high mobility group (HMG)-box found in structure-specific recognition protein 1 (SSRP1) and similar proteins; SSRP1, also called FACT complex subunit SSRP1, chromatin-specific transcription elongation factor 80 kDa subunit, facilitates chromatin transcription complex 80 kDa subunit (FACT 80 kDa subunit or FACTp80), facilitates chromatin transcription complex subunit SSRP1, recombination signal sequence recognition protein 1, or T160, is a factor that facilitates transcript elongation through nucleosomes. It is a component of the FACT complex, a general chromatin factor that acts to reorganize nucleosomes. The FACT complex is involved in multiple processes that require DNA as a template such as mRNA elongation, DNA replication, and DNA repair.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 4507241  549 RPMSAYMLWLNASREKIKSDHPGISITDLSKKAGEIWKGMSKEKKEEWDRKAEDARRDYEKAMKEYE 615
Cdd:cd21994   1 RPMSAYMLWLNENREKIKKENPGISVTEISKKAGEIWKELDEEDKEKWEQKAEKAKERYDKAMKEYK 67

Structure Specific Recognition protein 1 (SSRP1) Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, repeat 1; SSRP1 is a component of FACT (facilitator of chromatin transcription), an essential chromatin reorganizing factor. In yeast FACT (yFACT) is composed of three proteins: Spt16/Cdc68, Pob3, and Nhp6. In metazoans the Pob3 and Nhp6 orthologs are fused to form SSRP1/T160 in human and mouse, respectively. The middle domain of the Pob3 subunit (Pob3-M) has an unusual double pleckstrin homology (PH) architecture. yFACT interacts in a physiologically important way with the central single-strand DNA binding factor RPA to promote a step in DNA Replication. Coordinated function by yFACT and RPA is important during nucleosome deposition. These results support the model that the FACT family has an essential role in constructing nucleosomes during DNA replication, and suggest that RPA contributes to this process. Members of this cd are composed of the first PH-like repeat. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4507241  194 ATGDAICIFRELQCLTPRGRYDIRIYPTFLHLHGKTFDYKIPYTTVLRLFLLPHKDQRQMFFVISLDPPIKQGQTRYHFL 273
Cdd:cd13230   1 VTGDAIVTFEDILCLTPRGRYDIEMYPSFLRLHGKTYDYKIQYKSISRLFLLPKPDDRHVFFVISLDPPIRQGQTRYPFL 80

                        90       100       110       120       130
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 4507241  274 ILLFSKDEDISLTLNMNEEEVEKRFEGRLTKNMSGSLYEMVSRVMKALVNRKITVPG 330
Cdd:cd13230  81 VMQFDKDEEVELELNLTEEELEEKYKGKLEKEMSGPLYEVVSRVFKGLTGKKITVPG 137

Structure-specific recognition protein (SSRP1); SSRP1 has been implicated in transcriptional initiation and elongation and in DNA replication and repair. This domain belongs to the Pleckstrin homology fold superfamily.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 4507241    106 GWNWGTVKFGGQLLSFDIGDQPVFEIPLSNVSQCT-TGKNEVTLEFHQNDDAEVS---LMEVRFYVPPT 170
Cdd:pfam03531   1 GWNWGKADFEGSELSFNVDNKPAFEIPLSDVSNSNlPGKNEVALEFHQDDDADVNgdeLVEMRFYVPGT 69

high mobility group;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4507241     546 APKRPMSAYMLWLNASREKIKSDHPGISITDLSKKAGEIWKGMSKEKKEEWDRKAEDARRDYEKAMKEYE 615
Cdd:smart00398   1 KPKRPMSAFMLFSQENRAKIKAENPDLSNAEISKKLGERWKLLSEEEKAPYEEKAKKDKERYEEEMPEYK 70

high mobility group protein; Provisional

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4507241   525 MAKDRKSRKKPVevKKGKDPNAPKRPMSAYMLWLNASREKIKSDHPGIS--ITDLSKKAGEIWKGMSKEKKEEWDRKAED 602
Cdd:PTZ00199   3 KKQGKVLVRKNK--RKKKDPNAPKRALSAYMFFAKEKRAEIIAENPELAkdVAAVGKMVGEAWNKLSEEEKAPYEKKAQE 80

                         90
                 ....*....|...
gi 4507241   603 ARRDYEKAMKEYE 615
Cdd:PTZ00199  81 DKVRYEKEKAEYA 93

Structure Specific Recognition protein 1 (SSRP1) Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, repeat 1; SSRP1 is a component of FACT (facilitator of chromatin transcription), an essential chromatin reorganizing factor. In yeast FACT (yFACT) is composed of three proteins: Spt16/Cdc68, Pob3, and Nhp6. In metazoans the Pob3 and Nhp6 orthologs are fused to form SSRP1/T160 in human and mouse, respectively. The middle domain of the Pob3 subunit (Pob3-M) has an unusual double pleckstrin homology (PH) architecture. yFACT interacts in a physiologically important way with the central single-strand DNA binding factor RPA to promote a step in DNA Replication. Coordinated function by yFACT and RPA is important during nucleosome deposition. These results support the model that the FACT family has an essential role in constructing nucleosomes during DNA replication, and suggest that RPA contributes to this process. Members of this cd are composed of the first PH-like repeat. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4507241  194 ATGDAICIFRELQCLTPRGRYDIRIYPTFLHLHGKTFDYKIPYTTVLRLFLLPHKDQRQMFFVISLDPPIKQGQTRYHFL 273
Cdd:cd13230   1 VTGDAIVTFEDILCLTPRGRYDIEMYPSFLRLHGKTYDYKIQYKSISRLFLLPKPDDRHVFFVISLDPPIRQGQTRYPFL 80

                        90       100       110       120       130
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 4507241  274 ILLFSKDEDISLTLNMNEEEVEKRFEGRLTKNMSGSLYEMVSRVMKALVNRKITVPG 330
Cdd:cd13230  81 VMQFDKDEEVELELNLTEEELEEKYKGKLEKEMSGPLYEVVSRVFKGLTGKKITVPG 137

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in structure-specific recognition protein 1 (SSRP1) and similar proteins; SSRP1, also called FACT complex subunit SSRP1, chromatin-specific transcription elongation factor 80 kDa subunit, facilitates chromatin transcription complex 80 kDa subunit (FACT 80 kDa subunit or FACTp80), facilitates chromatin transcription complex subunit SSRP1, recombination signal sequence recognition protein 1, or T160, is a factor that facilitates transcript elongation through nucleosomes. It is a component of the FACT complex, a general chromatin factor that acts to reorganize nucleosomes. The FACT complex is involved in multiple processes that require DNA as a template such as mRNA elongation, DNA replication, and DNA repair.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 4507241  549 RPMSAYMLWLNASREKIKSDHPGISITDLSKKAGEIWKGMSKEKKEEWDRKAEDARRDYEKAMKEYE 615
Cdd:cd21994   1 RPMSAYMLWLNENREKIKKENPGISVTEISKKAGEIWKELDEEDKEKWEQKAEKAKERYDKAMKEYK 67

Histone chaperone Rttp106-like; This family includes Rttp106, a histone chaperone involved in heterochromatin-mediated silencing. This domain belongs to the Pleckstrin homology domain superfamily.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4507241    340 CITCSYKASSGLLYPLERGFIY-VHKPPVHIRFDEISFVNFARGTTTTRSFDFEIETKQGTQYTFSSIEREEYGKLFDFV 418
Cdd:pfam08512   2 GVKCSRKAKEGYLYPLEKCLLFgFKKPPLVIPLSDIESVSFERVSFTLRTFDLVIVLKKDPEYEFSMIDQEELDGIKDFL 81

                  ...
gi 4507241    419 NAK 421
Cdd:pfam08512  82 KSK 84

HMG (high mobility group) box;

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 4507241    547 PKRPMSAYMLWLNASREKIKSDHPGISITDLSKKAGEIWKGMSKEKKEEWDRKAEDARRDYEKAMKEY 614
Cdd:pfam00505   1 PKRPMSAFFLFSKEQRAKLKAENPGLKNAEISKILGEKWKALSEEEKKPYEEKAEKEKARYEKEHPEY 68

high mobility group;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4507241     546 APKRPMSAYMLWLNASREKIKSDHPGISITDLSKKAGEIWKGMSKEKKEEWDRKAEDARRDYEKAMKEYE 615
Cdd:smart00398   1 KPKRPMSAFMLFSQENRAKIKAENPDLSNAEISKKLGERWKLLSEEEKAPYEEKAKKDKERYEEEMPEYK 70

Chromatin-associated proteins containing the HMG domain [Chromatin structure and dynamics];

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4507241  525 MAKDRKSRKKPVEVKKGKDPNAPKRPMSAYMLWLNASREKIKSDHPGISITDLSKKAGEIWKGMSKEKKEEWDRKAEDAR 604
Cdd:COG5648  49 LTKPRKKTKSKRLVRKKKDPNGPKRPLSAYFLYSAENRDEIRKENPKLTFGEVGKLLSEKWKELTDEEKEPYYKEANSDR 128

                        90
                ....*....|.
gi 4507241  605 RDYEKAMKEYE 615
Cdd:COG5648 129 ERYQREKEEYN 139

second high mobility group (HMG)-box found in the high mobility group protein B (HMGB) family; HMGB proteins are chromatin-associated nuclear proteins that act as architectural factors in nucleoprotein structures, which regulate DNA-dependent processes including transcription. In mammals, four family members are present: HMGB1, HMGB2, HMGB3 and HMGB4. They regulate the expression of a wide range of genes through architectural remodeling of the chromatin structure. HMGB1, also called high mobility group protein 1 (HMG-1), is a prototypical alarmin or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule when released from cells. It plays important roles in the regulation of a wide range of processes, including transcription, replication, DNA repair, and nucleosome formation, in the nucleus. It also plays multiple roles in regulating inflammation and responses to cell and tissue stress. HMGB2, also called high mobility group protein 2 (HMG-2), has been implicated in numerous cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and tumor growth. It acts as a chromatin-associated nonhistone protein involved in transcriptional regulation and nucleic-acid-mediated innate immune responses in mammalian. It binds DNA to stabilize nucleosomes and promote transcription. HMGB3, also called high mobility group protein 2a (HMG-2a), or high mobility group protein 4 (HMG-4), is an X-linked member of HMGB family and functions as a universal sentinel for nucleic acid-mediated innate immune responses. HMGB3 has been implicated in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation, as well as inflammatory response. HMGB4 is expressed by neuronal cells and affects the expression of genes involved in neural differentiation. It is a factor that regulates chromatin and expression of neuronal differentiation markers. The family also includes high mobility group protein B1 pseudogene 1 (HMGB1P1) and nuclear auto-antigen Sp-100. HMGB1P1, also called putative high mobility group protein B1-like 1 (HMGB1L1), or putative high mobility group protein 1-like 1 (HMG-1L1), is an HMG-box containing protein that binds preferentially single-stranded DNA and unwinds double-stranded DNA. Sp-100, also called nuclear dot-associated Sp100 protein, or speckled 100 kDa. It is a tumor suppressor that is a major constituent of the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) bodies, a subnuclear organelle involved in many physiological processes including cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Through the regulation of ETS1, Sp-100 may play a role in angiogenesis, controlling endothelial cell motility and invasion. It may also play roles in the regulation of telomeres lengthening, TP53-mediated transcription, FAS-mediated apoptosis, etc. In addition, the family includes Drosophila melanogaster high mobility group protein DSP1 (dDSP1) and similar proteins. dDSP1, also called protein dorsal switch 1, is a Drosophila HMG1 protein that binds preferentially single-stranded DNA and unwinds double-stranded DNA. It converts Dorsal and nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B from transcriptional activators to repressors. Members of the HMGB family contain two HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the second one.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4507241  545 NAPKRPMSAYMLWLNASREKIKSDHPGISITDLSKKAGEIWKGMSKEKKEEWDRKAEDARRDYEKAMKEY 614
Cdd:cd21979   1 NAPKRPPSAFFLFCSEHRPKIKGEHPGLSIGDVAKKLGEMWNNTSAKDKQPYEKKAAKLKEKYEKDIAAY 70

second high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial ARS-binding factor 2 (ABF2), intrastrand cross-link recognition protein (Ixr1) and similar proteins; ABF2 is a close relative of the nuclear, chromosomal high-mobility group protein HMG1 in yeast mitochondria. It specifically binds to the autonomously replicating sequence 1 (ARS1). It might play a positive role in gene expression and replication. Ixr1, also called structure-specific recognition protein (SSRP), is a homolog of the yeast mitochondrial regulator ABF2. It binds to platinated DNA and confers sensitivity to the anticancer drug cisplatin. Both ABF2 and Ixr1 contain two HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the second one.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4507241  546 APKRPMSAYMLWLNASREKIKSDHPGISITDLSKKAGEIWKGMSKEKKEEWdrkaedaRRDYEKAMKEYE 615
Cdd:cd22012   1 PPKRPASAYFLFAKEVRPKLKEENPNEKYTDITKLISEKWRSLDESEKEPY-------QEEYEKALEEYE 63

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae repressor ROX1 and similar proteins; This family includes class I members of the HMG-box superfamily of DNA-binding proteins, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae repressor ROX1, Schizosaccharomyces pombe mating-type M-specific polypeptide Mc (mat-Mc), Schizosaccharomyces pombe transcription factor ste11, Podospora anserina MAT+ sexual cell fertilization-promoting factor (FPR1), Podospora anserina sporulation minus regulator 2 (SMR2) and Candida albicans repressor of filamentous growth 1 (RFG1). These proteins contain a single HMG box, and bind the minor groove of DNA in a highly sequence-specific manner. ROX1, also called heme-dependent repression factor, or hypoxic function repressor, is a transcription factor that represses the expression of HEM13, COX5B, ANB1, CYC7 or AAC3. It binds to the DNA sequence 5'-RRRTAACAAGAG-3'. mat-Mc belongs to the mating type protein family, which contains sequence specific DNA-binding proteins that act as master switches in yeast differentiation by controlling gene expression in a cell type-specific fashion. mat-Mc is a positive regulator of MFM genes and is required for conjugation and efficient meiosis. Its HMG box recognizes the DNA sequence 5'-AACAAAG-3'. Ste11 is a key transcription factor for sexual development. It activates the transcription of the matp, matm, mei2, mfm, ste6 and rgs1 genes. It binds specifically to a DNA fragment carrying a 10-base motif 5'-TTCTTTGTTY-3'. FPR1 controls fertilization, probably by determining the mating type. SMR2 is a transcription factor that is required for post-fertilization events. It is required for the developmental events that occur in the female organ after fertilization. RFG1 is a transcription regulator that functions in both the positive and negative regulation of filamentous growth, depending upon environmental conditions.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 4507241  547 PKRPMSAYMLWLNASREKIKSDHPGISITDLSKKAGEIWKGMSKEKKEEWDRKAEDARR 605
Cdd:cd01389   1 IPRPPNAFILFRKEKHKQLRAQNPGLTNSEISKIIGKMWKNLSEEEKEPYKELAEEEKE 59

first high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mitochondrial ARS-binding factor 2 (ABF2) and similar proteins; ABF2 is a close relative of the nuclear, chromosomal high-mobility group protein HMG1 in yeast mitochondria. It specifically binds to the autonomously replicating sequence 1 (ARS1). It might play a positive role in gene expression and replication. ABF2 contains two HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the first one.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 4507241  547 PKRPMSAYMLWLNASREKIKSDHPGISITDLSKKAGEIWKGMSKEKKEEWDRKAEDARRDYEKAMKEY 614
Cdd:cd22010   1 PKRPLSAYFLYFQEHRSDFVKENPDAKMTEISKIGGDKWKNLSADDKKKYEDDFQRELSEYQKAKAEF 68

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae non-histone protein 10 (NHP10) and similar proteins; NHP10, also called high mobility group protein 2, is probably involved in transcription regulation via its interaction with the INO80 complex, a chromatin remodeling complex.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4507241  540 KGKDPNAPKRPMSAYMLWLNASREKIKSD----HPGISITDLSKKAGEIWKGMSKE-KKEEWDRKAEDARRdYEKAMKEY 614
Cdd:cd22016   1 KEKDPNAPKRPANAFFLFCQEQREKVREEykeeHQEIDHHDLTKALAQAWRNLDAEdKKPYYELYEKDKER-YEKEMEEY 79

fourth high mobility group (HMG)-box found in upstream-binding factor 1 (UBF1) and similar proteins; UBF1, also called UBTF, nucleolar transcription factor 1, or auto-antigen NOR-90, is a nucleolar transcription factor that recognizes the ribosomal RNA gene promoter and activates transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I through cooperative interactions with the transcription factor SL1/TIF-IB complex. It binds specifically to the upstream control element. UBF1 contains six HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the fourth one.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 4507241  547 PKRPMSAYMLWLNASREKIKSDHPGISITDLSKKAGEIWKGMSKEKKEEWDRKAEDARRDYEK 609
Cdd:cd22001   3 PKRPISAMFIYSKEKRSKLKKKHPELSEQELTRLLAKKYNELPDKKKAKYKKKEALAKAEYEK 65

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in group E SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors; SoxE transcription factors includes three members: Sox8, Sox9, and Sox10. They function as important transcriptional regulators of neural differentiation and nervous system development. They regulate mammalian development directing sex determination, gliogenesis, pancreas specification and neural crest development. SOX-8 is specifically expressed by M cells in the intestinal epithelium. It acts as a transcription factor necessary for the maintenance of spermatogenesis. It may play a role in central nervous system, limb and facial development. SOX-9 is involved in cell differentiation, sex determination, and tumorigenesis. It plays a role in chondrocyte differentiation and skeletal development. SOX-10 plays a central role in the development of melanocytes and glial cells from neural crest precursors.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 4507241  548 KRPMSAYMLWLNASREKIKSDHPGISITDLSKKAGEIWKGMSKEKKEEWDRKAEDARRDYEKAMKEY 614
Cdd:cd22031   3 KRPMNAFMVWAQAARRKLADQYPHLHNAELSKTLGKLWRLLSESEKRPFIEEAERLRVQHKKDHPDY 69

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Arabidopsis thaliana high mobility group B protein 1 (HMGB1) and similar proteins; This subfamily contains a group of Arabidopsis thaliana HMGB family proteins, including HMGB1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 12 and 14. They bind preferentially to double-stranded DNA. HMGB1 modulates general plant growth and stress tolerance and confers sensitivity to salt and genotoxic (methyl methanesulfonate, MMS) stresses. HMGB2 and HMGB5 confer sensitivity to salt and drought stresses. HMGB7 is required for karyogamy during female gametophyte development, when the two polar nuclei fuse to form the diploid central cell nucleus. Members of this subfamily contain only one HMG-box domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4507241  548 KRPMSAYMLWLNASREKIKSDHPGISITDLSKKAGEIWKGMSKEKKEEWDRKAEDARRDY 607
Cdd:cd22005   1 KRPPTAFFLFLADFRKTYKKKNPDKSVKAVGKAAGEKWKSMSDEEKAPYVEKAEKEKAEY 60

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in high mobility group protein 20A (HMG20A) and similar proteins; HMG20A, also called HMG box-containing protein 20A, HMG domain-containing protein 1 (HMGXB1), HMG domain-containing protein HMGX1, HMGXB1, or iBRAF, is a chromatin-associated protein involved in neuronal differentiation and maturation. It is required for SNAI1-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition. HMG20A acts as an inhibitor of HMG20B.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 4507241  527 KDRKsRKKPVevkkgKDPNAPKRPMSAYMLWLNASREKIKSDHPGISITDLSKKAGEIWkgmSKEKKEEWDRKAEDARRD 606
Cdd:cd22017   7 KGRK-RKKPL-----RDSNAPKAPLTGYVRFMNERREQLRAERPDVPFPEITRMLGNEW---SKLPAEEKQRYLDEAEKD 77

                ....*....
gi 4507241  607 YEKAMKEYE 615
Cdd:cd22017  78 KERYMKELE 86

first high mobility group (HMG)-box found in the high mobility group protein B (HMGB) family; HMGB proteins are chromatin-associated nuclear proteins that act as architectural factors in nucleoprotein structures, which regulate DNA-dependent processes including transcription. In mammals, four family members are present: HMGB1, HMGB2, HMGB3 and HMGB4. They regulate the expression of a wide range of genes through architectural remodeling of the chromatin structure. HMGB1, also called high mobility group protein 1 (HMG-1), is a prototypical alarmin or damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule when released from cells. It plays important roles in the regulation of a wide range of processes, including transcription, replication, DNA repair, and nucleosome formation, in the nucleus. It also plays multiple roles in regulating inflammation and responses to cell and tissue stress. HMGB2, also called high mobility group protein 2 (HMG-2), has been implicated in numerous cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and tumor growth. It acts as a chromatin-associated nonhistone protein involved in transcriptional regulation and nucleic-acid-mediated innate immune responses in mammalian cells. It binds DNA to stabilize nucleosomes and promote transcription. HMGB3, also called high mobility group protein 2a (HMG-2a), or high mobility group protein 4 (HMG-4), is an X-linked member of the HMGB family that functions as a universal sentinel for nucleic acid-mediated innate immune responses. HMGB3 has been implicated in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation, as well as inflammatory responses. HMGB4 is expressed by neuronal cells and affects the expression of genes involved in neural differentiation. It is a factor that regulates chromatin and expression of neuronal differentiation markers. This family also includes high mobility group protein B1 pseudogene 1 (HMGB1P1) and nuclear auto-antigen Sp-100. HMGB1P1, also called putative high mobility group protein B1-like 1 (HMGB1L1), or putative high mobility group protein 1-like 1 (HMG-1L1), is an HMG-box containing protein that binds preferentially single-stranded DNA and unwinds double-stranded DNA. Sp-100, also called nuclear dot-associated Sp100 protein, or speckled 100 kDa, is a tumor suppressor that is a major constituent of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) bodies, a subnuclear organelle involved in many physiological processes including cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Through the regulation of ETS1, Sp-100 may play a role in angiogenesis, controlling endothelial cell motility and invasion. It may also play roles in the regulation of telomere lengthening, TP53-mediated transcription, FAS-mediated apoptosis, etc. In addition, the family includes Drosophila melanogaster high mobility group protein DSP1 (dDSP1) and similar proteins. dDSP1, also called protein dorsal switch 1, binds preferentially to single-stranded DNA and unwinds double-stranded DNA. It converts Dorsal and nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B from transcriptional activators to repressors. Members of the HMGB family contain two HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the first one.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 4507241  547 PKRPMSAYMLWLNASREKIKSDHPGISI--TDLSKKAGEIWKGMSKEKKEEWDRKAEDARRDYEKAMK 612
Cdd:cd21978   2 PRGKMSSYAFFVQTCREEHKKKHPNESVnfSEFSKKCSERWKTMSAKEKKKFEDMAKKDKARYEREMK 69

first high mobility group (HMG)-box found in Arabidopsis thaliana high mobility group B protein 6 (HMGB6) and similar proteins; HMGB6, also called nucleosome/chromatin assembly factor group D 06 (or D 6), WRKY transcription factor 53 (WRKY53), or WRKY DNA-binding protein 53, is a master regulator of age-induced leaf senescence. It acts in a complex transcription factor signaling network regulating senescence specific gene expression; hydrogen peroxide might be involved in signal transduction. The subfamily also includes Arabidopsis thaliana HMGB13 (also known as nucleosome/chromatin assembly factor group D 13). Both HMGB6 and HMGB13 contain three HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the first one.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 4507241  548 KRPMSAYMLWLNASREKIKSDHPGISITDLSKKAGEIWKGMSKEKKEEWDRKAEDARRDYEKAMKEY 614
Cdd:cd22006   1 KKPKTAYFLWCKDQREEVKKENPNADFSEVSKILGAKWKNLSEEEKKPYEEKYKEEKEKYLKVVGEE 67

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in group A, group B and group G of SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors; This subfamily includes SoxA, SoxB, and SoxG proteins. SRY is the only member of group A SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors. SRY, also called testis-determining factor, is a transcriptional regulator that controls a genetic switch in male development. It promotes DNA bending and is also involved in pre-mRNA splicing. The SRY HMG box recognizes DNA by partial intercalation in the minor groove. It binds to the DNA consensus sequence 5'-[AT]AACAA[AT]-3'. SoxB transcription factors play critical roles in the regulation of neurogenesis. They can be divided into two main subgroups, SoxB1 (Sox-1/Sox-2/Sox-3) and SoxB2 (SOX-14/SOX-21). SoxB1 proteins suppress neurogenesis by maintaining neural cells in an undifferentiated state. SoxB2 proteins may have the opposite activity and promote neuronal differentiation. SOX-5 is the only member of group G Sox transcription factors. It is also called SOX-12, SOX-20, SOX-26, or SOX-27. SOX-5 is a crucial transcription factor involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in cell fate determination. It binds to the 5'-AACAAT-3' sequence. SOX-15 can be a tumor suppressor in multiple cancer types.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 4507241  548 KRPMSAYMLWLNASREKIKSDHPGISITDLSKKAGEIWKGMSKEKKEEWdrkAEDARRDYEKAMKEY 614
Cdd:cd22028   3 KRPMNAFMVWSREQRRKIAQENPKMHNSEISKRLGAEWKQLSEDEKRPF---IDEAKRLRAQHMKEH 66

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 15 (SOX15) and similar proteins; SOX-15, also called SOX-12, SOX-20, SOX-26, or SOX-27, is a crucial transcription factor involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in cell fate determination. It binds to the 5'-AACAAT-3' sequence. SOX-15 can be a tumor suppressor in multiple cancer types. SOX-5 is the only member of group G SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 4507241  541 GKDP-NAPKRPMSAYMLWLNASREKIKSDHPGISITDLSKKAGEIWKGMSKEKKEEWdrkAEDARRDYEKAMKEY 614
Cdd:cd22035   1 GGDPlEKVKRPMNAFMVWSSAQRRQMAQEHPKMHNSEISKRLGAAWKLLPEAEKRPF---VEEAKRLRARHMRDY 72

second high mobility group (HMG)-box found in upstream-binding factor 1 (UBF1) and similar proteins; UBF1, also called UBTF, nucleolar transcription factor 1, or auto-antigen NOR-90, is a nucleolar transcription factor that recognizes the ribosomal RNA gene promoter and activates transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I through cooperative interactions with the transcription factor SL1/TIF-IB complex. It binds specifically to the upstream control element. UBF1 contains six HMG-box domains. This model corresponds to the second one.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 4507241  547 PKRPMSAYMLWLNASREKIKSDHPgiSITDLSKKAGEIWKGMSKEKKEEWDRKAEDARRDYEKAMKEY 614
Cdd:cd21999   1 PKKPKTPFQLFYNKELKKLEPGTP--DKKELKEKLREKWKQMSDKKKLKWINKALEDEKRYEEELKEY 66

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in high mobility group protein 20B (HMG20B) and similar proteins; HMG20B, also called SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily E member 1-related, SMARCE1-related protein (SMARCE1R), BRCA2-associated factor 35 (BRAF35), HMG box-containing protein 20B, HMG domain-containing protein 2 (HMGXB2), HMG domain-containing protein HMGX2, Sox-like transcriptional factor, or structural DNA-binding protein BRAF35, is a DNA binding factor that acts as a repressor of erythroid differentiation. It is required for correct progression through the G2 phase of the cell cycle and entry into mitosis. It is also required for RCOR1/CoREST mediated repression of neuronal specific gene promoters. HMG20B is a core subunit of the Lys-specific demethylase 1/REST co-repressor 1 (LSD1-CoREST) histone demethylase complex.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 4507241  547 PKRPMSAYMLWLNASREKIKSDHPGISITDLSKKAGEIWKGMSKEKKEEWDRKAEDARRDYEKAMKEYE 615
Cdd:cd22018   2 PKAPVTGYVRFLNERREQIRTQHPDLPFPEITKMLGAEWSKLQPHEKQRYLDEAERDKQQYMKELREYQ 70

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in the TOX high mobility group box family; The TOX family includes four members: TOX, TOX2, TOX3 and TOX4. TOX, also called thymus high mobility group box protein TOX, is a transcriptional regulator with a major role in neural stem cell commitment and corticogenesis as well as in lymphoid cell development and lymphoid tissue organogenesis. It binds to GC-rich DNA sequences in the proximity of transcription start sites and may alter chromatin structure, modifying access of transcription factors to DNA. TOX2, also called granulosa cell HMG box protein 1 (GCX-1), is a putative transcriptional activator involved in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system. TOX3, also called CAG trinucleotide repeat-containing gene F9 protein (CAGF9), or trinucleotide repeat-containing gene 9 protein (TNRC9), is a transcriptional coactivator of the p300/CBP-mediated transcription complex. It activates transactivation through cAMP response element (CRE) sites. It protects against cell death by inducing anti-apoptotic and repressing pro-apoptotic transcripts. TOX4, also called epidermal Langerhans cell protein LCP1, is a component of the PTW/PP1 phosphatase complex, which plays a role in the control of chromatin structure and cell cycle progression during the transition from mitosis into interphase. All family members contain one HMG-box domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 4507241  548 KRPMSAYMLWLNASREKIKSDHPGISITDLSKKAGEIWKGMSKEKKEEWDRKAEDARRDYEKAMKEY 614
Cdd:cd21995   1 QKPVSAYALFFRDTQAAIKGQNPNATFGEVSKIVASMWDSLDEEQKQVYKKKTEAAKKEYLKALAAY 67

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 30 (SOX30) and similar proteins; SOX-30 is a crucial transcription factor that controls the transition from a late meiotic to a post-meiotic gene expression program and subsequent round spermatid development. It specially prevents Wnt-signaling to suppress metastasis. SOX-30 binds to the DNA sequence 5'-ACAAT-3' and shows a preference for guanine residues surrounding this core motif. SOX-30 is the only member of the group H of SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 4507241  548 KRPMSAYMLWLNASREKIKSDHPGISITDLSKKAGEIWKGMSKEKK----EEWDRKAEDARRDY 607
Cdd:cd22033   3 KRPMNAFMVWARIHRPALAKANPNANNADISVQLGEEWNKLTEEQKkpyyDEAQKLKEQHRKEH 66

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in PMS1 protein homolog 1 (PMS1) and similar proteins; PMS1, also called DNA mismatch repair protein PMS1, is probably involved in the repair of mismatches in DNA.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 4507241  548 KRPMSAYMLWLNASREKIKSDHPGISITDLSKKAGEIWKGMSKEKKEEWDRKAEDARRDYEKAMK 612
Cdd:cd21985   3 RKPMSASALFEQETRPQFLAENPKASLQDITLKIEERWKNLSEEEKKKYEEKAAKDLERYNSQKK 67

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 7 (SOX7) and similar proteins; SOX-7 is an endothelial-associated transcription factor that acts as a tumor suppressor in a number of cancer types. It binds the DNA sequence 5'-AACAAT-3'. SOX-7 belongs to the group F of SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 4507241  539 KKGKDPNApKRPMSAYMLWLNASREKIKSDHPGISITDLSKKAGEIWKGMSKEKKEEWDRKAEDARRDYekaMKEY 614
Cdd:cd22046   5 EKGSEPRI-RRPMNAFMVWAKDERKRLAVQNPDLHNAELSKMLGKSWKALTPSQKRPYVEEAERLRVQH---MQDY 76

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 17 (SOX17) and similar proteins; SOX-17 is a developmental transcription regulator involved in endoderm formation, angiogenesis, and carcinogenesis. It acts as a tumor suppressor and modulates WNT signaling. SOX-17 binds target promoter DNA and bends the DNA. It binds to the sequences 5'-AACAAT-'3 or 5'-AACAAAG-3'. SOX-17 belongs to the group F of SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 4507241  548 KRPMSAYMLWLNASREKIKSDHPGISITDLSKKAGEIWKGMSKEKKEEWDRKAEDAR 604
Cdd:cd22047   8 RRPMNAFMVWAKDERKRLAQQNPDLHNAELSKMLGKSWKALTLAEKRPFVEEAERLR 64

high mobility group (HMG)-box found in sex determining region Y (SRY)-box 18 (SOX18) and similar proteins; SOX-18 is a transcription factor involved in the development of cardiovascular and lymphatic vessels during embryonic development. It binds to the consensus sequence 5'-AACAAAG-3' and is able to trans-activate transcription via this site. SOX-18 belongs to the group F of SRY-related high-mobility group (HMG) box (Sox) transcription factors.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 4507241  548 KRPMSAYMLWLNASREKIKSDHPGISITDLSKKAGEIWKGMSKEKKEEWDRKAEDAR 604
Cdd:cd22048   5 RRPMNAFMVWAKDERKRLAQQNPDLHNAVLSKMLGQSWKSLSAAEKRPFVEEAERLR 61