RING finger- and WD40-associated ubiquitin-like (RAWUL) domain found in polycomb group RING finger protein 4 (PCGF4); PCGF4, also termed polycomb complex protein BMI-1 (B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1), or RING finger protein 51 (RNF51), is one of six PcG RING finger (PCGF) homologs (PCGF1/NSPc1, PCGF2/Mel-18, PCGF3, PCGF4/BMI1, PCGF5, and PCGF6/MBLR) and serves as the core component of a canonical Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1), which is composed of a chromodomain-containing protein (CBX2, CBX4, CBX6, CBX7 or CBX8) and a Polyhomeotic protein (PHC1, PHC2, or PHC3), and plays important roles in chromatin compaction and H2AK119 monoubiquitination. PCGF4 associates with the Runx1/CBFbeta transcription factor complex to silence target gene in a PRC2-independent manner. Moreover, PCGF4 is expressed in the hair cells and supporting cells. It can regulate cell survival by controlling mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in thymocytes and neurons, thus having an important role in the survival and sensitivity to ototoxic drug of auditory hair cells. Furthermore, PCGF4 controls memory CD4 T-cell survival through direct repression of Noxa gene in an Ink4a- and Arf-independent manner. It is required in neurons to suppress p53-induced apoptosis via regulating the antioxidant defensive response, and also involved in the tumorigenesis of various cancer types. PCGF4 contains a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, and a RAWUL domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2695401863 130 IISLSIEFFDQNRLDRKVNKDKEKSKEEVNDKRYLRCPAAMTVMHLRKFLRSKMDIPNTFQIDVMYEEEPLKDYYTLMDI 209
Cdd:cd17165     1 IISLSIEFFDQNKLERKGNKDKEKSKEEVNDKRYLRCPAAMTVMHLRKFLRSKMDIPSTFQIDVMYEEEPLKDYYTLMDI 80

                          90
                  ....*....|....*..
gi 2695401863 210 AYIYTWRRNGPLPLKYR 226
Cdd:cd17165    81 AYIYTWRRNGPLPLKYR 97

RING finger- and WD40-associated ubiquitin-like (RAWUL) domain found in polycomb group RING finger protein 4 (PCGF4); PCGF4, also termed polycomb complex protein BMI-1 (B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1), or RING finger protein 51 (RNF51), is one of six PcG RING finger (PCGF) homologs (PCGF1/NSPc1, PCGF2/Mel-18, PCGF3, PCGF4/BMI1, PCGF5, and PCGF6/MBLR) and serves as the core component of a canonical Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1), which is composed of a chromodomain-containing protein (CBX2, CBX4, CBX6, CBX7 or CBX8) and a Polyhomeotic protein (PHC1, PHC2, or PHC3), and plays important roles in chromatin compaction and H2AK119 monoubiquitination. PCGF4 associates with the Runx1/CBFbeta transcription factor complex to silence target gene in a PRC2-independent manner. Moreover, PCGF4 is expressed in the hair cells and supporting cells. It can regulate cell survival by controlling mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in thymocytes and neurons, thus having an important role in the survival and sensitivity to ototoxic drug of auditory hair cells. Furthermore, PCGF4 controls memory CD4 T-cell survival through direct repression of Noxa gene in an Ink4a- and Arf-independent manner. It is required in neurons to suppress p53-induced apoptosis via regulating the antioxidant defensive response, and also involved in the tumorigenesis of various cancer types. PCGF4 contains a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, and a RAWUL domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2695401863 130 IISLSIEFFDQNRLDRKVNKDKEKSKEEVNDKRYLRCPAAMTVMHLRKFLRSKMDIPNTFQIDVMYEEEPLKDYYTLMDI 209
Cdd:cd17165     1 IISLSIEFFDQNKLERKGNKDKEKSKEEVNDKRYLRCPAAMTVMHLRKFLRSKMDIPSTFQIDVMYEEEPLKDYYTLMDI 80

                          90
                  ....*....|....*..
gi 2695401863 210 AYIYTWRRNGPLPLKYR 226
Cdd:cd17165    81 AYIYTWRRNGPLPLKYR 97

RAWUL domain RING finger- and WD40-associated ubiquitin-like; The RAWUL domain is found at the C-terminus of poly-comb group RING finger proteins. It is a ubiquitin-like domain. RAWUL binds directly to PUFD, a domain on BCOR proteins (BCL6 corepressor). BCOR has emerged as an important player in development and health.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 2695401863 162 RYLRCPAAMTVMHLRKFLRSKMDIP--NTFQIDVMYEEEPLKDYYTLmDIAYIYTWRRNGPLPLKYR 226
Cdd:pfam16207   1 RYLKCPANATVDHLKKYLAMKLGLElqNEYIVEILYNGEPLPDSYTL-DVAYIKYWKRNAPLELYYR 66

Ring finger; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity is intrinsic to the RING domain of c-Cbl and is likely to be a general function of this domain; Various RING fingers exhibit binding activity towards E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (Ubc' s)

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2695401863   18 CVLCGGYFIDATTIIECLHSFCKTCIVRYLETS-KYCPIC 56
Cdd:smart00184   1 CPICLEEYLKDPVILPCGHTFCRSCIRKWLESGnNTCPIC 40

DNA repair protein rad18; All proteins in this family for which functions are known are involved in nucleotide excision repair.This family is based on the phylogenomic analysis of JA Eisen (1999, Ph.D. Thesis, Stanford University). [DNA metabolism, DNA replication, recombination, and repair]

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2695401863   8 KITELNP---HLMCVLCGGYFiDATTIIECLHSFCKTCIVRYLETSKYCPICDVQVHKTRpllnIRSDKTLQDIVYKlvp 84
Cdd:TIGR00599  16 PIPSLYPldtSLRCHICKDFF-DVPVLTSCSHTFCSLCIRRCLSNQPKCPLCRAEDQESK----LRSNWLVSEIVES--- 87

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2695401863  85 glFKNEMKRRRDFYAAHPSADAANGsnEDRGEVADEDKRIITDDEIISLSIEFFDQNRLDRKVNKDKEKSKEEV------ 158
Cdd:TIGR00599  88 --FKNLRPSLLEFLRIPKTTPVENP--DLAGPENSSKIELIEESESDGVDAEDEDLQRSATSSRALAARSTADIlqlssd 163

                         170       180       190
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2695401863 159 ----NDKRYLR---------CPAAMTVMHLRKFLR 180
Cdd:TIGR00599 164 pskrNDADYRSeppneglvqCPICQQRMPEKAVER 198

RING finger- and WD40-associated ubiquitin-like (RAWUL) domain found in polycomb group RING finger protein 4 (PCGF4); PCGF4, also termed polycomb complex protein BMI-1 (B cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1), or RING finger protein 51 (RNF51), is one of six PcG RING finger (PCGF) homologs (PCGF1/NSPc1, PCGF2/Mel-18, PCGF3, PCGF4/BMI1, PCGF5, and PCGF6/MBLR) and serves as the core component of a canonical Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1), which is composed of a chromodomain-containing protein (CBX2, CBX4, CBX6, CBX7 or CBX8) and a Polyhomeotic protein (PHC1, PHC2, or PHC3), and plays important roles in chromatin compaction and H2AK119 monoubiquitination. PCGF4 associates with the Runx1/CBFbeta transcription factor complex to silence target gene in a PRC2-independent manner. Moreover, PCGF4 is expressed in the hair cells and supporting cells. It can regulate cell survival by controlling mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in thymocytes and neurons, thus having an important role in the survival and sensitivity to ototoxic drug of auditory hair cells. Furthermore, PCGF4 controls memory CD4 T-cell survival through direct repression of Noxa gene in an Ink4a- and Arf-independent manner. It is required in neurons to suppress p53-induced apoptosis via regulating the antioxidant defensive response, and also involved in the tumorigenesis of various cancer types. PCGF4 contains a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, and a RAWUL domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2695401863 130 IISLSIEFFDQNRLDRKVNKDKEKSKEEVNDKRYLRCPAAMTVMHLRKFLRSKMDIPNTFQIDVMYEEEPLKDYYTLMDI 209
Cdd:cd17165     1 IISLSIEFFDQNKLERKGNKDKEKSKEEVNDKRYLRCPAAMTVMHLRKFLRSKMDIPSTFQIDVMYEEEPLKDYYTLMDI 80

                          90
                  ....*....|....*..
gi 2695401863 210 AYIYTWRRNGPLPLKYR 226
Cdd:cd17165    81 AYIYTWRRNGPLPLKYR 97

RING finger found in polycomb group RING finger protein 2 (PCGF2) and similar proteins; PCGF2, also known as DNA-binding protein Mel-18, RING finger protein 110 (RNF110), or zinc finger protein 144 (ZNF144), is one of six PcG RING finger (PCGF) homologs (PCGF1/NSPc1, PCGF2/Mel-18, PCGF3, PCGF4/BMI1, PCGF5, and PCGF6/MBLR). It serves as the core component of a canonical Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1), which is composed of a chromodomain-containing protein (CBX2, CBX4, CBX6, CBX7 or CBX8) and a Polyhomeotic protein (PHC1, PHC2, or PHC3). Like other PCGF homologs, PCGF2 associates with ring finger protein 2 (RNF2) to form a RNF2-PCGF heterodimer, which is catalytically competent as an E3 ubiquitin transferase and is the scaffold for the assembly of additional components. Moreover, PCGF2 uniquely regulates PRC1 to specify mesoderm cell fate in embryonic stem cells. It is required for PRC1 stability and maintenance of gene repression in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and essential for ESC differentiation into early cardiac-mesoderm precursors. PCGF2 also plays a significant role in the angiogenic function of endothelial cells (ECs) by regulating endothelial gene expression. Furthermore, PCGF2 is a SUMO-dependent regulator of hormone receptors. It facilitates the deSUMOylation process by inhibiting PCGF4/BMI1-mediated ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of SUMO1/sentrin-specific protease 1 (SENP1). It is also a novel negative regulator of breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) that inhibits the stem cell population and in vitro and in vivo self-renewal through the inactivation of Wnt-mediated Notch signaling. PCGF2 contains a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2695401863   2 HRTTRIKITELNPHLMCVLCGGYFIDATTIIECLHSFCKTCIVRYLETSKYCPICDVQVHKTRPLLNIRSDKTLQDIVYK 81
Cdd:cd16734     1 HRTTRIKITELNPHLMCALCGGYFIDAATIVECLHSFCKTCIVRYLETNKYCPMCDVQVHKTRPLLSIRSDKTLQDIVYK 80

RING finger- and WD40-associated ubiquitin-like (RAWUL) domain found in polycomb group RING finger proteins PCGF2, PCGF4, and similar proteins; This family includes polycomb group RING finger proteins, PCGF2 (also known as Mel-18, or RNF110, or ZNF144) and PCGF4 (also known as BMI-1, or RNF51), both serving as the core component of a canonical polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1). PRC1 is composed of a chromodomain-containing protein (CBX2, CBX4, CBX6, CBX7 or CBX8) and a polyhomeotic protein (PHC1, PHC2, or PHC3). Like other PCGF homologs, PCGF2 associates with ring finger protein 2 (RNF2) to form a RNF2-PCGF heterodimer, which is catalytically competent as an E3 ubiquitin transferase and is the scaffold for the assembly of additional components. PCGF4 associates with the Runx1/CBFbeta transcription factor complex to silence the target gene in a PRC2-independent manner. Both, PCGF2 and PCGF4, contain a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and a RAWUL domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2695401863 130 IISLSIEFFDQNRLDRKVN-----------KDKEKSKEEVNDKRYLRCPAAMTVMHLRKFLRSKMDIPNTFQIDVMYEEE 198
Cdd:cd17082     1 LISLSLEYYSPLRNQRKSEpesakepnvslKELEKEEVQVPDKRYLRCPAAVTVGHLKKFIRMKFDLPPSYEVEIMYSDE 80

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2695401863 199 PLKDYYTLMDIAYIYTWRRNGPLPLKYR 226
Cdd:cd17082    81 VLPDDYTLMDVAYIYTWRRKSPLRLYYR 108

RING finger, HC subclass, found in polycomb group RING finger protein 1 (PCGF1) and similar proteins; PCGF1, also known as nervous system Polycomb-1 (NSPc1) or RING finger protein 68 (RNF68), is one of six PcG RING finger (PCGF) homologs (PCGF1/NSPc1, PCGF2/Mel-18, PCGF3, PCGF4/BMI1, PCGF5, and PCGF6/MBLR). It serves as the core component of a noncanonical Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1)-like BCOR complex that also contains RING1, RNF2, RYBP, SKP1, as well as the BCL6 co-repressor BCOR and the histone demethylase KDM2B, and is required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of some genes, such as Hox genes, BCL6 and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, CDKN1A. PCGF1 promotes cell cycle progression and enhances cell proliferation as well. It is a cell growth regulator that acts as a transcriptional repressor of p21Waf1/Cip1 via the retinoid acid response element (RARE element). Moreover, PCGF1 functions as an epigenetic regulator involved in hematopoietic cell differentiation. It cooperates with the transcription factor runt-related transcription factor 1 (Runx1) in regulating differentiation and self-renewal of hematopoietic cells. Furthermore, PCGF1 represents a physical and functional link between Polycomb function and pluripotency. PCGF1 contains a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2695401863   7 IKITELNPHLMCVLCGGYFIDATTIIECLHSFCKTCIVRYLETSKYCPICDVQVHKTRPLLNIRSDKTLQD 77
Cdd:cd16733     1 VKIKDLNEHIVCYLCAGYFIDATTITECLHTFCKSCIVKYLQTSKYCPMCNIKIHETQPLLNLKLDRVMQD 71

RAWUL domain RING finger- and WD40-associated ubiquitin-like; The RAWUL domain is found at the C-terminus of poly-comb group RING finger proteins. It is a ubiquitin-like domain. RAWUL binds directly to PUFD, a domain on BCOR proteins (BCL6 corepressor). BCOR has emerged as an important player in development and health.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 2695401863 162 RYLRCPAAMTVMHLRKFLRSKMDIP--NTFQIDVMYEEEPLKDYYTLmDIAYIYTWRRNGPLPLKYR 226
Cdd:pfam16207   1 RYLKCPANATVDHLKKYLAMKLGLElqNEYIVEILYNGEPLPDSYTL-DVAYIKYWKRNAPLELYYR 66

RING finger found in polycomb group RING finger protein 6 (PCGF6) and similar proteins; PCGF6, also known as Mel18 and Bmi1-like RING finger (MBLR), or RING finger protein 134 (RNF134), is one of six PcG RING finger (PCGF) homologs (PCGF1/NSPc1, PCGF2/Mel-18, PCGF3, PCGF4/BMI1, PCGF5, and PCGF6/MBLR). It serves as the core component of a noncanonical Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1)-like L3MBTL2 complex, which is composed of some canonical components, such as RNF2, CBX3, CXB4, CXB6, CXB7, and CXB8, as well as some noncanonical components, such as L3MBTL2, E2F6, WDR5, HDAC1, and RYBP, and plays a critical role in epigenetic transcriptional silencing in higher eukaryotes. Like other PCGF homologs, PCGF6 possesses the transcriptional repression activity, and also associates with ring finger protein 2 (RNF2) to form a RNF2-PCGF heterodimer, which is catalytically competent as an E3 ubiquitin transferase and is the scaffold for the assembly of additional components. Moreover, PCGF6 can regulate the enzymatic activity of JARID1d/KDM5D, a trimethyl H3K4 demethylase, through direct interaction. Furthermore, PCGF6 is expressed predominantly in meiotic and post-meiotic male germ cells and may play important roles in mammalian male germ cell development. It also regulates mesodermal lineage differentiation in mammalian embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and functions in induced pluripotent stem (iPS) reprogramming. The activity of PCGF6 is found to be regulated by cell cycle dependent phosphorylation. PCGF6 contains a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2695401863   9 ITELNPHLMCVLCGGYFIDATTIIECLHSFCKTCIVRYLETSKYCPICDVQVHKTRPL 66
Cdd:cd16738     1 LAELNPYILCSICKGYFIDATTITECLHTFCKSCIVRHFYYSNRCPKCNIVVHQTQPL 58

Zinc finger, C3HC4 type (RING finger); The C3HC4 type zinc-finger (RING finger) is a cysteine-rich domain of 40 to 60 residues that coordinates two zinc ions, and has the consensus sequence: C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)-H-X(2-3)-C-X2-C-X(4-48)-C-X2-C where X is any amino acid. Many proteins containing a RING finger play a key role in the ubiquitination pathway.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2695401863  18 CVLCGGYFIDATTIIECLHSFCKTCIVRYLE-TSKYCPIC 56
Cdd:pfam00097   1 CPICLEEPKDPVTLLPCGHLFCSKCIRSWLEsGNVTCPLC 40

RING finger- and WD40-associated ubiquitin-like (RAWUL) domain found in polycomb group RING finger protein 6 (PCGF6) and similar proteins; PCGF6, also termed Mel18 and Bmi1-like RING finger (MBLR), or RING finger protein 134 (RNF134), is one of six PcG RING finger (PCGF) homologs (PCGF1/NSPc1, PCGF2/Mel-18, PCGF3, PCGF4/BMI1, PCGF5 and PCGF6/MBLR), and serves as the core component of a noncanonical Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1)-like L3MBTL2 complex, which is composed of some canonical components, such as RNF2, CBX3, CXB4, CXB6, CXB7 and CXB8, as well as some noncanonical components, such as L3MBTL2, E2F6, WDR5, HDAC1 and RYBP, and plays critical roles in epigenetic transcriptional silencing in higher eukaryotes. Like other PCGF homologs, PCGF6 possesses the transcriptional repression activity, and also associates with ring finger protein 2 (RNF2) to form a RNF2-PCGF heterodimer, which is catalytically competent as an E3 ubiquitin transferase and is the scaffold for the assembly of additional components. Moreover, PCGF6 can regulate the enzymatic activity of JARID1d/KDM5D, a trimethyl H3K4 demethylase, through the direct interaction with it. Furthermore, PCGF6 is expressed predominantly in meiotic and post-meiotic male germ cells and may play important roles in mammalian male germ cell development. It also regulates mesodermal lineage differentiation in mammalian embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and functions in induced pluripotent stem (iPS) reprogramming. The activity of PCGF6 is found to be regulated by cell cycle dependent phosphorylation. PCGF6 contains a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, and a RAWUL domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 2695401863 131 ISLSIEFfdqnrldrkVNKDKEKSKEEVNDKRYLRCPAAMTVMHLRKFLRSKMDIPNTFQIDVMYEEEPLKDYYTLMDI 209
Cdd:cd17085     2 VSLLLEF---------IGAQEGSDNFKPLEKKYIRVSGEATVGHVEKFLRKKLNLDSTCEVDILCGEHILENYQTLREI 71

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 8 (RNF8) and similar proteins; RNF8 is a telomere-associated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays an important role in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair via histone ubiquitination. It is localized in the nucleus and interacts with class III E2s (UBE2E2, UbcH6, and UBE2E3), but not with other E2s (UbcH5, UbcH7, UbcH10, hCdc34, and hBendless). It recruits UBC13 for lysine 63-based self polyubiquitylation. Its deficiency causes neuronal pathology and cognitive decline, and its loss results in neuron degeneration. RNF8, together with RNF168, catalyzes a series of ubiquitylation events on substrates such as H2A and H2AX, with the H2AK13/15 ubiquitylation being particularly important for recruitment of repair factors p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) or the RAP80-BRCA1 complex to sites of DSBs. RNF8 mediates the ubiquitination of gammaH2AX, and recruits 53BP1 and BRCA1 to DNA damage sites which promotes DNA damage response (DDR) and inhibits chromosomal instability. Moreover, RNF8 interacts with retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR alpha) and enhances its transcription-stimulating activity. It also regulates the rate of exit from mitosis and cytokinesis. RNF8 contains an N-terminal forkhead-associated (FHA) domain and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2695401863  16 LMCVLCGGYFIDATTIiECLHSFCKTCIVRYLETSKYCPIC 56
Cdd:cd16535     2 LQCSICSELFIEAVTL-NCSHSFCSYCITEWMKRKKECPIC 41

Ring finger; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity is intrinsic to the RING domain of c-Cbl and is likely to be a general function of this domain; Various RING fingers exhibit binding activity towards E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (Ubc' s)

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2695401863   18 CVLCGGYFIDATTIIECLHSFCKTCIVRYLETS-KYCPIC 56
Cdd:smart00184   1 CPICLEEYLKDPVILPCGHTFCRSCIRKWLESGnNTCPIC 40

RING finger- and WD40-associated ubiquitin-like (RAWUL) domain found in polycomb group RING finger protein 5 (PCGF5) and similar proteins; PCGF5, also termed RING finger protein 159 (RNF159), is one of six PcG RING finger (PCGF) homologs (PCGF1/NSPc1, PCGF2/Mel-18, PCGF3, PCGF4/BMI1, PCGF5, and PCGF6/MBLR) and serves as the core component of a Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1). Like other PCGF homologs, PCGF5 associates with ring finger protein 2 (RNF2) to form a RNF2-PCGF heterodimer, which is catalytically competent as an E3 ubiquitin transferase and is the scaffold for the assembly of additional components. PCGF5 contains a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, and a RAWUL domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 2695401863 161 KRYLRCPAAMTVMHLRKFLRSKMDIPNTFQIDVMYEEEPLKDYYTlMDIAYIYTWRRNG----PLPLKYRVR 228
Cdd:cd17084    27 KKFIRCSSRVTVGTIKKFLSLKLKLPSSYELDVLCNGEIMGKDHT-LEFIYMTRWRLRGensyPMVLQYRPR 97

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 39 (RNF39) and similar proteins; RNF39, also called protein HZFw, may play a role in prolonged long term-potentiation (LTP) maintenance. It is involved in the etiology of Behcet's disease (BD). It may also be involved in HIV-1 replication. RNF39 acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that inhibits retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) pathways by mediating K48-linked ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of DDX3X (DEAD-box RNA helicase 3, X-linked). RNF39 contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2695401863  18 CVLCGGYFIDATtIIECLHSFCKTCIVRYLETSK---------YCPIC 56
Cdd:cd16592     7 CPICLGYFKDPV-ILDCEHSFCRACIARHWGQEAmegngaegvFCPQC 53

RING finger, HC subclass, found in checkpoint with forkhead and RING finger domains protein (CHFR); CHFR, also known as RING finger protein 196 (RNF196), is a checkpoint protein that delays entry into mitosis in response to stress. It functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that ubiquitinates and degrades its target proteins, such as Aurora-A, Plk1, Kif22, and PARP-1, which are critical for proper mitotic transitions. It also plays an important role in cell cycle progression and tumor suppression, and is negatively regulated by SUMOylation-mediated proteasomal ubiquitylation. Moreover, CHFR is involved in the early stage of the DNA damage response, which mediates the crosstalk between ubiquitination and poly-ADP-ribosylation. CHFR contains a fork head associated (FHA) domain and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2695401863  14 PHLMCVLCGGYFIDATTIIECLHSFCKTCIVRYLETSKY-CPICDVQV 60
Cdd:cd16503     1 ENLTCSICQDLLHDCVSLQPCMHNFCAACYSDWMERSNTeCPTCRATV 48

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 39 (TRIM39) and similar proteins; TRIM39, also known as RING finger protein 23 (RNF23) or testis-abundant finger protein, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays a role in controlling DNA damage-induced apoptosis through inhibition of the anaphase promoting complex (APC/C), a multiprotein ubiquitin ligase that controls multiple cell cycle regulators, including cyclins, geminin, and others. TRIM39 also functions as a regulator of several key processes in the proliferative cycle. It directly regulates p53 stability. It modulates cell cycle progression and DNA damage responses via stabilizing p21. Moreover, TRIM39 negatively regulates the nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB)-mediated signaling pathway through stabilization of Cactin, an inhibitor of NFkappaB- and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated transcription, which is induced by inflammatory stimulants such as tumor necrosis factor alpha. Furthermore, TRIM39 is a MOAP-1-binding protein that can promote apoptosis signaling through stabilization of MOAP-1 via the inhibition of its poly-ubiquitination process. TRIM39 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2695401863  15 HLMCVLCGGYFIDATtIIECLHSFCKTCIVRYLETSKY---CPIC 56
Cdd:cd16601     1 EASCSLCKEYLKDPV-IIECGHNFCRACITRFWEELDGdfpCPQC 44

RING finger, HC subclass, found in postreplication repair protein RAD18 and similar proteins; RAD18, also known as HR18 or RING finger protein 73 (RNF73), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in post replication repair of UV-damaged DNA via its recruitment to stalled replication forks. It associates to the E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBE2B to form the UBE2B-RAD18 ubiquitin ligase complex involved in mono-ubiquitination of DNA-associated PCNA on K164. It also interacts with another E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme RAD6 to form a complex that monoubiquitinates proliferating cell nuclear antigen at stalled replication forks in DNA translesion synthesis. Moreover, Rad18 is a key factor in double-strand break DNA damage response (DDR) pathways via its association with K63-linked polyubiquitylated chromatin proteins. It can function as a mediator for DNA damage response signals to activate the G2/M checkpoint in order to maintain genome integrity and cell survival after ionizing radiation (IR) exposure. RAD18 contains a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a ubiquitin-binding zinc finger domain (UBZ), a SAP (SAF-A/B, Acinus and PIAS) domain, and a RAD6-binding domain (R6BD).

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2695401863  16 LMCVLCGGYFIDATTIIECLHSFCKTCIVRYLETSKYCPIC 56
Cdd:cd16529     5 LRCPICFEYFNTAMMITQCSHNYCSLCIRRFLSYKTQCPTC 45

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 222 (RNF222) and similar proteins; RNF222 is an uncharacterized C3HC4-type RING-HC finger-containing protein. It may function as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2695401863  18 CVLCGGYFIDATTIIECLHSFCKTCIVRYL-ETSKYCPICD 57
Cdd:cd16564     3 CPVCYEDFDDAPRILSCGHSFCEDCLVKQLvSMTISCPICR 43

second RING finger, HC subclass, found in the LON peptidase N-terminal domain and RING finger protein family; The LON peptidase N-terminal domain and RING finger protein family includes LONRF1 (also known as RING finger protein 191 or RNF191), LONRF2 (also known as RING finger protein 192, RNF192, or neuroblastoma apoptosis-related protease), LONRF3 (also known as RING finger protein 127 or RNF127), which are characterized by containing two C3HC4-type RING-HC fingers, four tetratricopeptide (TPR) repeats, and an ATP-dependent protease La (LON) substrate-binding domain at the C-terminus. Their biological functions remain unclear. This model corresponds to the second RING-HC finger.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 2695401863  18 CVLCGGYFIDATTIiECLHSFCKTCIVRYLETSKYCPIC 56
Cdd:cd16514     4 CSLCLRLLYEPVTT-PCGHTFCRACLERCLDHSPKCPLC 41

Variant RING finger, HC subclass (C4C4-type), found in retinoblastoma-binding protein 6 (RBBP6) and similar proteins; RBBP6, also known as proliferation potential-related protein, protein P2P-R, retinoblastoma-binding Q protein 1 (RBQ-1), or p53-associated cellular protein of testis (PACT), is a nuclear E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in multiple processes, such as the control of gene expression, mitosis, cell differentiation, and cell apoptosis. It plays a role in both promoting and inhibiting apoptosis in many human cancers, including esophageal, lung, hepatocellular, and colon cancers, familial myeloproliferative neoplasms, as well as in human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). It functions as an Rb- and p53-binding protein that plays an important role in chaperone-mediated ubiquitination and possibly in protein quality control. It acts as a scaffold protein to promote the assembly of the p53/TP53-MDM2 complex, resulting in an increase of MDM2-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of p53/TP53, and leading to both apoptosis and cell growth. It is also a double-stranded RNA-binding protein that plays a role in mRNA processing by regulating the human polyadenylation machinery and modulating expression of mRNAs with AU-rich 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). Moreover, RBBP6 ubiquitinates and destabilizes the transcriptional repressor ZBTB38 that negatively regulates transcription and levels of the MCM10 replication factor on chromatin. Furthermore, RBBP6 is involved in tunicamycin-induced apoptosis by mediating protein kinase (PKR) activation. RBBP6 contains an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain and a C4C4-type RING finger, whose overall folding is similar to that of the typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. RBBP6 interacts with chaperones Hsp70 and Hsp40 through its N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain. It promotes the ubiquitination of p53 by Hdm2 in an E4-like manner through its RING finger. It also interacts directly with the pro-proliferative transcription factor Y-box-binding protein-1 (YB-1) via its RING finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2695401863  14 PHLMCVLCGGYFIDATTIIECLHSFCKTCIVRYL-ETSKYCPIC 56
Cdd:cd16620     2 DELKCPICKDLMKDAVLTPCCGNSFCDECIRTALlEEDFTCPTC 45

RING-finger-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase [Signal transduction mechanisms];

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2695401863   4 TTRI-KITELNPHLMCVLCGGYFiDATTIIECLHSFCKTCIVRYLETSKYCPICDVQVHKTRpllnIRSDKTLQDIV--- 79
Cdd:COG5432    13 QTKIpSLKGLDSMLRCRICDCRI-SIPCETTCGHTFCSLCIRRHLGTQPFCPVCREDPCESR----LRGSSGSREINesh 87

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2695401863  80 YKLVPGLFK-----NEMKRRRDFYAAHPSaDAANGSNEDRGEVADEDKRIITDDEiislsieffdqNRLDRKVNKDKEKS 154
Cdd:COG5432    88 ARNRDLLRKvleslCRLPRPIKEERPCRW-ETVIAQDSASGDEEWEDDLASNSSP-----------ASIAKKTSRDSKKR 155

                         170
                  ....*....|....
gi 2695401863 155 KEEvndkRYLRCPA 168
Cdd:COG5432   156 KRE----DLVHCPA 165

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 10 (RNF10) and similar proteins; RNF10 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with mesenchyme Homeobox 2 (MEOX2) transcription factor, a regulator of the proliferation, differentiation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes; it enhances Meox2 activation of the p21 promoter. It also regulates the expression of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) genes and is required for myelin production in Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system. Moreover, RNF10 regulates retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation and the cell cycle exit of P19 embryonic carcinoma cells. RNF10 contains a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and three putative nuclear localization signals.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 2695401863  34 CLHSFCKTCIVRYLETSKY----CPICDVQVHK 62
Cdd:cd16536    18 CGHIFCWPCILRYLSLSEKkwrkCPICFESIHK 50

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing proteins, TRIM7, TRIM11 and TRIM27, and similar proteins; TRIM7, TRIM11 and TRIM27, closely related tripartite motif-containing proteins, belong to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a SPRY/B30.2 domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. TRIM7, also known as glycogenin-interacting protein (GNIP) or RING finger protein 90 (RNF90), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates c-Jun/AP-1 activation by Ras signalling. Its phosphorylation and activation by MSK1 in response to direct activation by the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway can stimulate TRIM7 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in mediating Lys63-linked ubiquitination of the AP-1 coactivator RACO-1, leading to RACO-1 protein stabilization. Moreover, TRIM7 binds and activates glycogenin, the self-glucosylating initiator of glycogen biosynthesis. TRIM11, also known as protein BIA1, or RING finger protein 92 (RNF92), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the development of the central nervous system. It is overexpressed in high-grade gliomas and promotes proliferation, invasion, migration and glial tumor growth. TRIM11 acts as a potential therapeutic target for congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) by mediating the degradation of CCHS-associated polyalanine-expanded Phox2b. TRIM11 modulates the function of neurogenic transcription factor Pax6 through the ubiquitin-proteosome system, and thus plays an essential role for Pax6-dependent neurogenesis. It also binds to and destabilizes a key component of the activator-mediated cofactor complex (ARC105), humanin, a neuroprotective peptide against Alzheimer's disease-relevant insults, and further regulates ARC105 function in transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling. Moreover, TRIM11 negatively regulates retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-mediated interferon-beta (IFNbeta) production and antiviral activity by targeting TANK-binding kinase-1 (TBK1). It may contribute to the endogenous restriction of retroviruses in cells. It enhances N-tropic murine leukemia virus (N-MLV) entry by interfering with Ref1 restriction. It also suppresses the early steps of human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 transduction, resulting in decreased reverse transcripts. TRIM27, also known as RING finger protein 76 (RNF76), RET finger protein (RFP), or zinc finger protein RFP, is a nuclear E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is highly expressed in testis and in various tumor cell lines. Expression of TRIM27 is associated with prognosis of colon and endometrial cancers. TRIM27 was first identified as a fusion partner of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase. It functions as a transcriptional repressor and associates with several proteins involved in transcriptional activity, such as enhancer of polycomb 1 (Epc1), a member of the Polycomb group proteins, and Mi-2beta, a main component of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex, and the cell cycle regulator retinoblastoma protein (RB1). It also interacts with HDAC1, leading to downregulation of thioredoxin binding protein 2 (TBP-2), which inhibits the function of thioredoxin. Moreover, TRIM27 mediates Pax7-induced ubiquitination of MyoD in skeletal muscle atrophy. In addition, it inhibits muscle differentiation by modulating serum response factor (SRF) and Epc1. TRIM27 promotes a non-canonical polyubiquitination of PTEN, a lipid phosphatase that catalyzes PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 (PIP3) to PtdIns(4,5)P2 (PIP2). It is an IKKepsilon-interacting protein that regulates IkappaB kinase (IKK) function and negatively regulates signaling involved in the antiviral response and inflammation. TRIM27 also forms a protein complex with MBD4 or MBD2 or MBD3, and thus plays an important role in the enhancement of transcriptional repression through MBD proteins in tumorigenesis, spermatogenesis, and embryogenesis. It is a component of an estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) regulatory complex that is involved in estrogen receptor-mediated transcription in MCF-7 cells.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2695401863  16 LMCVLCGGYFIDATTIiECLHSFCKTCIVR---YLETSKYCPIC 56
Cdd:cd16594     6 LTCPICLDYFTDPVTL-DCGHSFCRACIARcweEPETSASCPQC 48

first RING finger, HC subclass, found in the LON peptidase N-terminal domain and RING finger protein family; The LON peptidase N-terminal domain and RING finger protein family includes LONRF1 (also known as RING finger protein 191 or RNF191), LONRF2 (also known as RING finger protein 192, RNF192, or neuroblastoma apoptosis-related protease), LONRF3 (also known as RING finger protein 127 or RNF127), which are characterized by containing two C3HC4-type RING-HC fingers, four tetratricopeptide (TPR) repeats, and an ATP-dependent protease La (LON) substrate-binding domain at the C-terminus. Their biological functions remain unclear. This model corresponds to the first RING-HC finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 2695401863  16 LMCVLCGGYFIDATTIiECLHSFCKTCIVRylETSKYCPICDVQVHK 62
Cdd:cd16513     3 LSCPLCRGLLFEPVTL-PCGHTFCKRCLER--DPSSRCRLCRLKLSP 46

RING finger, HC subclass, found in constitutive photomorphogenesis protein 1 (COP1) and similar proteins; COP1, also known as RING finger and WD repeat domain protein 2 (RFWD2) or RING finger protein 200 (RNF200), is a central regulator of photomorphogenic development in plants, which targets key transcription factors for proteasome-dependent degradation. It is localized predominantly in the nucleus, but may also be present in the cytosol. Mammalian COP1 functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with Jun transcription factors and modulates their transcriptional activity. It also interacts with and negatively regulates the tumor-suppressor protein p53. Moreover, COP1 associates with COP9 signalosome subunit 6 (CSN6), and is involved in 14-3-3sigma ubiquitin-mediated degradation. The CSN6-COP1 link enhances ubiquitin-mediated degradation of p27(Kip1), a critical CDK inhibitor involved in cell cycle regulation, to promote cancer cell growth. Furthermore, COP1 functions as the negative regulator of ETV1 and influences prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer. COP1 contains an N-terminal extension, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a coiled coil domain, and seven WD40 repeats. In human COP1, a classic leucine-rich NES, and a novel bipartite NLS is bridged by the RING-HC finger.

                          10        20
                  ....*....|....*....|...
gi 2695401863  34 CLHSFCKTCIVRYLETSKYCPIC 56
Cdd:cd16504    20 CGHSFCYKCIVKHLEQKNRCPKC 42

RING finger, HC subclass, found in really interesting new gene 2 protein (RING2) and similar proteins; RING2, also known as huntingtin-interacting protein 2-interacting protein 3, HIP2-interacting protein 3, protein DinG, RING finger protein 1B (RING1B), RING finger protein 2 (RNF2), or RING finger protein BAP-1, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with both nucleosomal DNA and an acidic patch on histone H4 to achieve the specific monoubiquitination of K119 on histone H2A (H2AK119ub), thereby playing a central role in histone code and gene regulation. RING2 is a core component of polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) that functions as an E3-ubuiquitin ligase transferring the mono-ubuiquitin mark to the C-terminal tail of Histone H2A at K118/K119. PRC1 is also capable of chromatin compaction, a function not requiring histone tails, and this activity appears important in gene silencing. The enzymatic activity of RING2 is enhanced by the interaction with BMI1/PCGF4, and it is dispensable for early embryonic development and much of the gene repression activity of PRC1. Moreover, RING2 plays a key role in terminating neural precursor cell (NPC)-mediated production of subcerebral projection neurons (SCPNs) during neocortical development. It also plays a critical role in nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ)-mediated end-to-end chromosome fusions. Furthermore, RING2 is essential for expansion of hepatic stem/progenitor cells. It promotes hepatic stem/progenitor cell expansion through simultaneous suppression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs) Cdkn1a and Cdkn2a, known negative regulators of cell proliferation. RING2 also negatively regulates p53 expression through directly binding with both p53 and MDM2 and promoting MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination in selective cancer cell types to stimulate tumor development. RING2 contains a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 2695401863  12 LNPHLMCVLCGGYFIDATTIIECLHSFCKTCIVRYLET-SKYCPICDVQVHKTRPLlniRSDKTLQDIVYKL 82
Cdd:cd16740     9 LHSELMCPICLDMLKNTMTTKECLHRFCADCIITALRSgNKECPTCRKKLVSKRSL---RPDPNFDALISKI 77

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 10 (TRIM10) and similar proteins; TRIM10, also known as B30-RING finger protein (RFB30), RING finger protein 9 (RNF9), or hematopoietic RING finger 1 (HERF1), is a novel hematopoiesis-specific RING finger protein required for terminal differentiation of erythroid cells. TRIM10 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 2695401863  17 MCVLCGGYFIDATTIiECLHSFCKTCIVRYLE-------TSKYCPIC 56
Cdd:cd16593     7 NCPICQGTLREPVTI-DCGHNFCRACLTRYCEipgpdleEPPTCPLC 52

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Mus musculus tripartite motif-containing protein 43 (TRIM43) and similar propteins; This subfamily includes TRIM43A, TRIM43B and TRIM43C, which are expressed specifically in mouse preimplantation embryos. They contain a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2695401863  16 LMCVLCGGYFIDATTIiECLHSFCKTCIVRYLE---TSKYCPIC 56
Cdd:cd23133     4 LTCSICQGIFMNPVYL-RCGHKFCEACLLLFQEdikFPAYCPMC 46

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 138 (RNF138) and similar proteins; RNF138, also known as Nemo-like kinase-associated RING finger protein (NARF) or NLK-associated RING finger protein, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays an important role in glioma cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle. It specifically cooperates with the E2 conjugating enzyme E2-25K (Hip-2/UbcH1), regulates the ubiquitylation and degradation of T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF), and further suppresses Wnt-beta-catenin signaling. RNF138, together with three closely related proteins: RNF114, RNF125 and RNF166, forms a novel family of ubiquitin ligases with a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a C2HC-, and two C2H2-type zinc fingers, as well as a ubiquitin interacting motif (UIM).

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2695401863  16 LMCVLCGGYFIDATTIIECLHSFCKTCIVRYL-ETSKYCPICDVQVHKTRP 65
Cdd:cd16544     3 LTCPVCQEVLKDPVELPPCRHIFCKACILLALrSSGARCPLCRGPVGKTER 53

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger and transmembrane domain-containing protein 1 (RNFT1); RNFT1, also known as protein PTD016, is a multi-pass membrane protein containing a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. Its biological role remains unclear.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2695401863  17 MCVLCGGYFIDATTIIeCLHSFCKTCIVRYLETSKYCPIC 56
Cdd:cd16741    16 ICAICQAEFRKPILLI-CQHVFCEECISLWFNREKTCPLC 54

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 141 (RNF141) and similar proteins; RNF141, also known as zinc finger protein 230 (ZNF230), is a RING finger protein present primarily in the nuclei of spermatogonia, the acrosome, and the tail of spermatozoa. It may have a broad function during early development of vertebrates. It plays an important role in spermatogenesis, including spermatogenic cell proliferation and sperm maturation, as well as motility and fertilization. It also exhibits DNA binding activity. RNF141/ZNF230 gene mutations may be associated with azoospermia. RNF141 contains a C3HC4-type RING finger domain that may function as an activator module in transcription.

                          10        20
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 2695401863  28 ATTIIECLHSFCKTCIVRYLETSKYCPIC 56
Cdd:cd16545    11 ADLILPCAHSYCQKCIDKWSDRHRTCPIC 39

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger and transmembrane domain-containing protein 2(RNFT2); RNFT2, also known as transmembrane protein 118 (TMEM118), is a multi-pass membrane protein containing a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. Its biological role remains unclear.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 2695401863  17 MCVLCGGYFIDATTIIeCLHSFCKTCIVRYLETSKYCPICDVQVHKT 63
Cdd:cd16742    15 ICAICQAEFREPLILI-CQHVFCEECLCLWFDRERTCPLCRSVVVET 60

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 26 (TRIM26) and similar proteins; TRIM26, also known as acid finger protein (AFP), RING finger protein 95 (RNF95), or zinc finger protein 173 (ZNF173), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that negatively regulates interferon-beta production and antiviral response through polyubiquitination and degradation of nuclear transcription factor IRF3. It functions as an important regulator for RNA virus-triggered innate immune response by bridging TBK1 to NEMO (NF-kappaB essential modulator, also known as IKKgamma) and mediating TBK1 activation. It also acts as a novel tumor suppressor of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating cancer cell proliferation, colony forming ability, migration, and invasion. TRIM26 belongs the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a B-box, and two coiled coil domains, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 2695401863  18 CVLCGGYFIDATTIiECLHSFCKTCIVRYLETSK-----YCPICDVQVHKTrpllNIRSDKTL 75
Cdd:cd16598     7 CSICLDYLRDPVTI-DCGHNFCRSCITDYCPISGgherpVCPLCRKPFKKE----NIRPNWQL 64

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in Tetratricopeptide repeat protein 3 (TTC3) and similar proteins; TTC3, also known as protein DCRR1, TPR repeat protein D, TPR repeat protein 3, or RING finger protein 105 (RNF105), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase encoded by a gene within the Down syndrome (DS) critical region on chromosome 21. It affects differentiation and Golgi compactness in neurons through specific actin-regulating pathways. It inhibits the neuronal-like differentiation of pheocromocytoma cells by activating RhoA and by binding to Citron proteins. TTC3 is an Akt-specific E3 ligase that binds to phosphorylated Akt and facilitates its ubiquitination and degradation within the nucleus. It contains four N-terminal TPR motifs, a potential coiled-coil region and a Citron binding region in the central part, and a C-terminal C3H2C2-type RING-H2 finger.

                          10        20
                  ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2695401863  33 ECLHSFCKTCIVRYLETSKYCPICDVQV 60
Cdd:cd16481    18 ECGHIFHKECIKQWLKEQSTCPTCRVHV 45

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing proteins TRIM13, TRIM59 and similar proteins; TRIM13 and TRIM59, two closely related tripartite motif-containing proteins, belong to the C-V subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by an N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domain, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, followed by a C-terminal transmembrane domain. TRIM13, also known as B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia tumor suppressor Leu5, leukemia-associated protein 5, putative tumor suppressor RFP2, RING finger protein 77 (RNF77), or Ret finger protein 2, is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane anchored E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with proteins localized to the ER, including valosin-containing protein (VCP), a protein indispensable for ER-associated degradation (ERAD). TRIM59, also known as RING finger protein 104 (RNF104) or tumor suppressor TSBF-1, is a putative E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that functions as a novel multiple cancer biomarker for immunohistochemical detection of early tumorigenesis.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2695401863  16 LMCVLCGGYFiDATTIIECLHSFCKTCI-------VRYLETSKYCPIC 56
Cdd:cd16581     3 LTCSICYNIF-DDPKILPCSHTFCKNCLekllaasGYYLLASLKCPTC 49

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC3D-type), found in ligand of Numb protein LNX1, LNX2, and similar proteins; The ligand of Numb protein X (LNX) family, also known as PDZ and RING (PDZRN) family, includes LNX1-5, which can interact with Numb, a key regulator of neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation. LNX5 (also known as PDZK4 or PDZRN4L) shows high sequence homology to LNX3 and LNX4, but it lacks the RING domain. LNX1-4 proteins function as E3 ubiquitin ligases and have a unique domain architecture consisting of an N-terminal RING-HC finger for E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and either two or four PDZ domains necessary for substrate-binding. LNX1/LNX2-like proteins contain a modified C3HC3D-type RING-HC finger and four PDZ domains. This model corresponds to the RING finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2695401863  16 LMCVLCGGYFIDATTIiECLHSFCKTCIVRYLETSKYCPI 55
Cdd:cd16637     2 LTCHICLQPLVEPLDT-PCGHTFCYKCLTNYLKIQQCCPL 40

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger proteins RNF111, RNF165, and similar proteins; The family includes RING finger proteins RNF111, RNF165, and similar proteins. RNF111, also known as Arkadia, is a nuclear E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that targets intracellular effectors and modulators of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta)/Nodal-related signaling for polyubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation. It also interacts with the clathrin-adaptor 2 (AP2) complex and regulates endocytosis of certain cell surface receptors, leading to modulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and possibly other signaling pathways. The N-terminal half of RNF111 harbors three SUMO-interacting motifs (SIMs). It thus functions as a SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligase (STUbL) that directly links nonproteolytic ubiquitylation and SUMOylation in the DNA damage response, as well as triggers degradation of signal-induced polysumoylated proteins, such as the promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML). RNF165, also known as Arkadia-like 2, Arkadia2, or Ark2C, is an E3 ubiquitin ligase with homology to the C-terminal half of RNF111. It is expressed specifically in the nervous system, and can serve to amplify neuronal responses to specific signals. It acts as a positive regulator of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-Smad signaling that is involved in motor neuron (MN) axon elongation. Both RNF165 and RNF111 contain a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 2695401863  18 CVLCGGYFIDATTI--IECLHSFCKTCIVRYLETSKYCPICDV 58
Cdd:cd16474     3 CTICLSDFEEGEDVrrLPCMHLFHQECVDQWLSTNKRCPICRV 45

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger protein 11 (RNF11) and similar proteins; RNF11 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that acts both as an adaptor and a modulator of itch-mediated control of ubiquitination events underlying membrane traffic. It acts downstream of an enzymatic cascade for the ubiquitination of specific substrates. It is also a molecular adaptor of homologous to E6-associated protein C-terminus (HECT)-type ligases. RNF11 has been implicated in the regulation of several signaling pathways. It enhances transforming growth factor receptor (TGFR) signaling by both abrogating Smurf2-mediated receptor ubiquitination and by promoting the Smurf2-mediated degradation of AMSH (associated molecule with the SH3 domain of STAM), a de-ubiquitinating enzyme that enhances TGF-beta signaling and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) endosomal recycling. It also acts directly on Smad4 to enhance Smad4 function, and plays a role in prolonged TGF-beta signaling. RNF11 also functions as a critical component of the A20 ubiquitin-editing protein complex that negatively regulates tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation. It interacts with Smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA) and the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT)-0 complex, thus participating in the regulation of lysosomal degradation of EGFR. RNF11 acts as a novel GGA cargo actively participating in regulating the ubiquitination of the GGA protein family. RNF11 functions together with TAX1BP1 to target TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1)/IkappaB kinase IKKi, and further restricts antiviral signaling and type I interferon (IFN)-beta production. RNF11 contains an N-terminal PPPY motif that binds WW domain-containing proteins such as AIP4/itch, Nedd4 and Smurf1/2 (SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase 1/2), and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger that functions as a scaffold for the coordinated transfer of ubiquitin to substrate proteins together with the E2 enzymes UbcH527 and Ubc13.

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gi 2695401863  18 CVLCGGYFI--DATTIIECLHSFCKTCIVRYLETSKYCPIC 56
Cdd:cd16468     2 CVICMADFVvgDPIRYLPCMHIYHVDCIDDWLMRSFTCPSC 42

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 45 (TRIM45) and similar proteins; TRIM45, also known as RING finger protein 99 (RNF99), is a novel receptor for activated C-kinase (RACK1)-interacting protein that suppresses transcriptional activities of Elk-1 and AP-1 and downregulates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction through inhibiting RACK1/PKC (protein kinase C) complex formation. It also negatively regulates tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-induced nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappa B)-mediated transcription and suppresses cell proliferation. TRIM45 belongs to the C-VII subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family that is defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a filamin-type immunoglobulin (IG-FLMN) domain and NHL repeats positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

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gi 2695401863  18 CVLCGGYFIdATTIIECLHSFCKTCI--------------VRYLETSKY--CPICDVQ 59
Cdd:cd16588     3 CPVCGKLFQ-EPRLLPCLHTLCSPCLrqlepfsvcglrggDRSEKSNYSvlCPVCDSE 59

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in RING finger proteins RNF24, RNF122, and similar proteins; This subfamily includes RNF24, RNF122, and similar proteins. RNF24 is an intrinsic membrane protein localized in the Golgi apparatus. It specifically interacts with the ankyrin-repeats domains (ARDs) of TRPC1, -3, -4, -5, -6, and -7, and affects TRPC intracellular trafficking without affecting their activity. RNF122 is a RING finger protein associated with HEK 293T cell viability. It is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus, and overexpressed in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. RNF122 functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that can ubiquitinate itself and undergo degradation through its RING finger in a proteasome-dependent manner. Both RNF24 and RNF122 contain an N-terminal transmembrane domain and a C-terminal C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

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gi 2695401863  17 MCVLCGGYFI--DATTIIECLHSFCKTCIVRYLETSKYCPICDVQV 60
Cdd:cd16469     2 TCAVCLEEFKlkEELGVCPCGHAFHTKCLKKWLEVRNSCPICKSPV 47

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe DNA repair protein Rad8 (SpRad8) and similar proteins; SpRad8 is a conserved protein homologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA repair protein Rad5 and human helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF) that is required for error-free postreplication repair by contributing to polyubiquitylation of PCNA. SpRad8 contains a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger responsible for the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, a SNF2-family helicase domain including an ATP binding site, and a family-specific HIRAN domain (HIP116, Rad5p N-terminal domain) that contributes to nuclear localization.

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gi 2695401863  18 CVLCGGYFIDATTIIECLHSFCKTCIVRYLETSK------YCPIC 56
Cdd:cd16572     7 CPICAEEPISELALTRCWHSACKDCLLDHIEFQKsknevpLCPTC 51