Tify domain binding domain; This entry contains a C-terminal presumed zinc binding domain from the NINJA protein which interacts with the Tify domain of JAZ1.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1063711602  651 GLVTKDGVVCTCCNKTVSLSEFKNHAGFNQNCPCLNLFMGSGKPFASCQLEA 702
Cdd:pfam16135    1 GVITRDGILCSCCGKVFSPSEFEAHAGSKNRRPSANIFLESGRSLLECLKEL 52

MeCP2, MBD1, MBD2, MBD3, MBD4, CLLD8-like, and BAZ2A-like proteins constitute a family of proteins that share the methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD). The MBD consists of about 70 residues and is defined as the minimal region required for binding to methylated DNA by a methyl-CpG-binding protein which binds specifically to methylated DNA. The MBD can recognize a single symmetrically methylated CpG either as naked DNA or within chromatin. MeCP2, MBD1 and MBD2 (and likely MBD3) form complexes with histone deacetylase and are involved in histone deacetylase-dependent repression of transcription. MBD4 is an endonuclease that forms a complex with the DNA mismatch-repair protein MLH1. The MBDs present in putative chromatin remodelling subunit, BAZ2A, and putative histone methyltransferase, CLLD8, represent two phylogenetically distinct groups within the MBD protein family.

                           10        20
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1063711602  256 WKIEKRERSAGR-KHVDTFYISPEGRKFR 283
Cdd:cd01396     11 WKRELVPRKSGSaGKFDVYYISPTGKKFR 39

Tify domain binding domain; This entry contains a C-terminal presumed zinc binding domain from the NINJA protein which interacts with the Tify domain of JAZ1.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1063711602  651 GLVTKDGVVCTCCNKTVSLSEFKNHAGFNQNCPCLNLFMGSGKPFASCQLEA 702
Cdd:pfam16135    1 GVITRDGILCSCCGKVFSPSEFEAHAGSKNRRPSANIFLESGRSLLECLKEL 52

PHD zinc finger; The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger is a C4HC3 zinc-finger-like motif found in nuclear proteins thought to be involved in epigenetics and chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. The PHD finger binds two zinc ions using the so-called 'cross-brace' motif and is thus structurally related to the RING finger and the FYVE finger. It is not yet known if PHD fingers have a common molecular function. Several reports suggest that it can function as a protein-protein interacton domain and it was recently demonstrated that the PHD finger of p300 can cooperate with the adjacent BROMO domain in nucleosome binding in vitro. Other reports suggesting that the PHD finger is a ubiquitin ligase have been refuted as these domains were RING fingers misidentified as PHD fingers.

                            10        20        30        40
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1063711602   729 CGVCG---DGGELICCDNCPSTFHQACLSM---QVLPEGSWYCSSC 768
Cdd:smart00249    2 CSVCGkpdDGGELLQCDGCDRWYHQTCLGPpllEEEPDGKWYCPKC 47

N-acetylglutamate synthase or related acetyltransferase, GNAT family [Amino acid transport and metabolism]; N-acetylglutamate synthase or related acetyltransferase, GNAT family is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Arginine biosynthesis

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1063711602  918 VVVEKDDVMISVASIRVHGVTIAEMPLVATCSKYRRQGMCRILVAAIEEMLMSLKVEKLVVAALPSLVEtWTEGFGFKPM 997
Cdd:COG1246     31 WVAEEDGEIVGCAALHPLDEDLAELRSLAVHPDYRGRGIGRRLLEALLAEARELGLKRLFLLTTSAAIH-FYEKLGFEEI 109

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1063711602  998 DDEERDALKRINlmvfPGTTLLKKTL 1023
Cdd:COG1246    110 DKEDLPYAKVWQ----RDSVVMEKDL 131

MeCP2, MBD1, MBD2, MBD3, and MBD4 are members of a protein family that share the methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD). The MBD, consists of about 70 residues and is defined as the minimal region required for binding to methylated DNA by a methyl-CpG-binding protein which binds specifically to methylated DNA. The MBD can recognize a single symmetrically methylated CpG either as naked DNA or within chromatin. MeCP2, MBD1 and MBD2 (and likely MBD3) form complexes with histone deacetylase and are involved in histone deacetylase-dependent repression of transcription. MBD4 is an endonuclease that forms a complex with the DNA mismatch-repair protein MLH1.

                           10        20
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1063711602  256 WKIEKRERSAGR-KHVDTFYISPEGRKFR 283
Cdd:cd01396     11 WKRELVPRKSGSaGKFDVYYISPTGKKFR 39

PHD finger 2 found in class II Chromodomain-Helicase-DNA binding (CHD) proteins; Class II CHD proteins includes chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein CHD3, CHD4, and CHD5, which are nuclear and ubiquitously expressed chromatin remodelling ATPases generally associated with histone deacetylases (HDACs). They are involved in DNA Double Strand Break (DSB) signaling, DSB repair and/or p53-dependent pathways such as apoptosis and senescence, as well as in the maintenance of genomic stability, and/or cancer prevention. They function as subunits of the Nucleosome Remodelling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex, which is generally associated with gene repression, heterochromatin formation, and overall chromatin compaction. In contrast to the class I CHD enzymes (CHD1 and CHD2), class II CHD proteins lack identifiable DNA-binding domains, but possess a C-terminal coiled-coil region. Moreover, in addition to the tandem chromodomains and a helicase domain, they all harbor tandem plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers involved in the recognition of methylated histone tails. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1063711602  728 SCGVCGDGGELICCDNCPSTFHQACLSMQV--LPEGSWYCSSC 768
Cdd:cd15532      1 FCRVCKDGGELLCCDGCPSSYHLHCLNPPLaeIPDGDWFCPRC 43

Tify domain binding domain; This entry contains a C-terminal presumed zinc binding domain from the NINJA protein which interacts with the Tify domain of JAZ1.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1063711602  651 GLVTKDGVVCTCCNKTVSLSEFKNHAGFNQNCPCLNLFMGSGKPFASCQLEA 702
Cdd:pfam16135    1 GVITRDGILCSCCGKVFSPSEFEAHAGSKNRRPSANIFLESGRSLLECLKEL 52

PHD finger 1 found in PHD finger protein 12 (PHF12); PHF12, also termed PHD factor 1 (Pf1), is a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger-containing protein that bridges the transducin-like enhancer of split (TLE) corepressor to the mSin3A-histone deacetylase (HDAC)-complex, and further represses transcription at targeted genes. PHF12 also interacts with MRG15 (mortality factor-related genes on chromosome 15), a member of the mortality factor (MORF) family of proteins implicated in regulating cellular senescence. PHF12 contains two plant-homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers followed by a polybasic region. The PHD fingers function downstream of phosphoinositide signaling triggered by the interaction between polybasic regions and phosphoinositides. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1063711602  728 SCGVCGDGGELICCDNCPSTFHQAC----LSMQVLPEGSWYCSSC 768
Cdd:cd15533      1 YCDSCGEGGDLLCCDRCPASFHLQCcnppLDEEDLPPGEWLCHRC 45

PHD finger 4 found in nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing protein 1 (NSD1); NSD1, also termed H3 Lysine-36 and H4 Lysine-20 specific histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, or androgen receptor coactivator 267 kDa protein, or androgen receptor-associated protein of 267 kDa, or H3-K36-HMTase H4-K20-HMTase, or Lysine N-methyltransferase 3B (KMT3B), or NR-binding SET domain-containing protein, is a lysine methyltransferase that preferentially methylates H3 on Lysine36 (H3-K36) and H4 on Lysine20 (H4-K20), which is primarily associated with active transcription. It plays a role in several pathologies, including but not limited to Sotos and Weaver syndromes, acute myeloid leukemia, breast cancer, neuroblastoma, and glioblastoma formation. It can alter transcription by interacting with the protein NSD1-interacting zinc finger protein 1 (NIZP1). It also mitigates caspase-1 activation by listeriolysin o (LLO) in macrophages, and requires functional LLO for the regulation of IL-1beta secretion. Moreover, NSD1 regulates RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) recruitment to bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4). NSD1 contains a catalytic suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste and trithorax (SET) domain, two proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domains, five plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, and an NSD-specific Cys-His rich domain (Cys5HisCysHis). The SET domain is responsible for histone methyltransferase activity. The PWWP and PHD fingers are involved in protein-protein interactions. This model corresponds to the fourth PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1063711602  729 CGVCGDGGELICCDNCPSTFHQACLSMQvLPEGSWYCSSC 768
Cdd:cd15656      2 CFVCSEGGSLLCCESCPAAFHRECLNID-MPEGSWYCNDC 40

PHD finger 5 found in nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing (NSD) proteins; The nuclear receptor binding SET domain (NSD) protein is a family of three HMTases, NSD1, NSD2/MMSET/WHSC1, and NSD3/WHSC1L1, that are critical in maintaining chromatin integrity. Reducing NSD activity through specific lysine-HMTase inhibitors appears promising to help suppress cancer growth. NSD proteins have specific mono- and dimethylase activities for H3K36, and they play non-redundant roles during development. NSD1 plays a role in several pathologies, including but not limited to Sotos and Weaver syndromes, acute myeloid leukemia, breast cancer, neuroblastoma, and glioblastoma formation. NSD2 is involved in cancer cell proliferation, survival, and tumor growth, by mediating constitutive NF-kappaB signaling via the cytokine autocrine loop. NSD3 is amplified in human breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, translocation resulting in NUP98 fusion to NSD3 leads to the development of acute myeloid leukemia. NSD proteins contain a catalytic suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste and trithorax (SET) domain, two proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domains, five plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, and an NSD-specific Cys-His rich domain (Cys5HisCysHis). This model corresponds to the fifth PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1063711602  729 CGVCGDGGELICCD--NCPSTFHQACLSMQVLPEGSWYCS 766
Cdd:cd15568      2 CFRCGDGGDLVLCDfkGCPKVYHLSCLGLEKPPGGKWICP 41

PHD finger 1 found in class II Chromodomain-Helicase-DNA binding (CHD) proteins; Class II CHD proteins includes chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein CHD3, CHD4, and CHD5, which are nuclear and ubiquitously expressed chromatin remodelling ATPases generally associated with histone deacetylases (HDACs). They are involved in DNA Double Strand Break (DSB) signaling, DSB repair and/or p53-dependent pathways such as apoptosis and senescence, as well as in the maintenance of genomic stability, and/or cancer prevention. They function as subunits of the Nucleosome Remodelling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex, which is generally associated with gene repression, heterochromatin formation, and overall chromatin compaction. In contrast to the class I CHD enzymes (CHD1 and CHD2), class II CHD proteins lack identifiable DNA-binding domains, but possess a C-terminal coiled-coil region. Moreover, in addition to the tandem chromodomains and a helicase domain, they all harbor tandem plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers involved in the recognition of methylated histone tails. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1063711602  729 CGVCGDGGELICCDNCPSTFHQACL--SMQVLPEGSWYCSSC 768
Cdd:cd15531      2 CEVCQQGGEIILCDTCPRAYHLVCLdpELEKAPEGKWSCPHC 43

PHD finger 4 found in nuclear SET domain-containing protein 2 (NSD2); NSD2, also termed histone-lysine N-methyltransferase NSD2, or multiple myeloma SET domain-containing protein (MMSET), or protein trithorax-5 Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1 protein (WHSC1), is overexpressed frequently in the t(4;14) translocation in 15% to 20% of multiple myeloma. It plays important roles in cancer cell proliferation, survival, and tumor growth, by mediating constitutive NF-kappaB signaling via the cytokine autocrine loop. It also enhances androgen receptor (AR)-mediated transcription. The principal chromatin-regulatory activity of NSD2 is dimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 36 (H3K36me2). NSD2 contains a catalytic suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste and trithorax (SET) domain, two proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-prolin motif (PWWP) domains, a high mobility group (HMG) box, five PHD (plant-homeodomain) zinc fingers, and an NSD-specific Cys-His rich domain (Cys5HisCysHis). The SET domain is responsible for histone methyltransferase activity. The PWWP, HMG, and PHD fingers mediate chromatin interaction and recognition of histone marks. This model corresponds to the fourth PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1063711602  729 CGVCGDGGELICCDNCPSTFHQACLSMQvLPEGSWYCSSC 768
Cdd:cd15657      2 CFVCSKGGSLLCCESCPAAFHPDCLNIE-MPDGSWFCNDC 40

PHD finger found in BRPF proteins, Jade proteins, protein AF-10, AF-17, and similar proteins; The family includes BRPF proteins, Jade proteins, protein AF-10 and AF-17. BRPF proteins are scaffold proteins that form monocytic leukemic zinc-finger protein (MOZ)/MOZ-related factor (MORF) H3 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes with other regulatory subunits, such as inhibitor of growth 5 (ING5) and Esa1-associated factor 6 ortholog (EAF6). BRPF proteins have multiple domains, including a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, a bromodomain and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain. PHD and ePHD fingers both bind to lysine 4 of histone H3 (K4H3), bromodomains interact with acetylated lysines on N-terminal tails of histones and other proteins, and PWWP domains show histone-binding and chromatin association properties. Jade proteins are required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) HBO1 and EAF6, to form a HBO1 complex that has a histone H4-specific acetyltransferase activity, a reduced activity toward histone H3, and is responsible for the bulk of histone H4 acetylation in vivo. AF-10, also termed ALL1 (acute lymphoblastic leukemia)-fused gene from chromosome 10 protein, is a transcription factor that has been implicated in the development of leukemia following chromosomal rearrangements between the AF10 gene and one of at least two other genes, MLL and CALM. AF-17, also termed ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 17 protein, is a putative transcription factor that may play a role in multiple signaling pathways. All Jade proteins, AF-10, and AF-17 contain a canonical PHD finger followed by a non-canonical ePHD finger. This model corresponds to the canonical PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1063711602  729 CGVCGDGG-----ELICCDNCPSTFHQACLSMQVLPEGSWYCSSC 768
Cdd:cd15492      2 CDVCLDGEseddnEIVFCDGCNVAVHQSCYGIPLIPEGDWFCRKC 46

PHD finger found in proteins Jade-1, Jade-2, Jade-3, and similar proteins; This family includes proteins Jade-1 (PHF17), Jade-2 (PHF15), and Jade-3 (PHF16), each of which is required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) HBO1 and EAF6 to form a HBO1 complex that has a histone H4-specific acetyltransferase activity, a reduced activity toward histone H3, and is responsible for the bulk of histone H4 acetylation in vivo. This family also contains Drosophila melanogaster PHD finger protein rhinoceros (RNO). It is a novel plant homeodomain (PHD)-containing nuclear protein that may function as a transcription factor that antagonizes Ras signaling by regulating transcription of key EGFR/Ras pathway regulators in the Drosophila eye. All Jade proteins contain a canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, both of which are zinc-binding motifs. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1063711602  729 CGVCG-----DGGELICCDNCPSTFHQACLSMQVLPEGSWYCSSC 768
Cdd:cd15573      2 CDVCRspdseEGNEMVFCDKCNICVHQACYGIQKIPEGSWLCRTC 46

PHD finger 5 found in nuclear SET domain-containing protein 3 (NSD3); NSD3, also termed histone-lysine N-methyltransferase NSD3, or protein whistle, or WHSC1-like 1 isoform 9 with methyltransferase activity to lysine, or Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1-like protein 1 (WHSC1-like protein 1, or WHSC1L1), is a lysine methyltransferase encoded by gene NSD3, which is amplified in human breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, translocation resulting in NUP98 fusion to NSD3 leads to the development of acute myeloid leukemia. NSD3 contains a catalytic suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste and trithorax (SET) domain, two proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-prolin motif (PWWP) domains, five plant-homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers, and an NSD-specific Cys-His rich domain (Cys5HisCysHis). The SET domain is responsible for histone methyltransferase activity. The PWWP and PHD fingers are involved in protein-protein interactions. This model corresponds to the fifth PHD finger.

                           10        20        30
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1063711602  729 CGVCGDGGELICCD--NCPSTFHQACLSMQVLPEGSWYC 765
Cdd:cd15661      2 CFQCGDGGELVMCDkkDCPKAYHLLCLNLTQPPYGKWEC 40

ADDz domain found in ATRX (alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation, X-linked); ADDz_ATRX is a PHD-like zinc finger domain of ATRX, which belongs to the SNF2 family of chromatin remodeling proteins. ATRX is a large chromatin-associated nuclear protein with two domains, ADDz_ATRX at the N-terminus, followed by a C-terminal ATPase/helicase domain. The ADDz_ATRX domain recognizes a specific methylated histone, and this interaction is required for heterochromatin localization of the ATRX protein. Missense mutations in either of the two ATRX domains lead to the X-linked alpha-thalassemia and mental retardation syndrome; however the mutations in the ADDz_ATRX domain produce a more severe disease phenotype that may also relate to disturbing unknown functions or interaction sites of this domain. The ADDz domain is also present in chromatin-associated proteins cytosine-5-methyltransferase 3 (Dnmt3); it is a PHD-like zinc finger motif that contains two parts, a C2-C2 and a PHD-like zinc finger. PHD zinc finger domains have been identified in more than 40 proteins that are mainly involved in chromatin mediated transcriptional control; the classical PHD zinc finger has a C4-H-C3 motif that spans about 50-80 amino acids. In ADDz, the conserved histidine residue of the PHD finger is replaced by a cysteine, and an additional zinc finger C2-C2 like motif is located about twenty residues upstream of the C4-C-C3 motif.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1063711602  721 DDDPNDDSCGVCGDGGELICCDNCPSTFHQAC---------LSMQVLPEGsWYCSSC 768
Cdd:cd11726     45 DEDGSDEYCRWCGQGGDLICCDFCPNVFCKKCikrnlgraeLSRIEESDK-WKCFVC 100

PHD finger superfamily; The PHD finger superfamily includes a canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) finger typically characterized as Cys4HisCys3, and a non-canonical extended PHD finger, characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. Variations include the RAG2 PHD finger characterized by Cys3His2Cys2His and the PHD finger 5 found in nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing proteins characterized by Cys4HisCys2His. The PHD finger is also termed LAP (leukemia-associated protein) motif or TTC (trithorax consensus) domain. Single or multiple copies of PHD fingers have been found in a variety of eukaryotic proteins involved in the control of gene transcription and chromatin dynamics. PHD fingers can recognize the unmodified and modified histone H3 tail, and some have been found to interact with non-histone proteins. They also function as epigenome readers controlling gene expression through molecular recruitment of multi-protein complexes of chromatin regulators and transcription factors. The PHD finger domain SF is structurally similar to the RING and FYVE_like superfamilies.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1063711602  728 SCGVCGDGG----ELICCDNCPSTFHQACLSM---QVLPEGSWYCSSC 768
Cdd:cd15489      1 SCIVCGKGGdlggELLQCDGCGKWFHADCLGPplsSFVPNGKWICPVC 48

PHD finger found in PHD finger protein 21A (PHF21A); PHF21A (also termed BHC80a or BRAF35-HDAC complex protein BHC80) along with HDAC1/2, CtBP1, CoREST, and BRAF35, is associated with LSD1, a lysine (K)-specific histone demethylase. It inhibits LSD1-mediated histone demethylation in vitro. PHF21A is predominantly present in the central nervous system and spermatogenic cells and is one of the six components of BRAF-HDAC complex (BHC) involved in REST-dependent transcriptional repression of neuron-specific genes in non-neuronal cells. It acts as a scaffold protein in BHC in neuronal as well as non-neuronal cells and also plays a role in spermatogenesis. PHF21A contains a C-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) finger that is responsible for the binding directly to each of five other components of BHC, and of organizing BHC mediating transcriptional repression.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1063711602  729 CGVCGDGGELICCDNCPSTFHQACLS--MQVLPEGSWYCSSC 768
Cdd:cd15523      2 CSVCRKSGELLMCDTCSLVYHLDCLDppLKTIPKGMWICPKC 43

PHD finger found in Remodeling and spacing factor 1 (Rsf-1); Rsf-1, also termed HBV pX-associated protein 8, or Hepatitis B virus X-associated protein alpha (HBxAPalpha), or p325 subunit of RSF chromatin-remodeling complex, is a novel nuclear protein with histone chaperon function. It is a subunit of an ISWI chromatin remodeling complex, remodeling and spacing factor (RSF), and plays a role in mediating ATPase-dependent chromatin remodeling and conferring tumor aggressiveness in common carcinomas. As an ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-dependent chromatin remodeler, Rsf-1 facilitates DNA damage checkpoints and homologous recombination repair. It regulates the mitotic spindle checkpoint and chromosome instability through the association with serine/threonine kinase BubR1 (BubR1) and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein (HBx) in the chromatin fraction during mitosis. It also interacts with cyclin E1 and promotes tumor development. Rsf-1 contains a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1063711602  728 SCGVCGDGGELICCDNCPSTFHQACLS--MQVLPEGSWYCSSC 768
Cdd:cd15543      4 KCGLSDHPEWILLCDRCDAGYHTACLRppLMIIPDGNWFCPPC 46

PHD finger found in protein Jade-2 and similar proteins; Jade-2, also termed PHD finger protein 15 (PHF15), is a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger protein that is closely related to Jade-1, which functions as an essential regulator of multiple cell signaling pathways. Like Jade-1, Jade-2 is required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) HBO1 and Eaf6 to form a HBO1 complex that has a histone H4-specific acetyltransferase activity, a reduced activity toward histone H3, and is responsible for the bulk of histone H4 acetylation in vivo. Jade-2 contains a canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, both of which are zinc-binding motifs. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1063711602  729 CGVC-----GDGGELICCDNCPSTFHQACLSMQVLPEGSWYCSSC 768
Cdd:cd15680      2 CDVCrspegEDGNEMVFCDKCNVCVHQACYGILKVPTGSWLCRTC 46

PHD finger found in PHD finger protein 21B (PHF21B); PHF21B is a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger-containing protein whose biological function remains unclear. It shows high sequence similarity with PHF21A, which is associated with LSD1, a lysine (K)-specific histone demethylase and inhibits LSD1-mediated histone demethylation in vitro. PHD fingers can recognize the unmodified and modified histone H3 tail, and some have been found to interact with non-histone proteins.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1063711602  729 CGVCGDGGELICCDNCPSTFHQACLS--MQVLPEGSWYCSSC 768
Cdd:cd15524      2 CAACKRGGNLQPCGTCPRAYHLDCLDppLKTAPKGVWVCPKC 43

PHD finger found in bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain protein 2A (BAZ2A) and 2B (BAZ2B); BAZ2A, also termed transcription termination factor I-interacting protein 5 (TTF-I-interacting protein 5, or Tip5), or WALp3, is an epigenetic regulator. It has been implicated in epigenetic rRNA gene silencing, as the large subunit of the SNF2h-containing chromatin-remodeling complex NoRC that induces nucleosome sliding in an ATP- and histone H4 tail-dependent fashion. BAZ2A has also been shown to be broadly overexpressed in prostate cancer, to regulate numerous protein-coding genes and to cooperate with EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) to maintain epigenetic silencing at genes repressed in prostate cancer metastasis. Its overexpression is tightly associated with a prostate cancer subtype displaying CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) in tumors and with prostate cancer recurrence in patients. BAZ2B, also termed WALp4, is a bromodomain-containing protein whose biological role is still elusive. It shows high sequence similarly with BAZ2A. Both BAZ2A and BAZ2B contain a TAM (TIP5/ARBP/MBD) domain, a DDT domain, four AT-hooks, BAZ 1 and BAZ 2 motifs, a WAKZ (WSTF/Acf1/KIAA0314/ZK783.4) motif, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, and a bromodomain. BAZ2B also harbors an extra Apolipophorin-III like domain in its N-terminal region.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1063711602  728 SCGVCGDG---GELICCDNCPSTFHQACL--SMQVLPEGSWYCSSC 768
Cdd:cd15545      1 SCQICRSGdneDQLLLCDGCDRGYHTYCFkpKMTNVPEGDWFCPEC 46

N-acetylglutamate synthase or related acetyltransferase, GNAT family [Amino acid transport and metabolism]; N-acetylglutamate synthase or related acetyltransferase, GNAT family is part of the Pathway/BioSystem: Arginine biosynthesis

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1063711602  918 VVVEKDDVMISVASIRVHGVTIAEMPLVATCSKYRRQGMCRILVAAIEEMLMSLKVEKLVVAALPSLVEtWTEGFGFKPM 997
Cdd:COG1246     31 WVAEEDGEIVGCAALHPLDEDLAELRSLAVHPDYRGRGIGRRLLEALLAEARELGLKRLFLLTTSAAIH-FYEKLGFEEI 109

                           90       100
                   ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1063711602  998 DDEERDALKRINlmvfPGTTLLKKTL 1023
Cdd:COG1246    110 DKEDLPYAKVWQ----RDSVVMEKDL 131

PHD finger found in protein Jade-3 and similar proteins; Jade-3, also termed PHD finger protein 16 (PHF16), is a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger protein that is closely related to Jade-1, which functions as an essential regulator of multiple cell signaling pathways. Like Jade-1, Jade-3 is required for ING4 and ING5 to associate with histone acetyl transferase (HAT) HBO1 and Eaf6 to form a HBO1 complex that has a histone H4-specific acetyltransferase activity, a reduced activity toward histone H3, and is responsible for the bulk of histone H4 acetylation in vivo. Jade-3 contains a canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD domain followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) domain, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, both of which are zinc-binding motifs. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1063711602  729 CGVC-----GDGGELICCDNCPSTFHQACLSMQVLPEGSWYCSSC 768
Cdd:cd15681      2 CDVCrspdsEEGNDMVFCDKCNICVHQACYGILKVPEGSWLCRTC 46

PHD finger found in protein AF-10 and AF-17; This family includes protein AF-10 and AF-17. AF-10, also termed ALL1 (acute lymphoblastic leukemia)-fused gene from chromosome 10 protein, is a transcription factor encoded by gene AF10, a translocation partner of the MLL (mixed-lineage leukemia) oncogene in leukemia. AF-10 has been implicated in the development of leukemia following chromosomal rearrangements between the AF10 gene and one of at least two other genes, MLL and CALM. It plays a key role in the survival of uncommitted hematopoietic cells. Moreover, AF-10 functions as a follistatin-related gene (FLRG)-interacting protein. The interaction with FLRG enhances AF10-dependent transcription. It interacts with the human counterpart of the yeast Dot1, hDOT1L, and may act as a bridge for the recruitment of hDOT1L to the genes targeted by MLL-AF10. It also interacts with the synovial sarcoma associated SYT protein and may play a role in synovial sarcomas and acute leukemias. AF-17, also termed ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 17 protein, is encoded by gene AF17 that has been identified in hematological malignancies as translocation partners of the mixed lineage leukemia gene MLL. It is a putative transcription factor that may play a role in multiple signaling pathways. It is involved in chromatin-mediated gene regulation mechanisms. It functions as a component of the multi-subunit Dot1 complex (Dotcom) and plays a role in the Wnt/Wingless signaling pathway. It also seems to be a downstream target of the beta-catenin/T-cell factor pathway, and participates in G2-M progression. Moreover, it may function as an important regulator of ENaC-mediated Na+ transport and thus blood pressure. Both AF-10 and AF-17 contain an N-terminal canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. The PHD finger is involved in their homo-oligomerization. In the C-terminal region, they possess a leucine zipper domain and a glutamine-rich region. This family also includes ZFP-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans AF10 homolog. It was originally identified as a factor promoting RNAi interference in C. elegans. It also acts as a Dot1-interacting protein that opposes H2B ubiquitination to reduce polymerase II (Pol II) transcription. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1063711602  729 CGVCGDG-----GELICCD--NCPSTFHQACLSMQVLPEGSWYCSSC 768
Cdd:cd15574      2 CCVCSDErgwaeNPLVYCDghGCNVAVHQACYGIVQVPTGPWFCRKC 48

PHD finger 1 found in nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing protein NSD1 and NSD2; NSD1, also termed H3 Lysine-36 and H4 Lysine-20 specific histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, or androgen receptor coactivator 267 kDa protein, or androgen receptor-associated protein of 267 kDa, or H3-K36-HMTase H4-K20-HMTase, or Lysine N-methyltransferase 3B (KMT3B), or NR-binding SET domain-containing protein, is a lysine methyltransferase that preferentially methylates H3 on Lysine36 (H3-K36) and H4 on Lysine20 (H4-K20), which is primarily associated with active transcription. It plays a role in several pathologies, including but not limited to Sotos and Weaver syndromes, acute myeloid leukemia, breast cancer, neuroblastoma, and glioblastoma formation. It can alter transcription by interacting with the protein NSD1-interacting zinc finger protein 1 (NIZP1). It also mitigates caspase-1 activation by listeriolysin o (LLO) in macrophages, and requires functional LLO for the regulation of IL-1beta secretion. Moreover, NSD1 regulates RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) recruitment to bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4). NSD2, also termed histone-lysine N-methyltransferase NSD2, or multiple myeloma SET domain-containing protein (MMSET), or protein trithorax-5 Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1 protein (WHSC1), is overexpressed frequently in the t(4;14) translocation in 15% to 20% of multiple myeloma. It plays important roles in cancer cell proliferation, survival, and tumor growth, by mediating constitutive NF-kappaB signaling via the cytokine autocrine loop. It also enhances androgen receptor (AR)-mediated transcription. The principal chromatin-regulatory activity of NSD2 is dimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 36 (H3K36me2). Both NSD1 and NSD2 contain a catalytic suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste and trithorax (SET) domain, two proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domains, five plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, and an NSD-specific Cys-His rich domain (Cys5HisCysHis). In addition, NSD2 harbors a high mobility group (HMG) box. The SET domain is responsible for histone methyltransferase activity. The PWWP, HMG, and PHD fingers mediate chromatin interaction and recognition of histone marks. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1063711602  729 CGVCGDGGELICCD-NCPSTFHQACLSMQVLPEGSWYCSSCT 769
Cdd:cd15648      2 CQVCEKPGELLLCEgQCCGAFHLDCIGLSEMPSGKFICDECI 43

PHD finger found in inhibitor of growth protein 1 (ING1) and 2 (ING2); ING1 is an epigenetic regulator and a type II tumor suppressor that impacts cell growth, aging, apoptosis, and DNA repair, by affecting chromatin conformation and gene expression. It acts as a reader of the active chromatin mark, the trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3). It binds and directs Growth arrest and DNA damage inducible protein 45 a (Gadd45a) to target sites, thus linking the histone code with DNA demethylation. It interacts with the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) via the PCNA-interacting protein (PIP) domain in a UV-inducible manner. It also interacts with a PCNA-interacting protein, p15 (PAF). Moreover, ING1 associates with members of the 14-3-3 family, which is necessary for cytoplasmic relocalization. Endogenous ING1 protein specifically interacts with the pro-apoptotic BCL2 family member BAX and colocalizes with BAX in a UV-inducible manner. It stabilizes the p53 tumor suppressor by inhibiting polyubiquitination of multi-monoubiquitinated forms via interaction with and colocalization of the herpesvirus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease (HAUSP)-deubiquitinase with p53. It is also involved in trichostatin A-induced apoptosis and caspase 3 signaling in p53-deficient glioblastoma cells. In addition, tyrosine kinase Src can bind and phosphorylate ING1 and further regulates its activity. ING2, also termed inhibitor of growth 1-like protein (ING1Lp), or p32, or p33ING2, belongs to the inhibitor of growth (ING) family of type II tumor suppressors. It is a core component of a multi-factor chromatin-modifying complex containing the transcriptional co-repressor SIN3A and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). It has been implicated in the control of cell cycle, in genome stability, and in muscle differentiation. ING2 independently interacts with H3K4me3 (Histone H3 trimethylated on lysine 4) and PtdIns(5)P, and modulates crosstalk between lysine methylation and lysine acetylation on histone proteins through association with chromatin in the presence of DNA damage. It collaborates with SnoN to mediate transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-induced Smad-dependent transcription and cellular responses. It is upregulated in colon cancer and increases invasion by enhanced MMP13 expression. It also acts as a cofactor of p300 for p53 acetylation and plays a positive regulatory role during p53-mediated replicative senescence. Both ING1 and ING2 contain an N-terminal ING domain and a C-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) finger.

                           10        20        30
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1063711602  736 GELICCDN--CP-STFHQACLSMQVLPEGSWYCSSC 768
Cdd:cd15584     10 GEMIGCDNdeCPiEWFHFSCVGLTHKPKGKWYCPKC 45

PHD finger found in inhibitor of growth protein 4 (ING4) and 5 (ING5); ING4, also termed p29ING4, and ING5, also termed p28ING5, belong to the inhibitor of growth (ING) family of type II tumor suppressors. ING4 acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase to induce ubiquitination of the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB and inhibit the transactivation of NF-kappaB target genes. It also induces apoptosis through a p53 dependent pathway, including increasing p53 acetylation, inhibiting Mdm2-mediated degradation of p53 and enhancing the expression of p53 responsive genes both at the transcriptional and post-translational levels. Moreover, ING4 can inhibit the translation of proto-oncogene MYC by interacting with AUF1. It also regulates other transcription factors, such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). ING5 is a Tip60 cofactor that acetylates p53 at K120 and subsequently activates the expression of p53-dependent apoptotic genes in response to DNA damage. Aberrant ING5 expression may contribute to pathogenesis, growth, and invasion of gastric carcinomas and colorectal cancer. ING5 can physically interact with p300 and p53 in vivo, and its overexpression induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. It also associates with cyclin A1 (INCA1) and functions as a growth suppressor with suppressed expression in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Moreover, ING5 translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm might be a critical event for carcinogenesis and tumor progression in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Both ING4 and ING5 contain an N-terminal ING histone-binding domain and a C-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) finger. They associate with histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes containing MOZ (monocytic leukemia zinc finger protein)/MORF (MOZ-related factor) and HBO1, and further direct the MOZ/MORF and HBO1 complexes to chromatin.

                           10        20        30
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1063711602  736 GELICCDN--CP-STFHQACLSMQVLPEGSWYCSSC 768
Cdd:cd15586     10 GEMIGCDNpdCPiEWFHFACVGLTTKPKGKWFCPRC 45

PHD finger found in the inhibitor of growth (ING) protein family; The ING family includes a group of tumor suppressors, ING1-5, which act as readers and writers of the histone epigenetic code, affecting DNA damage response, chromatin remodeling, cellular senescence, differentiation, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. They may have a general role in mediating the cellular response to genotoxic stress through binding to and regulating the activities of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) chromatin remodeling complexes. All ING proteins contain an N-terminal ING domain and a C-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) finger.

                           10        20        30
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1063711602  736 GELICCDN--CPST-FHQACLSMQVLPEGSWYCSSC 768
Cdd:cd15505     10 GEMVACDNpnCPIEwFHFECVGLTAKPKGKWYCPEC 45

PHD finger 3 found in nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing (NSD) proteins; The nuclear receptor binding SET domain (NSD) protein is a family of three HMTases, NSD1, NSD2/MMSET/WHSC1, and NSD3/WHSC1L1, that are critical in maintaining chromatin integrity. Reducing NSD activity through specific lysine-HMTase inhibitors appears promising to help suppress cancer growth. NSD proteins have specific mono- and dimethylase activities for H3K36, and they play non-redundant roles during development. NSD1 plays a role in several pathologies, including but not limited to Sotos and Weaver syndromes, acute myeloid leukemia, breast cancer, neuroblastoma, and glioblastoma formation. NSD2 is involved in cancer cell proliferation, survival, and tumor growth, by mediating constitutive NF-kappaB signaling via the cytokine autocrine loop. NSD3 is amplified in human breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, translocation resulting in NUP98 fusion to NSD3 leads to the development of acute myeloid leukemia. NSD proteins contain a catalytic suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste and trithorax (SET) domain, two proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domains, five plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, and an NSD-specific Cys-His rich domain (Cys5HisCysHis). This model corresponds to the third PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1063711602  728 SCGVCGDG-----GELICCDNCPSTFHQACL--SMQVLPEGSWYCS 766
Cdd:cd15566      1 TCATCEASgdgssGKLVRCIRCPRAYHAGCIpaGSKLLNKKLIICP 46

PHD finger found in bromodomain and PHD finger-containing (BRPF) proteins; The family of BRPF proteins includes BRPF1, BRD1/BRPF2, and BRPF3. They are scaffold proteins that form monocytic leukemic zinc-finger protein (MOZ)/MOZ-related factor (MORF) H3 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes with other regulatory subunits, such as inhibitor of growth 5 (ING5) and Esa1-associated factor 6 ortholog (EAF6). BRPF proteins have multiple domains, including a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, a bromodomain and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain. PHD and ePHD fingers both bind to lysine 4 of histone H3 (K4H3), bromodomains interact with acetylated lysines on N-terminal tails of histones and other proteins, and PWWP domains show histone-binding and chromatin association properties. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1063711602  726 DDSCGVCGDG-----GELICCDNCPSTFHQACLSMQVLPEGSWYCSSC 768
Cdd:cd15572      1 DAVCCICLDGecqnsNVILFCDMCNLAVHQECYGVPYIPEGQWLCRRC 48

PHD finger found in inhibitor of growth protein 2 (ING2); ING2, also termed inhibitor of growth 1-like protein (ING1Lp), or p32, or p33ING2, is one member of the inhibitor of growth (ING) family of type II tumor suppressors. It is a core component of a multi-factor chromatin-modifying complex containing the transcriptional co-repressor SIN3A and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1). It has been implicated in the control of cell cycle, in genome stability, and in muscle differentiation. ING2 independently interacts with H3K4me3 (Histone H3 trimethylated on lysine 4) and PtdIns(5)P, and modulates crosstalk between lysine methylation and lysine acetylation on histone proteins through association with chromatin in the presence of DNA damage. It collaborates with SnoN to mediate transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-induced Smad-dependent transcription and cellular responses. It is upregulated in colon cancer and increases invasion by enhanced MMP13 expression. It also acts as a cofactor of p300 for p53 acetylation and plays a positive regulatory role during p53-mediated replicative senescence. ING2 contains an N-terminal ING domain and a C-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) finger.

                           10        20        30
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1063711602  736 GELICCDN--CP-STFHQACLSMQVLPEGSWYCSSC 768
Cdd:cd15683     11 GEMIGCDNeqCPiEWFHFSCVGLTYKPKGKWYCPKC 46

PHD finger 1 found in nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing (NSD) proteins; The nuclear receptor binding SET domain (NSD) protein is a family of three HMTases, NSD1, NSD2/MMSET/WHSC1, and NSD3/WHSC1L1, that are critical in maintaining chromatin integrity. Reducing NSD activity through specific lysine-HMTase inhibitors appears promising to help suppress cancer growth. NSD proteins have specific mono- and dimethylase activities for H3K36, and they non-redundant roles during development. NSD1 plays a role in several pathologies, including but not limited to Sotos and Weaver syndromes, acute myeloid leukemia, breast cancer, neuroblastoma, and glioblastoma formation. NSD2 is involved in cancer cell proliferation, survival, and tumor growth, by mediating constitutive NF-kappaB signaling via the cytokine autocrine loop. NSD3 is amplified in human breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, translocation resulting in NUP98 fusion to NSD3 leads to the development of acute myeloid leukemia. NSD proteins contain a catalytic suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste and trithorax (SET) domain, two proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domains, five plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, and an NSD-specific Cys-His rich domain (Cys5HisCysHis). This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1063711602  729 CGVCGDGGELICCDN-CPSTFHQACLSMQVLPEGSWYCSSCT 769
Cdd:cd15564      2 CQICEKPGKLLTCEGpCCGHFHLDCLGLSEQPDEPFKCDECT 43

MeCP2, MBD1, MBD2, MBD3, and MBD4 are members of a protein family that share the methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD). The MBD, consists of about 70 residues and is defined as the minimal region required for binding to methylated DNA by a methyl-CpG-binding protein which binds specifically to methylated DNA. The MBD can recognize a single symmetrically methylated CpG either as naked DNA or within chromatin. MeCP2, MBD1 and MBD2 (and likely MBD3) form complexes with histone deacetylase and are involved in histone deacetylase-dependent repression of transcription. MBD4 is an endonuclease that forms a complex with the DNA mismatch-repair protein MLH1.

                           10        20
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1063711602  256 WKIEKRERSAGR-KHVDTFYISPEGRKFR 283
Cdd:cd01396     11 WKRELVPRKSGSaGKFDVYYISPTGKKFR 39

PHD finger 2 found in monocytic leukemia zinc-finger protein (MOZ) and its factor (MORF); MOZ, also termed histone acetyltransferase KAT6A, YBF2/SAS3, SAS2 and TIP60 protein 3 (MYST-3), or runt-related transcription factor-binding protein 2, or zinc finger protein 220, is a MYST-type histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that functions as a coactivator for acute myeloid leukemia 1 protein (AML1)- and p53-dependent transcription. It possesses intrinsic HAT activity to acetylate both itself and lysine (K) residues on histone H2B, histone H3 (K14) and histone H4 (K5, K8, K12 and K16) in vitro and H3K9 in vivo. MOZ-related factor (MORF), also termed MOZ2, or histone acetyltransferase KAT6B, or MOZ, YBF2/SAS3, SAS2 and TIP60 protein 4 (MYST4), is a ubiquitously expressed transcriptional regulator with intrinsic HAT activity. It can interact with the Runt-domain transcription factor Runx2 and form a tetrameric complex with BRPFs, ING5, and EAF6. Both MOZ and MORF are catalytic subunits of HAT complexes that are required for normal developmental programs, such as hematopoiesis, neurogenesis, and skeletogenesis, and are also implicated in human leukemias. MOZ is also the catalytic subunit of a tetrameric inhibitor of growth 5 (ING5) complex, which specifically acetylates nucleosomal histone H3K14. Moreover, MOZ and MORF are involved in regulating transcriptional activation mediated by Runx2 (or Cbfa1), a Runt-domain transcription factor known to play important roles in T cell lymphomagenesis and bone development, and its homologs. MOZ contains a linker histone 1 and histone 5 domains and two plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. In contrast, MORF contains an N-terminal region containing two PHD fingers, a putative HAT domain, an acidic region, and a C-terminal Ser/Met-rich domain. The family corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1063711602  729 CGVCGDGGE---LICCDNCPSTFHQACLS--MQVLPEGSWYCSSC 768
Cdd:cd15527      2 CSVCQDSGNadnLLFCDACDKGFHMECHDppLTRMPKGKWVCQIC 46

PHD finger found in ubiquitin-like PHD and RING finger domain-containing protein 2 (UHRF2); UHRF2 (also termed Np95/ICBP90-like RING finger protein (NIRF), Np95-like RING finger protein, nuclear protein 97, nuclear zinc finger protein Np97, RING finger protein 107, or E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UHRF2) was originally identified as a ubiquitin ligase acting as a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase that enhances zinc finger protein 131 (ZNF131) SUMOylation but does not enhance ZNF131 ubiquitination. It also ubiquitinates PCNP, a PEST-containing nuclear protein. Moreover, UHRF2 functions as a nuclear protein involved in cell-cycle regulation and has been implicated in tumorigenesis. It interacts with cyclins, CDKs,p53, pRB, PCNA, HDAC1, DNMTs, G9a, methylated histone H3 lysine 9, and methylated DNA. It interacts with the cyclin E-CDK2 complex, ubiquitinates cyclins D1 and E1, induces G1 arrest, and is involved in the G1/S transition regulation. Furthermore, UHRF2 is a direct transcriptional target of the transcription factor E2F-1 in the induction of apoptosis. It recruits HDAC1 and binds to methyl-CpG. UHRF2 also participates in the maturation of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) by interacting with the HBV core protein and promoting its degradation. UHRF2 contains an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain (UBL), a tandem Tudor domain (TTD), a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a SET- and RING-associated (SRA) domain, and a C-terminal RING finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1063711602  728 SCGVCG---DGGELICCDNCPSTFHQACLS--MQVLPEGS-WYCSSC 768
Cdd:cd15617      1 SCYVCGgkqDAHMQLLCDECNMAYHIYCLNppLDKIPEDEdWYCPSC 47

ATRX, Dnmt3 and Dnmt3l PHD-like zinc finger domain (ADDz); The ADDz zinc finger domain is present in the chromatin-associated proteins cytosine-5-methyltransferase 3 (Dnmt3) and ATRX, a SNF2 type transcription factor protein. The Dnmt3 family includes two active DNA methyltransferases, Dnmt3a and -3b, and one regulatory factor Dnmt3l. DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism involved in diverse biological processes such as embryonic development, gene expression, and genomic imprinting. The ADDz domain is a PHD-like zinc finger motif that contains two parts, a C2-C2 and a PHD-like zinc finger. PHD zinc finger domains have been identified in more than 40 proteins that are mainly involved in chromatin mediated transcriptional control; the classical PHD zinc finger has a C4-H-C3 motif that spans about 50-80 amino acids. In ADDz, the conserved histidine residue of the PHD finger is replaced by a cysteine, and an additional zinc finger C2-C2 like motif is located about twenty residues upstream of the C4-C-C3 motif.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1063711602  721 DDDPNDDSCGVCGDGGELICCDN--CPSTFHQACLSMQVLP--------EGSWYCSSC 768
Cdd:cd11672     40 DDDGYQSYCRICCEGGNLLCCGNnfCHRCFCKECVDRLVGPgelstmdeNNQWYCYIC 97

PHD finger 1 found in polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2)-associated polycomb-like (PCL) family proteins MTF2, PHF19, and similar proteins; The family includes two PCL family proteins, metal-response element-binding transcription factor 2 (MTF2/PCL2) and PHF19/PCL3, which are homologs of PHD finger protein1 (PHF1). PCL family proteins are accessory components of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) core complex and all contain an N-terminal Tudor domain followed by two PHD fingers, and a C-terminal MTF2 domain. They specifically recognize tri-methylated H3K36 (H3K36me3) through their N-terminal Tudor domains. The interaction between their Tudor domains and H3K36me3 is critical for both the targeting and spreading of PRC2 into active chromatin regions and for the maintenance of optimal repression of poised developmental genes where PCL proteins, H3K36me3, and H3K27me3 coexist. Moreover, unlike other PHD finger-containing proteins, the first PHD fingers of PCL proteins do not display histone H3K4 binding affinity and they do not affect the Tudor domain binding to histones. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1063711602  729 CGVCG-----DGGELICCDNCPSTFHQACLSMQVLP-----EGSWYCSSCTC 770
Cdd:cd15499      2 CSICGgaearDGNEILICDKCDKGYHQLCHSPKVRTsplegDEKWFCSRCVF 53

Acetyltransferase (GNAT) domain; This family contains proteins with N-acetyltransferase functions such as Elp3-related proteins.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1063711602  909 RLDFDGFYTVVVEKDDVMISVASIRVHGVtIAempLVATCSKYRRQGMCRILVAAIEEML--MSLKVEKLVVAALPSLVE 986
Cdd:pfam13673   25 RIDQGEYFFFVAFEGGQIVGVIALRDRGH-IS---LLFVDPDYQGQGIGKALLEAVEDYAekDGIKLSELTVNASPYAVP 100

                           90
                   ....*....|....*...
gi 1063711602  987 TWtEGFGFKPMDDEERDA 1004
Cdd:pfam13673  101 FY-EKLGFRATGPEQEFN 117

PHD finger found in bromodomain and PHD finger-containing protein 1 (BRPF1) and similar proteins; BRPF1, also termed peregrin or protein Br140, is a multi-domain protein that binds histones, mediates monocytic leukemic zinc-finger protein (MOZ)-dependent histone acetylation, and is required for Hox gene expression and segmental identity. It is a close partner of the MOZ histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex and a novel Trithorax group (TrxG) member with a central role during development. BRPF1 is primarily a nuclear protein that has a broad tissue distribution and is abundant in testes and spermatogonia. It contains a canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger followed by a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, a bromodomain and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain. PHD and ePHD fingers both bind to lysine 4 of histone H3 (K4H3), bromodomains interact with acetylated lysines on N-terminal tails of histones and other proteins, and PWWP domains show histone-binding and chromatin association properties. BRPF1 may be involved in chromatin remodeling. This model corresponds to the canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1063711602  726 DDSCGVCGDG-----GELICCDNCPSTFHQACLSMQVLPEGSWYCSSC 768
Cdd:cd15676      7 DAVCCICNDGecqnsNVILFCDMCNLAVHQECYGVPYIPEGQWLCRRC 54

PHD finger 1 found in Lysine-specific demethylase KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM5D and similar proteins; The JARID subfamily within the JmjC proteins includes Lysine-specific demethylase KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM5D and a Drosophila homolog, protein little imaginal discs (Lid). KDM5A was originally identified as a retinoblastoma protein (Rb)-binding partner and its inactivation may be important for Rb to promote differentiation. It is involved in transcription through interacting with TBP, p107, nuclear receptors, Myc, Sin3/HDAC, Mad1, RBP-J, CLOCK and BMAL1. KDM5B has a restricted expression pattern in the testis, ovary, and transiently in the mammary gland of the pregnant female and has been shown to be upregulated in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer, suggesting a potential role in tumorigenesis. Both KDM5A and KDM5B function as trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) demethylases. KDM5C is a H3K4 trimethyl-histone demethylase that catalyzes demethylation of H3K4me3 and H3K4me2 to H3K4me1. It plays a role in neuronal survival and dendrite development. KDM5C defects are associated with X-linked mental retardation (XLMR). KDM5D is a male-specific antigen that shows a demethylase activity specific for di- and tri-methylated histone H3K4 (H3K4me2 and H3K4me3), and has a male-specific function as a histone H3K4 demethylase by recruiting a meiosis-regulatory protein, MSH5, to condensed DNA. KDM5D directly interacts with a polycomb-like protein Ring6a/MBLR, and plays a role in regulation of transcriptional initiation through H3K4 demethylation. This family also includes Drosophila melanogaster protein little imaginal discs (Lid) that functions as a JmjC-dependent H3K4me3 demethylase, which is required for dMyc-induced cell growth. It positively regulates Hox gene expression in S2 cells. Members in this family contain the catalytic JmjC domain, JmjN, the BRIGHT domain, which is an AT-rich interacting domain (ARID), and a Cys5HisCys2 zinc finger, as well as two or three plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1063711602  729 CGVCGDGGE---LICCDNCPSTFHQACL--SMQVLPEGSWYCSSC 768
Cdd:cd15515      2 CQVCGRGDDedkLLLCDGCDDSYHTFCLipPLPDIPPGDWRCPKC 46

PHD finger found in transcription intermediary factor 1-beta (TIF1-beta); TIF1-beta, also termed Kruppel-associated Box (KRAB)-associated protein 1 (KAP-1), or KRAB-interacting protein 1 (KRIP-1), or nuclear co-repressor KAP-1, or RING finger protein 96, or tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28), or E3 SUMO-protein ligase TRIM28, acts as a nuclear co-repressor that plays a role in transcription and in DNA damage response. Upon DNA damage, the phosphorylation of KAP-1 on serine 824 by the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase enhances cell survival and facilitates chromatin relaxation and heterochromatic DNA repair. It also regulates CHD3 nucleosome remodeling during DNA double-strand break (DSB) response. Meanwhile, KAP-1 can be dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase PP4C in the DNA damage response. In addition, KAP-1 is a co-activator of the orphan nuclear receptor NGFI-B (or Nur77) and is involved in NGFI-B-dependent transcription. It is also a coiled-coil binding partner, substrate and activator of the c-Fes protein tyrosine kinase. TIF1-beta contains an N-terminal RBCC (RING finger, B-box zinc-fingers, coiled-coil), which can interact with KRAB zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs), MDM2, MM1, C/EBPbeta, and mediates homo- and heterodimerization, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a bromodomain in the C-terminal region, which interact with SETDB1, Mi-2alpha and other proteins to form complexes with histone deacetylase or methyltransferase activity.

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gi 1063711602  729 CGVCGDGGELICCDNCPSTFHQACL--SMQVLPEGSWYCSSC 768
Cdd:cd15623      2 CRVCQKAGALVMCDQCEFCFHLDCHlpALQEVPGEDWKCLLC 43

PHD finger 1 found in Lysine-specific demethylase 5C (KDM5C) and 5D (KDM5D); The family includes KDM5C and KDM5D, both of which belong to the JARID subfamily within the JmjC proteins. KDM5C (also termed Histone demethylase JARID1C, Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1C, SmcX, or Xe169) is a H3K4 trimethyl-histone demethylase that catalyzes demethylation of H3K4me3 and H3K4me2 to H3K4me1. It plays a role in neuronal survival and dendrite development. KDM5C defects are associated with X-linked mental retardation (XLMR). KDM5D (also termed Histocompatibility Y antigen (H-Y), Histone demethylase JARID1D, Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1D, or SmcY) is a male-specific antigen that shows a demethylase activity specific for di- and tri-methylated histone H3K4 (H3K4me3 andH3K4me2), and has a male-specific function as a histone H3K4 demethylase by recruiting a meiosis-regulatory protein, MSH5, to condensed DNA. KDM5D directly interacts with a polycomb-like protein Ring6a/MBLR, and plays a role in regulation of transcriptional initiation through H3K4 demethylation. Both KDM5C and KDM5D contain the catalytic JmjC domain, JmjN, the BRIGHT domain, which is an AT-rich interacting domain (ARID), and a Cys5HisCys2 zinc finger, as well as two plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

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gi 1063711602  729 CGVCGDGGE---LICCDNCPSTFHQACL--SMQVLPEGSWYCSSC 768
Cdd:cd15604      2 CRMCSRGDEddkLLLCDGCDDNYHTFCLlpPLPEPPKGIWRCPKC 46

PHD finger 2 found in Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2C (KMT2C); KMT2C, also termed myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia protein 3 (MLL3) or homologous to ALR protein, is a histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) lysine methyltransferase that functions as a circadian factor contributing to genome-scale circadian transcription. It is a component of a large complex that acts as a coactivator of multiple transcription factors, including the bile acid (BA)-activated nuclear receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a critical player in BA homeostasis. The MLL3 complex is essential for p53 transactivation of small heterodimer partner (SHP). KMT2C is also a part of activating signal cointegrator-2 (ASC-2)-containing complex (ASCOM) that contains the transcriptional coactivator nuclear receptor coactivator 6 (NCOA6), KMT2C and its paralog MLL4. The ASCOM complex is critical for nuclear receptor (NR) activation of bile acid transporter genes and is down regulated in cholestasis. KMT2C contains several plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, two extended PHD (ePHD) fingers, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, an ATPase alpha beta signature, a high mobility group (HMG)-1 box, a SET (Suppressor of variegation, Enhancer of zeste, Trithorax) domain and two FY (phenylalanine tyrosine)-rich domains. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.