Sex peptide receptor, isoform A [Drosophila melanogaster]
Protein Classification
G-protein coupled receptor( domain architecture ID 11606548)
G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) transmits physiological signals from the outside of the cell to the inside by binding to an extracellular agonist, which induces conformational changes that lead to the activation of heterotrimeric G proteins, which then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins
List of domain hits
| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | |||||
| 7tmA_FMRFamide_R-like | cd14978 | FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe) receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of ... |
90-400 | 1.55e-76 | |||||
FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe) receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes Drosophila melanogaster G-protein coupled FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2) receptor DrmFMRFa-R and related invertebrate receptors, as well as the vertebrate proteins GPR139 and GPR142. DrmFMRFa-R binds with high affinity to FMRFamide and intrinsic FMRFamide-related peptides. FMRFamide is a neuropeptide from the family of FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs), which all containing a C-terminal RFamide (Arg-Phe-NH2) motif and have diverse functions in the central and peripheral nervous systems. FMRFamide is an important neuropeptide in many types of invertebrates such as insects, nematodes, molluscs, and worms. In invertebrates, the FMRFamide-related peptides are involved in the regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, gut motility, feeding behavior, and reproduction. On the other hand, in vertebrates such as mice, they play a role in the modulation of morphine-induced antinociception. Orphan receptors GPR139 and GPR142 are very closely related G protein-coupled receptors, but they have different expression patterns in the brain and in other tissues. These receptors couple to inhibitory G proteins and activate phospholipase C. Studies suggested that dimer formation may be required for their proper function. GPR142 is predominantly expressed in pancreatic beta-cells and mediates enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, whereas GPR139 is mostly expressed in the brain and is suggested to play a role in the control of locomotor activity. Tryptophan and phenylalanine have been identified as putative endogenous ligands of GPR139. : Pssm-ID: 410630 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 299 Bit Score: 240.23 E-value: 1.55e-76
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| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | ||||||
| 7tmA_FMRFamide_R-like | cd14978 | FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe) receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of ... |
90-400 | 1.55e-76 | ||||||
FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe) receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes Drosophila melanogaster G-protein coupled FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2) receptor DrmFMRFa-R and related invertebrate receptors, as well as the vertebrate proteins GPR139 and GPR142. DrmFMRFa-R binds with high affinity to FMRFamide and intrinsic FMRFamide-related peptides. FMRFamide is a neuropeptide from the family of FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs), which all containing a C-terminal RFamide (Arg-Phe-NH2) motif and have diverse functions in the central and peripheral nervous systems. FMRFamide is an important neuropeptide in many types of invertebrates such as insects, nematodes, molluscs, and worms. In invertebrates, the FMRFamide-related peptides are involved in the regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, gut motility, feeding behavior, and reproduction. On the other hand, in vertebrates such as mice, they play a role in the modulation of morphine-induced antinociception. Orphan receptors GPR139 and GPR142 are very closely related G protein-coupled receptors, but they have different expression patterns in the brain and in other tissues. These receptors couple to inhibitory G proteins and activate phospholipase C. Studies suggested that dimer formation may be required for their proper function. GPR142 is predominantly expressed in pancreatic beta-cells and mediates enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, whereas GPR139 is mostly expressed in the brain and is suggested to play a role in the control of locomotor activity. Tryptophan and phenylalanine have been identified as putative endogenous ligands of GPR139. Pssm-ID: 410630 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 299 Bit Score: 240.23 E-value: 1.55e-76
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| 7TM_GPCR_Srw | pfam10324 | Serpentine type 7TM GPCR chemoreceptor Srw; Chemoreception is mediated in Caenorhabditis ... |
97-404 | 1.72e-19 | ||||||
Serpentine type 7TM GPCR chemoreceptor Srw; Chemoreception is mediated in Caenorhabditis elegans by members of the seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor class (7TM GPCRs) of proteins which are of the serpentine type. Srw is a solo family amongst the superfamilies of chemoreceptors. Chemoperception is one of the central senses of soil nematodes like C. elegans which are otherwise 'blind' and 'deaf'. The genes encoding Srw do not appear to be under as strong an adaptive evolutionary pressure as those of Srz. Pssm-ID: 402097 Cd Length: 318 Bit Score: 88.80 E-value: 1.72e-19
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| Name | Accession | Description | Interval | E-value | ||||||
| 7tmA_FMRFamide_R-like | cd14978 | FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe) receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of ... |
90-400 | 1.55e-76 | ||||||
FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe) receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes Drosophila melanogaster G-protein coupled FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2) receptor DrmFMRFa-R and related invertebrate receptors, as well as the vertebrate proteins GPR139 and GPR142. DrmFMRFa-R binds with high affinity to FMRFamide and intrinsic FMRFamide-related peptides. FMRFamide is a neuropeptide from the family of FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs), which all containing a C-terminal RFamide (Arg-Phe-NH2) motif and have diverse functions in the central and peripheral nervous systems. FMRFamide is an important neuropeptide in many types of invertebrates such as insects, nematodes, molluscs, and worms. In invertebrates, the FMRFamide-related peptides are involved in the regulation of heart rate, blood pressure, gut motility, feeding behavior, and reproduction. On the other hand, in vertebrates such as mice, they play a role in the modulation of morphine-induced antinociception. Orphan receptors GPR139 and GPR142 are very closely related G protein-coupled receptors, but they have different expression patterns in the brain and in other tissues. These receptors couple to inhibitory G proteins and activate phospholipase C. Studies suggested that dimer formation may be required for their proper function. GPR142 is predominantly expressed in pancreatic beta-cells and mediates enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, whereas GPR139 is mostly expressed in the brain and is suggested to play a role in the control of locomotor activity. Tryptophan and phenylalanine have been identified as putative endogenous ligands of GPR139. Pssm-ID: 410630 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 299 Bit Score: 240.23 E-value: 1.55e-76
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| 7tm_classA_rhodopsin-like | cd00637 | rhodopsin receptor-like class A family of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor ... |
98-393 | 5.77e-22 | ||||||
rhodopsin receptor-like class A family of the seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily; Class A rhodopsin-like receptors constitute about 90% of all GPCRs. The class A GPCRs include the light-sensitive rhodopsin as well as receptors for biogenic amines, lipids, nucleotides, odorants, peptide hormones, and a variety of other ligands. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Based on sequence similarity, GPCRs can be divided into six major classes: class A (rhodopsin-like family), class B (Methuselah-like, adhesion and secretin-like receptor family), class C (metabotropic glutamate receptor family), class D (fungal mating pheromone receptors), class E (cAMP receptor family), and class F (frizzled/smoothened receptor family). Nearly 800 human GPCR genes have been identified and are involved essentially in all major physiological processes. Approximately 40% of clinically marketed drugs mediate their effects through modulation of GPCR function for the treatment of a variety of human diseases including bacterial infections. Pssm-ID: 410626 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 275 Bit Score: 95.05 E-value: 5.77e-22
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| 7TM_GPCR_Srw | pfam10324 | Serpentine type 7TM GPCR chemoreceptor Srw; Chemoreception is mediated in Caenorhabditis ... |
97-404 | 1.72e-19 | ||||||
Serpentine type 7TM GPCR chemoreceptor Srw; Chemoreception is mediated in Caenorhabditis elegans by members of the seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor class (7TM GPCRs) of proteins which are of the serpentine type. Srw is a solo family amongst the superfamilies of chemoreceptors. Chemoperception is one of the central senses of soil nematodes like C. elegans which are otherwise 'blind' and 'deaf'. The genes encoding Srw do not appear to be under as strong an adaptive evolutionary pressure as those of Srz. Pssm-ID: 402097 Cd Length: 318 Bit Score: 88.80 E-value: 1.72e-19
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| 7tmA_GPRnna14-like | cd15001 | GPRnna14 and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
99-400 | 4.64e-16 | ||||||
GPRnna14 and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes the orphan G-protein coupled receptor GPRnna14 found in body louse (Pediculus humanus humanus) as well as its closely related proteins of unknown function. These receptors are members of the class A rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptors. As an obligatory parasite of humans, the body louse is an important vector for human diseases, including epidemic typhus, relapsing fever, and trench fever. GPRnna14 shares significant sequence similarity with the members of the neurotensin receptor family. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320132 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 266 Bit Score: 77.70 E-value: 4.64e-16
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| 7tmA_NTSR-like | cd14979 | neurotensin receptors and related G protein-coupled receptors, member of the class A family of ... |
98-400 | 4.78e-16 | ||||||
neurotensin receptors and related G protein-coupled receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subfamily includes the neurotensin receptors and related G-protein coupled receptors, including neuromedin U receptors, growth hormone secretagogue receptor, motilin receptor, the putative GPR39 and the capa receptors from insects. These receptors all bind peptide hormones with diverse physiological effects. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320110 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 300 Bit Score: 78.17 E-value: 4.78e-16
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| 7tm_1 | pfam00001 | 7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family); This family contains, amongst other ... |
107-389 | 1.35e-15 | ||||||
7 transmembrane receptor (rhodopsin family); This family contains, amongst other G-protein-coupled receptors (GCPRs), members of the opsin family, which have been considered to be typical members of the rhodopsin superfamily. They share several motifs, mainly the seven transmembrane helices, GCPRs of the rhodopsin superfamily. All opsins bind a chromophore, such as 11-cis-retinal. The function of most opsins other than the photoisomerases is split into two steps: light absorption and G-protein activation. Photoisomerases, on the other hand, are not coupled to G-proteins - they are thought to generate and supply the chromophore that is used by visual opsins. Pssm-ID: 459624 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 256 Bit Score: 76.18 E-value: 1.35e-15
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| 7tmA_Opsins_type2_animals | cd14969 | type 2 opsins in animals, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
92-400 | 9.58e-15 | ||||||
type 2 opsins in animals, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This rhodopsin family represents the type 2 opsins found in vertebrates and invertebrates except sponge. Type 2 opsins primarily function as G protein coupled receptors and are responsible for vision as well as for circadian rhythm and pigment regulation. On the contrary, type 1 opsins such as bacteriorhodopsin and proteorhodopsin are found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes, functioning as light-gated ion channels, proton pumps, sensory receptors and in other unknown functions. Although these two opsin types share seven-transmembrane domain topology and a conserved lysine reside in the seventh helix, type 1 opsins do not activate G-proteins and are not evolutionarily related to type 2. Type 2 opsins can be classified into six distinct subfamilies including the vertebrate opsins/encephalopsins, the G(o) opsins, the G(s) opsins, the invertebrate G(q) opsins, the photoisomerases, and the neuropsins. Pssm-ID: 381741 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 284 Bit Score: 74.16 E-value: 9.58e-15
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| 7tmA_CCKR-like | cd14993 | cholecystokinin receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of ... |
91-400 | 5.36e-14 | ||||||
cholecystokinin receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group represents four G-protein coupled receptors that are members of the RFamide receptor family, including cholecystokinin receptors (CCK-AR and CCK-BR), orexin receptors (OXR), neuropeptide FF receptors (NPFFR), and pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide receptor (QRFPR). These RFamide receptors are activated by their endogenous peptide ligands that share a common C-terminal arginine (R) and an amidated phenylanine (F) motif. CCK-AR (type A, alimentary; also known as CCK1R) is found abundantly on pancreatic acinar cells and binds only sulfated CCK-peptides with very high affinity, whereas CCK-BR (type B, brain; also known as CCK2R), the predominant form in the brain and stomach, binds CCK or gastrin and discriminates poorly between sulfated and non-sulfated peptides. CCK is implicated in regulation of digestion, appetite control, and body weight, and is involved in neurogenesis via CCK-AR. There is some evidence to support that CCK and gastrin, via their receptors, are involved in promoting cancer development and progression, acting as growth and invasion factors. Orexins (OXs; also referred to as hypocretins) are neuropeptide hormones that regulate the sleep-wake cycle and potently influence homeostatic systems regulating appetite and feeding behavior or modulating emotional responses such as anxiety or panic. OXs are synthesized as prepro-orexin (PPO) in the hypothalamus and then proteolytically cleaved into two forms of isoforms: orexin-A (OX-A) and orexin-B (OX-B). OXA is a 33 amino-acid peptide with N-terminal pyroglutamyl residue and two intramolecular disulfide bonds, whereas OXB is a 28 amino-acid linear peptide with no disulfide bonds. OX-A binds orexin receptor 1 (OX1R) with high-affinity, but also binds with somewhat low-affinity to OX2R, and signals primarily to Gq coupling, whereas OX-B shows a strong preference for the orexin receptor 2 (OX2R) and signals through Gq or Gi/o coupling. The 26RFa, also known as QRFP (Pyroglutamylated RFamide peptide), is a 26-amino acid residue peptide that exerts similar orexigenic activity including the regulation of feeding behavior in mammals. It is the ligand for G-protein coupled receptor 103 (GPR103), which is predominantly expressed in paraventricular (PVN) and ventromedial (VMH) nuclei of the hypothalamus. GPR103 shares significant protein sequence homology with orexin receptors (OX1R and OX2R), which have recently shown to produce a neuroprotective effect in Alzheimer's disease by forming a functional heterodimer with GPR103. Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) is a mammalian octapeptide that has been implicated in a wide range of physiological functions in the brain including pain sensitivity, insulin release, food intake, memory, blood pressure, and opioid-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia. The effects of NPFF are mediated through neuropeptide FF1 and FF2 receptors (NPFF1-R and NPFF2-R) which are predominantly expressed in the brain. NPFF induces pro-nociceptive effects, mainly through the NPFF1-R, and anti-nociceptive effects, mainly through the NPFF2-R. Pssm-ID: 320124 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 296 Bit Score: 72.25 E-value: 5.36e-14
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| 7tmA_amine_R-like | cd14967 | amine receptors and similar proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
98-400 | 8.37e-14 | ||||||
amine receptors and similar proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Amine receptors of the class A family of GPCRs include adrenoceptors, 5-HT (serotonin) receptors, muscarinic cholinergic receptors, dopamine receptors, histamine receptors, and trace amine receptors. The receptors of amine subfamily are major therapeutic targets for the treatment of neurological disorders and psychiatric diseases. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320098 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 259 Bit Score: 71.05 E-value: 8.37e-14
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| 7tmA_Opsin5_neuropsin | cd15074 | neuropsin (Opsin-5), member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ... |
93-397 | 3.66e-13 | ||||||
neuropsin (Opsin-5), member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Neuropsin, also known as Opsin-5, is a photoreceptor protein expressed in the retina, brain, testes, and spinal cord. Neuropsin belongs to the type 2 opsin family of the class A G-protein coupled receptors. Mammalian neuropsin activates Gi protein-mediated photo-transduction pathway in a UV-dependent manner, whereas, in non-mammalian vertebrates, neuropsin is involved in regulating the photoperiodic control of seasonal reproduction in birds such as quail. As with other opsins, it may also act as a retinal photoisomerase. Pssm-ID: 320202 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 284 Bit Score: 69.61 E-value: 3.66e-13
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| 7tmA_NMU-R | cd15133 | neuromedin U receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ... |
95-400 | 7.94e-13 | ||||||
neuromedin U receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Neuromedin U (NMU) is a highly conserved neuropeptide with a common C-terminal heptapeptide sequence (FLFRPRN-amide) found at the highest levels in the gastrointestinal tract and pituitary gland of mammals. Disruption or replacement of residues in the conserved heptapeptide region can result in the reduced ability of NMU to stimulate smooth-muscle contraction. Two G-protein coupled receptor subtypes, NMU-R1 and NMU-R2, with a distinct expression pattern, have been identified to bind NMU. NMU-R1 is expressed primarily in the peripheral nervous system, while NMU-R2 is mainly found in the central nervous system. Neuromedin S, a 36 amino-acid neuropeptide that shares a conserved C-terminal heptapeptide sequence with NMU, is a highly potent and selective NMU-R2 agonist. Pharmacological studies have shown that both NMU and NMS inhibit food intake and reduce body weight, and that NMU increases energy expenditure. Pssm-ID: 320261 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 298 Bit Score: 68.71 E-value: 7.94e-13
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| 7tmA_ETH-R | cd14997 | ecdysis-triggering hormone receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
94-400 | 2.23e-12 | ||||||
ecdysis-triggering hormone receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subgroup represents the ecdysis-triggering hormone receptors found in insects, which are members of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. Ecdysis-triggering hormones are vital regulatory signals that govern the stereotypic physiological sequence leading to cuticle shedding in insects. Thus, the ETH signaling system has been a target for the design of more sophisticated insect-selective pest control strategies. Two subtypes of ecdysis-triggering hormone receptor were identified in Drosophila melanogaster. Blood-borne ecdysis-triggering hormone (ETH) activates the behavioral sequence through direct actions on the central nervous system. In insects, ecdysis is thought to be controlled by the interaction between peptide hormones; in particular between ecdysis-triggering hormone (ETH) from the periphery and eclosion hormone (EH) and crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) from the central nervous system. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320128 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 294 Bit Score: 67.32 E-value: 2.23e-12
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| 7tmA_CCK_R | cd15206 | cholecystokinin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
94-400 | 4.09e-11 | ||||||
cholecystokinin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Cholecystokinin receptors (CCK-AR and CCK-BR) are a group of G-protein coupled receptors which bind the peptide hormones cholecystokinin (CCK) or gastrin. CCK, which facilitates digestion in the small intestine, and gastrin, a major regulator of gastric acid secretion, are highly similar peptides. Like gastrin, CCK is a naturally-occurring linear peptide that is synthesized as a preprohormone, then proteolytically cleaved to form a family of peptides with the common C-terminal sequence (Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2), which is required for full biological activity. CCK-AR (type A, alimentary; also known as CCK1R) is found abundantly on pancreatic acinar cells and binds only sulfated CCK-peptides with very high affinity, whereas CCK-BR (type B, brain; also known as CCK2R), the predominant form in the brain and stomach, binds CCK or gastrin and discriminates poorly between sulfated and non-sulfated peptides. CCK is implicated in regulation of digestion, appetite control, and body weight, and is involved in neurogenesis via CCK-AR. There is some evidence to support that CCK and gastrin, via their receptors, are involved in promoting cancer development and progression, acting as growth and invasion factors. Pssm-ID: 320334 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 269 Bit Score: 63.18 E-value: 4.09e-11
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| 7tmA_NPYR-like | cd15203 | neuropeptide Y receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of ... |
98-380 | 6.34e-11 | ||||||
neuropeptide Y receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; NPY is a 36-amino acid peptide neurotransmitter with a C-terminal tyrosine amide residue that is widely distributed in the brain and the autonomic nervous system of many mammalian species. NPY exerts its functions through five, G-protein coupled receptor subtypes including NPY1R, NPY2R, NPY4R, NPY5R, and NPY6R; however, NPY6R is not functional in humans. NYP receptors are also activated by its two other family members, peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). They typically couple to Gi or Go proteins, which leads to a decrease in adenylate cyclase activity, thereby decreasing intracellular cAMP levels, and are involved in diverse physiological roles including appetite regulation, circadian rhythm, and anxiety. Also included in this subgroup is prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) receptor (previously known as GPR10), which is activated by its endogenous ligand PrRP, a neuropeptide possessing C-terminal Arg-Phe-amide motif. There are two active isoforms of PrRP in mammals: one consists of 20 amino acid residues (PrRP-20) and the other consists of 31 amino acid residues (PrRP-31). PrRP receptor shows significant sequence homology to the NPY receptors, and a micromolar level of NPY can bind and completely inhibit the PrRP-evoked intracellular calcium response in PrRP receptor-expressing cells, suggesting that the PrRP receptor shares a common ancestor with the NPY receptors. Pssm-ID: 320331 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 293 Bit Score: 63.01 E-value: 6.34e-11
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| 7tmA_CCK-AR | cd15978 | cholecystokinin receptor type A, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
94-400 | 8.31e-11 | ||||||
cholecystokinin receptor type A, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Cholecystokinin receptors (CCK-AR and CCK-BR) are a group of G-protein coupled receptors which bind the peptide hormones cholecystokinin (CCK) or gastrin. CCK, which facilitates digestion in the small intestine, and gastrin, a major regulator of gastric acid secretion, are highly similar peptides. Like gastrin, CCK is a naturally-occurring linear peptide that is synthesized as a preprohormone, then proteolytically cleaved to form a family of peptides with the common C-terminal sequence (Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2), which is required for full biological activity. CCK-AR (type A, alimentary; also known as CCK1R) is found abundantly on pancreatic acinar cells and binds only sulfated CCK-peptides with very high affinity, whereas CCK-BR (type B, brain; also known as CCK2R), the predominant form in the brain and stomach, binds CCK or gastrin and discriminates poorly between sulfated and non-sulfated peptides. CCK is implicated in regulation of digestion, appetite control, and body weight, and is involved in neurogenesis via CCK-AR. There is some evidence to support that CCK and gastrin, via their receptors, are involved in promoting cancer development and progression, acting as growth and invasion factors. Pssm-ID: 320644 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 278 Bit Score: 62.58 E-value: 8.31e-11
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| 7tmA_Melanopsin-like | cd15083 | vertebrate melanopsins and related opsins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane ... |
93-351 | 2.79e-10 | ||||||
vertebrate melanopsins and related opsins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group represent the Gq-coupled rhodopsin subfamily consists of melanopsins, insect photoreceptors R1-R6, invertebrate Gq opsins as well as their closely related opsins. Melanopsins (also called Opsin-4) are the primary photoreceptor molecules for non-visual functions such as the photo-entrainment of the circadian rhythm and pupillary constriction in mammals. Mammalian melanopsins are expressed only in the inner retina, whereas non-mammalian vertebrate melanopsins are localized in various extra-retinal tissues such as iris, brain, pineal gland, and skin. The outer photoreceptors (R1-R6) are the insect Drosophila equivalent to the vertebrate rods and are responsible for image formation and motion detection. The invertebrate G(q) opsins includes the arthropod and mollusk visual opsins as well as invertebrate melanopsins, which are also found in vertebrates. Arthropods possess color vision by the use of multiple opsins sensitive to different light wavelengths. Members of this subfamily belong to the class A of the G protein-coupled receptors and have seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. Pssm-ID: 320211 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 291 Bit Score: 60.81 E-value: 2.79e-10
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| 7tmA_GPR142 | cd15129 | G-protein-coupled receptor GPR142, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
182-399 | 5.50e-10 | ||||||
G-protein-coupled receptor GPR142, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; GPR142, a vertebrate orphan receptor, is very closely related to GPR139, but they have different expression patterns in the brain and in other tissues. These receptors couple to inhibitory G proteins and activate phospholipase C. Studies suggested that dimer formation may be required for their proper function. GPR142 is predominantly expressed in pancreatic beta-cells and plays an important role in mediating enhancement of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and maintaining glucose homeostasis, whereas GPR139 is expressed almost exclusively in the brain and is suggested to play a role in the control of locomotor activity. These orphan receptors are phylogenetically clustered with invertebrate FMRFamide receptors such as Drosophila melanogaster DrmFMRFa-R. Pssm-ID: 320257 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 270 Bit Score: 59.79 E-value: 5.50e-10
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| 7tmA_NMU-R1 | cd15358 | neuromedin U receptor subtype 1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
95-400 | 8.82e-10 | ||||||
neuromedin U receptor subtype 1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Neuromedin U (NMU) is a highly conserved neuropeptide with a common C-terminal heptapeptide sequence (FLFRPRN-amide) found at the highest levels in the gastrointestinal tract and pituitary gland of mammals. Disruption or replacement of residues in the conserved heptapeptide region can result in the reduced ability of NMU to stimulate smooth-muscle contraction. Two G-protein coupled receptor subtypes, NMU-R1 and NMU-R2, with a distinct expression pattern, have been identified to bind NMU. NMU-R1 is expressed primarily in the peripheral nervous system, while NMU-R2 is mainly found in the central nervous system. Neuromedin S, a 36 amino-acid neuropeptide that shares a conserved C-terminal heptapeptide sequence with NMU, is a highly potent and selective NMU-R2 agonist. Pharmacological studies have shown that both NMU and NMS inhibit food intake and reduce body weight, and that NMU increases energy expenditure. Pssm-ID: 320480 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 305 Bit Score: 59.78 E-value: 8.82e-10
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| 7tmA_capaR | cd15134 | neuropeptide capa receptor and similar invertebrate proteins, member of the class A family of ... |
98-400 | 3.44e-09 | ||||||
neuropeptide capa receptor and similar invertebrate proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; CapaR is a G-protein coupled receptor for the Drosophila melanogaster capa neuropeptides (Drm-capa-1 and -2), which act on the Malpighian tubules to increase fluid transport. The capa peptides are evolutionarily related to vertebrate Neuromedin U neuropeptide and contain a C-terminal FPRXamide motif. CapaR regulates fluid homeostasis through its ligands, thereby acts as a desiccation stress-responsive receptor. CapaR undergoes desensitization, with internalization mediated by beta-arrestin-2. Pssm-ID: 320262 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 298 Bit Score: 57.73 E-value: 3.44e-09
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| 7tmA_GPR139 | cd15919 | G-protein-coupled receptor GPR139, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
98-397 | 8.90e-09 | ||||||
G-protein-coupled receptor GPR139, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; GPR139, a vertebrate orphan receptor, is very closely related to GPR142, but they have different expression patterns in the brain and in other tissues. These receptors couple to inhibitory G proteins and activate phospholipase C. Studies suggested that dimer formation may be required for their proper function. GPR142 is predominantly expressed in pancreatic beta-cells and plays an important role in mediating insulin secretion and maintaining glucose homeostasis, whereas GPR139 is expressed almost exclusively in the brain and is suggested to play a role in the control of locomotor activity. Tryptophan and phenylalanine have been identified as putative endogenous ligands of GPR139. These orphan receptors are phylogenetically clustered with invertebrate FMRFamide receptors such as Drosophila melanogaster DrmFMRFa-R. Pssm-ID: 320585 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 270 Bit Score: 56.06 E-value: 8.90e-09
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| 7tmA_NMU-R2 | cd15357 | neuromedin U receptor subtype 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
99-400 | 1.20e-08 | ||||||
neuromedin U receptor subtype 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Neuromedin U (NMU) is a highly conserved neuropeptide with a common C-terminal heptapeptide sequence (FLFRPRN-amide) found at the highest levels in the gastrointestinal tract and pituitary gland of mammals. Disruption or replacement of residues in the conserved heptapeptide region can result in the reduced ability of NMU to stimulate smooth-muscle contraction. Two G-protein coupled receptor subtypes, NMU-R1 and NMU-R2, with a distinct expression pattern, have been identified to bind NMU. NMU-R1 is expressed primarily in the peripheral nervous system, while NMU-R2 is mainly found in the central nervous system. Neuromedin S, a 36 amino-acid neuropeptide that shares a conserved C-terminal heptapeptide sequence with NMU, is a highly potent and selective NMU-R2 agonist. Pharmacological studies have shown that both NMU and NMS inhibit food intake and reduce body weight, and that NMU increases energy expenditure. Pssm-ID: 320479 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 293 Bit Score: 56.02 E-value: 1.20e-08
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| 7tmA_AstA_R_insect | cd15096 | allatostatin-A receptor in insects, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
98-400 | 4.74e-08 | ||||||
allatostatin-A receptor in insects, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The G protein-coupled AstA receptor binds allatostatin A. Three distinct types of allatostatin have been identified in the insects and crustaceans: AstA, AstB, and AstC. They both inhibit the biosynthesis of juvenile hormone and exert an inhibitory influence on food intake. Therefore, allatostatins are considered as potential targets for insect control. Pssm-ID: 320224 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 284 Bit Score: 54.22 E-value: 4.74e-08
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| 7tmA_TRH-R | cd14995 | thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
98-400 | 1.05e-07 | ||||||
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; TRH-R is a member of the class A rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors, which binds the tripeptide thyrotropin releasing hormone. The TRH-R activates phosphoinositide metabolism through a pertussis-toxin-insensitive G-protein, the G(q)/G(11) class. TRH stimulates the synthesis and release of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the anterior pituitary. TRH is produced in many other tissues, especially within the nervous system, where it appears to act as a neurotransmitter/neuromodulator. It also stimulates the synthesis and release of prolactin. In the CNS, TRH stimulates a number of behavioral and pharmacological actions, including increased turnover of catecholamines in the nucleus accumbens. There are two thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptors in some mammals, thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (TRH1) which has been found in a number of species including rat, mouse, and human and thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor 2 (TRH2) which has, only been found in rodents. These TRH receptors are found in high levels in the anterior pituitary, and are also found in the retina and in certain areas of the brain. Pssm-ID: 320126 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 269 Bit Score: 52.77 E-value: 1.05e-07
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| 7tmA_GHSR-like | cd15928 | growth hormone secretagogue receptor, motilin receptor, and related proteins, member of the ... |
95-397 | 2.43e-07 | ||||||
growth hormone secretagogue receptor, motilin receptor, and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subfamily includes growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR or ghrelin receptor), motilin receptor (also called GPR38), and related proteins. Both GHSR and GPR38 bind peptide hormones. Ghrelin, the endogenous ligand for GHSR, is an acylated 28-amino acid peptide hormone produced by ghrelin cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Ghrelin is also called the hunger hormone and is involved in the regulation of growth hormone release, appetite and feeding, gut motility, lipid and glucose metabolism, and energy balance. Motilin, the ligand for GPR38, is a 22 amino acid peptide hormone expressed throughout the gastrointestinal tract and stimulates contraction of gut smooth muscle. It is involved in the regulation of digestive tract motility. Pssm-ID: 320594 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 288 Bit Score: 52.11 E-value: 2.43e-07
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| 7tmA_GHSR | cd15131 | growth hormone secretagogue receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
98-397 | 3.13e-07 | ||||||
growth hormone secretagogue receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Growth hormone secretagogue receptor, GHSR, is also known as GH-releasing peptide receptor (GHRP) or Ghrelin receptor. Ghrelin, the endogenous ligand for GHSR, is an acylated 28-amino acid peptide hormone produced by ghrelin cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Ghrelin, also called hunger hormone, is involved in the regulation of growth hormone release, appetite and feeding, gut motility, lipid and glucose metabolism, and energy balance. It also plays a role in the cardiovascular, immune, and reproductive systems. GHSR couples to G-alpha-11 proteins. Both ghrelin and GHSR are expressed in a wide range of cancer tissues. Recent studies suggested that ghrelin may play a role in processes associated with cancer progression, including cell proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Pssm-ID: 320259 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 291 Bit Score: 51.81 E-value: 3.13e-07
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| 7tmA_D2-like_dopamine_R | cd15053 | D2-like dopamine receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
92-361 | 4.57e-07 | ||||||
D2-like dopamine receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Dopamine receptors are members of the class A G protein-coupled receptors that are involved in many neurological processes in the central nervous system (CNS). The neurotransmitter dopamine is the primary endogenous agonist for dopamine receptors. Dopamine receptors consist of at least five subtypes: D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5. The D1 and D5 subtypes are members of the D1-like family of dopamine receptors, whereas the D2, D3 and D4 subtypes are members of the D2-like family. The D1-like family receptors are coupled to G proteins of the G(s) family, which activate adenylate cyclase, causing cAMP formation and activation of protein kinase A. In contrast, activation of D2-like family receptors is linked to G proteins of the G(i) family, which inhibit adenylate cyclase. Dopamine receptors are major therapeutic targets for neurological and psychiatric disorders such as drug abuse, depression, schizophrenia, or Parkinson's disease. Pssm-ID: 320181 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 263 Bit Score: 50.81 E-value: 4.57e-07
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| 7tmA_TAARs | cd15055 | trace amine-associated receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
98-362 | 1.34e-06 | ||||||
trace amine-associated receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs) are a distinct subfamily within the class A G protein-coupled receptor family. Trace amines are endogenous amines of unknown function that have strong structural and metabolic similarity to classical monoamine neurotransmitters (serotonin, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, and histamine), which play critical roles in human and animal physiological activities such as cognition, consciousness, mood, motivation, perception, and autonomic responses. However, trace amines are found in the mammalian brain at very low concentrations compared to classical monoamines. Trace amines, including p-tyramine, beta-phenylethylamine, and tryptamine, are also thought to act as chemical messengers to exert their biological effects in vertebrates. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320183 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 285 Bit Score: 49.86 E-value: 1.34e-06
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| 7tmA_leucokinin-like | cd15393 | leucokinin-like peptide receptor from tick and related proteins, member of the class A family ... |
101-400 | 1.68e-06 | ||||||
leucokinin-like peptide receptor from tick and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subgroup includes a leucokinin-like peptide receptor from the Southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus, a pest of cattle world-wide. Leucokinins are invertebrate neuropeptides that exhibit myotropic and diuretic activity. This receptor is the first neuropeptide receptor known from the Acari and the second known in the subfamily of leucokinin-like peptide G-protein-coupled receptors. The other known leucokinin-like peptide receptor is a lymnokinin receptor from the mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis. Pssm-ID: 320515 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 288 Bit Score: 49.33 E-value: 1.68e-06
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| 7tmA_Opioid_R-like | cd14970 | opioid receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
98-400 | 3.63e-06 | ||||||
opioid receptors and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes opioid receptors, somatostatin receptors, melanin-concentrating hormone receptors (MCHRs), and neuropeptides B/W receptors. Together they constitute the opioid receptor-like family, members of the class A G-protein coupled receptors. Opioid receptors are coupled to inhibitory G proteins of the G(i/o) family and are involved in regulating a variety of physiological functions such as pain, addiction, mood, stress, epileptic seizure, and obesity, among many others. G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors (SSTRs), which display strong sequence similarity with opioid receptors, binds somatostatin (somatotropin release inhibiting factor), a polypeptide hormone that regulates a wide variety of physiological functions such as neurotransmission, cell proliferation, contractility of smooth muscle cells, and endocrine signaling as well as inhibition of the release of many secondary hormones. MCHR binds melanin concentrating hormone and is presumably involved in the neuronal regulation of food intake. Despite strong homology with somatostatin receptors, MCHR does not appear to bind somatostatin. Neuropeptides B/W receptors are primarily expressed in the CNS and stimulate the cortisol secretion by activating the adenylate cyclase- and the phospholipase C-dependent signaling pathways. Pssm-ID: 320101 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 282 Bit Score: 48.44 E-value: 3.63e-06
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| 7tmA_photoreceptors_insect | cd15079 | insect photoreceptors R1-R6 and similar proteins, member of the class A family of ... |
98-351 | 9.65e-06 | ||||||
insect photoreceptors R1-R6 and similar proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes the insect photoreceptors and their closely related proteins. The Drosophila eye is composed of about 800 unit eyes called ommatidia, each of which contains eight photoreceptor cells (R1-R8). The six outer photoreceptors (R1-R6) function like the vertebrate rods and are responsible for motion detection in dim light and image formation. The R1-R6 photoreceptors express a blue-absorbing pigment, Rhodopsin 1(Rh1). The inner photoreceptors (R7 and R8) are considered the equivalent of the color-sensitive vertebrate cone cells, which express a range of different pigments. The R7 photoreceptors express one of two different UV absorbing pigments, either Rh3 or Rh4. Likewise, the R8 photoreceptors express either the blue absorbing pigment Rh5 or green absorbing pigment Rh6. These photoreceptors belong the class A of the G protein-coupled receptors and possess seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. Pssm-ID: 320207 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 292 Bit Score: 47.19 E-value: 9.65e-06
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| 7tmA_Gal1_R | cd15098 | galanin receptor subtype 1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
98-400 | 1.29e-05 | ||||||
galanin receptor subtype 1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The G protein-coupled galanin receptors bind galanin, a neuropeptide that is widely expressed in the brain, peripheral tissues, and endocrine glands. Three receptors subtypes have been so far identified: GAL1, GAL2, and GAL3. The specific functions of each subtype remains mostly unknown, although galanin is thought to be involved in a variety of neuronal functions such as hormone release and food intake. Galanin is implicated in numerous neurological and psychiatric diseases including Alzheimer's disease, depression, eating disorders, epilepsy and stroke, among many others. Pssm-ID: 320226 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 282 Bit Score: 46.64 E-value: 1.29e-05
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| 7tmA_SSTR | cd15093 | somatostatin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ... |
98-374 | 2.09e-05 | ||||||
somatostatin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) are composed of five distinct subtypes (SSTR1-5) that display strong sequence similarity with opioid receptors. All five receptor subtypes bind the natural somatostatin (somatotropin release inhibiting factor), a polypeptide hormone that regulates a wide variety of physiological functions such as neurotransmission, cell proliferation, contractility of smooth muscle cells, and endocrine signaling as well as inhibition of the release of many secondary hormones. They share common signaling cascades such as inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, activation of phosphotyrosine phosphatase activity, and G-protein-dependent regulation of MAPKs. Pssm-ID: 320221 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 280 Bit Score: 45.92 E-value: 2.09e-05
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| 7tmA_GPR151 | cd15002 | G protein-coupled receptor 151, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
99-400 | 2.54e-05 | ||||||
G protein-coupled receptor 151, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; G-protein coupled receptor 151 (GRP151) is an orphan receptor of unknown function. Its expression is conserved in habenular axonal projections of vertebrates and may be a promising novel target for psychiatric drug development. GPR151 shows high sequence similarity with galanin receptors (GALR). GPR151 is a member of the class A rhodopsin-like GPCRs, which represent a widespread protein family that includes the light-sensitive rhodopsin as well as receptors for biogenic amines, lipids, nucleotides, odorants, peptide hormones, and a variety of other ligands. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320133 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 280 Bit Score: 45.86 E-value: 2.54e-05
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| 7tmA_Trissin_R | cd15012 | trissin receptor and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
94-398 | 3.54e-05 | ||||||
trissin receptor and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subgroup represents the Drosophila melanogaster trissin receptor and closely related invertebrate proteins which are a member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. The cysteine-rich trissin has been shown to be an endogenous ligand for the orphan CG34381 in Drosophila melanogaster. Trissin is a peptide composed of 28 amino acids with three intrachain disulfide bonds with no significant structural similarities to known endogenous peptides. Cysteine-rich peptides are known to have antimicrobial or toxicant activities, although frequently their mechanism of action is poorly understood. Since the expression of trissin and its receptor is reported to predominantly localize to the brain and thoracicoabdominal ganglion, trissin is predicted to behave as a neuropeptide. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320140 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 277 Bit Score: 45.13 E-value: 3.54e-05
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| 7tmA_CCK-BR | cd15979 | cholecystokinin receptor type B, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
94-400 | 4.13e-05 | ||||||
cholecystokinin receptor type B, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Cholecystokinin receptors (CCK-AR and CCK-BR) are a group of G-protein coupled receptors which bind the peptide hormones cholecystokinin (CCK) or gastrin. CCK, which facilitates digestion in the small intestine, and gastrin, a major regulator of gastric acid secretion, are highly similar peptides. Like gastrin, CCK is a naturally-occurring linear peptide that is synthesized as a preprohormone, then proteolytically cleaved to form a family of peptides with the common C-terminal sequence (Gly-Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2), which is required for full biological activity. CCK-AR (type A, alimentary; also known as CCK1R) is found abundantly on pancreatic acinar cells and binds only sulfated CCK-peptides with very high affinity, whereas CCK-BR (type B, brain; also known as CCK2R), the predominant form in the brain and stomach, binds CCK or gastrin and discriminates poorly between sulfated and non-sulfated peptides. CCK is implicated in regulation of digestion, appetite control, and body weight, and is involved in neurogenesis via CCK-AR. There is some evidence to support that CCK and gastrin, via their receptors, are involved in promoting cancer development and progression, acting as growth and invasion factors. Pssm-ID: 320645 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 275 Bit Score: 45.19 E-value: 4.13e-05
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| 7tmA_Melanopsin | cd15336 | vertebrate melanopsins (Opsin-4), member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
101-351 | 4.36e-05 | ||||||
vertebrate melanopsins (Opsin-4), member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Melanopsin (also called Opsin-4) is the G protein-coupled photopigment that mediates non-visual responses to light. In mammals, these photoresponses include the photo-entrainment of circadian rhythm, pupillary constriction, and acute nocturnal melatonin suppression. Mammalian melanopsins are expressed only in the inner retina, whereas non-mammalian vertebrate melanopsins are localized in various extra-retinal tissues such as iris, brain, pineal gland, and skin. Melanopsins belong the class A of the G protein-coupled receptors and possess seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. Pssm-ID: 320458 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 290 Bit Score: 45.09 E-value: 4.36e-05
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| 7tmA_TACR_family | cd14992 | tachykinin receptor and closely related proteins, member of the class A family of ... |
108-400 | 1.13e-04 | ||||||
tachykinin receptor and closely related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subfamily includes G-protein coupled receptors for a variety of neuropeptides of the tachykinin (TK) family as well as closely related receptors. The tachykinins are widely distributed throughout the mammalian central and peripheral nervous systems and act as excitatory transmitters on neurons and cells in the gastrointestinal tract. The TKs are characterized by a common five-amino acid C-terminal sequence, Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2, where X is a hydrophobic residue. The three major mammalian tachykinins are substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB). The physiological actions of tachykinins are mediated through three types of receptors: neurokinin receptor type 1 (NK1R), NK2R, and NK3R. SP is a high-affinity endogenous ligand for NK1R, which interacts with the Gq protein and activates phospholipase C, leading to elevation of intracellular calcium. NK2R is a high-affinity receptor for NKA, the tachykinin neuropeptide substance K. SP and NKA are found in the enteric nervous system and mediate in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility, secretion, vascular permeability, and pain perception. NK3R is activated by its high-affinity ligand, NKB, which is primarily involved in the central nervous system and plays a critical role in the regulation of gonadotropin hormone release and the onset of puberty. Pssm-ID: 320123 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 291 Bit Score: 43.96 E-value: 1.13e-04
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| 7tmA_OXR | cd15208 | orexin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ... |
93-400 | 1.18e-04 | ||||||
orexin receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Orexins (OXs, also referred to as hypocretins) are neuropeptide hormones that regulate the sleep-wake cycle and potently influence homeostatic systems regulating appetite and feeding behavior or modulating emotional responses such as anxiety or panic. OXs are synthesized as prepro-orexin (PPO) in the hypothalamus and then proteolytically cleaved into two forms of isoforms: orexin-A (OX-A) and orexin-B (OX-B). OXA is a 33 amino-acid peptide with N-terminal pyroglutamyl residue and two intramolecular disulfide bonds, whereas OXB is a 28 amino-acid linear peptide with no disulfide bonds. OX-A binds orexin receptor 1 (OX1R) with high-affinity, but also binds with somewhat low-affinity to OX2R, and signals primarily to Gq coupling, whereas OX-B shows a strong preference for the orexin receptor 2 (OX2R) and signals through Gq or Gi/o coupling. Thus, activation of OX1R or OX2R will activate phospholipase activity and the phosphatidylinositol and calcium signaling pathways. Additionally, OX2R activation can also lead to inhibition of adenylate cyclase. Pssm-ID: 320336 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 303 Bit Score: 43.92 E-value: 1.18e-04
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| 7tmA_NKR_NK3R | cd16003 | neuromedin-K receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ... |
91-400 | 1.45e-04 | ||||||
neuromedin-K receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The neuromedin-K receptor (NKR), also known as tachykinin receptor 3 (TACR3) or neurokinin B receptor or NK3R, is a G-protein coupled receptor that specifically binds to neurokinin B. The tachykinins (TKs) act as excitatory transmitters on neurons and cells in the gastrointestinal tract. The TKs are characterized by a common five-amino acid C-terminal sequence, Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2, where X is a hydrophobic residue. The three major mammalian tachykinins are substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB). The physiological actions of tachykinins are mediated through three types of receptors: neurokinin receptor type 1 (NK1R), NK2R, and NK3R. NK3R is activated by its high-affinity ligand, NKB, which is primarily involved in the central nervous system and plays a critical role in the regulation of gonadotropin hormone release and the onset of puberty. Pssm-ID: 320669 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 282 Bit Score: 43.38 E-value: 1.45e-04
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| 7tmA_PR4-like | cd15392 | neuropeptide Y receptor-like found in insect and related proteins, member of the class A ... |
98-400 | 1.47e-04 | ||||||
neuropeptide Y receptor-like found in insect and related proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subgroup includes a novel G protein-coupled receptor (also known as PR4 receptor) from Drosophila melanogaster, which can be activated by the members of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) family, including NPY, peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP), when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. These homologous peptides of 36-amino acids in length contain a hairpin-like structural motif, which referred to as the pancreatic polypeptide fold, and function as gastrointestinal hormones and neurotransmitters. The PR4 receptor also shares strong sequence homology to the mammalian tachykinin receptors (NK1R, NK2R, and NK3R), whose endogenous ligands are substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB), respectively. The tachykinins function as excitatory transmitters on neurons and cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Pssm-ID: 320514 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 287 Bit Score: 43.50 E-value: 1.47e-04
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| 7tmA_Anaphylatoxin_R-like | cd14974 | anaphylatoxin receptors and related G protein-coupled chemokine receptors, member of the class ... |
94-339 | 1.73e-04 | ||||||
anaphylatoxin receptors and related G protein-coupled chemokine receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This subfamily of G-protein coupled receptors includes anaphylatoxin receptors, formyl peptide receptors (FPR), prostaglandin D2 receptor 2, GPR1, and related chemokine receptors. The anaphylatoxin receptors are a group of G-protein coupled receptors that bind anaphylatoxins. The members of this group include C3a and C5a receptors. The formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are chemoattractant GPCRs that involved in mediating immune responses to infection. They are expressed mainly on polymorphonuclear and mononuclear phagocytes and bind N-formyl-methionyl peptides (FMLP), which are derived from the mitochondrial proteins of ruptured host cells or invading pathogens. Chemokine receptor-like 1 (also known as chemerin receptor 23) is a GPCR for the chemoattractant adipokine chemerin, also known as retinoic acid receptor responder protein 2 (RARRES2), and for the omega-3 fatty acid derived molecule resolvin E1. Interaction with chemerin induces activation of the MAPK and PI3K signaling pathways leading to downstream functional effects, such as a decrease in immune responses, stimulation of adipogenesis, and angiogenesis. On the other hand, resolvin E1 negatively regulates the cytokine production in macrophages by reducing the activation of MAPK1/3 and NF-kB pathways. Prostaglandin D2 receptor, also known as CRTH2, is a chemoattractant G-protein coupled receptor expressed on T helper type 2 cells that binds prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). PGD2 functions as a mast cell-derived mediator to trigger asthmatic responses and also causes vasodilation. PGD2 exerts its inflammatory effects by binding to two G-protein coupled receptors, the D-type prostanoid receptor (DP) and PD2R2 (CRTH2). PD2R2 couples to the G protein G(i/o) type which leads to a reduction in intracellular cAMP levels and an increase in intracellular calcium. GPR1 is an orphan receptor that can be activated by the leukocyte chemoattractant chemerin, thereby suggesting that some of the anti-inflammatory actions of chemerin may be mediated through GPR1. Pssm-ID: 320105 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 274 Bit Score: 43.06 E-value: 1.73e-04
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| 7tmA_AT1R | cd15192 | type 1 angiotensin II receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
99-400 | 2.21e-04 | ||||||
type 1 angiotensin II receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Angiotensin II (Ang II), the main effector in the renin-angiotensin system, plays a crucial role in the regulation of cardiovascular homeostasis through its type 1 (AT1) and type 2 (AT2) receptors. Ang II contributes to cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis via AT1R activation. Ang II increases blood pressure through Gq-mediated activation of phospholipase C, resulting in phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis and increased intracellular calcium levels. Through the AT2R, Ang II counteracts the vasoconstrictor action of AT1R and thereby induces vasodilation, sodium excretion, and reduction of blood pressure. Moreover, AT1R promotes cell proliferation, whereas AT2R inhibits proliferation and stimulates cell differentiation. The AT2R is highly expressed during fetal development, however it is scarcely present in adult tissues and is induced in pathological conditions. Generally, the AT1R mediates many actions of Ang II, while the AT2R is involved in the regulation of blood pressure and renal function. Pssm-ID: 320320 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 285 Bit Score: 42.80 E-value: 2.21e-04
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| 7tmA_SSTR4 | cd15973 | somatostatin receptor type 4, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
101-400 | 4.36e-04 | ||||||
somatostatin receptor type 4, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) are composed of five distinct subtypes (SSTR1-5) that display strong sequence similarity with opioid receptors. All five receptor subtypes bind the natural somatostatin (somatotropin release inhibiting factor), a polypeptide hormone that regulates a wide variety of physiological functions such as neurotransmission, cell proliferation, contractility of smooth muscle cells, and endocrine signaling as well as inhibition of the release of many secondary hormones. SSTR4 plays a critical role in mediating inflammation. Unlike other SSTRs, SSTR4 subtype is not detected in all pituitary adenomas while it is expressed in the normal human pituitary. Pssm-ID: 320639 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 274 Bit Score: 41.77 E-value: 4.36e-04
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| 7tmA_MCHR-like | cd15088 | melanin concentrating hormone receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
96-348 | 4.61e-04 | ||||||
melanin concentrating hormone receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor (MCHR) binds melanin concentrating hormone and is presumably involved in the neuronal regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. Despite strong homology with somatostatin receptors, MCHR does not appear to bind somatostatin. Two MCHRs have been characterized in vertebrates, MCHR1 and MCHR2. MCHR1 is expressed in all mammals, whereas MCHR2 is only expressed in the higher order mammals, such as humans, primates, and dogs, and is not found in rodents. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320216 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 278 Bit Score: 41.67 E-value: 4.61e-04
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| 7tmA_mAChR_GAR-2-like | cd15302 | muscarinic acetylcholine receptor GAR-2 and similar proteins, member of the class A family of ... |
91-212 | 4.98e-04 | ||||||
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor GAR-2 and similar proteins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) regulate the activity of many fundamental central and peripheral functions. The mAChR family consists of 5 subtypes M1-M5, which can be further divided into two major groups according to their G-protein coupling preference. The M1, M3 and M5 receptors selectively interact with G proteins of the G(q/11) family, whereas the M2 and M4 receptors preferentially link to the G(i/o) types of G proteins. Activation of mAChRs by agonist (acetylcholine) leads to a variety of biochemical and electrophysiological responses. In general, the exact nature of these responses and the subsequent physiological effects mainly depend on the molecular and pharmacological identity of the activated receptor subtype(s). All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320429 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 266 Bit Score: 41.65 E-value: 4.98e-04
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| 7tmA_NPFFR | cd15207 | neuropeptide FF receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
93-349 | 5.83e-04 | ||||||
neuropeptide FF receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) is a mammalian octapeptide that belongs to a family of neuropeptides containing an RF-amide motif at their C-terminus that have been implicated in a wide range of physiological functions in the brain including pain sensitivity, insulin release, food intake, memory, blood pressure, and opioid-induced tolerance and hyperalgesia. The effects of these peptides are mediated through neuropeptide FF1 and FF2 receptors (NPFF1-R and NPFF2-R) which are predominantly expressed in the brain. NPFF induces pro-nociceptive effects, mainly through the NPFF1-R, and anti-nociceptive effects, mainly through the NPFF2-R. NPFF has been shown to inhibit adenylate cyclase via the Gi protein coupled to NPFF1-R. Pssm-ID: 320335 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 291 Bit Score: 41.45 E-value: 5.83e-04
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| 7tmA_alpha2B_AR | cd15321 | alpha-2 adrenergic receptors subtype B, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
98-400 | 6.70e-04 | ||||||
alpha-2 adrenergic receptors subtype B, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (or adrenoceptors) are a subfamily of the class A rhodopsin-like GPCRs that share a common architecture of seven transmembrane helices. This subfamily consists of three highly homologous receptor subtypes that have a key role in neurotransmitter release: alpha-2A, alpha-2B, and alpha-2C. In addition, a fourth subtype, alpha-2D is present in ray-finned fishes and amphibians, but is not found in humans. The alpha-2 receptors are found in both central and peripheral nervous system and serve to produce inhibitory functions through the G(i) proteins. Thus, the alpha-2 receptors inhibit adenylate cyclase, which decreases cAMP production and thereby decreases calcium influx during the action potential. Consequently, lowered levels of calcium will lead to a decrease in neurotransmitter release by negative feedback. Pssm-ID: 320444 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 268 Bit Score: 41.45 E-value: 6.70e-04
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| 7tm_GPCRs | cd14964 | seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily; This hierarchical evolutionary ... |
96-393 | 6.88e-04 | ||||||
seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor superfamily; This hierarchical evolutionary model represents the seven-transmembrane (7TM) receptors, often referred to as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which transmit physiological signals from the outside of the cell to the inside via G proteins. GPCRs constitute the largest known superfamily of transmembrane receptors across the three kingdoms of life that respond to a wide variety of extracellular stimuli including peptides, lipids, neurotransmitters, amino acids, hormones, and sensory stimuli such as light, smell and taste. All GPCRs share a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. However, some 7TM receptors, such as the type 1 microbial rhodopsins, do not activate G proteins. Based on sequence similarity, GPCRs can be divided into six major classes: class A (the rhodopsin-like family), class B (the Methuselah-like, adhesion and secretin-like receptor family), class C (the metabotropic glutamate receptor family), class D (the fungal mating pheromone receptors), class E (the cAMP receptor family), and class F (the frizzled/smoothened receptor family). Nearly 800 human GPCR genes have been identified and are involved essentially in all major physiological processes. Approximately 40% of clinically marketed drugs mediate their effects through modulation of GPCR function for the treatment of a variety of human diseases including bacterial infections. Pssm-ID: 410628 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 267 Bit Score: 41.26 E-value: 6.88e-04
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| 7tmA_D3_dopamine_R | cd15310 | D3 subtype of the D2-like family of dopamine receptors, member of the class A family of ... |
92-232 | 1.41e-03 | ||||||
D3 subtype of the D2-like family of dopamine receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Dopamine receptors are members of the class A G protein-coupled receptors that are involved in many neurological processes in the central nervous system (CNS). The neurotransmitter dopamine is the primary endogenous agonist for dopamine receptors. Dopamine receptors consist of at least five subtypes: D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5. The D1 and D5 subtypes are members of the D1-like family of dopamine receptors, whereas the D2, D3 and D4 subtypes are members of the D2-like family. Activation of D2-like family receptors is linked to G proteins of the G(i) family. This leads to a decrease in adenylate cyclase activity, thereby decreasing cAMP levels. Dopamine receptors are major therapeutic targets for neurological and psychiatric disorders such as drug abuse, depression, schizophrenia, or Parkinson's disease. Pssm-ID: 320436 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 259 Bit Score: 40.34 E-value: 1.41e-03
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| 7tmA_alpha2C_AR | cd15323 | alpha-2 adrenergic receptors subtype C, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
98-400 | 1.44e-03 | ||||||
alpha-2 adrenergic receptors subtype C, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (or adrenoceptors) are a subfamily of the class A rhodopsin-like GPCRs that share a common architecture of seven transmembrane helices. This subfamily consists of three highly homologous receptor subtypes that have a key role in neurotransmitter release: alpha-2A, alpha-2B, and alpha-2C. In addition, a fourth subtype, alpha-2D is present in ray-finned fishes and amphibians, but is not found in humans. The alpha-2 receptors are found in both central and peripheral nervous system and serve to produce inhibitory functions through the G(i) proteins. Thus, the alpha-2 receptors inhibit adenylate cyclase, which decreases cAMP production and thereby decreases calcium influx during the action potential. Consequently, lowered levels of calcium will lead to a decrease in neurotransmitter release by negative feedback. Pssm-ID: 320446 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 261 Bit Score: 40.31 E-value: 1.44e-03
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| 7tmA_Mel1C | cd15401 | melatonin receptor subtype 1C, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
98-400 | 2.04e-03 | ||||||
melatonin receptor subtype 1C, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a naturally occurring sleep-promoting chemical found in vertebrates, invertebrates, bacteria, fungi, and plants. In mammals, melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland and is involved in regulation of circadian rhythms. Its production peaks during the nighttime, and is suppressed by light. Melatonin is shown to be synthesized in other organs and cells of many vertebrates, including the Harderian gland, leukocytes, skin, and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which contains several hundred times more melatonin than the pineal gland and is involved in the regulation of GI motility, inflammation, and sensation. Melatonin exerts its pleiotropic physiological effects through specific membrane receptors, named MT1A, MT1B, and MT1C, which belong to the class A rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptor family. MT1A and MT1B subtypes are present in mammals, whereas MT1C subtype has been found in amphibians and birds. The melatonin receptors couple to G proteins of the G(i/o) class, leading to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase. Pssm-ID: 320523 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 279 Bit Score: 39.89 E-value: 2.04e-03
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| 7tmA_Opsin_Gq_invertebrates | cd15337 | invertebrate Gq opsins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ... |
101-353 | 2.97e-03 | ||||||
invertebrate Gq opsins, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The invertebrate Gq-coupled opsin subfamily includes the arthropod and mollusc visual opsins. Like the vertebrate visual opsins, arthropods possess color vision by the use of multiple opsins sensitive to different light wavelengths. The invertebrate Gq opsins are closely related to the vertebrate melanopsins, the primary photoreceptor molecules for non-visual responses to light, and the R1-R6 photoreceptors, which are the fly equivalent to the vertebrate rods. The Gq opsins belong the class A of the G protein-coupled receptors and possess seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. Pssm-ID: 320459 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 292 Bit Score: 39.23 E-value: 2.97e-03
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| 7tmA_motilin_R | cd15132 | motilin receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled ... |
99-397 | 3.21e-03 | ||||||
motilin receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Motilin receptor, also known as GPR38, is a G-protein coupled receptor that binds the endogenous ligand motilin. Motilin is a 22 amino acid peptide hormone expressed throughout the gastrointestinal tract and stimulates contraction of gut smooth muscle. Motilin is also called as the housekeeper of the gut because it is responsible for the proper filling and emptying of the gastrointestinal tract in response to food intake, and for stimulating the production of pepsin. Motilin receptor shares significant amino acid sequence identity with the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) and neurotensin receptors (NTS-R1 and 2). Pssm-ID: 320260 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 289 Bit Score: 39.40 E-value: 3.21e-03
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| 7tmA_5-HT2 | cd15052 | serotonin receptor subtype 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
96-195 | 3.51e-03 | ||||||
serotonin receptor subtype 2, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The 5-HT2 receptors are a subfamily of serotonin receptors that bind the neurotransmitter serotonin (5HT; 5-hydroxytryptamine) in the central nervous system (CNS). The 5-HT2 subfamily is composed of three subtypes that mediate excitatory neurotransmission: 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C. They are selectively linked to G proteins of the G(q/11) family and activate phospholipase C, which leads to activation of protein kinase C and calcium release. In the CNS, serotonin is involved in the regulation of appetite, mood, sleep, cognition, learning and memory, as well as implicated in diseases such as migraine, schizophrenia, and depression. Indeed, 5-HT2 receptors are attractive targets for a variety of psychoactive drugs, ranging from atypical antipsychotic drugs, antidepressants, and anxiolytics, which have an antagonistic action on 5-HT2 receptors, to hallucinogens, which act as agonists at postsynaptic 5-HT2 receptors. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320180 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 262 Bit Score: 38.83 E-value: 3.51e-03
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| 7tmA_SSTR1 | cd15970 | somatostatin receptor type 1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
101-348 | 5.02e-03 | ||||||
somatostatin receptor type 1, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; G protein-coupled somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) are composed of five distinct subtypes (SSTR1-5) that display strong sequence similarity with opioid receptors. All five receptor subtypes bind the natural somatostatin (somatotropin release inhibiting factor), a polypeptide hormone that regulates a wide variety of physiological functions such as neurotransmission, cell proliferation, contractility of smooth muscle cells, and endocrine signaling as well as inhibition of the release of many secondary hormones. SSTR1 is coupled to a Na/H exchanger, voltage-dependent calcium channels, and AMPA/kainate glutamate channels. SSTR1 is expressed in the normal human pituitary and in nearly half of all pituitary adenoma subtypes. Pssm-ID: 320636 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 276 Bit Score: 38.74 E-value: 5.02e-03
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| 7tmA_TAAR5 | cd15318 | trace amine-associated receptor 5, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
100-349 | 6.69e-03 | ||||||
trace amine-associated receptor 5, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; The trace amine-associated receptor 5 is one of the 15 identified amine-activated G protein-coupled receptors (TAARs), a distinct subfamily within the class A G protein-coupled receptors. Trace amines are endogenous amines of unknown function that have strong structural and metabolic similarity to classical monoamine neurotransmitters (serotonin, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, and histamine), which play critical roles in human and animal physiological activities such as cognition, consciousness, mood, motivation, perception, and autonomic responses. However, trace amines are found in the mammalian brain at very low concentrations compared to classical monoamines. Trace amines, including p-tyramine, beta-phenylethylamine, and tryptamine, are also thought to act as chemical messengers to exert their biological effects in vertebrates. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320441 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 282 Bit Score: 38.30 E-value: 6.69e-03
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| 7tmA_TACR-like | cd15202 | tachykinin receptors and related receptors, member of the class A family of ... |
98-400 | 7.90e-03 | ||||||
tachykinin receptors and related receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; This group includes the neurokinin/tachykinin receptors and its closely related receptors such as orphan GPR83 and leucokinin-like peptide receptor. The tachykinins are widely distributed throughout the mammalian central and peripheral nervous systems and act as excitatory transmitters on neurons and cells in the gastrointestinal tract. The TKs are characterized by a common five-amino acid C-terminal sequence, Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2, where X is a hydrophobic residue. The three major mammalian tachykinins are substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB). The physiological actions of tachykinins are mediated through three types of receptors: neurokinin receptor type 1 (NK1R), NK2R, and NK3R. SP is a high-affinity endogenous ligand for NK1R, which interacts with the Gq protein and activates phospholipase C, leading to elevation of intracellular calcium. NK2R is a high-affinity receptor for NKA, the tachykinin neuropeptide substance K. SP and NKA are found in the enteric nervous system and mediate in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility, secretion, vascular permeability, and pain perception. NK3R is activated by its high-affinity ligand, NKB, which is primarily involved in the central nervous system and plays a critical role in the regulation of gonadotropin hormone release and the onset of puberty. Pssm-ID: 320330 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 288 Bit Score: 37.87 E-value: 7.90e-03
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| 7tmA_PrRP_R | cd15394 | prolactin-releasing peptide receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G ... |
90-398 | 7.90e-03 | ||||||
prolactin-releasing peptide receptor, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; Prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) receptor (previously known as GPR10) is expressed in the central nervous system with the highest levels located in the anterior pituitary and is activated by its endogenous ligand PrRP, a neuropeptide possessing a C-terminal Arg-Phe-amide motif. There are two active isoforms of PrRP in mammals: one consists of 20 amino acids (PrRP-20) and the other consists of 31 amino acids (PrRP-31), where PrRP-20 is a C-terminal fragment of PrRP-31. Binding of PrRP to the receptor coupled to G(i/o) proteins activates the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and it can also couple to G(q) protein leading to an increase in intracellular calcium and activation of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK). The PrRP receptor shares significant sequence homology with the neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor, and micromolar levels of NPY can bind and completely inhibit the PrRP-evoked intracellular calcium response in PrRP receptor-expressing cells, suggesting that the PrRP receptor shares a common ancestor with the NPY receptors. PrRP has been shown to reduce food intake and body weight and modify body temperature when administered in rats. It also has been shown to decrease circulating growth hormone levels by activating somatostatin-secreting neurons in the hypothalamic periventricular nucleus. Pssm-ID: 320516 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 286 Bit Score: 38.18 E-value: 7.90e-03
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| 7tmA_TAAR2_3_4 | cd15312 | trace amine-associated receptors 2, 3, 4, and similar receptors, member of the class A family ... |
96-224 | 9.20e-03 | ||||||
trace amine-associated receptors 2, 3, 4, and similar receptors, member of the class A family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors; TAAR2, TAAR3, and TAAR4 are among the 15 identified trace amine-associated receptor subtypes, which form a distinct subfamily within the class A G protein-coupled receptor family. Trace amines are endogenous amines of unknown function that have strong structural and metabolic similarity to classical monoamine neurotransmitters (serotonin, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopamine, and histamine), which play critical roles in human and animal physiological activities such as cognition, consciousness, mood, motivation, perception, and autonomic responses. However, trace amines are found in the mammalian brain at very low concentrations compared to classical monoamines. Trace amines, including p-tyramine, beta-phenylethylamine, and tryptamine, are also thought to act as chemical messengers to exert their biological effects in vertebrates. All GPCRs have a common structural architecture comprising of seven-transmembrane (TM) alpha-helices interconnected by three extracellular and three intracellular loops. A general feature of GPCR signaling is agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptors, leading to activation of the heterotrimeric G proteins, which consist of the guanine nucleotide-binding G-alpha subunit and the dimeric G-beta-gamma subunits. The activated G proteins then bind to and activate numerous downstream effector proteins, which generate second messengers that mediate a broad range of cellular and physiological processes. Pssm-ID: 320437 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 289 Bit Score: 37.72 E-value: 9.20e-03
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