Exchange Factor for ARF6 Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; EFA6 (also called PSD/pleckstrin and Sec7 domain containing) is an guanine nucleotide exchange factor for ADP ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6), which is involved in membrane recycling. EFA6 has four structurally related polypeptides: EFA6A, EFA6B, EFA6C and EFA6D. It consists of a N-terminal proline rich region (PR), a SEC7 domain, a PH domain, a PR, a coiled-coil region, and a C-terminal PR. The EFA6 PH domain regulates its association with the plasma membrane. EFA6 activates Arf6 through its Sec7 catalytic domain and modulates this activity through its C-terminal domain, which rearranges the actin cytoskeleton in fibroblastic cell lines. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2319699945 746 DPNAAVYKSGFLARKIHADMDGKKTPRGKRGWKTFYAVLKGTVLYLQKDEYKPEKALSEEDLKNAVSVHHALASKATDYE 825
Cdd:cd13295     1 DPNAVEYKKGYLMRKCCADPDGKKTPFGKRGWKMFYATLKGLVLYLHKDEYGCKKALRYESLRNAISVHHSLATKATDYT 80

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2319699945 826 KKPNVFKLKTADWRVLLFQTQSPEEMQGWINKINCVAAVFSAPPFP 871
Cdd:cd13295    81 KKPHVFRLRTADWREYLFQASDTKEMQSWIEAINLVAAAFSAPPLP 126

Exchange Factor for ARF6 Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; EFA6 (also called PSD/pleckstrin and Sec7 domain containing) is an guanine nucleotide exchange factor for ADP ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6), which is involved in membrane recycling. EFA6 has four structurally related polypeptides: EFA6A, EFA6B, EFA6C and EFA6D. It consists of a N-terminal proline rich region (PR), a SEC7 domain, a PH domain, a PR, a coiled-coil region, and a C-terminal PR. The EFA6 PH domain regulates its association with the plasma membrane. EFA6 activates Arf6 through its Sec7 catalytic domain and modulates this activity through its C-terminal domain, which rearranges the actin cytoskeleton in fibroblastic cell lines. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2319699945 746 DPNAAVYKSGFLARKIHADMDGKKTPRGKRGWKTFYAVLKGTVLYLQKDEYKPEKALSEEDLKNAVSVHHALASKATDYE 825
Cdd:cd13295     1 DPNAVEYKKGYLMRKCCADPDGKKTPFGKRGWKMFYATLKGLVLYLHKDEYGCKKALRYESLRNAISVHHSLATKATDYT 80

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2319699945 826 KKPNVFKLKTADWRVLLFQTQSPEEMQGWINKINCVAAVFSAPPFP 871
Cdd:cd13295    81 KKPHVFRLRTADWREYLFQASDTKEMQSWIEAINLVAAAFSAPPLP 126

Sec7 domain; The Sec7 domain is a guanine-nucleotide-exchange-factor (GEF) for the pfam00025 family.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2319699945 551 AKRLAKRLYQLDRFKRSDVAKHLGKNNEFSKLVAEEYLKFFDFTGMTLDQSLRYFFKAFSLVGETQERERVLIHFSNRYF 630
Cdd:pfam01369  33 PESIAKFLFETPGLDKKAIGEYLGKPDEFNIEVLKAFVDLFDFKGLRIDEALRLFLESFRLPGEAQKIDRIMEAFAERYY 112

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2319699945 631 YCNPDTIASQDGVHCLTCAIMLLNTDLHGHNIGKKMTCQEFIANLQGVNEGVDFSKDLLKALYNSIKNEKL 701
Cdd:pfam01369 113 EQNPGVFANADAAYVLAYSIIMLNTDLHNPNVKKKMTLEDFIRNLRGINDGKDFPDEYLEEIYDSIKKNEI 183

Pleckstrin homology domain; This Pleckstrin homology domain is found in some fungal species.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2319699945 752 YKSGFLARKIHADMDGKKTPRGKRGWKTFYAVLKGTVLYLQKDEYKPEKALSEE--DLKNA----VSVHHALASKATDYE 825
Cdd:pfam15410   1 YKKGIVMRKCCFESKGKKTPRGKRSWKMVYAVLKDLVLYLYKDEHPPESSQFEDkkSLKNApvgkIRLHHALATPAPDYT 80

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2319699945 826 KKPNVFKLKTADWRVLLFQTQSPEEMQGWINKINCVAA 863
Cdd:pfam15410  81 KKSHVFRLQTADGAEYLFQTGSPKELQEWVDTLNYWAA 118

Pleckstrin homology domain; Domain commonly found in eukaryotic signalling proteins. The domain family possesses multiple functions including the abilities to bind inositol phosphates, and various proteins. PH domains have been found to possess inserted domains (such as in PLC gamma, syntrophins) and to be inserted within other domains. Mutations in Brutons tyrosine kinase (Btk) within its PH domain cause X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) in patients. Point mutations cluster into the positively charged end of the molecule around the predicted binding site for phosphatidylinositol lipids.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2319699945  751 VYKSGFLArkihadmdgKKTPRGKRGWKTFYAVLKGTVLYLqkdeYKPEKALSEEDLKNAVSVHHALASKATDYE--KKP 828
Cdd:smart00233   1 VIKEGWLY---------KKSGGGKKSWKKRYFVLFNSTLLY----YKSKKDKKSYKPKGSIDLSGCTVREAPDPDssKKP 67

                           90       100       110
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2319699945  829 NVFKLKTADWRVLLFQTQSPEEMQGWINKINCVAA 863
Cdd:smart00233  68 HCFEIKTSDRKTLLLQAESEEEREKWVEALRKAIA 102

Exchange Factor for ARF6 Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; EFA6 (also called PSD/pleckstrin and Sec7 domain containing) is an guanine nucleotide exchange factor for ADP ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6), which is involved in membrane recycling. EFA6 has four structurally related polypeptides: EFA6A, EFA6B, EFA6C and EFA6D. It consists of a N-terminal proline rich region (PR), a SEC7 domain, a PH domain, a PR, a coiled-coil region, and a C-terminal PR. The EFA6 PH domain regulates its association with the plasma membrane. EFA6 activates Arf6 through its Sec7 catalytic domain and modulates this activity through its C-terminal domain, which rearranges the actin cytoskeleton in fibroblastic cell lines. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2319699945 746 DPNAAVYKSGFLARKIHADMDGKKTPRGKRGWKTFYAVLKGTVLYLQKDEYKPEKALSEEDLKNAVSVHHALASKATDYE 825
Cdd:cd13295     1 DPNAVEYKKGYLMRKCCADPDGKKTPFGKRGWKMFYATLKGLVLYLHKDEYGCKKALRYESLRNAISVHHSLATKATDYT 80

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2319699945 826 KKPNVFKLKTADWRVLLFQTQSPEEMQGWINKINCVAAVFSAPPFP 871
Cdd:cd13295    81 KKPHVFRLRTADWREYLFQASDTKEMQSWIEAINLVAAAFSAPPLP 126

Sec7 domain; The Sec7 domain is a guanine-nucleotide-exchange-factor (GEF) for the pfam00025 family.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2319699945 551 AKRLAKRLYQLDRFKRSDVAKHLGKNNEFSKLVAEEYLKFFDFTGMTLDQSLRYFFKAFSLVGETQERERVLIHFSNRYF 630
Cdd:pfam01369  33 PESIAKFLFETPGLDKKAIGEYLGKPDEFNIEVLKAFVDLFDFKGLRIDEALRLFLESFRLPGEAQKIDRIMEAFAERYY 112

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2319699945 631 YCNPDTIASQDGVHCLTCAIMLLNTDLHGHNIGKKMTCQEFIANLQGVNEGVDFSKDLLKALYNSIKNEKL 701
Cdd:pfam01369 113 EQNPGVFANADAAYVLAYSIIMLNTDLHNPNVKKKMTLEDFIRNLRGINDGKDFPDEYLEEIYDSIKKNEI 183

Pleckstrin homology domain; This Pleckstrin homology domain is found in some fungal species.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2319699945 752 YKSGFLARKIHADMDGKKTPRGKRGWKTFYAVLKGTVLYLQKDEYKPEKALSEE--DLKNA----VSVHHALASKATDYE 825
Cdd:pfam15410   1 YKKGIVMRKCCFESKGKKTPRGKRSWKMVYAVLKDLVLYLYKDEHPPESSQFEDkkSLKNApvgkIRLHHALATPAPDYT 80

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2319699945 826 KKPNVFKLKTADWRVLLFQTQSPEEMQGWINKINCVAA 863
Cdd:pfam15410  81 KKSHVFRLQTADGAEYLFQTGSPKELQEWVDTLNYWAA 118

Beta-spectrin pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; Beta spectrin binds actin and functions as a major component of the cytoskeleton underlying cellular membranes. Beta spectrin consists of multiple spectrin repeats followed by a PH domain, which binds to inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate. The PH domain of beta-spectrin is thought to play a role in the association of spectrin with the plasma membrane of cells. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2319699945 755 GFLARKIHADMDGKKTPrgKRGWKTFYAVLKGTVLYLqkdeYKPEKALSEEDLKNA---VSVHHALASKATDYEKKPNVF 831
Cdd:cd10571     3 GFLERKHEWESGGKKAS--NRSWKNVYTVLRGQELSF----YKDQKAAKSGITYAAeppLNLYNAVCEVASDYTKKKHVF 76

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2319699945 832 KLKTADWRVLLFQTQSPEEMQGWINKIN 859
Cdd:cd10571    77 RLKLSDGAEFLFQAKDEEEMNQWVKKIS 104

Pleckstrin homology domain; Domain commonly found in eukaryotic signalling proteins. The domain family possesses multiple functions including the abilities to bind inositol phosphates, and various proteins. PH domains have been found to possess inserted domains (such as in PLC gamma, syntrophins) and to be inserted within other domains. Mutations in Brutons tyrosine kinase (Btk) within its PH domain cause X-linked agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) in patients. Point mutations cluster into the positively charged end of the molecule around the predicted binding site for phosphatidylinositol lipids.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2319699945  751 VYKSGFLArkihadmdgKKTPRGKRGWKTFYAVLKGTVLYLqkdeYKPEKALSEEDLKNAVSVHHALASKATDYE--KKP 828
Cdd:smart00233   1 VIKEGWLY---------KKSGGGKKSWKKRYFVLFNSTLLY----YKSKKDKKSYKPKGSIDLSGCTVREAPDPDssKKP 67

                           90       100       110
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2319699945  829 NVFKLKTADWRVLLFQTQSPEEMQGWINKINCVAA 863
Cdd:smart00233  68 HCFEIKTSDRKTLLLQAESEEEREKWVEALRKAIA 102

Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2319699945 753 KSGFLArkihadmdgKKTPRGKRGWKTFYAVLKGTVLYLqkdeYKPEKALSEEdLKNAVSVHHALASKATDYEKKPNVFK 832
Cdd:cd00821     1 KEGYLL---------KRGGGGLKSWKKRWFVLFEGVLLY----YKSKKDSSYK-PKGSIPLSGILEVEEVSPKERPHCFE 66

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2319699945 833 LKTADWRVLLFQTQSPEEMQGWINKI 858
Cdd:cd00821    67 LVTPDGRTYYLQADSEEERQEWLKAL 92

T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis 1 and 2 Pleckstrin Homology (PH) domain, N-terminal domain; Tiam1 activates Rac GTPases to induce membrane ruffling and cell motility while Tiam2 (also called STEF (SIF (still life) and Tiam1 like-exchange factor) contributes to neurite growth. Tiam1/2 are Dbl-family of GEFs that possess a Dbl(DH) domain with a PH domain in tandem. DH-PH domain catalyzes the GDP/GTP exchange reaction in the GTPase cycle and facillitating the switch between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states. Tiam1/2 possess two PH domains, which are often referred to as PHn and PHc domains. The DH-PH tandem domain is made up of the PHc domain while the PHn is part of a novel N-terminal PHCCEx domain which is made up of the PHn domain, a coiled coil region(CC), and an extra region (Ex). PHCCEx mediates binding to plasma membranes and signalling proteins in the activation of Rac GTPases. The PH domain resembles the beta-spectrin PH domain, suggesting non-canonical phosphatidylinositol binding. CC and Ex form a positively charged surface for protein binding. There are 2 motifs in Tiam1/2-interacting proteins that bind to the PHCCEx domain: Motif-I in CD44, ephrinBs, and the NMDA receptor and Motif-II in Par3 and JIP2.Neither of these fall in the PHn domain. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2319699945 750 AVYKSGFLARK--IHADMDGKKTPRGKRGWKTFYAVLKG-TVLYLQKDEYKPEKALSEEdlKNAVSVHHALASKATDYEK 826
Cdd:cd01230     2 AVRKAGWLSVKnfLVHKKNKKVELATRRKWKKYWVCLKGcTLLFYECDERSGIDENSEP--KHALFVEGSIVQAVPEHPK 79

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 2319699945 827 KPNVFKLKTADWRVLLFQTQSPEEMQGWINKINCVAA 863
Cdd:cd01230    80 KDFVFCLSNSFGDAYLFQATSQTELENWVTAIHSACA 116

Tandem PH-domain-containing protein 2 Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; The binding of TAPP2 (also called PLEKHA2) adaptors to PtdIns(3,4)P(2), but not PI(3,4, 5)P3, function as negative regulators of insulin and PI3K signalling pathways (i.e. TAPP/utrophin/syntrophin complex). TAPP2 contains two sequential PH domains in which the C-terminal PH domain specifically binds PtdIns(3,4)P2 with high affinity. The N-terminal PH domain does not interact with any phosphoinositide tested. They also contain a C-terminal PDZ-binding motif that interacts with several PDZ-binding proteins, including PTPN13 (known previously as PTPL1 or FAP-1) as well as the scaffolding proteins MUPP1 (multiple PDZ-domain-containing protein 1), syntrophin and utrophin. The members here are most sequence similar to TAPP2 proteins, but may not be actual TAPP2 proteins. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2319699945 748 NAAVYKSGFLArkihadmdgKKTPRGKRgWKTFYAVLKGTVL--YLQKDEYKPEKALSEEDLKNAVSVhhalaskatDYE 825
Cdd:cd13255     3 SEAVLKAGYLE---------KKGERRKT-WKKRWFVLRPTKLayYKNDKEYRLLRLIDLTDIHTCTEV---------QLK 63

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2319699945 826 KKPNVFKLKTADwRVLLFQTQSPEEMQGWINKIN 859
Cdd:cd13255    64 KHDNTFGIVTPA-RTFYVQADSKAEMESWISAIN 96

Pleckstrin 2 Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, repeat 1; Pleckstrin is a protein found in platelets. This name is derived from platelet and leukocyte C kinase substrate and the KSTR string of amino acids. Pleckstrin 2 contains two PH domains and a DEP (dishvelled, egl-10, and pleckstrin) domain. Unlike pleckstrin 1, pleckstrin 2 does not contain obvious sites of PKC phosphorylation. Pleckstrin 2 plays a role in actin rearrangement, large lamellipodia and peripheral ruffle formation, and may help orchestrate cytoskeletal arrangement. The PH domains of pleckstrin 2 are thought to contribute to lamellipodia formation. This cd contains the first PH domain repeat. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2319699945 751 VYKSGFLARKIHAdmdgkktprgKRGWKTFYAVLK--GTVLYLQKDEYKPEKALseeDLKNAVsvhhaLASKATDYEKKP 828
Cdd:cd13301     3 IIKEGYLVKKGHV----------VNNWKARWFVLKedGLEYYKKKTDSSPKGMI---PLKGCT-----ITSPCLEYGKRP 64

                          90       100       110
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2319699945 829 NVFKLKTADWRVLLFQTQSPEEMQGWINKIN 859
Cdd:cd13301    65 LVFKLTTAKGQEHFFQACSREERDAWAKDIT 95

Connector enhancer of KSR (Kinase suppressor of ras) (CNK) pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; CNK family members function as protein scaffolds, regulating the activity and the subcellular localization of RAS activated RAF. There is a single CNK protein present in Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans in contrast to mammals which have 3 CNK proteins (CNK1, CNK2, and CNK3). All of the CNK members contain a sterile a motif (SAM), a conserved region in CNK (CRIC) domain, and a PSD-95/DLG-1/ZO-1 (PDZ) domain, and a PH domain. A CNK2 splice variant CNK2A also has a PDZ domain-binding motif at its C terminus and Drosophila CNK (D-CNK) also has a domain known as the Raf-interacting region (RIR) that mediates binding of the Drosophila Raf kinase. This cd contains CNKs from insects, spiders, mollusks, and nematodes. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2319699945 768 KKTPRGKrgWKTFYAVLKGTVLYLQKdeykpekalSEEDLKNAVSVHHA--LASKATDYEKKPNVFKL-KTAdwRVLLFQ 844
Cdd:cd13326    11 KGKGGGK--WAKRWFVLKGSNLYGFR---------SQESTKADCVIFLPgfTVSPAPEVKSRKYAFKVyHTG--TVFYFA 77

                          90
                  ....*....|....
gi 2319699945 845 TQSPEEMQGWINKI 858
Cdd:cd13326    78 AESQEDMKKWLDLL 91

Tandem PH-domain-containing proteins 1 and 2 Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, C-terminal repeat; The binding of TAPP1 (also called PLEKHA1/pleckstrin homology domain containing, family A (phosphoinositide binding specific) member 1) and TAPP2 (also called PLEKHA2) adaptors to PtdIns(3,4)P(2), but not PI(3,4, 5)P3, function as negative regulators of insulin and PI3K signalling pathways (i.e. TAPP/utrophin/syntrophin complex). TAPP1 and TAPP2 contain two sequential PH domains in which the C-terminal PH domain specifically binds PtdIns(3,4)P2 with high affinity. The N-terminal PH domain does not interact with any phosphoinositide tested. They also contain a C-terminal PDZ-binding motif that interacts with several PDZ-binding proteins, including PTPN13 (known previously as PTPL1 or FAP-1) as well as the scaffolding proteins MUPP1 (multiple PDZ-domain-containing protein 1), syntrophin and utrophin. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2319699945 747 PNAAVYKSGFLArkihadmdgkKTPRGKRGWKTFYAVLKGTVLYLQKDEYKPEkALSEEDLKNAVSVHHALASkatDYEK 826
Cdd:cd13271     4 AGRNVIKSGYCV----------KQGAVRKNWKRRFFILDDNTISYYKSETDKE-PLRTIPLREVLKVHECLVK---SLLM 69

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 2319699945 827 KPNVFKLKTADwRVLLFQTQSPEEMQGWINKINCVAAVFSAPP 869
Cdd:cd13271    70 RDNLFEIITTS-RTFYIQADSPEEMHSWIKAISGAIVARRGPS 111

ArfGAP with coiled-coil, ankyrin repeat and PH domains Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain; ACAP (also called centaurin beta) functions both as a Rab35 effector and as an Arf6-GTPase-activating protein (GAP) by which it controls actin remodeling and membrane trafficking. ACAP contain an NH2-terminal bin/amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain, a phospholipid-binding domain, a PH domain, a GAP domain, and four ankyrin repeats. The AZAPs constitute a family of Arf GAPs that are characterized by an NH2-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and a central Arf GAP domain followed by two or more ankyrin repeats. On the basis of sequence and domain organization, the AZAP family is further subdivided into four subfamilies: 1) the ACAPs contain an NH2-terminal bin/amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain (a phospholipid-binding domain that is thought to sense membrane curvature), a single PH domain followed by the GAP domain, and four ankyrin repeats; 2) the ASAPs also contain an NH2-terminal BAR domain, the tandem PH domain/GAP domain, three ankyrin repeats, two proline-rich regions, and a COOH-terminal Src homology 3 domain; 3) the AGAPs contain an NH2-terminal GTPase-like domain (GLD), a split PH domain, and the GAP domain followed by four ankyrin repeats; and 4) the ARAPs contain both an Arf GAP domain and a Rho GAP domain, as well as an NH2-terminal sterile-a motif (SAM), a proline-rich region, a GTPase-binding domain, and five PH domains. PMID 18003747 and 19055940 Centaurin can bind to phosphatidlyinositol (3,4,5)P3. PH domains have diverse functions, but in general are involved in targeting proteins to the appropriate cellular location or in the interaction with a binding partner. They share little sequence conservation, but all have a common fold, which is electrostatically polarized. Less than 10% of PH domains bind phosphoinositide phosphates (PIPs) with high affinity and specificity. PH domains are distinguished from other PIP-binding domains by their specific high-affinity binding to PIPs with two vicinal phosphate groups: PtdIns(3,4)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2 or PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 which results in targeting some PH domain proteins to the plasma membrane. A few display strong specificity in lipid binding. Any specificity is usually determined by loop regions or insertions in the N-terminus of the domain, which are not conserved across all PH domains. PH domains are found in cellular signaling proteins such as serine/threonine kinase, tyrosine kinases, regulators of G-proteins, endocytotic GTPases, adaptors, as well as cytoskeletal associated molecules and in lipid associated enzymes.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2319699945 768 KKTPRGKRGWKTFYAVLKGTVLYLQKDEYKPEKALSEEDLKnavsvhhaLAS-KATDYEKKPNVFKLKTADwRVLLFQTQ 846
Cdd:cd13250     7 KRSSNAFKTWKRRWFSLQNGQLYYQKRDKKDEPTVMVEDLR--------LCTvKPTEDSDRRFCFEVISPT-KSYMLQAE 77

                          90
                  ....*....|....*
gi 2319699945 847 SPEEMQGWINKINCV 861
Cdd:cd13250    78 SEEDRQAWIQAIQSA 92