GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for the ADP ribosylation factors (ARFs); ArfGAPs are a family of proteins containing an ArfGAP catalytic domain that induces the hydrolysis of GTP bound to the small guanine nucleotide-binding protein Arf, a member of the Ras superfamily of GTPases. Like all GTP-binding proteins, Arf proteins function as molecular switches, cycling between GTP (active-membrane bound) and GDP (inactive-cytosolic) form. Conversion to the GTP-bound form requires a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), whereas conversion to the GDP-bound form is catalyzed by a GTPase activating protein (GAP). In that sense, ArfGAPs were originally proposed to function as terminators of Arf signaling, which is mediated by regulating Arf family GTP-binding proteins. However, recent studies suggest that ArfGAPs can also function as Arf effectors, independently of their GAP enzymatic activity to transduce signals in cells. The ArfGAP domain contains a C4-type zinc finger motif and a conserved arginine that is required for activity, within a specific spacing (CX2CX16CX2CX4R). ArfGAPs, which have multiple functional domains, regulate the membrane trafficking and actin cytoskeleton remodeling via specific interactions with signaling lipids such as phosphoinositides and trafficking proteins, which consequently affect cellular events such as cell growth, migration, and cancer invasion. The ArfGAP family, which includes 31 human ArfGAP-domain containing proteins, is divided into 10 subfamilies based on domain structure and sequence similarity. The ArfGAP nomenclature is mainly based on the protein domain structure. For example, ASAP1 contains ArfGAP, SH3, ANK repeat and PH domains; ARAPs contain ArfGAP, Rho GAP, ANK repeat and PH domains; ACAPs contain ArfGAP, BAR (coiled coil), ANK repeat and PH domains; and AGAPs contain Arf GAP, GTP-binding protein-like, ANK repeat and PH domains. Furthermore, the ArfGAPs can be classified into two major types of subfamilies, according to the overall domain structure: the ArfGAP1 type includes 6 subfamilies (ArfGAP1, ArfGAP2/3, ADAP, SMAP, AGFG, and GIT), which contain the ArfGAP domain at the N-terminus of the protein; and the AZAP type includes 4 subfamilies (ASAP, ACAP, AGAP, and ARAP), which contain an ArfGAP domain between the PH and ANK repeat domains.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 75155915  18 IRDLLNQPDNRVCADCGASDPKWASANIGVFICLKCCGVHRSLGTHISKVLSVTLDEWSDEEVDSMIEIgGNASANSIYE 97
Cdd:cd08204   1 LEELLKLPGNKVCADCGAPDPRWASINLGVFICIRCSGIHRSLGVHISKVRSLTLDSWTPEQVELMKAI-GNARANAYYE 79

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 75155915  98 AFLPDTCSKPGPDVNHDQRMRFIRAKY 124
Cdd:cd08204  80 ANLPPGFKKPTPDSSDEEREQFIRAKY 106

GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for the ADP ribosylation factors (ARFs); ArfGAPs are a family of proteins containing an ArfGAP catalytic domain that induces the hydrolysis of GTP bound to the small guanine nucleotide-binding protein Arf, a member of the Ras superfamily of GTPases. Like all GTP-binding proteins, Arf proteins function as molecular switches, cycling between GTP (active-membrane bound) and GDP (inactive-cytosolic) form. Conversion to the GTP-bound form requires a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), whereas conversion to the GDP-bound form is catalyzed by a GTPase activating protein (GAP). In that sense, ArfGAPs were originally proposed to function as terminators of Arf signaling, which is mediated by regulating Arf family GTP-binding proteins. However, recent studies suggest that ArfGAPs can also function as Arf effectors, independently of their GAP enzymatic activity to transduce signals in cells. The ArfGAP domain contains a C4-type zinc finger motif and a conserved arginine that is required for activity, within a specific spacing (CX2CX16CX2CX4R). ArfGAPs, which have multiple functional domains, regulate the membrane trafficking and actin cytoskeleton remodeling via specific interactions with signaling lipids such as phosphoinositides and trafficking proteins, which consequently affect cellular events such as cell growth, migration, and cancer invasion. The ArfGAP family, which includes 31 human ArfGAP-domain containing proteins, is divided into 10 subfamilies based on domain structure and sequence similarity. The ArfGAP nomenclature is mainly based on the protein domain structure. For example, ASAP1 contains ArfGAP, SH3, ANK repeat and PH domains; ARAPs contain ArfGAP, Rho GAP, ANK repeat and PH domains; ACAPs contain ArfGAP, BAR (coiled coil), ANK repeat and PH domains; and AGAPs contain Arf GAP, GTP-binding protein-like, ANK repeat and PH domains. Furthermore, the ArfGAPs can be classified into two major types of subfamilies, according to the overall domain structure: the ArfGAP1 type includes 6 subfamilies (ArfGAP1, ArfGAP2/3, ADAP, SMAP, AGFG, and GIT), which contain the ArfGAP domain at the N-terminus of the protein; and the AZAP type includes 4 subfamilies (ASAP, ACAP, AGAP, and ARAP), which contain an ArfGAP domain between the PH and ANK repeat domains.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 75155915  18 IRDLLNQPDNRVCADCGASDPKWASANIGVFICLKCCGVHRSLGTHISKVLSVTLDEWSDEEVDSMIEIgGNASANSIYE 97
Cdd:cd08204   1 LEELLKLPGNKVCADCGAPDPRWASINLGVFICIRCSGIHRSLGVHISKVRSLTLDSWTPEQVELMKAI-GNARANAYYE 79

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 75155915  98 AFLPDTCSKPGPDVNHDQRMRFIRAKY 124
Cdd:cd08204  80 ANLPPGFKKPTPDSSDEEREQFIRAKY 106

Putative GTP-ase activating proteins for the small GTPase, ARF; Putative zinc fingers with GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) towards the small GTPase, Arf. The GAP of ARD1 stimulates GTPase hydrolysis for ARD1 but not ARFs.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 75155915     18 IRDLLNQPDNRVCADCGASDPKWASANIGVFICLKCCGVHRSLGTHISKVLSVTLDEWSDEEVDSMiEIGGNASANSIYE 97
Cdd:smart00105   1 LKLLRSIPGNKKCFDCGAPNPTWASVNLGVFLCIECSGIHRSLGVHISKVRSLTLDTWTEEELRLL-QKGGNENANSIWE 79

                           90       100       110
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 75155915     98 AFLPDTCSKPGPDVNHDQRMRFIRAKYELQEFLKP 132
Cdd:smart00105  80 SNLDDFSLKPPDDDDQQKYESFIAAKYEEKLFVPP 114

C2 domain;

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 75155915   180 GLLKVTIKKGTNLAIRDMM-SSDPYVVLNL--GKQKLQTTVMNSNLNPVWNQELMLSVPESYG-PVKLQVYDYDTFSADD 255
Cdd:pfam00168   1 GRLTVTVIEAKNLPPKDGNgTSDPYVKVYLldGKQKKKTKVVKNTLNPVWNETFTFSVPDPENaVLEIEVYDYDRFGRDD 80

                          90
                  ....*....|....*
gi 75155915   256 IMGEADIDIQPLITS 270
Cdd:pfam00168  81 FIGEVRIPLSELDSG 95

ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein AGD10; Provisional

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 75155915   19 RDLLNQPDNRVCADCGASDPKWASANIGVFICLKCCGVHRSLGTHISKVLSVTLDEWSDEEVDSMIeIGGNASANSIYEA 98
Cdd:PLN03114  14 KKLKAKSDNKICFDCNAKNPTWASVTYGIFLCIDCSAVHRSLGVHISFVRSTNLDSWSSEQLKMMI-YGGNNRAQVFFKQ 92

                 .
gi 75155915   99 F 99
Cdd:PLN03114  93 Y 93

Phospholipase D delta

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 75155915  195 RDMMSSDPYVVLNLGKQKL-QTTVMNSNLNPVWNQELMLSVPESYGPVKLQVYDYDTFSAdDIMGEADIDIQPLIT 269
Cdd:PLN03008  72 RKVITSDPYVTVVVPQATLaRTRVLKNSQEPLWDEKFNISIAHPFAYLEFQVKDDDVFGA-QIIGTAKIPVRDIAS 146

GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for the ADP ribosylation factors (ARFs); ArfGAPs are a family of proteins containing an ArfGAP catalytic domain that induces the hydrolysis of GTP bound to the small guanine nucleotide-binding protein Arf, a member of the Ras superfamily of GTPases. Like all GTP-binding proteins, Arf proteins function as molecular switches, cycling between GTP (active-membrane bound) and GDP (inactive-cytosolic) form. Conversion to the GTP-bound form requires a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), whereas conversion to the GDP-bound form is catalyzed by a GTPase activating protein (GAP). In that sense, ArfGAPs were originally proposed to function as terminators of Arf signaling, which is mediated by regulating Arf family GTP-binding proteins. However, recent studies suggest that ArfGAPs can also function as Arf effectors, independently of their GAP enzymatic activity to transduce signals in cells. The ArfGAP domain contains a C4-type zinc finger motif and a conserved arginine that is required for activity, within a specific spacing (CX2CX16CX2CX4R). ArfGAPs, which have multiple functional domains, regulate the membrane trafficking and actin cytoskeleton remodeling via specific interactions with signaling lipids such as phosphoinositides and trafficking proteins, which consequently affect cellular events such as cell growth, migration, and cancer invasion. The ArfGAP family, which includes 31 human ArfGAP-domain containing proteins, is divided into 10 subfamilies based on domain structure and sequence similarity. The ArfGAP nomenclature is mainly based on the protein domain structure. For example, ASAP1 contains ArfGAP, SH3, ANK repeat and PH domains; ARAPs contain ArfGAP, Rho GAP, ANK repeat and PH domains; ACAPs contain ArfGAP, BAR (coiled coil), ANK repeat and PH domains; and AGAPs contain Arf GAP, GTP-binding protein-like, ANK repeat and PH domains. Furthermore, the ArfGAPs can be classified into two major types of subfamilies, according to the overall domain structure: the ArfGAP1 type includes 6 subfamilies (ArfGAP1, ArfGAP2/3, ADAP, SMAP, AGFG, and GIT), which contain the ArfGAP domain at the N-terminus of the protein; and the AZAP type includes 4 subfamilies (ASAP, ACAP, AGAP, and ARAP), which contain an ArfGAP domain between the PH and ANK repeat domains.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 75155915  18 IRDLLNQPDNRVCADCGASDPKWASANIGVFICLKCCGVHRSLGTHISKVLSVTLDEWSDEEVDSMIEIgGNASANSIYE 97
Cdd:cd08204   1 LEELLKLPGNKVCADCGAPDPRWASINLGVFICIRCSGIHRSLGVHISKVRSLTLDSWTPEQVELMKAI-GNARANAYYE 79

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 75155915  98 AFLPDTCSKPGPDVNHDQRMRFIRAKY 124
Cdd:cd08204  80 ANLPPGFKKPTPDSSDEEREQFIRAKY 106

ArfGap with dual PH domains; The ADAP subfamily, ArfGAPs with dual pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, includes two members: ADAP1 and ADAP2. Both ADAP1 (also known as centaurin-alpha1, p42(IP4), or PIP3BP) and ADAP2 (centaurin-alpha2) display a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity toward Arf6 (ADP-ribosylation factor 6), which is involved in protein trafficking that regulates endocytic recycling, cytoskeleton remodeling, and neuronal differentiation. ADAP2 has high sequence similarity to the ADAP1 and they both contain a ArfGAP domain at the N-terminus, followed by two PH domains. However, ADAP1, unlike ADAP2, contains a putative N-terminal nuclear localization signal. The PH domains of ADAP1bind to the two second messenger molecules phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3) and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (I(1,3,4,5)P4) with identical high affinity, whereas those of ADAP2 specifically binds phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PI(3,4)P2) and PI(3,4,5)P3, which are produced by activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. ADAP1 is predominantly expressed in the brain neurons, while ADAP2 is broadly expressed, including the adipocytes, heart, and skeletal muscle but not in the brain. The limited distribution and high expression of ADAP1 in the brain indicates that ADAP1 is important for neuronal functions. ADAP1 has been shown to highly expressed in the neurons and plagues of Alzheimer's disease patients. In other hand, ADAP2 gene deletion has been shown to cause circulatory deficiencies and heart shape defects in zebrafish, indicating that ADAP2 has a vital role in heart development. Taken together, the hemizygous deletion of ADAP2 gene may be contributing to the cardiovascular malformation in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) microdeletions.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 75155915  15 KRRIRDLLNQPDNRVCADCGASDPKWASANIGVFICLKCCGVHRSLGTHISKVLSVTLDEWSDEEVDSMIEIgGNASANS 94
Cdd:cd08832   5 KKRLLELLKLPGNNTCADCGAPDPEWASYNLGVFICLDCSGIHRSLGTHISKVKSLRLDNWDDSQVEFMEEN-GNEKAKA 83

                        90       100       110
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 75155915  95 IYEAFLPDTCSKPGPDVNHDQRMRFIRAKY 124
Cdd:cd08832  84 KYEAHVPAFYRRPTPTDPQVLREQWIRAKY 113

Putative GTP-ase activating proteins for the small GTPase, ARF; Putative zinc fingers with GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) towards the small GTPase, Arf. The GAP of ARD1 stimulates GTPase hydrolysis for ARD1 but not ARFs.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 75155915     18 IRDLLNQPDNRVCADCGASDPKWASANIGVFICLKCCGVHRSLGTHISKVLSVTLDEWSDEEVDSMiEIGGNASANSIYE 97
Cdd:smart00105   1 LKLLRSIPGNKKCFDCGAPNPTWASVNLGVFLCIECSGIHRSLGVHISKVRSLTLDTWTEEELRLL-QKGGNENANSIWE 79

                           90       100       110
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 75155915     98 AFLPDTCSKPGPDVNHDQRMRFIRAKYELQEFLKP 132
Cdd:smart00105  80 SNLDDFSLKPPDDDDQQKYESFIAAKYEEKLFVPP 114

ArfGAP with GTPase domain, ANK repeat and PH domains; The AGAP subfamily of ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating proteins (Arf GAPs) includes three members: AGAP1-3. In addition to the Arf GAP domain, AGAP proteins contain GTP-binding protein-like, ANK repeat and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains. AGAP1 and AGAP2 have phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2)-mediated GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity preferentially toward Arf1, and function in the endocytic system. AGAP1 and AGAP2 independently regulate AP-3 endosomes and AP-1/Rab4 fast recycling endosomes, respectively. AGAP1, via its PH domain, directly interacts with the adapter protein 3 (AP-3), which is a coat protein involved in trafficking in the endosomal-lysosomal system, and regulates AP-3-dependent trafficking. In other hand, AGAP2 specifically binds the clathrin adaptor protein AP-1 and regulates the AP-1/Rab-4 dependent endosomal trafficking. AGAP2 is overexpressed in different human cancers including prostate carcinoma and glioblastoma, and promotes cancer cell invasion. AGAP3 exists as a component of the NMDA receptor complex that regulates Arf6 and Ras/ERK signaling pathways. Moreover, AGAP3 regulates AMPA receptor trafficking through the ArfGAP domain. Together, AGAP3 is believed to involve in linking NMDA receptor activation to AMPA receptor trafficking.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 75155915  18 IRDLLNQPDNRVCADCGASDPKWASANIGVFICLKCCGVHRSLGTHISKVLSVTLDEWSDEEVDSMIEIgGNASANSIYE 97
Cdd:cd08836   3 LQAIRNVRGNDHCVDCGAPNPDWASLNLGALMCIECSGIHRNLGTHISRVRSLDLDDWPVELLKVMSAI-GNDLANSVWE 81

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 75155915  98 AFLPDtCSKPGPDVNHDQRMRFIRAKYE 125
Cdd:cd08836  82 GNTQG-RTKPTPDSSREEKERWIRAKYE 108

ArfGAP domain of ASAP (Arf GAP, SH3, ANK repeat and PH domains) subfamily of ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating proteins; The ArfGAPs are a family of multidomain proteins with a common catalytic domain that promotes the hydrolysis of GTP bound to Arf, thereby inactivating Arf signaling. ASAP-subfamily GAPs include three members: ASAP1, ASAP2, ASAP3. The ASAP subfamily comprises Arf GAP, SH3, ANK repeat and PH domains. From the N-terminus, each member has a BAR, PH, Arf GAP, ANK repeat, and proline rich domains. Unlike ASAP3, ASAP1 and ASAP2 also have an SH3 domain at the C-terminus. ASAP1 and ASAP2 show strong GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity toward Arf1 and Arf5 and weak activity toward Arf6. ASAP1 is a target of Src and FAK signaling that regulates focal adhesions, circular dorsal ruffles (CDR), invadopodia, and podosomes. ASAP1 GAP activity is synergistically stimulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidic acid. ASAP2 is believed to function as an ArfGAP that controls ARF-mediated vesicle budding when recruited to Golgi membranes. It also functions as a substrate and downstream target for protein tyrosine kinases Pyk2 and Src, a pathway that may be involved in the regulation of vesicular transport. ASAP3 is a focal adhesion-associated ArfGAP that functions in cell migration and invasion. Similar to ASAP1, the GAP activity of ASAP3 is strongly enhanced by PIP2 via PH domain. Like ASAP1, ASAP3 associates with focal adhesions and circular dorsal ruffles. However, unlike ASAP1, ASAP3 does not localize to invadopodia or podosomes. Both ASAP 1 and 3 have been implicated in oncogenesis, as ASAP1 is highly expressed in metastatic breast cancer and ASAP3 in hepatocellular carcinoma.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 75155915  18 IRDLLNQPDNRVCADCGASDPKWASANIGVFICLKCCGVHRSLGTHISKVLSVTLDEWSDEEV---DSMieigGNASANS 94
Cdd:cd08834   6 IAEVKRLPGNDVCCDCGSPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGVHRELGVHVSRIQSLTLDNLGTSELllaRNL----GNEGFNE 81

                        90       100       110
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 75155915  95 IYEAFLPDTcSKPGPDVNHDQRMRFIRAKY 124
Cdd:cd08834  82 IMEANLPPG-YKPTPNSDMEERKDFIRAKY 110

Arf1 GTPase-activating protein 1; ArfGAP (ADP Ribosylation Factor GTPase Activating Protein) domain is a part of ArfGap1-like proteins that play a crucial role in controlling of membrane trafficking, particularly in the formation of COPI (coat protein complex I)-coated vesicles on Golgi membranes. The ArfGAP1 protein subfamily consists of three members: ArfGAP1 (Gcs1p in yeast), ArfGAP2 and ArfGAP3 (both are homologs of yeast Glo3p). ArfGAP2/3 are closely related, but with little similarity to ArfGAP1, except the catalytic ArfGAP domain. They promote hydrolysis of GTP bound to the small G protein ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1), which leads to the dissociation of coat proteins from Golgi-derived membranes and vesicles. Dissociation of the coat proteins is required for the fusion of these vesicles with target compartments. Thus, the GAP catalytic activity plays a key role in the formation of COPI vesicles from Golgi membrane. In contrast to ArfGAP1, which displays membrane curvature-dependent ArfGAP activity, ArfGAP2 and ArfGAP3 activities are dependent on coatomer (the core COPI complex) which required for efficient recruitment of ArfGAP2 and ArfGAP3 to the Golgi membrane. Accordingly, ArfGAP2/3 has been implicated in coatomer-mediated protein transport between the Golgi complex and the endoplasmic reticulum. Unlike ArfGAP1, which is controlled by membrane curvature through its amphipathic lipid packing sensor (ALPS) motifs, ArfGAP2/3 do not possess ALPS motif.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 75155915  15 KRRIRDLLNQPDNRVCADCGASDPKWASANIGVFICLKCCGVHRSLGTHISKVLSVTLDEWSDEEVDSMiEIGGNASANS 94
Cdd:cd08830   2 RAVLRELQKLPGNNRCFDCGAPNPQWASVSYGIFICLECSGVHRGLGVHISFVRSITMDSWSEKQLKKM-ELGGNAKLRE 80

ARF1 GTPase-activating protein 1-like; ArfGAP (ADP Ribosylation Factor GTPase Activating Protein) domain is a part of ArfGap1-like proteins that play a crucial role in controlling of membrane trafficking, particularly in the formation of COPI (coat protein complex I)-coated vesicles on Golgi membranes. The ArfGAP1 protein subfamily consists of three members: ArfGAP1 (Gcs1p in yeast), ArfGAP2 and ArfGAP3 (both are homologs of yeast Glo3p). ArfGAP2/3 are closely related, but with little similarity to ArfGAP1, except the catalytic ArfGAP domain. They promote hydrolysis of GTP bound to the small G protein ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1), which leads to the dissociation of coat proteins from Golgi-derived membranes and vesicles. Dissociation of the coat proteins is required for the fusion of these vesicles with target compartments. Thus, the GAP catalytic activity plays a key role in the formation of COPI vesicles from Golgi membrane. In contrast to ArfGAP1, which displays membrane curvature-dependent ArfGAP activity, ArfGAP2 and ArfGAP3 activities are dependent on coatomer (the core COPI complex) which required for efficient recruitment of ArfGAP2 and ArfGAP3 to the Golgi membrane. Accordingly, ArfGAP2/3 has been implicated in coatomer-mediated protein transport between the Golgi complex and the endoplasmic reticulum. Unlike ArfGAP1, which is controlled by membrane curvature through its amphipathic lipid packing sensor (ALPS) motifs, ArfGAP2/3 do not possess ALPS motif.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 75155915  15 KRRIRDLLNQPDNRVCADCGASDPKWASANIGVFICLKCCGVHRSLGTHISKVLSVTLDEWSDEEVDSMiEIGGNASAN 93
Cdd:cd08959   2 RAVFKKLRSKPENKVCFDCGAKNPQWASVTYGIFICLDCSGVHRGLGVHISFVRSTTMDKWTEEQLRKM-KVGGNANAR 79

ArfGap with Rho-Gap domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing proteins; The ARAP subfamily includes three members, ARAP1-3, and belongs to the ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating proteins (Arf GAPs) family of proteins that promotes the hydrolysis of GTP bound to Arf, thereby inactivating Arf signaling. The function of Arfs is dependent on GAPs and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which allow Arfs to cycle between the GDP-bound and GTP-bound forms. In addition to the Arf GAP domain, ARAPs contain the SAM (sterile-alpha motif) domain, 5 pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, the Rho-GAP domain, the Ras-association domain, and ANK repeats. ARAPs show phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3)-dependent GAP activity toward Arf6. ARAPs play important roles in endocytic trafficking, cytoskeleton reorganization in response to growth factors stimulation, and focal adhesion dynamics.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 75155915  25 PDNRVCADCGASDPKWASANIGVFICLKCCGVHRSLGTHISKVLSVTLDE--WSDEEVDSMIEIgGNASANSIYEAFLPD 102
Cdd:cd08837  11 PANRFCADCGAPDPDWASINLCVVICKQCAGEHRSLGSNISKVRSLKMDTkvWTEELVELFLKL-GNDRANRFWAANLPP 89

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 75155915 103 TcSKPGPDVNHDQRMRFIRAKYELQEF 129
Cdd:cd08837  90 S-EALHPDADSEQRREFITAKYREGKY 115

ArfGAP domain of ACAP3 (ArfGAP with Coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domains 3); ACAP3 belongs to the ACAP subfamily of GAPs (GTPase-activating proteins) for the small GTPase Arf (ADP-ribosylation factor). ACAP subfamily of ArfGAPs are composed of Coiled coli (BAR, Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs), PH, ArfGAP and ANK repeats domains. It has been shown that ACAP3 positively regulates neurite outgrowth through its GAP activity specific to Arf6 in mouse hippocampal neurons. ACAP1 (centaurin beta1) and ACAP2 centaurin beta2) also have a GAP (GTPase-activating protein) activity preferentially toward Arf6, which regulates endocytic recycling. Both ACAP1/2 are activated by are activated by the phosphoinositides, PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,5)P2. ACAP1 binds specifically with recycling cargo proteins such as transferrin receptor (TfR) and cellubrevin. Thus, ACAP1 promotes cargo sorting to enhance TfR recycling from the recycling endosome. In addition, phosphorylation of ACAP by Akt, a serine/threonine protein kinase, regulates the recycling of integrin beta1 to control cell migration. In contrast, ACAP2 does not exhibit a similar interaction with the recycling cargo proteins. It has been shown that ACAP2 functions both as an effector of Ras-related protein Rab35 and as an Arf6-GTPase-activating protein (GAP) during neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. Moreover, ACAP2, together with Rab35, regulates phagocytosis in mammalian macrophages.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 75155915  25 PDNRVCADCGASDPKWASANIGVFICLKCCGVHRSLGTHISKVLSVTLDEWSDEEVDSMIEIgGNASANSIYEAFLPDTC 104
Cdd:cd08850  11 AGNDQCCDCGQPDPRWASINLGILLCIECSGIHRSLGVHCSKVRSLTLDSWEPELLKLMCEL-GNSTVNQIYEAQCEELG 89

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 75155915 105 S-KPGPDVNHDQRMRFIRAKYELQEFL 130
Cdd:cd08850  90 LkKPTASSSRQDKEAWIKAKYVEKKFL 116

ArfGAP domain of ACAP1 (ArfGAP with Coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domains 1); ACAP1 belongs to the ACAP subfamily of GAPs (GTPase-activating proteins) for the small GTPase Arf (ADP-ribosylation factor). ACAP subfamily of ArfGAPs are composed of Coiled coli (BAR, Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs), PH, ArfGAP and ANK repeats domains. ACAP1 (centaurin beta1) and ACAP2 centaurin beta2) have a GAP (GTPase-activating protein) activity preferentially toward Arf6, which regulates endocytic recycling. Both ACAP1/2 are activated by are activated by the phosphoinositides, PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,5)P2. ACAP1 binds specifically with recycling cargo proteins such as transferrin receptor (TfR) and cellubrevin. Thus, ACAP1 promotes cargo sorting to enhance TfR recycling from the recycling endosome. In addition, phosphorylation of ACAP by Akt, a serine/threonine protein kinase, regulates the recycling of integrin beta1 to control cell migration. In contrast, ACAP2 does not exhibit a similar interaction with the recycling cargo proteins. It has been shown that ACAP2 functions both as an effector of Ras-related protein Rab35 and as an Arf6-GTPase-activating protein (GAP) during neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. Moreover, ACAP2, together with Rab35, regulates phagocytosis in mammalian macrophages. ACAP3 also positively regulates neurite outgrowth through its GAP activity specific to Arf6 in mouse hippocampal neurons.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 75155915  25 PDNRVCADCGASDPKWASANIGVFICLKCCGVHRSLGTHISKVLSVTLDEWSDEEVDSMIEIgGNASANSIYEAFLPD-T 103
Cdd:cd08852  11 DGNAQCCDCREPAPEWASINLGVTLCIQCSGIHRSLGVHFSKVRSLTLDSWEPELVKLMCEL-GNVIINQIYEARIEAmA 89

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 75155915 104 CSKPGPDVNHDQRMRFIRAKYELQEFL 130
Cdd:cd08852  90 IKKPGPSSSRQEKEAWIRAKYVEKKFI 116

ADAP1 GTPase activating protein for Arf, with dual PH domains; The ADAP subfamily, ArfGAPs with dual pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, includes two members: ADAP1 and ADAP2. Both ADAP1 (also known as centaurin-alpha1, p42(IP4), or PIP3BP) and ADAP2 (centaurin-alpha2) display a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity toward Arf6 (ADP-ribosylation factor 6), which is involved in protein trafficking that regulates endocytic recycling, cytoskeleton remodeling, and neuronal differentiation. ADAP2 has high sequence similarity to the ADAP1 and they both contain a ArfGAP domain at the N-terminus, followed by two PH domains. However, ADAP1, unlike ADAP2, contains a putative N-terminal nuclear localization signal. The PH domains of ADAP1bind to the two second messenger molecules phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3) and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (I(1,3,4,5)P4) with identical high affinity, whereas those of ADAP2 specifically binds phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PI(3,4)P2) and PI(3,4,5)P3, which are produced by activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. ADAP1 is predominantly expressed in the brain neurons, while ADAP2 is broadly expressed, including the adipocytes, heart, and skeletal muscle but not in the brain. The limited distribution and high expression of ADAP1 in the brain indicates that ADAP1 is important for neuronal functions. ADAP1 has been shown to highly expressed in the neurons and plagues of Alzheimer's disease patients. In other hand, ADAP2 gene deletion has been shown to cause circulatory deficiencies and heart shape defects in zebrafish, indicating that ADAP2 has a vital role in heart development. Taken together, the hemizygous deletion of ADAP2 gene may be contributing to the cardiovascular malformation in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) microdeletions.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 75155915  15 KRRIRDLLNQPDNRVCADCGASDPKWASANIGVFICLKCCGVHRSLgTHISKVLSVTLDEWSDEEVDSMIEIGGNAsANS 94
Cdd:cd08843   5 RRAVLELLQRPGNARCADCGAPDPDWASYTLGVFICLSCSGIHRNI-PQVSKVKSVRLDAWEEAQVEFMASHGNDA-ARA 82

                        90       100       110
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 75155915  95 IYEAFLPDTCSKPGPDVNHDQRMRFIRAKY 124
Cdd:cd08843  83 RFESKVPSFYYRPTPSDCQLLREQWIRAKY 112

ArfGAP domain of ASAP1 (ArfGAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1); The ArfGAPs are a family of multidomain proteins with a common catalytic domain that promotes the hydrolysis of GTP bound to Arf, thereby inactivating Arf signaling. ASAP-subfamily GAPs include three members: ASAP1, ASAP2, ASAP3. The ASAP subfamily comprises Arf GAP, SH3, ANK repeat and PH domains. From the N-terminus, each member has a BAR, PH, Arf GAP, ANK repeat, and proline rich domains. Unlike ASAP3, ASAP1 and ASAP2 also have an SH3 domain at the C-terminus. ASAP1 and ASAP2 show strong GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity toward Arf1 and Arf5 and weak activity toward Arf6. ASAP1 is a target of Src and FAK signaling that regulates focal adhesions, circular dorsal ruffles (CDR), invadopodia, and podosomes. ASAP1 GAP activity is synergistically stimulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidic acid. ASAP2 is believed to function as an ArfGAP that controls ARF-mediated vesicle budding when recruited to Golgi membranes. It also functions as a substrate and downstream target for protein tyrosine kinases Pyk2 and Src, a pathway that may be involved in the regulation of vesicular transport. ASAP3 is a focal adhesion-associated ArfGAP that functions in cell migration and invasion. Similar to ASAP1, the GAP activity of ASAP3 is strongly enhanced by PIP2 via PH domain. Like ASAP1, ASAP3 associates with focal adhesions and circular dorsal ruffles. However, unlike ASAP1, ASAP3 does not localize to invadopodia or podosomes. ASAP 1 and 3 have been implicated in oncogenesis, as ASAP1 is highly expressed in metastatic breast cancer and ASAP3 in hepatocellular carcinoma.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 75155915  15 KRRIRDLLNQPDNRVCADCGASDPKWASANIGVFICLKCCGVHRSLGTHISKVLSVTLDEWSDEEVdSMIEIGGNASANS 94
Cdd:cd08848   3 KAIIDDVQRLPGNEVCCDCGSPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGIHREMGVHISRIQSLELDKLGTSEL-LLAKNVGNNSFND 81

                        90       100       110
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 75155915  95 IYEAFLPDTCSKPGPDVNHDQRMRFIRAKYELQEF 129
Cdd:cd08848  82 IMEGNLPSPSPKPSPSSDMTARKEYITAKYVEHRF 116

ArfGAP domain of ASAP3 (ArfGAP with ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3); The ArfGAPs are a family of multidomain proteins with a common catalytic domain that promotes the hydrolysis of GTP bound to Arf, thereby inactivating Arf signaling. ASAP-subfamily GAPs include three members: ASAP1, ASAP2, ASAP3. The ASAP subfamily comprises Arf GAP, SH3, ANK repeat and PH domains. From the N-terminus, each member has a BAR, PH, Arf GAP, ANK repeat, and proline rich domains. Unlike ASAP1 and ASAP2, ASAP3 do not have an SH3 domain at the C-terminus. ASAP1 and ASAP2 show strong GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity toward Arf1 and Arf5 and weak activity toward Arf6. ASAP1 is a target of Src and FAK signaling that regulates focal adhesions, circular dorsal ruffles (CDR), invadopodia, and podosomes. ASAP1 GAP activity is synergistically stimulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidic acid. ASAP2 is believed to function as an ArfGAP that controls ARF-mediated vesicle budding when recruited to Golgi membranes. It also functions as a substrate and downstream target for protein tyrosine kinases Pyk2 and Src, a pathway that may be involved in the regulation of vesicular transport. ASAP3 is a focal adhesion-associated ArfGAP that functions in cell migration and invasion. Similar to ASAP1, the GAP activity of ASAP3 is strongly enhanced by PIP2 via PH domain. Like ASAP1, ASAP3 associates with focal adhesions and circular dorsal ruffles. However, unlike ASAP1, ASAP3 does not localize to invadopodia or podosomes. ASAP 1 and 3 have been implicated in oncogenesis, as ASAP1 is highly expressed in metastatic breast cancer and ASAP3 in hepatocellular carcinoma.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 75155915  15 KRRIRDLLNQPDNRVCADCGASDPKWASANIGVFICLKCCGVHRSLGTHISKVLSVTLDEWSDEEVDSMIEIgGNASANS 94
Cdd:cd17900   3 KLLIAEVKSRPGNSQCCDCGAPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGIHRELGVRYSRIQSLTLDLLSTSELLLAVSM-GNTRFNE 81

                        90       100       110       120
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 75155915  95 IYEAFLPDT-CSKPGPDVNHDQRMRFIRAKYELQEFLKPS 133
Cdd:cd17900  82 VMEATLPAHgGPKPSAESDMGTRKDYIMAKYVEHRFVRKR 121

ArfGAP domain of the AGFG subfamily (ArfGAP domain and FG repeat-containing proteins); The ArfGAP domain and FG repeat-containing proteins (AFGF) subfamily of Arf GTPase-activating proteins consists of the two structurally-related members: AGFG1 and AGFG2. AGFG1 (alias: HIV-1 Rev binding protein, HRB; Rev interacting protein, RIP; Rev/Rex activating domain-binding protein, RAB) and AGFG2 are involved in the maintenance and spread of immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. The ArfGAP domain of AGFG is related to nucleoporins, which is a class of proteins that mediate nucleocytoplasmic transport. AGFG plays a role in the Rev export pathway, which mediates the nucleocytoplasmic transfer of proteins and RNAs, possibly together by the nuclear export receptor CRM1. In humans, the presence of the FG repeat motifs (11 in AGFG1 and 7 in AGFG2) are thought to be required for these proteins to act as HIV-1 Rev cofactors. Hence, AGFG promotes movement of Rev-responsive element-containing RNAs from the nuclear periphery to the cytoplasm, which is an essential step for HIV-1 replication.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 75155915  16 RRIRDLLNQPDNRVCADCGASDPKWASANIGVFICLKCCGVHRSLGtHisKVLSVTLDEWSDEEVDsMIEIGGNASANSI 95
Cdd:cd08838   2 KILRELLKLPENKRCFDCGQRGPTYVNLTFGTFVCTTCSGIHREFN-H--RVKSISMSTFTPEEVE-FLQAGGNEVARKI 77

                        90       100       110
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 75155915  96 YEAFLPDTCSKPgPDVNHDQRMR-FIRAKYE 125
Cdd:cd08838  78 WLAKWDPRTDPE-PDSGDDQKIReFIRLKYV 107

ArfGap with Rho-Gap domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3; The ARAP subfamily includes three members, ARAP1-3, and belongs to the ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating proteins (Arf GAPs) family of proteins that promotes the hydrolysis of GTP bound to Arf, thereby inactivating Arf signaling. The function of Arfs is dependent on GAPs and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which allow Arfs to cycle between the GDP-bound and GTP-bound forms. In addition to the Arf GAP domain, ARAPs contain the SAM (sterile-alpha motif) domain, 5 pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, the Rho-GAP domain, the Ras-association domain, and ANK repeats. ARAPs show phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3)-dependent GAP activity toward Arf6. ARAPs play important roles in endocytic trafficking, cytoskeleton reorganization in response to growth factors stimulation, and focal adhesion dynamics. ARAP3 possesses a unique dual-specificity GAP activity for Arf6 and RhoA regulated by PI(3,4,5)P3 and a small GTPase Rap1-GTP. The RhoGAP activity of ARAP3 is enhanced by direct binding of Rap1-GTP to the Ras-association (RA) domain. ARAP3 is involved in regulation of cell shape and adhesion.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 75155915  25 PDNRVCADCGASDPKWASANIGVFICLKCCGVHRSLGTHISKVLSVTLDE--WSDEEVDSMIEIgGNASANSIYEAFLPd 102
Cdd:cd17902  11 KANRFCADCHASSPDWASINLCVVICKQCAGQHRSLGSGISKVQSLKLDTsvWSNEIVQLFIVL-GNDRANRFWAARLP- 88

                        90       100       110
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 75155915 103 tcskPG----PDVNHDQRMRFIRAKYELQEF 129
Cdd:cd17902  89 ----ASealhPDATPEQRREFISRKYREGRF 115

ArfGAP domain of ASAP2 (ArfGAP2 with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2); The Arf GAPs are a family of multidomain proteins with a common catalytic domain that promotes the hydrolysis of GTP bound to Arf , thereby inactivating Arf signaling. ASAP-subfamily GAPs include three members: ASAP1, ASAP2, ASAP3. The ASAP subfamily comprises Arf GAP, SH3, ANK repeat and PH domains. From the N-terminus, each member has a BAR, PH, Arf GAP, ANK repeat, and proline rich domains. Unlike ASAP3, ASAP1 and ASAP2 also have an SH3 domain at the C-terminus. ASAP1 and ASAP2 show strong GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity toward Arf1 and Arf5 and weak activity toward Arf6. ASAP1 is a target of Src and FAK signaling that regulates focal adhesions, circular dorsal ruffles (CDR), invadopodia, and podosomes. ASAP1 GAP activity is synergistically stimulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidic acid. ASAP2 is believed to function as an ArfGAP that controls ARF-mediated vesicle budding when recruited to Golgi membranes. It also functions as a substrate and downstream target for protein tyrosine kinases Pyk2 and Src, a pathway that may be involved in the regulation of vesicular transport.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 75155915  15 KRRIRDLLNQPDNRVCADCGASDPKWASANIGVFICLKCCGVHRSLGTHISKVLSVTLDEWSDEEVDSMIEIgGNASANS 94
Cdd:cd08849   3 KEIISEVQRMTGNDVCCDCGAPDPTWLSTNLGILTCIECSGIHRELGVHYSRMQSLTLDVLGTSELLLAKNI-GNAGFNE 81

                        90       100       110
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 75155915  95 IYEAFLP-DTCSKPGPDVNHDQRMRFIRAKYELQEFLK 131
Cdd:cd08849  82 IMEACLPaEDVVKPNPGSDMNARKDYITAKYIERRYAR 119

C2 domain; The C2 domain was first identified in PKC. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 75155915 182 LKVTIKKGTNLAIRDMM-SSDPYVVLNLG-KQKLQTTVMNSNLNPVWNQELMLSVPESYGP-VKLQVYDYDTFSADDIMG 258
Cdd:cd00030   1 LRVTVIEARNLPAKDLNgKSDPYVKVSLGgKQKFKTKVVKNTLNPVWNETFEFPVLDPESDtLTVEVWDKDRFSKDDFLG 80

                        90
                ....*....|
gi 75155915 259 EADIDIQPLI 268
Cdd:cd00030  81 EVEIPLSELL 90

Arf1 GTPase-activating protein 2; ArfGAP (ADP Ribosylation Factor GTPase Activating Protein) domain is a part of ArfGap1-like proteins that play a crucial role in controlling of membrane trafficking, particularly in the formation of COPI (coat protein complex I)-coated vesicles on Golgi membranes. The ArfGAP1 protein subfamily consists of three members: ArfGAP1 (Gcs1p in yeast), ArfGAP2 and ArfGAP3 (both are homologs of yeast Glo3p). ArfGAP2/3 are closely related, but with little similarity to ArfGAP1, except the catalytic ArfGAP domain. They promote hydrolysis of GTP bound to the small G protein ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1), which leads to the dissociation of coat proteins from Golgi-derived membranes and vesicles. Dissociation of the coat proteins is required for the fusion of these vesicles with target compartments. Thus, the GAP catalytic activity plays a key role in the formation of COPI vesicles from Golgi membrane. In contrast to ArfGAP1, which displays membrane curvature-dependent ArfGAP activity, ArfGAP2 and ArfGAP3 activities are dependent on coatomer (the core COPI complex) which required for efficient recruitment of ArfGAP2 and ArfGAP3 to the Golgi membrane. Accordingly, ArfGAP2/3 has been implicated in coatomer-mediated protein transport between the Golgi complex and the endoplasmic reticulum. Unlike ArfGAP1, which is controlled by membrane curvature through its amphipathic lipid packing sensor (ALPS) motifs, ArfGAP2/3 do not possess ALPS motif.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 75155915  16 RRIRDLlnqPDNRVCADCGASDPKWASANIGVFICLKCCGVHRSLGTHISKVLSVTLDE-WSDEEVDSMiEIGGNASANS 94
Cdd:cd09029  11 KRLRAI---PTNKACFDCGAKNPSWASITYGVFLCIDCSGVHRSLGVHLSFIRSTELDSnWNWFQLRCM-QVGGNANATA 86

                ..
gi 75155915  95 IY 96
Cdd:cd09029  87 FF 88

GIT1 GTPase activating protein for Arf; The GIT (G-protein coupled receptor kinase-interacting protein) subfamily includes GIT1 and GIT2, which have three ANK repeats, a Spa-homology domain (SHD), a coiled-coil domain and a C-terminal paxillin-binding site (PBS). The GIT1/2 proteins are GTPase-activating proteins that function as an inactivator of Arf signaling, and interact with the PIX/Cool family of Rac/Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Unlike other ArfGAPs, GIT and PIX (Pak-interacting exchange factor) proteins are tightly associated to form an oligomeric complex that acts as a scaffold and signal integrator that can be recruited for multiple signaling pathways. The GIT/PIX complex functions as a signaling scaffold by binding to specific protein partners. As a result, the complex is transported to specific cellular locations. For instance, the GIT partners paxillin or integrin-alpha4 (to focal adhesions), piccolo and liprin-alpha (to synapses), and the beta-PIX partner Scribble (to epithelial cell-cell contacts and synapses). Moreover, the GIT/PIT complex functions to integrate signals from multiple GTP-binding protein and protein kinase pathways to regulate the actin cytoskeleton and thus cell polarity, adhesion and migration.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 75155915  25 PDNRVCADCGASDPKWASANIGVFICLKCCGVHRSLGTHISKVLSVTLDEWSDEEVdSMIEIGGNASANSIYEAFLPDTC 104
Cdd:cd08846   6 PRAEVCADCSAPDPGWASINRGVLICDECCSVHRSLGRHISIVKHLRHSAWPPTLL-QMVHTLASNGANSIWEHSLLDPA 84

                        90       100
                ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 75155915 105 S------KPGP-DVNHDQRMRFIRAKY 124
Cdd:cd08846  85 QvqsgrrKANPqDKVHPTKSEFIRAKY 111