Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of Downstream of tyrosine kinase 4, 5, and 6 proteins; The Dok family adapters are phosphorylated by different protein tyrosine kinases. Dok proteins are involved in processes such as modulation of cell differentiation and proliferation, as well as in control of the cell spreading and migration The Dok protein contains an N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain followed by a central phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain, which has a PH-like fold, and a proline- and tyrosine-rich C-terminal tail. The PH domain binds to acidic phospholids and localizes proteins to the plasma membrane, while the PTB domain mediates protein-protein interactions by binding to phosphotyrosine-containing motifs. The C-terminal part of Dok contains multiple tyrosine phosphorylation sites that serve as potential docking sites for Src homology 2-containing proteins such as ras GTPase-activating protein and Nck, leading to inhibition of ras signaling pathway activation and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and c-Jun activation, respectively. There are 7 mammalian Dok members: Dok-1 to Dok-7. Dok-1 and Dok-2 act as negative regulators of the Ras-Erk pathway downstream of many immunoreceptor-mediated signaling systems, and it is believed that recruitment of p120 rasGAP by Dok-1 and Dok-2 is critical to their negative regulation. Dok-3 is a negative regulator of the activation of JNK and mobilization of Ca2+ in B-cell receptor-mediated signaling, interacting with SHIP-1 and Grb2. Dok-4- 6 play roles in protein tyrosine kinase(PTK)-mediated signaling in neural cells and Dok-7 is the key cytoplasmic activator of MuSK (Muscle-Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase). In general, PH domains have diverse functions, but are generally involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564344691   9 VKQGYVRIRSRRLGIYQRCWLVFKKASSKGPKRLEKFSDERAAYFRCYHKVTELNNVKNVARLPKSTKKHAIGIYFNDDT 88
Cdd:cd14678    1 VKQGYVRIRSRKLGIYRRCWLVFRKASSKGPKRLEKYPDERAAYLRACHKVTELSNVKNITRLPKETKRHAVAIIFTDDS 80

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*
gi 564344691  89 SKTFACESDLEADEWCKVLQIECVG 113
Cdd:cd14678   81 SKTFACDSELEAEEWCKVLSMECLG 105

Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of Downstream of tyrosine kinase 4, 5, and 6 proteins; The Dok family adapters are phosphorylated by different protein tyrosine kinases. Dok proteins are involved in processes such as modulation of cell differentiation and proliferation, as well as in control of the cell spreading and migration The Dok protein contains an N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain followed by a central phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain, which has a PH-like fold, and a proline- and tyrosine-rich C-terminal tail. The PH domain binds to acidic phospholids and localizes proteins to the plasma membrane, while the PTB domain mediates protein-protein interactions by binding to phosphotyrosine-containing motifs. The C-terminal part of Dok contains multiple tyrosine phosphorylation sites that serve as potential docking sites for Src homology 2-containing proteins such as ras GTPase-activating protein and Nck, leading to inhibition of ras signaling pathway activation and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and c-Jun activation, respectively. There are 7 mammalian Dok members: Dok-1 to Dok-7. Dok-1 and Dok-2 act as negative regulators of the Ras-Erk pathway downstream of many immunoreceptor-mediated signaling systems, and it is believed that recruitment of p120 rasGAP by Dok-1 and Dok-2 is critical to their negative regulation. Dok-3 is a negative regulator of the activation of JNK and mobilization of Ca2+ in B-cell receptor-mediated signaling, interacting with SHIP-1 and Grb2. Dok-4- 6 play roles in protein tyrosine kinase(PTK)-mediated signaling in neural cells and Dok-7 is the key cytoplasmic activator of MuSK (Muscle-Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase). In general, PH domains have diverse functions, but are generally involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564344691   9 VKQGYVRIRSRRLGIYQRCWLVFKKASSKGPKRLEKFSDERAAYFRCYHKVTELNNVKNVARLPKSTKKHAIGIYFNDDT 88
Cdd:cd14678    1 VKQGYVRIRSRKLGIYRRCWLVFRKASSKGPKRLEKYPDERAAYLRACHKVTELSNVKNITRLPKETKRHAVAIIFTDDS 80

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*
gi 564344691  89 SKTFACESDLEADEWCKVLQIECVG 113
Cdd:cd14678   81 SKTFACDSELEAEEWCKVLSMECLG 105

Phosphotyrosine-binding domain (IRS1-like);

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564344691   131 VEREQSERFNVYLMPSPNldvHGECALQITYEYICLWDIQNPRVKLISWPLSALRRYGRDTTWFTFEAGRMCETGEGLFI 210
Cdd:smart00310   1 KQFWVTIRKTEGLERCPL---SGSYRLRLTSEELVLWRGLNPRVELVVWPLLSLRRYGRDKVFFFFEAGRRCVSGPGEFT 77

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|..
gi 564344691   211 FQTRDGEAIYQKVHSAALAIAE 232
Cdd:smart00310  78 FQTVVAQEIFQLVLEAMQAQKN 99

Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain of Downstream of tyrosine kinase 4, 5, and 6 proteins; The Dok family adapters are phosphorylated by different protein tyrosine kinases. Dok proteins are involved in processes such as modulation of cell differentiation and proliferation, as well as in control of the cell spreading and migration The Dok protein contains an N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain followed by a central phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain, which has a PH-like fold, and a proline- and tyrosine-rich C-terminal tail. The PH domain binds to acidic phospholids and localizes proteins to the plasma membrane, while the PTB domain mediates protein-protein interactions by binding to phosphotyrosine-containing motifs. The C-terminal part of Dok contains multiple tyrosine phosphorylation sites that serve as potential docking sites for Src homology 2-containing proteins such as ras GTPase-activating protein and Nck, leading to inhibition of ras signaling pathway activation and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and c-Jun activation, respectively. There are 7 mammalian Dok members: Dok-1 to Dok-7. Dok-1 and Dok-2 act as negative regulators of the Ras-Erk pathway downstream of many immunoreceptor-mediated signaling systems, and it is believed that recruitment of p120 rasGAP by Dok-1 and Dok-2 is critical to their negative regulation. Dok-3 is a negative regulator of the activation of JNK and mobilization of Ca2+ in B-cell receptor-mediated signaling, interacting with SHIP-1 and Grb2. Dok-4- 6 play roles in protein tyrosine kinase(PTK)-mediated signaling in neural cells and Dok-7 is the key cytoplasmic activator of MuSK (Muscle-Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase). In general, PH domains have diverse functions, but are generally involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564344691   9 VKQGYVRIRSRRLGIYQRCWLVFKKASSKGPKRLEKFSDERAAYFRCYHKVTELNNVKNVARLPKSTKKHAIGIYFNDDT 88
Cdd:cd14678    1 VKQGYVRIRSRKLGIYRRCWLVFRKASSKGPKRLEKYPDERAAYLRACHKVTELSNVKNITRLPKETKRHAVAIIFTDDS 80

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*
gi 564344691  89 SKTFACESDLEADEWCKVLQIECVG 113
Cdd:cd14678   81 SKTFACDSELEAEEWCKVLSMECLG 105

Phosphotyrosine-binding domain (IRS1-like);

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564344691   131 VEREQSERFNVYLMPSPNldvHGECALQITYEYICLWDIQNPRVKLISWPLSALRRYGRDTTWFTFEAGRMCETGEGLFI 210
Cdd:smart00310   1 KQFWVTIRKTEGLERCPL---SGSYRLRLTSEELVLWRGLNPRVELVVWPLLSLRRYGRDKVFFFFEAGRRCVSGPGEFT 77

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|..
gi 564344691   211 FQTRDGEAIYQKVHSAALAIAE 232
Cdd:smart00310  78 FQTVVAQEIFQLVLEAMQAQKN 99

Fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 phosphotyrosine-binding domain; FRS2 (also called Suc1-associated neurotrophic factor (SNT)-induced tyrosine-phosphorylated target) proteins are membrane-anchored adaptor proteins. They are composed of an N-terminal myristoylation site followed by a phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain, which has a PH-like fold, and a C-terminal effector domain containing multiple tyrosine and serine/threonine phosphorylation site. The FRS2/SNT proteins show increased tyrosine phosphorylation by activated receptors, such as fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and TrkA, recruit SH2 domain containing proteins such as Grb2, and mediate signals from activated receptors to a variety of downstream pathways. The PTB domains of the SNT proteins directly interact with the canonical NPXpY motif of TrkA in a phosphorylationdependent manner, they directly bind to the juxtamembrane region of FGFR in a phosphorylation-independent manner. PTB domains have a common PH-like fold and are found in various eukaryotic signaling molecules. This domain was initially shown to binds peptides with a NPXY motif with differing requirements for phosphorylation of the tyrosine, although more recent studies have found that some types of PTB domains can bind to peptides lack tyrosine residues altogether. In contrast to SH2 domains, which recognize phosphotyrosine and adjacent carboxy-terminal residues, PTB-domain binding specificity is conferred by residues amino-terminal to the phosphotyrosine. PTB domains are classified into three groups: phosphotyrosine-dependent Shc-like, phosphotyrosine-dependent IRS-like, and phosphotyrosine-independent Dab-like PTB domains. This cd is part of the IRS-like subgroup.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 564344691 177 ISWPLSALRRYGRDTTWFTFEAGRMCETGEGLFIFQTRDGEAIYQKV 223
Cdd:cd01202   41 VRWPLLCLRRYGYDSNLFSFESGRRCATGEGIYAFKCKRAEELFNLV 87

Pleckstrin homology domain; Domain commonly found in eukaryotic signalling proteins. The domain family possesses multiple functions including the abilities to bind inositol phosphates, and various proteins. PH domains have been found to possess inserted domains (such as in PLC gamma, syntrophins) and to be inserted within other domains. Mutations in Brutons tyrosine kinase (Btk) within its PH domain cause X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) in patients. Point mutations cluster into the positively charged end of the molecule around the predicted binding site for phosphatidylinositol lipids.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564344691     8 IVKQGYVRIRS-RRLGIYQRCWLVFKkasskgPKRLEKFSDERAAYFRCYHKVTELNN--VKNVARLPKSTKKHAIGIYF 84
Cdd:smart00233   1 VIKEGWLYKKSgGGKKSWKKRYFVLF------NSTLLYYKSKKDKKSYKPKGSIDLSGctVREAPDPDSSKKPHCFEIKT 74

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|....
gi 564344691    85 NDDTSKTFACESDLEADEWCKVLQ 108
Cdd:smart00233  75 SDRKTLLLQAESEEEREKWVEALR 98

Downstream of tyrosine kinase 7 phosphotyrosine-binding domain (PTBi); The Dok family adapters are phosphorylated by different protein tyrosine kinases. Dok proteins are involved in processes such as modulation of cell differentiation and proliferation, as well as in control of the cell spreading and migration The Dok protein contains an N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain followed by a central phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain, which has a PH-like fold, and a proline- and tyrosine-rich C-terminal tail. The PH domain is binds to acidic phospholids and localizes proteins to the plasma membrane, while the PTB domain mediates protein-protein interactions by binding to phosphotyrosine-containing motifs. The C-terminal part of Dok contains multiple tyrosine phosphorylation sites that serve as potential docking sites for Src homology 2-containing proteins such as ras GTPase-activating protein and Nck, leading to inhibition of ras signaling pathway activation and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and c-Jun activation, respectively. There are 7 mammalian Dok members: Dok-1 to Dok-7. Dok-1 and Dok-2 act as negative regulators of the Ras-Erk pathway downstream of many immunoreceptor-mediated signaling systems, and it is believed that recruitment of p120 rasGAP by Dok-1 and Dok-2 is critical to their negative regulation. Dok-3 is a negative regulator of the activation of JNK and mobilization of Ca2+ in B-cell receptor-mediated signaling, interacting with SHIP-1 and Grb2. Dok-4- 6 play roles in protein tyrosine kinase(PTK)-mediated signaling in neural cells and Dok-7 is the key cytoplasmic activator of MuSK (Muscle-Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase). PTB domains have a common PH-like fold and are found in various eukaryotic signaling molecules. This domain was initially shown to binds peptides with a NPXY motif with differing requirements for phosphorylation of the tyrosine, although more recent studies have found that some types of PTB domains can bind to peptides lack tyrosine residues altogether. In contrast to SH2 domains, which recognize phosphotyrosine and adjacent carboxy-terminal residues, PTB-domain binding specificity is conferred by residues amino-terminal to the phosphotyrosine. PTB domains are classified into three groups: phosphotyrosine-dependent Shc-like, phosphotyrosine-dependent IRS-like, and phosphotyrosine-independent Dab-like PTB domains. This cd is part of the IRS-like subgroup.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564344691 138 RFNVYLMPSPNLDVhGECALQITYEYICLWDIQNPRVkLISWPLSALRRYGRDTTWFTFEAGRMCETGEGLFIFQTRDGE 217
Cdd:cd13165    6 RFPVVVAPGTKLES-GPATLHFCNDILVLARDVPPAV-LGQWKLSDLRRYGAVPGGFIFEGGTRCGKWAGVFFLSTEEGE 83

                 ..
gi 564344691 218 AI 219
Cdd:cd13165   84 QI 85

Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) molecules are mediators in insulin signaling and play a role in maintaining basic cellular functions such as growth and metabolism. They act as docking proteins between the insulin receptor and a complex network of intracellular signaling molecules containing Src homology 2 (SH2) domains. Four members (IRS-1, IRS-2, IRS-3, IRS-4) of this family have been identified that differ as to tissue distribution, subcellular localization, developmental expression, binding to the insulin receptor, and interaction with SH2 domain-containing proteins. IRS molecules have an N-terminal PH domain, followed by an IRS-like PTB domain which has a PH-like fold. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.cytoskeletal associated molecules, and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564344691   6 NDIVKQGYVR-IRSRRlgiyqRCWLVFKKASSKGPKRLEKFSDE----RAAYFRcyhKVTELNNVKNVARLPKSTKKHAI 80
Cdd:cd01257    1 TDVRKSGYLKkLKTMR-----KRYFVLRAESHGGPARLEYYENEkkfrRNAEPK---RVIPLSSCFNINKRADAKHKHLI 72

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 564344691  81 GIYFNDDTSkTFACESDLEADEWCKVL 107
Cdd:cd01257   73 ALYTKDECF-GLVAESEEEQDEWYQAL 98

Autophagy-related protein 26/Sterol 3-beta-glucosyltransferase Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, repeat 1; ATG26 (also called UGT51/UDP-glycosyltransferase 51), a member of the glycosyltransferase 28 family, resulting in the biosynthesis of sterol glucoside. ATG26 in decane metabolism and autophagy. There are 32 known autophagy-related (ATG) proteins, 17 are components of the core autophagic machinery essential for all autophagy-related pathways and 15 are the additional components required only for certain pathways or species. The core autophagic machinery includes 1) the ATG9 cycling system (ATG1, ATG2, ATG9, ATG13, ATG18, and ATG27), 2) the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex (ATG6/VPS30, ATG14, VPS15, and ATG34), and 3) the ubiquitin-like protein system (ATG3, ATG4, ATG5, ATG7, ATG8, ATG10, ATG12, and ATG16). Less is known about how the core machinery is adapted or modulated with additional components to accommodate the nonselective sequestration of bulk cytosol (autophagosome formation) or selective sequestration of specific cargos (Cvt vesicle, pexophagosome, or bacteria-containing autophagosome formation). The pexophagosome-specific additions include the ATG30-ATG11-ATG17 receptor-adaptors complex, the coiled-coil protein ATG25, and the sterol glucosyltransferase ATG26. ATG26 is necessary for the degradation of medium peroxisomes. It contains 2 GRAM domains and a single PH domain. PH domains are only found in eukaryotes. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. PH domains also have diverse functions. They are often involved in targeting proteins to the plasma membrane, but few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564344691   6 NDIVKQGYVRIRSRRLGIYQRCWLVFKKASskgpkrLEKFSDERAAYFRcyHKVTELNNVKNVARLPKS---TKKHAIGI 82
Cdd:cd13215   19 GAVIKSGYLSKRSKRTLRYTRYWFVLKGDT------LSWYNSSTDLYFP--AGTIDLRYATSIELSKSNgeaTTSFKIVT 90

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 564344691  83 yfnddTSKTFACESDLE--ADEWCKVLQ 108
Cdd:cd13215   91 -----NSRTYKFKADSEtsADEWVKALK 113