beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR) domain of fatty acid synthase (FAS), subgroup 2, complex (x); Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase, has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a short-chain dehydrogenases/reductase (SDR) family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerizes but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. In some instances, as in porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (a Rossman fold NAD binding domain of the MDR family) module is inserted between the sub-domains. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic asparagine and tyrosine are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular polyketide synthases are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) fatty acid synthase. In some instances, such as porcine FAS , an enoyl reductase module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consists of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthesis uses dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR), forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta-enoyl reductase (ER). Polyketide syntheses also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes the KR domain of the Lyngbya majuscule Jam J, -K, and #L which are encoded on the jam gene cluster and are involved in the synthesis of the Jamaicamides (neurotoxins); Lyngbya majuscule Jam P belongs to a different KR_FAS_SDR_x subfamily. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
:
Pssm-ID: 187658 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 376 Bit Score: 333.10 E-value: 3.48e-102
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the ...
1725-1808
1.58e-20
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the prosthetic group of acyl carrier proteins (ACP) in some multienzyme complexes where it serves as a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups.
:
Pssm-ID: 214834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 86 Bit Score: 87.69 E-value: 1.58e-20
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different ...
36-459
0e+00
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different products, called polyketides, by successive decarboxylating Claisen condensations. PKSs can be divided into 2 groups, modular type I PKSs consisting of one or more large multifunctional proteins and iterative type II PKSs, complexes of several monofunctional subunits.
Pssm-ID: 238429 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 421 Bit Score: 662.33 E-value: 0e+00
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the ...
38-461
8.68e-164
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 214836 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 298 Bit Score: 501.09 E-value: 8.68e-164
beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR) domain of fatty acid synthase (FAS), subgroup 2, complex (x); Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase, has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a short-chain dehydrogenases/reductase (SDR) family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerizes but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. In some instances, as in porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (a Rossman fold NAD binding domain of the MDR family) module is inserted between the sub-domains. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic asparagine and tyrosine are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular polyketide synthases are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) fatty acid synthase. In some instances, such as porcine FAS , an enoyl reductase module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consists of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthesis uses dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR), forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta-enoyl reductase (ER). Polyketide syntheses also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes the KR domain of the Lyngbya majuscule Jam J, -K, and #L which are encoded on the jam gene cluster and are involved in the synthesis of the Jamaicamides (neurotoxins); Lyngbya majuscule Jam P belongs to a different KR_FAS_SDR_x subfamily. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187658 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 376 Bit Score: 333.10 E-value: 3.48e-102
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar ...
36-285
2.22e-95
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family (pfam00108) and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains. The N-terminal domain contains most of the structures involved in dimer formation and also the active site cysteine.
Pssm-ID: 425468 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 251 Bit Score: 308.41 E-value: 2.22e-95
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this ...
37-854
2.41e-90
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this alignment are involved in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, such as the protein PfaA from the eicosapentaenoic acid biosynthesis operon in Photobacterium profundum strain SS9. PfaA is encoded together with PfaB, PfaC, and PfaD, and the functions of the individual polypeptides have not yet been described. More distant homologs of PfaA, also included with the reach of this model, appear to be involved in polyketide-like biosynthetic mechanisms of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, an alternative to the more familiar iterated mechanism of chain extension and desaturation, and in most cases are encoded near genes for homologs of PfaB, PfaC, and/or PfaD.
Pssm-ID: 274311 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 2582 Bit Score: 328.50 E-value: 2.41e-90
This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases; It catalyses the first step ...
1468-1638
1.13e-61
This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases; It catalyses the first step in the reductive modification of the beta-carbonyl centres in the growing polyketide chain. It uses NADPH to reduce the keto group to a hydroxy group.
Pssm-ID: 214833 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 180 Bit Score: 208.88 E-value: 1.13e-61
KR domain; This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases and catalyzes the ...
1453-1638
1.29e-59
KR domain; This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases and catalyzes the first step in the reductive modification of the beta-carbonyl centres in the growing polyketide chain. It uses NADPH to reduce the keto group to a hydroxy group.
Pssm-ID: 430138 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 180 Bit Score: 202.79 E-value: 1.29e-59
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the ...
1725-1808
1.58e-20
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the prosthetic group of acyl carrier proteins (ACP) in some multienzyme complexes where it serves as a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups.
Pssm-ID: 214834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 86 Bit Score: 87.69 E-value: 1.58e-20
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached ...
1739-1799
2.89e-08
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached through a serine. This prosthetic group acts as a a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups. This domain forms a four helix bundle. This family includes members not included in Prosite. The inclusion of these members is supported by sequence analysis and functional evidence. The related domain of Swiss:P19828 has the attachment serine replaced by an alanine.
Pssm-ID: 425746 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 62 Bit Score: 51.80 E-value: 2.89e-08
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different ...
36-459
0e+00
polyketide synthases (PKSs) polymerize simple fatty acids into a large variety of different products, called polyketides, by successive decarboxylating Claisen condensations. PKSs can be divided into 2 groups, modular type I PKSs consisting of one or more large multifunctional proteins and iterative type II PKSs, complexes of several monofunctional subunits.
Pssm-ID: 238429 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 421 Bit Score: 662.33 E-value: 0e+00
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the ...
38-461
8.68e-164
Beta-ketoacyl synthase; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 214836 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 298 Bit Score: 501.09 E-value: 8.68e-164
beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR) domain of fatty acid synthase (FAS), subgroup 2, complex (x); Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase, has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a short-chain dehydrogenases/reductase (SDR) family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerizes but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. In some instances, as in porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (a Rossman fold NAD binding domain of the MDR family) module is inserted between the sub-domains. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic asparagine and tyrosine are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular polyketide synthases are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) fatty acid synthase. In some instances, such as porcine FAS , an enoyl reductase module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consists of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthesis uses dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR), forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta-enoyl reductase (ER). Polyketide syntheses also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes the KR domain of the Lyngbya majuscule Jam J, -K, and #L which are encoded on the jam gene cluster and are involved in the synthesis of the Jamaicamides (neurotoxins); Lyngbya majuscule Jam P belongs to a different KR_FAS_SDR_x subfamily. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187658 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 376 Bit Score: 333.10 E-value: 3.48e-102
ketoreductase (KR), subgroup 1, complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain ...
1218-1701
1.18e-100
ketoreductase (KR), subgroup 1, complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes KR domains found in many multidomain PKSs, including six of seven Sorangium cellulosum PKSs (encoded by spiDEFGHIJ) which participate in the synthesis of the polyketide scaffold of the cytotoxic spiroketal polyketide spirangien. These seven PKSs have either a single PKS module (SpiF), two PKR modules (SpiD,-E,-I,-J), or three PKS modules (SpiG,-H). This subfamily includes the single KR domain of SpiF, the first KR domains of SpiE,-G,H,-I,and #J, the third KR domain of SpiG, and the second KR domain of SpiH. The second KR domains of SpiE,-G, I, and #J, and the KR domains of SpiD, belong to a different KR_FAS_SDR subfamily. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187655 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 480 Bit Score: 332.98 E-value: 1.18e-100
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar ...
36-285
2.22e-95
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, N-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family (pfam00108) and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains. The N-terminal domain contains most of the structures involved in dimer formation and also the active site cysteine.
Pssm-ID: 425468 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 251 Bit Score: 308.41 E-value: 2.22e-95
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this ...
37-854
2.41e-90
polyketide-type polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase PfaA; Members of the seed for this alignment are involved in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, such as the protein PfaA from the eicosapentaenoic acid biosynthesis operon in Photobacterium profundum strain SS9. PfaA is encoded together with PfaB, PfaC, and PfaD, and the functions of the individual polypeptides have not yet been described. More distant homologs of PfaA, also included with the reach of this model, appear to be involved in polyketide-like biosynthetic mechanisms of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, an alternative to the more familiar iterated mechanism of chain extension and desaturation, and in most cases are encoded near genes for homologs of PfaB, PfaC, and/or PfaD.
Pssm-ID: 274311 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 2582 Bit Score: 328.50 E-value: 2.41e-90
ketoreductase (KR) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of ...
1309-1684
9.51e-82
ketoreductase (KR) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. In some instances, such as porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (ER) module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consist of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthase uses a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-KR, forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta-ER. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187582 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 375 Bit Score: 274.26 E-value: 9.51e-82
3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase [Lipid transport and metabolism, Secondary ...
38-459
1.32e-66
3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase [Lipid transport and metabolism, Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism]; 3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) synthase is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Fatty acid biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 440073 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 409 Bit Score: 231.91 E-value: 1.32e-66
beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR) domain of fatty acid synthase (FAS), subgroup 3, complex (x); Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. In some instances, such as porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (ER) module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consists of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthesis uses a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-KR, forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta- ER. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes KR domains found in many multidomain PKSs, including six of seven Sorangium cellulosum PKSs (encoded by spiDEFGHIJ) which participate in the synthesis of the polyketide scaffold of the cytotoxic spiroketal polyketide spirangien. These seven PKSs have either a single PKS module (SpiF), two PKR modules (SpiD,-E,-I,-J), or three PKS modules (SpiG,-H). This subfamily includes the second KR domains of SpiE,-G, I, and -J, both KR domains of SpiD, and the third KR domain of SpiH. The single KR domain of SpiF, the first and second KR domains of SpiH, the first KR domains of SpiE,-G,- I, and -J, and the third KR domain of SpiG, belong to a different KR_FAS_SDR subfamily. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187659 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 448 Bit Score: 229.46 E-value: 2.69e-65
Beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase (KAS), type I and II. KASs are responsible ...
37-459
3.96e-64
Beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthase (KAS), type I and II. KASs are responsible for the elongation steps in fatty acid biosynthesis. KASIII catalyses the initial condensation and KAS I and II catalyze further elongation steps by Claisen condensation of malonyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) with acyl-ACP.
Pssm-ID: 238430 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 406 Bit Score: 224.73 E-value: 3.96e-64
This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases; It catalyses the first step ...
1468-1638
1.13e-61
This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases; It catalyses the first step in the reductive modification of the beta-carbonyl centres in the growing polyketide chain. It uses NADPH to reduce the keto group to a hydroxy group.
Pssm-ID: 214833 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 180 Bit Score: 208.88 E-value: 1.13e-61
decarboxylating condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a new ...
124-459
3.93e-60
decarboxylating condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze the formation of a new carbon-carbon bond by a decarboxylating Claisen-like condensation reaction. Members are involved in the synthesis of fatty acids and polyketides, a diverse group of natural products. Both pathways are an iterative series of additions of small carbon units, usually acetate, to a nascent acyl group. There are 2 classes of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, which can be distinguished by sequence similarity, type of active site residues and type of primer units (acetyl CoA or acyl carrier protein (ACP) linked units).
Pssm-ID: 238421 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 332 Bit Score: 210.57 E-value: 3.93e-60
KR domain; This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases and catalyzes the ...
1453-1638
1.29e-59
KR domain; This enzymatic domain is part of bacterial polyketide synthases and catalyzes the first step in the reductive modification of the beta-carbonyl centres in the growing polyketide chain. It uses NADPH to reduce the keto group to a hydroxy group.
Pssm-ID: 430138 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 180 Bit Score: 202.79 E-value: 1.29e-59
ketoreductase (KR), subgroup 2, complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain ...
1291-1684
1.10e-51
ketoreductase (KR), subgroup 2, complex (x) SDRs; Ketoreductase, a module of the multidomain polyketide synthase (PKS), has 2 subdomains, each corresponding to a SDR family monomer. The C-terminal subdomain catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the beta-carbonyl of a polyketide to a hydroxyl group, a step in the biosynthesis of polyketides, such as erythromycin. The N-terminal subdomain, an interdomain linker, is a truncated Rossmann fold which acts to stabilizes the catalytic subdomain. Unlike typical SDRs, the isolated domain does not oligomerize but is composed of 2 subdomains, each resembling an SDR monomer. The active site resembles that of typical SDRs, except that the usual positions of the catalytic Asn and Tyr are swapped, so that the canonical YXXXK motif changes to YXXXN. Modular PKSs are multifunctional structures in which the makeup recapitulates that found in (and may have evolved from) FAS. Polyketide synthesis also proceeds via the addition of 2-carbon units as in fatty acid synthesis. The complex SDR NADP-binding motif, GGXGXXG, is often present, but is not strictly conserved in each instance of the module. This subfamily includes both KR domains of the Bacillus subtilis Pks J,-L, and PksM, and all three KR domains of PksN, components of the megacomplex bacillaene synthase, which synthesizes the antibiotic bacillaene. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187656 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 436 Bit Score: 189.50 E-value: 1.10e-51
Malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase [Lipid transport and metabolism]; Malonyl ...
560-832
5.66e-49
Malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase [Lipid transport and metabolism]; Malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Fatty acid biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 440100 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 306 Bit Score: 177.24 E-value: 5.66e-49
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, C-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar ...
293-410
8.68e-48
Beta-ketoacyl synthase, C-terminal domain; The structure of beta-ketoacyl synthase is similar to that of the thiolase family (pfam00108) and also chalcone synthase. The active site of beta-ketoacyl synthase is located between the N and C-terminal domains.
Pssm-ID: 426989 Cd Length: 118 Bit Score: 166.59 E-value: 8.68e-48
"elongating" condensing enzymes are a subclass of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, ...
36-459
2.86e-43
"elongating" condensing enzymes are a subclass of decarboxylating condensing enzymes, including beta-ketoacyl [ACP] synthase, type I and II and polyketide synthases.They are characterized by the utlization of acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesters as primer substrates, as well as the nature of their active site residues.
Pssm-ID: 238424 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 407 Bit Score: 163.76 E-value: 2.86e-43
malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase; This enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis ...
560-836
1.85e-37
malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein transacylase; This enzyme of fatty acid biosynthesis transfers the malonyl moeity from coenzyme A to acyl-carrier protein. The seed alignment for this family of proteins contains a single member each from a number of bacterial species but also an additional pair of closely related, uncharacterized proteins from B. subtilis, one of which has a long C-terminal extension. [Fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism, Biosynthesis]
Pssm-ID: 272922 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 290 Bit Score: 143.38 E-value: 1.85e-37
Polyketide synthase dehydratase; This is the dehydratase domain of polyketide synthases. ...
937-1212
1.69e-33
Polyketide synthase dehydratase; This is the dehydratase domain of polyketide synthases. Structural analysis shows these DH domains are double hotdogs in which the active site contains a histidine from the N-terminal hotdog and an aspartate from the C-terminal hotdog. Studies have uncovered that a substrate tunnel formed between the DH domains may be essential for loading substrates and unloading products.
Pssm-ID: 434191 Cd Length: 296 Bit Score: 132.11 E-value: 1.69e-33
Condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze a (decarboxylating or non-decarboxylating) ...
124-459
2.50e-32
Condensing enzymes; Family of enzymes that catalyze a (decarboxylating or non-decarboxylating) Claisen-like condensation reaction. Members are share strong structural similarity, and are involved in the synthesis and degradation of fatty acids, and the production of polyketides, a diverse group of natural products.
Pssm-ID: 238201 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 254 Bit Score: 127.56 E-value: 2.50e-32
beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR) domain of fatty acid synthase (FAS), subgroup 1, complex (x) SDRs; NADP-dependent KR domain of the multidomain type I FAS, a complex SDR family. This subfamily also includes proteins identified as polyketide synthase (PKS), a protein with related modular protein architecture and similar function. It includes the KR domains of mammalian and chicken FAS, and Dictyostelium discoideum putative polyketide synthases (PKSs). These KR domains contain two subdomains, each of which is related to SDR Rossmann fold domains. However, while the C-terminal subdomain has an active site similar to the other SDRs and a NADP-binding capability, the N-terminal SDR-like subdomain is truncated and lacks these functions, serving a supportive structural role. In some instances, such as porcine FAS, an enoyl reductase (a Rossman fold NAD-binding domain of the medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase, MDR family) module is inserted between the sub-domains. Fatty acid synthesis occurs via the stepwise elongation of a chain (which is attached to acyl carrier protein, ACP) with 2-carbon units. Eukaryotic systems consists of large, multifunctional synthases (type I) while bacterial, type II systems, use single function proteins. Fungal fatty acid synthesis uses a dodecamer of 6 alpha and 6 beta subunits. In mammalian type FAS cycles, ketoacyl synthase forms acetoacetyl-ACP which is reduced by the NADP-dependent beta-ketoacyl reductase (KR), forming beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP, which is in turn dehydrated by dehydratase to a beta-enoyl intermediate, which is reduced by NADP-dependent beta-enoyl reductase (ER); this KR and ER are members of the SDR family. This KR subfamily has an active site tetrad with a similar 3D orientation compared to archetypical SDRs, but the active site Lys and Asn residue positions are swapped. The characteristic NADP-binding is typical of the multidomain complex SDRs, with a GGXGXXG NADP binding motif. SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187657 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 452 Bit Score: 126.02 E-value: 3.85e-30
malonate decarboxylase, epsilon subunit; Members of this protein family are the epsilon ...
563-832
3.92e-25
malonate decarboxylase, epsilon subunit; Members of this protein family are the epsilon subunit of malonate decarboxylase. This subunit has malonyl-CoA/dephospho-CoA acyltransferase activity. Malonate decarboxylase may be a soluble enzyme, or linked to membrane subunits and active as a sodium pump. The epsilon subunit is closely related to the malonyl CoA-acyl carrier protein (ACP) transacylase family described by TIGR00128, but acts on an ACP subunit of malonate decarboxylase that has an unusual coenzyme A derivative as its prothetic group.
Pssm-ID: 132175 Cd Length: 295 Bit Score: 107.78 E-value: 3.92e-25
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the ...
1725-1808
1.58e-20
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; Phosphopantetheine (or pantetheine 4' phosphate) is the prosthetic group of acyl carrier proteins (ACP) in some multienzyme complexes where it serves as a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups.
Pssm-ID: 214834 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 86 Bit Score: 87.69 E-value: 1.58e-20
Chain-length factor (CLF) is a factor required for polyketide chain initiation of aromatic ...
37-459
7.29e-19
Chain-length factor (CLF) is a factor required for polyketide chain initiation of aromatic antibiotic-producing polyketide synthases (PKSs) of filamentous bacteria. CLFs have been shown to have decarboxylase activity towards malonyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP). CLFs are similar to other elongation ketosynthase domains, but their active site cysteine is replaced by a conserved glutamine.
Pssm-ID: 238428 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 399 Bit Score: 91.27 E-value: 7.29e-19
Ketoacyl-synthetase C-terminal extension; KAsynt_C_assoc represents the very C-terminus of a ...
414-525
1.09e-18
Ketoacyl-synthetase C-terminal extension; KAsynt_C_assoc represents the very C-terminus of a subset of proteins from the keto-acyl-synthetase 2 family. It is found in proteins ranging from bacteria to human.
Pssm-ID: 465059 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 111 Bit Score: 83.36 E-value: 1.09e-18
NADP-dependent 3-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase YdfG [Energy production and conversion]; ...
1468-1634
9.87e-10
NADP-dependent 3-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase YdfG [Energy production and conversion]; NADP-dependent 3-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase YdfG is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Pyrimidine degradation
Pssm-ID: 443365 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 240 Bit Score: 60.97 E-value: 9.87e-10
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached ...
1739-1799
2.89e-08
Phosphopantetheine attachment site; A 4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group is attached through a serine. This prosthetic group acts as a a 'swinging arm' for the attachment of activated fatty acid and amino-acid groups. This domain forms a four helix bundle. This family includes members not included in Prosite. The inclusion of these members is supported by sequence analysis and functional evidence. The related domain of Swiss:P19828 has the attachment serine replaced by an alanine.
Pssm-ID: 425746 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 62 Bit Score: 51.80 E-value: 2.89e-08
Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR); SDRs are a functionally diverse family of ...
1543-1636
2.14e-06
Short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR); SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase (KR) domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type KRs have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 187535 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 186 Bit Score: 50.21 E-value: 2.14e-06
iterative type I PKS product template domain; Sequences found by this model are the so-called ...
950-1123
1.88e-05
iterative type I PKS product template domain; Sequences found by this model are the so-called product template (PT) domain of various fungal iterative type I polyketide synthases. This domain resembles pfam14765, designated polyketide synthase dehydratase by Pfam, but members of that family are primarily bacterial, where type I PKS are predominantly modular, not iterative. The dehydratase active site residues well-conserved in pfam14765 (His in the first hot dog domain, Asp in the second hot dog domain) seem well conserved in this family also.
Pssm-ID: 275325 Cd Length: 324 Bit Score: 48.77 E-value: 1.88e-05
NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase, short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase family [Lipid transport and ...
1462-1609
6.23e-05
NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase, short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase family [Lipid transport and metabolism]; NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase, short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase family is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Fatty acid biosynthesis
Pssm-ID: 440651 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 249 Bit Score: 46.70 E-value: 6.23e-05
Thiolase domain associated with sterol carrier protein (SCP)-x isoform and related proteins; ...
111-235
1.31e-03
Thiolase domain associated with sterol carrier protein (SCP)-x isoform and related proteins; SCP-2 has multiple roles in intracellular lipid circulation and metabolism. The N-terminal presequence in the SCP-x isoform represents a peroxisomal 3-ketacyl-Coa thiolase specific for branched-chain acyl CoAs, which is proteolytically cleaved from the sterol carrier protein.
Pssm-ID: 238425 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 375 Bit Score: 43.41 E-value: 1.31e-03
classical (c) SDRs; SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a ...
1462-1632
2.11e-03
classical (c) SDRs; SDRs are a functionally diverse family of oxidoreductases that have a single domain with a structurally conserved Rossmann fold (alpha/beta folding pattern with a central beta-sheet), an NAD(P)(H)-binding region, and a structurally diverse C-terminal region. Classical SDRs are typically about 250 residues long, while extended SDRs are approximately 350 residues. Sequence identity between different SDR enzymes are typically in the 15-30% range, but the enzymes share the Rossmann fold NAD-binding motif and characteristic NAD-binding and catalytic sequence patterns. These enzymes catalyze a wide range of activities including the metabolism of steroids, cofactors, carbohydrates, lipids, aromatic compounds, and amino acids, and act in redox sensing. Classical SDRs have an TGXXX[AG]XG cofactor binding motif and a YXXXK active site motif, with the Tyr residue of the active site motif serving as a critical catalytic residue (Tyr-151, human prostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) numbering). In addition to the Tyr and Lys, there is often an upstream Ser (Ser-138, PGDH numbering) and/or an Asn (Asn-107, PGDH numbering) contributing to the active site; while substrate binding is in the C-terminal region, which determines specificity. The standard reaction mechanism is a 4-pro-S hydride transfer and proton relay involving the conserved Tyr and Lys, a water molecule stabilized by Asn, and nicotinamide. Extended SDRs have additional elements in the C-terminal region, and typically have a TGXXGXXG cofactor binding motif. Complex (multidomain) SDRs such as ketoreductase domains of fatty acid synthase have a GGXGXXG NAD(P)-binding motif and an altered active site motif (YXXXN). Fungal type ketoacyl reductases have a TGXXXGX(1-2)G NAD(P)-binding motif. Some atypical SDRs have lost catalytic activity and/or have an unusual NAD(P)-binding motif and missing or unusual active site residues. Reactions catalyzed within the SDR family include isomerization, decarboxylation, epimerization, C=N bond reduction, dehydratase activity, dehalogenation, Enoyl-CoA reduction, and carbonyl-alcohol oxidoreduction.
Pssm-ID: 212491 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 234 Bit Score: 41.89 E-value: 2.11e-03
Database: CDSEARCH/cdd Low complexity filter: no Composition Based Adjustment: yes E-value threshold: 0.01
References:
Wang J et al. (2023), "The conserved domain database in 2023", Nucleic Acids Res.51(D)384-8.
Lu S et al. (2020), "The conserved domain database in 2020", Nucleic Acids Res.48(D)265-8.
Marchler-Bauer A et al. (2017), "CDD/SPARCLE: functional classification of proteins via subfamily domain architectures.", Nucleic Acids Res.45(D)200-3.
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