic recycling, cytoskeleton remodeling, and neuronal differentiation. ADAP2 has high sequence similarity to the ADAP1 and they both contain a ArfGAP domain at the N-terminus, followed by two PH domains. However, ADAP1, unlike ADAP2, contains a putative N-terminal nuclear localization signal. The PH domains of ADAP1bind to the two second messenger molecules phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3) and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (I(1,3,4,5)P4) with identical high affinity, whereas those of ADAP2 specifically binds phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PI(3,4)P2) and PI(3,4,5)P3, which are produced by activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. ADAP1 is predominantly expressed in the brain neurons, while ADAP2 is broadly expressed, including the adipocytes, heart, and skeletal muscle but not in the brain. The limited distribution and high expression of ADAP1 in the brain indicates that ADAP1 is important for neuronal functions. ADAP1 has been shown to highly expressed in the neurons and plagues of Alzheimer's disease patients. In other hand, ADAP2 gene deletion has been shown to cause circulatory deficiencies and heart shape defects in zebrafish, indicating that ADAP2 has a vital role in heart development. Taken together, the hemizygous deletion of ADAP2 gene may be contributing to the cardiovascular malformation in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) microdeletions.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1622878374   4 REPNKKRLLELLRAPdtGNAYCADCGAADPDWASYKLGIFICLNCCGVHRNFPDISRVKSVRLDFWDDSIVEFMTHNGNL 83
Cdd:cd08844     1 RDRNKKRLLELLKLP--GNSVCADCGAPDPDWASYTLGIFICLNCSGVHRNLPDISRVKSIRLDFWEDELVEFMKENGNL 78

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1622878374  84 RVKAKFEARVPAFYYIPQANDCLVLKEQWIRAKY 117
Cdd:cd08844    79 KAKAKFEAFVPPFYYRPQANDCDVLKEQWIRAKY 112

ArfGAP with dual PH domains Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, repeat 1; ADAP (also called centaurin alpha) is a phophatidlyinositide binding protein consisting of an N-terminal ArfGAP domain and two PH domains. In response to growth factor activation, PI3K phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. Centaurin alpha 1 is recruited to the plasma membrane following growth factor stimulation by specific binding of its PH domain to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. Centaurin alpha 2 is constitutively bound to the plasma membrane since it binds phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate with equal affinity. This cd contains the first PH domain repeat. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1622878374 133 GNREGFLWKRGRDNSQFLRRRFVLLAREGLLKYYTKEGGKNPKAVISIKDLNATFQTEKIGHPHGLQITYRRDGHIRNLF 212
Cdd:cd13252     1 GSKEGFLWKRGKDNNQFKQRKFVLSEREGTLKYFVKEDAKEPKAVISIEELNATFQPEKIGHPNGLQITYLKDGSTRNIF 80

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1622878374 213 VYHESGKEIVDWFNALRAARLQYLKLAFP 241
Cdd:cd13252    81 VYHEDGKEIVDWYNAIRAARLHYLQVAFP 109

GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for the ADP ribosylation factors (ARFs); ArfGAPs are a family of proteins containing an ArfGAP catalytic domain that induces the hydrolysis of GTP bound to the small guanine nucleotide-binding protein Arf, a member of the Ras superfamily of GTPases. Like all GTP-binding proteins, Arf proteins function as molecular switches, cycling between GTP (active-membrane bound) and GDP (inactive-cytosolic) form. Conversion to the GTP-bound form requires a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), whereas conversion to the GDP-bound form is catalyzed by a GTPase activating protein (GAP). In that sense, ArfGAPs were originally proposed to function as terminators of Arf signaling, which is mediated by regulating Arf family GTP-binding proteins. However, recent studies suggest that ArfGAPs can also function as Arf effectors, independently of their GAP enzymatic activity to transduce signals in cells. The ArfGAP domain contains a C4-type zinc finger motif and a conserved arginine that is required for activity, within a specific spacing (CX2CX16CX2CX4R). ArfGAPs, which have multiple functional domains, regulate the membrane trafficking and actin cytoskeleton remodeling via specific interactions with signaling lipids such as phosphoinositides and trafficking proteins, which consequently affect cellular events such as cell growth, migration, and cancer invasion. The ArfGAP family, which includes 31 human ArfGAP-domain containing proteins, is divided into 10 subfamilies based on domain structure and sequence similarity. The ArfGAP nomenclature is mainly based on the protein domain structure. For example, ASAP1 contains ArfGAP, SH3, ANK repeat and PH domains; ARAPs contain ArfGAP, Rho GAP, ANK repeat and PH domains; ACAPs contain ArfGAP, BAR (coiled coil), ANK repeat and PH domains; and AGAPs contain Arf GAP, GTP-binding protein-like, ANK repeat and PH domains. Furthermore, the ArfGAPs can be classified into two major types of subfamilies, according to the overall domain structure: the ArfGAP1 type includes 6 subfamilies (ArfGAP1, ArfGAP2/3, ADAP, SMAP, AGFG, and GIT), which contain the ArfGAP domain at the N-terminus of the protein; and the AZAP type includes 4 subfamilies (ASAP, ACAP, AGAP, and ARAP), which contain an ArfGAP domain between the PH and ANK repeat domains.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1622878374  11 LLELLRAPdtGNAYCADCGAADPDWASYKLGIFICLNCCGVHRNF-PDISRVKSVRLDFWDDSIVEFMTHNGNLRVKAKF 89
Cdd:cd08204     1 LEELLKLP--GNKVCADCGAPDPRWASINLGVFICIRCSGIHRSLgVHISKVRSLTLDSWTPEQVELMKAIGNARANAYY 78

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1622878374  90 EARVPAFYYIPQANDCLVLKEQWIRAKY 117
Cdd:cd08204    79 EANLPPGFKKPTPDSSDEEREQFIRAKY 106

Putative GTP-ase activating proteins for the small GTPase, ARF; Putative zinc fingers with GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) towards the small GTPase, Arf. The GAP of ARD1 stimulates GTPase hydrolysis for ARD1 but not ARFs.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1622878374   12 LELLRApDTGNAYCADCGAADPDWASYKLGIFICLNCCGVHRN-FPDISRVKSVRLDFWDDSIVEFMTHNGNLRVKAKFE 90
Cdd:smart00105   1 LKLLRS-IPGNKKCFDCGAPNPTWASVNLGVFLCIECSGIHRSlGVHISKVRSLTLDTWTEEELRLLQKGGNENANSIWE 79

                           90       100       110
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1622878374   91 ARVPAFYYIPQANDCLVLKEQWIRAKYERREF 122
Cdd:smart00105  80 SNLDDFSLKPPDDDDQQKYESFIAAKYEEKLF 111

ArfGAP with dual PH domains Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, repeat 2; ADAP (also called centaurin alpha) is a phophatidlyinositide binding protein consisting of an N-terminal ArfGAP domain and two PH domains. In response to growth factor activation, PI3K phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. Centaurin alpha 1 is recruited to the plasma membrane following growth factor stimulation by specific binding of its PH domain to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. Centaurin alpha 2 is constitutively bound to the plasma membrane since it binds phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate with equal affinity. This cd contains the second PH domain repeat. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1622878374 255 NYLKQGFMEKTGPK------------------------DAFEQGQVFLGNKEQGYEVYEDLPKGIRGnRWKAGLTIVTPE 310
Cdd:cd01251     1 DFLKEGYLEKTGPKqtdgfrkrwftlddrrlmyfkdplDAFPKGEIFIGSKEEGYSVREGLPPGIKG-HWGFGFTLVTPD 79

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1622878374 311 RRYVLTCPNEKEQQEWLESLRGVLSS 336
Cdd:cd01251    80 RTFLLSAETEEERREWITAIQKVLER 105

ArfGAP with GTPase domain, ANK repeat and PH domains; The AGAP subfamily of ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating proteins (Arf GAPs) includes three members: AGAP1-3. In addition to the Arf GAP domain, AGAP proteins contain GTP-binding protein-like, ANK repeat and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains. AGAP1 and AGAP2 have phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2)-mediated GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity preferentially toward Arf1, and function in the endocytic system. AGAP1 and AGAP2 independently regulate AP-3 endosomes and AP-1/Rab4 fast recycling endosomes, respectively. AGAP1, via its PH domain, directly interacts with the adapter protein 3 (AP-3), which is a coat protein involved in trafficking in the endosomal-lysosomal system, and regulates AP-3-dependent trafficking. In other hand, AGAP2 specifically binds the clathrin adaptor protein AP-1 and regulates the AP-1/Rab-4 dependent endosomal trafficking. AGAP2 is overexpressed in different human cancers including prostate carcinoma and glioblastoma, and promotes cancer cell invasion. AGAP3 exists as a component of the NMDA receptor complex that regulates Arf6 and Ras/ERK signaling pathways. Moreover, AGAP3 regulates AMPA receptor trafficking through the ArfGAP domain. Together, AGAP3 is believed to involve in linking NMDA receptor activation to AMPA receptor trafficking.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1622878374  21 GNAYCADCGAADPDWASYKLGIFICLNCCGVHRNF-PDISRVKSVRLDFWDDSIVEFMTHNGNLRVKAKFEARVPAfYYI 99
Cdd:cd08836    11 GNDHCVDCGAPNPDWASLNLGALMCIECSGIHRNLgTHISRVRSLDLDDWPVELLKVMSAIGNDLANSVWEGNTQG-RTK 89

                          90
                  ....*....|....*....
gi 1622878374 100 PQANDCLVLKEQWIRAKYE 118
Cdd:cd08836    90 PTPDSSREEKERWIRAKYE 108

Stromal membrane-associated protein 2; a subfamily of the ArfGAP family; The SMAP subfamily of Arf GTPase-activating proteins consists of the two structurally-related members, SMAP1 and SMAP2. Each SMAP member exhibits common and distinct functions in vesicle trafficking. They both bind to clathrin heavy chain molecules and are involved in the trafficking of clathrin-coated vesicles. SMAP1 preferentially exhibits GAP toward Arf6, while SMAP2 prefers Arf1 as a substrate. SMAP1 is involved in Arf6-dependent vesicle trafficking, but not Arf6-mediated actin cytoskeleton reorganization, and regulates clathrin-dependent endocytosis of the transferrin receptors and E-cadherin. SMAP2 regulates Arf1-dependent retrograde transport of TGN38/46 from the early endosome to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). SMAP2 has the Clathrin Assembly Lymphoid Myeloid (CALM)-binding domain, but SMAP1 does not.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1622878374  22 NAYCADCGAADPDWASYKLGIFICLNCCGVHRNFP-DISRVKSVRLDFWDDSIVEFMTHNGNLRVKAKFEARVPAFYYIP 100
Cdd:cd08859    10 NKFCADCQSKGPRWASWNIGVFICIRCAGIHRNLGvHISRVKSVNLDQWTQEQIQCMQEMGNGKANRLYEAFLPENFRRP 89

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|.
gi 1622878374 101 QANDCLvlkEQWIRAKYERRE 121
Cdd:cd08859    90 QTDQAV---EGFIRDKYEKKK 107

Arf1 GTPase-activating protein 1; ArfGAP (ADP Ribosylation Factor GTPase Activating Protein) domain is a part of ArfGap1-like proteins that play a crucial role in controlling of membrane trafficking, particularly in the formation of COPI (coat protein complex I)-coated vesicles on Golgi membranes. The ArfGAP1 protein subfamily consists of three members: ArfGAP1 (Gcs1p in yeast), ArfGAP2 and ArfGAP3 (both are homologs of yeast Glo3p). ArfGAP2/3 are closely related, but with little similarity to ArfGAP1, except the catalytic ArfGAP domain. They promote hydrolysis of GTP bound to the small G protein ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1), which leads to the dissociation of coat proteins from Golgi-derived membranes and vesicles. Dissociation of the coat proteins is required for the fusion of these vesicles with target compartments. Thus, the GAP catalytic activity plays a key role in the formation of COPI vesicles from Golgi membrane. In contrast to ArfGAP1, which displays membrane curvature-dependent ArfGAP activity, ArfGAP2 and ArfGAP3 activities are dependent on coatomer (the core COPI complex) which required for efficient recruitment of ArfGAP2 and ArfGAP3 to the Golgi membrane. Accordingly, ArfGAP2/3 has been implicated in coatomer-mediated protein transport between the Golgi complex and the endoplasmic reticulum. Unlike ArfGAP1, which is controlled by membrane curvature through its amphipathic lipid packing sensor (ALPS) motifs, ArfGAP2/3 do not possess ALPS motif.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1622878374   8 KKRLLELLRAPdtGNAYCADCGAADPDWASYKLGIFICLNCCGVHRNFP-DISRVKSVRLDFWDDSIVEFMTHNGNLRVK 86
Cdd:cd08830     2 RAVLRELQKLP--GNNRCFDCGAPNPQWASVSYGIFICLECSGVHRGLGvHISFVRSITMDSWSEKQLKKMELGGNAKLR 79

                  ....
gi 1622878374  87 AKFE 90
Cdd:cd08830    80 EFFE 83

ArfGAP domain of ACAP1 (ArfGAP with Coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domains 1); ACAP1 belongs to the ACAP subfamily of GAPs (GTPase-activating proteins) for the small GTPase Arf (ADP-ribosylation factor). ACAP subfamily of ArfGAPs are composed of Coiled coli (BAR, Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs), PH, ArfGAP and ANK repeats domains. ACAP1 (centaurin beta1) and ACAP2 centaurin beta2) have a GAP (GTPase-activating protein) activity preferentially toward Arf6, which regulates endocytic recycling. Both ACAP1/2 are activated by are activated by the phosphoinositides, PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,5)P2. ACAP1 binds specifically with recycling cargo proteins such as transferrin receptor (TfR) and cellubrevin. Thus, ACAP1 promotes cargo sorting to enhance TfR recycling from the recycling endosome. In addition, phosphorylation of ACAP by Akt, a serine/threonine protein kinase, regulates the recycling of integrin beta1 to control cell migration. In contrast, ACAP2 does not exhibit a similar interaction with the recycling cargo proteins. It has been shown that ACAP2 functions both as an effector of Ras-related protein Rab35 and as an Arf6-GTPase-activating protein (GAP) during neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. Moreover, ACAP2, together with Rab35, regulates phagocytosis in mammalian macrophages. ACAP3 also positively regulates neurite outgrowth through its GAP activity specific to Arf6 in mouse hippocampal neurons.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1622878374  13 ELLRAPdtGNAYCADCGAADPDWASYKLGIFICLNCCGVHRNFP-DISRVKSVRLDFWDDSIVEFMTHNGNLRVKAKFEA 91
Cdd:cd08852     6 QVQSVD--GNAQCCDCREPAPEWASINLGVTLCIQCSGIHRSLGvHFSKVRSLTLDSWEPELVKLMCELGNVIINQIYEA 83

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1622878374  92 RVPAFYY-IPQANDCLVLKEQWIRAKYERREFM 123
Cdd:cd08852    84 RIEAMAIkKPGPSSSRQEKEAWIRAKYVEKKFI 116

ArfGAP domain of ACAP3 (ArfGAP with Coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domains 3); ACAP3 belongs to the ACAP subfamily of GAPs (GTPase-activating proteins) for the small GTPase Arf (ADP-ribosylation factor). ACAP subfamily of ArfGAPs are composed of Coiled coli (BAR, Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs), PH, ArfGAP and ANK repeats domains. It has been shown that ACAP3 positively regulates neurite outgrowth through its GAP activity specific to Arf6 in mouse hippocampal neurons. ACAP1 (centaurin beta1) and ACAP2 centaurin beta2) also have a GAP (GTPase-activating protein) activity preferentially toward Arf6, which regulates endocytic recycling. Both ACAP1/2 are activated by are activated by the phosphoinositides, PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,5)P2. ACAP1 binds specifically with recycling cargo proteins such as transferrin receptor (TfR) and cellubrevin. Thus, ACAP1 promotes cargo sorting to enhance TfR recycling from the recycling endosome. In addition, phosphorylation of ACAP by Akt, a serine/threonine protein kinase, regulates the recycling of integrin beta1 to control cell migration. In contrast, ACAP2 does not exhibit a similar interaction with the recycling cargo proteins. It has been shown that ACAP2 functions both as an effector of Ras-related protein Rab35 and as an Arf6-GTPase-activating protein (GAP) during neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. Moreover, ACAP2, together with Rab35, regulates phagocytosis in mammalian macrophages.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1622878374  21 GNAYCADCGAADPDWASYKLGIFICLNCCGVHRNFP-DISRVKSVRLDFWDDSIVEFMTHNGNLRVKAKFEARVP-AFYY 98
Cdd:cd08850    12 GNDQCCDCGQPDPRWASINLGILLCIECSGIHRSLGvHCSKVRSLTLDSWEPELLKLMCELGNSTVNQIYEAQCEeLGLK 91

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1622878374  99 IPQANDCLVLKEQWIRAKYERREFM 123
Cdd:cd08850    92 KPTASSSRQDKEAWIKAKYVEKKFL 116

ArfGAP domain of ASAP (Arf GAP, SH3, ANK repeat and PH domains) subfamily of ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating proteins; The ArfGAPs are a family of multidomain proteins with a common catalytic domain that promotes the hydrolysis of GTP bound to Arf, thereby inactivating Arf signaling. ASAP-subfamily GAPs include three members: ASAP1, ASAP2, ASAP3. The ASAP subfamily comprises Arf GAP, SH3, ANK repeat and PH domains. From the N-terminus, each member has a BAR, PH, Arf GAP, ANK repeat, and proline rich domains. Unlike ASAP3, ASAP1 and ASAP2 also have an SH3 domain at the C-terminus. ASAP1 and ASAP2 show strong GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity toward Arf1 and Arf5 and weak activity toward Arf6. ASAP1 is a target of Src and FAK signaling that regulates focal adhesions, circular dorsal ruffles (CDR), invadopodia, and podosomes. ASAP1 GAP activity is synergistically stimulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidic acid. ASAP2 is believed to function as an ArfGAP that controls ARF-mediated vesicle budding when recruited to Golgi membranes. It also functions as a substrate and downstream target for protein tyrosine kinases Pyk2 and Src, a pathway that may be involved in the regulation of vesicular transport. ASAP3 is a focal adhesion-associated ArfGAP that functions in cell migration and invasion. Similar to ASAP1, the GAP activity of ASAP3 is strongly enhanced by PIP2 via PH domain. Like ASAP1, ASAP3 associates with focal adhesions and circular dorsal ruffles. However, unlike ASAP1, ASAP3 does not localize to invadopodia or podosomes. Both ASAP 1 and 3 have been implicated in oncogenesis, as ASAP1 is highly expressed in metastatic breast cancer and ASAP3 in hepatocellular carcinoma.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1622878374  21 GNAYCADCGAADPDWASYKLGIFICLNCCGVHRNFP-DISRVKSVRLDFWDDS---IVEFMthnGNLRVKAKFEARVPAf 96
Cdd:cd08834    14 GNDVCCDCGSPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGVHRELGvHVSRIQSLTLDNLGTSellLARNL---GNEGFNEIMEANLPP- 89

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1622878374  97 YYIPQANDCLVLKEQWIRAKYERREF 122
Cdd:cd08834    90 GYKPTPNSDMEERKDFIRAKYVEKKF 115

ArfGAP with GTPase domain, ANK repeat and PH domain 1; The AGAP subfamily of ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating proteins (Arf GAPs) includes three members: AGAP1-3. In addition to the Arf GAP domain, AGAP proteins contain GTP-binding protein-like, ANK repeat and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains. AGAP1 and AGAP2 have phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2)-mediated GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity preferentially toward Arf1, and function in the endocytic system. AGAP1 and AGAP2 independently regulate AP-3 endosomes and AP-1/Rab4 fast recycling endosomes, respectively. AGAP1, via its PH domain, directly interacts with the adapter protein 3 (AP-3), which is a coat protein involved in trafficking in the endosomal-lysosomal system, and regulates AP-3-dependent trafficking. In other hand, AGAP2 specifically binds the clathrin adaptor protein AP-1 and regulates the AP-1/Rab-4 dependent endosomal trafficking. AGAP2 is overexpressed in different human cancers including prostate carcinoma and glioblastoma, and promotes cancer cell invasion. AGAP3 exists as a component of the NMDA receptor complex that regulates Arf6 and Ras/ERK signaling pathways. Moreover, AGAP3 regulates AMPA receptor trafficking through the ArfGAP domain. Together, AGAP3 is believed to involve in linking NMDA receptor activation to AMPA receptor trafficking.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1622878374  21 GNAYCADCGAADPDWASYKLGIFICLNCCGVHRNF-PDISRVKSVRLDFWDDSIVEFMTHNGNLRVKAKFEARVPAfYYI 99
Cdd:cd08854    12 GNSLCVDCGAPNPTWASLNLGALICIECSGIHRNLgTHLSRVRSLDLDDWPRELTLVLTAIGNHMANSIWESCTQG-RTK 90

                          90
                  ....*....|....*....
gi 1622878374 100 PQANDCLVLKEQWIRAKYE 118
Cdd:cd08854    91 PAPDSSREERESWIRAKYE 109

ArfGap with Rho-Gap domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing proteins; The ARAP subfamily includes three members, ARAP1-3, and belongs to the ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating proteins (Arf GAPs) family of proteins that promotes the hydrolysis of GTP bound to Arf, thereby inactivating Arf signaling. The function of Arfs is dependent on GAPs and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which allow Arfs to cycle between the GDP-bound and GTP-bound forms. In addition to the Arf GAP domain, ARAPs contain the SAM (sterile-alpha motif) domain, 5 pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, the Rho-GAP domain, the Ras-association domain, and ANK repeats. ARAPs show phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3)-dependent GAP activity toward Arf6. ARAPs play important roles in endocytic trafficking, cytoskeleton reorganization in response to growth factors stimulation, and focal adhesion dynamics.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1622878374  21 GNAYCADCGAADPDWASYKLGIFICLNCCGVHRNF-PDISRVKSVRLD--FWDDSIVEFMTHNGNLRVKAKFEARVPA 95
Cdd:cd08837    12 ANRFCADCGAPDPDWASINLCVVICKQCAGEHRSLgSNISKVRSLKMDtkVWTEELVELFLKLGNDRANRFWAANLPP 89

ArfGAP domain of ASAP1 (ArfGAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1); The ArfGAPs are a family of multidomain proteins with a common catalytic domain that promotes the hydrolysis of GTP bound to Arf, thereby inactivating Arf signaling. ASAP-subfamily GAPs include three members: ASAP1, ASAP2, ASAP3. The ASAP subfamily comprises Arf GAP, SH3, ANK repeat and PH domains. From the N-terminus, each member has a BAR, PH, Arf GAP, ANK repeat, and proline rich domains. Unlike ASAP3, ASAP1 and ASAP2 also have an SH3 domain at the C-terminus. ASAP1 and ASAP2 show strong GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity toward Arf1 and Arf5 and weak activity toward Arf6. ASAP1 is a target of Src and FAK signaling that regulates focal adhesions, circular dorsal ruffles (CDR), invadopodia, and podosomes. ASAP1 GAP activity is synergistically stimulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidic acid. ASAP2 is believed to function as an ArfGAP that controls ARF-mediated vesicle budding when recruited to Golgi membranes. It also functions as a substrate and downstream target for protein tyrosine kinases Pyk2 and Src, a pathway that may be involved in the regulation of vesicular transport. ASAP3 is a focal adhesion-associated ArfGAP that functions in cell migration and invasion. Similar to ASAP1, the GAP activity of ASAP3 is strongly enhanced by PIP2 via PH domain. Like ASAP1, ASAP3 associates with focal adhesions and circular dorsal ruffles. However, unlike ASAP1, ASAP3 does not localize to invadopodia or podosomes. ASAP 1 and 3 have been implicated in oncogenesis, as ASAP1 is highly expressed in metastatic breast cancer and ASAP3 in hepatocellular carcinoma.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1622878374  13 ELLRAPdtGNAYCADCGAADPDWASYKLGIFICLNCCGVHRNFP-DISRVKSVRLDFWDDSIVEFMTHNGNLRVKAKFEA 91
Cdd:cd08848     8 DVQRLP--GNEVCCDCGSPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGIHREMGvHISRIQSLELDKLGTSELLLAKNVGNNSFNDIMEG 85

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1622878374  92 RVPAFYYIPQANDCLVLKEQWIRAKYERREF 122
Cdd:cd08848    86 NLPSPSPKPSPSSDMTARKEYITAKYVEHRF 116

ArfGAP domain of the AGFG subfamily (ArfGAP domain and FG repeat-containing proteins); The ArfGAP domain and FG repeat-containing proteins (AFGF) subfamily of Arf GTPase-activating proteins consists of the two structurally-related members: AGFG1 and AGFG2. AGFG1 (alias: HIV-1 Rev binding protein, HRB; Rev interacting protein, RIP; Rev/Rex activating domain-binding protein, RAB) and AGFG2 are involved in the maintenance and spread of immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. The ArfGAP domain of AGFG is related to nucleoporins, which is a class of proteins that mediate nucleocytoplasmic transport. AGFG plays a role in the Rev export pathway, which mediates the nucleocytoplasmic transfer of proteins and RNAs, possibly together by the nuclear export receptor CRM1. In humans, the presence of the FG repeat motifs (11 in AGFG1 and 7 in AGFG2) are thought to be required for these proteins to act as HIV-1 Rev cofactors. Hence, AGFG promotes movement of Rev-responsive element-containing RNAs from the nuclear periphery to the cytoplasm, which is an essential step for HIV-1 replication.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1622878374   9 KRLLELLRAPDtgNAYCADCGAADPDWASYKLGIFICLNCCGVHRNFPdiSRVKSVRLDFWDDSIVEFMTHNGNLRVKAK 88
Cdd:cd08838     2 KILRELLKLPE--NKRCFDCGQRGPTYVNLTFGTFVCTTCSGIHREFN--HRVKSISMSTFTPEEVEFLQAGGNEVARKI 77

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1622878374  89 FEARV-PAFYYIPQANDCLVLKEqWIRAKYERREFMA 124
Cdd:cd08838    78 WLAKWdPRTDPEPDSGDDQKIRE-FIRLKYVDKRWYD 113

ArfGap with Rho-Gap domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1; The ARAP subfamily includes three members, ARAP1-3, and belongs to the ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating proteins (Arf GAPs) family of proteins that promotes the hydrolysis of GTP bound to Arf, thereby inactivating Arf signaling. The function of Arfs is dependent on GAPs and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which allow Arfs to cycle between the GDP-bound and GTP-bound forms. In addition to the Arf GAP domain, ARAPs contain the SAM (sterile-alpha motif) domain, 5 pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, the Rho-GAP domain, the Ras-association domain, and ANK repeats. ARAPs show phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3)-dependent GAP activity toward Arf6. ARAPs play important roles in endocytic trafficking, cytoskeleton reorganization in response to growth factors stimulation, and focal adhesion dynamics. ARAP1 localizes to the plasma membrane, the Golgi complex, and endosomal compartments. It displays PI(3,4,5)P3-dependent ArfGAP activity that regulates Arf-, RhoA-, and Cdc42-dependent cellular events. For example, ARAP1 inhibits the trafficking of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to the early endosome.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1622878374  21 GNAYCADCGAADPDWASYKLGIFICLNCCGVHRNF-PDISRVKSVRLD--FWDDSIVEFMTHNGNLRVKAKFEARVP 94
Cdd:cd17901    12 SNRFCADCGSPKPDWASVNLCVVICKRCAGEHRGLgPSVSKVRSLKMDrkVWTEELIELFLLLGNGKANQFWAANVP 88

ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein AGD10; Provisional

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1622878374   7 NKKRLLELLRApDTGNAYCADCGAADPDWASYKLGIFICLNCCGVHRNFP-DISRVKSVRLDFWDDSIVEFMTHNGNLRV 85
Cdd:PLN03114    8 DKISVFKKLKA-KSDNKICFDCNAKNPTWASVTYGIFLCIDCSAVHRSLGvHISFVRSTNLDSWSSEQLKMMIYGGNNRA 86

                  ....*
gi 1622878374  86 KAKFE 90
Cdd:PLN03114   87 QVFFK 91

GIT2 GTPase activating protein for Arf; The GIT (G-protein coupled receptor kinase-interacting protein) subfamily includes GIT1 and GIT2, which have three ANK repeats, a Spa-homology domain (SHD), a coiled-coil domain and a C-terminal paxillin-binding site (PBS). The GIT1/2 proteins are GTPase-activating proteins that function as an inactivator of Arf signaling, and interact with the PIX/Cool family of Rac/Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Unlike other ArfGAPs, GIT and PIX (Pak-interacting exchange factor) proteins are tightly associated to form an oligomeric complex that acts as a scaffold and signal integrator that can be recruited for multiple signaling pathways. The GIT/PIX complex functions as a signaling scaffold by binding to specific protein partners. As a result, the complex is transported to specific cellular locations. For instance, the GIT partners paxillin or integrin-alpha4 (to focal adhesions), piccolo and liprin-alpha (to synapses), and the beta-PIX partner Scribble (to epithelial cell-cell contacts and synapses). Moreover, the GIT/PIT complex functions to integrate signals from multiple GTP-binding protein and protein kinase pathways to regulate the actin cytoskeleton and thus cell polarity, adhesion and migration.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1622878374  15 LRAPDTgnayCADCGAADPDWASYKLGIFICLNCCGVHRNF-PDISRVKSVRLDFWDDSI---VEFMTHNG 81
Cdd:cd08847     5 LRSSEV----CADCSTSDPRWASVNRGVLICDECCSVHRSLgRHISQVRHLKHTSWPPTLlqmVQTLYNNG 71

GIT1 GTPase activating protein for Arf; The GIT (G-protein coupled receptor kinase-interacting protein) subfamily includes GIT1 and GIT2, which have three ANK repeats, a Spa-homology domain (SHD), a coiled-coil domain and a C-terminal paxillin-binding site (PBS). The GIT1/2 proteins are GTPase-activating proteins that function as an inactivator of Arf signaling, and interact with the PIX/Cool family of Rac/Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Unlike other ArfGAPs, GIT and PIX (Pak-interacting exchange factor) proteins are tightly associated to form an oligomeric complex that acts as a scaffold and signal integrator that can be recruited for multiple signaling pathways. The GIT/PIX complex functions as a signaling scaffold by binding to specific protein partners. As a result, the complex is transported to specific cellular locations. For instance, the GIT partners paxillin or integrin-alpha4 (to focal adhesions), piccolo and liprin-alpha (to synapses), and the beta-PIX partner Scribble (to epithelial cell-cell contacts and synapses). Moreover, the GIT/PIT complex functions to integrate signals from multiple GTP-binding protein and protein kinase pathways to regulate the actin cytoskeleton and thus cell polarity, adhesion and migration.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1622878374  25 CADCGAADPDWASYKLGIFICLNCCGVHRNF-PDISRVKSVRLDFWDDSIVEfMTH 79
Cdd:cd08846    11 CADCSAPDPGWASINRGVLICDECCSVHRSLgRHISIVKHLRHSAWPPTLLQ-MVH 65

Sesquipedalian family Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; The sesquipedalian family has 2 mammalian members: Ses1 and Ses2, which are also callled 7 kDa inositol polyphosphate phosphatase-interacting protein 1 and 2. They play a role in endocytic trafficking and are required for receptor recycling from endosomes, both to the trans-Golgi network and the plasma membrane. Members of this family form homodimers and heterodimers. Sesquipedalian interacts with inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase OCRL-1 (INPP5F) also known as Lowe oculocerebrorenal syndrome protein, a phosphatase enzyme that is involved in actin polymerization and is found in the trans-Golgi network and INPP5B. Sesquipedalian contains a single PH domain. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1622878374 132 PGNREGFLWKRGRDNSQFLRRRFVLlaREGLLKYYTKEGGKNPKAVISIKdlNATFQTEKIGHPHGLQITYRRDGHiRNL 211
Cdd:cd13288     7 PVDKEGYLWKKGERNTSYQKRWFVL--KGNLLFYFEKKGDREPLGVIVLE--GCTVELAEDAEPYAFAIRFDGPGA-RSY 81

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1622878374 212 FVYHESGKEIVDWFNALRAARLQYLKLAFPEL 243
Cdd:cd13288    82 VLAAENQEDMESWMKALSRASYDYLRLTVEEL 113

Pleckstrin homology domain; Domain commonly found in eukaryotic signalling proteins. The domain family possesses multiple functions including the abilities to bind inositol phosphates, and various proteins. PH domains have been found to possess inserted domains (such as in PLC gamma, syntrophins) and to be inserted within other domains. Mutations in Brutons tyrosine kinase (Btk) within its PH domain cause X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) in patients. Point mutations cluster into the positively charged end of the molecule around the predicted binding site for phosphatidylinositol lipids.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1622878374  135 REGFLWKRGRDNSQFLRRRFVLLaREGLLKYYTKE---GGKNPKAVISIKDLNATFQTE--KIGHPHGLQITYRRDghiR 209
Cdd:smart00233   3 KEGWLYKKSGGGKKSWKKRYFVL-FNSTLLYYKSKkdkKSYKPKGSIDLSGCTVREAPDpdSSKKPHCFEIKTSDR---K 78

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|..
gi 1622878374  210 NLFVYHESGKEIVDWFNALRAA 231
Cdd:smart00233  79 TLLLQAESEEEREKWVEALRKA 100

PH domain; PH stands for pleckstrin homology.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1622878374 135 REGFLWKRGRDNSQFLRRRFVLLAREGLLkYYTKEGG---KNPKAVISIKDL--NATFQTEKIGHPHGLQITYRRDGHIR 209
Cdd:pfam00169   3 KEGWLLKKGGGKKKSWKKRYFVLFDGSLL-YYKDDKSgksKEPKGSISLSGCevVEVVASDSPKRKFCFELRTGERTGKR 81

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|..
gi 1622878374 210 NLFVYHESGKEIVDWFNALRAA 231
Cdd:pfam00169  82 TYLLQAESEEERKDWIKAIQSA 103