PHD finger 1 found in bromodomain and PHD finger-containing transcription factor (BPTF); BPTF, also termed nucleosome-remodeling factor subunit BPTF, or fetal Alz-50 clone 1 protein (FAC1), or fetal Alzheimer antigen, functions as a transcriptional regulator that exhibits altered expression and subcellular localization during neuronal development and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. It interacts with the human orthologue of the Kelch-like Ech-associated protein (Keap1). Its function and subcellular localization can be regulated by Keap1. Moreover, BPTF is a novel DNA-binding protein that recognizes the DNA sequence CACAACAC and represses transcription through this site in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Furthermore, BPTF interacts with the Myc-associated zinc finger protein (ZF87/MAZ) and alters its transcriptional activity, which has been implicated in gene regulation in neurodegeneration. Some family members contain two or three plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, which may be involved in complex formation with histone H3 trimethylated at K4 (H3K4me3). This family corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 281360563  341 HCRVCHRLGDLLCCETCPAVYHLECVDPPMNDVPTEDWQCGLC 383
Cdd:cd15559     1 HCRVCHKLGDLLCCETCSAVYHLECVDPPLEEVPEEDWQCEVC 43

Williams-Beuren syndrome DDT (WSD), D-TOX E motif; This family represents the combined alpha-helical module found in diverse eukaryotic chromatin proteins. Based on the Ioc3 structure, the N-terminus of this module is inferred to interact with nucleosomal linker DNA and the SLIDE domain of ISWI proteins. The resulting complex forms a protein ruler that measures out the spacing between two adjacent nucleosomes. The acidic residue from the GxD signature at the N-terminus is a major determinant of the interaction between the ISWI and WHIM motifs. The N-terminal portion also contacts the inter-nucleosomal linker DNA. The module shows a great domain architectural diversity and is often combined with other modified histone peptide recognizing and DNA binding domains, some of which discriminate methylated DNA. The WSD module constitutes the inter-nucleosomal linker DNA binding site in the major groove of DNA, and was first identified as WSD, the D-TOX E motif of plant homeodomains homologous with the mutant transcription factor causing Williams-Beuren syndrome in association with the DDT-domain.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 281360563   405 IRHDSLGVDRHGRKYWFIA---RRIFIEDQENFTCWYYST 441
Cdd:pfam15613    1 IRSLPLGRDRRYNRYWWFDpgtGRLFVESPSDGEWGVYSS 40

PHD finger 1 found in bromodomain and PHD finger-containing transcription factor (BPTF); BPTF, also termed nucleosome-remodeling factor subunit BPTF, or fetal Alz-50 clone 1 protein (FAC1), or fetal Alzheimer antigen, functions as a transcriptional regulator that exhibits altered expression and subcellular localization during neuronal development and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. It interacts with the human orthologue of the Kelch-like Ech-associated protein (Keap1). Its function and subcellular localization can be regulated by Keap1. Moreover, BPTF is a novel DNA-binding protein that recognizes the DNA sequence CACAACAC and represses transcription through this site in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Furthermore, BPTF interacts with the Myc-associated zinc finger protein (ZF87/MAZ) and alters its transcriptional activity, which has been implicated in gene regulation in neurodegeneration. Some family members contain two or three plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, which may be involved in complex formation with histone H3 trimethylated at K4 (H3K4me3). This family corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 281360563  341 HCRVCHRLGDLLCCETCPAVYHLECVDPPMNDVPTEDWQCGLC 383
Cdd:cd15559     1 HCRVCHKLGDLLCCETCSAVYHLECVDPPLEEVPEEDWQCEVC 43

DDT domain; The DDT domain is named after (DNA binding homeobox and Different Transcription factors) and is approximately 60 residues in length. Along with the WHIM motifs, it comprises an entirely alpha helical module found in diverse eukaryotic chromatin proteins. Based on the structure of Ioc3, this module is inferred to interact with nucleosomal linker DNA and the SLIDE domain of ISWI proteins. The resulting complex forms a protein ruler that measures out the spacing between two adjacent nucleosomes. In particular, the DDT domain, in combination with the WHIM1 and WHIM2 motifs form the SLIDE domain binding pocket.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 281360563   190 HVLRALSIYEVLRRFRHMVRLSPFRFEDLCAALACEEQ-SALLTEVHIMLLKAILRE 245
Cdd:pfam02791    2 AFGDLLMVWEFLNSFGEVLGLSPFTLDDFEEALLCTEEpSELLDEIHCALLKALVRD 58

PHD zinc finger; The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger is a C4HC3 zinc-finger-like motif found in nuclear proteins thought to be involved in epigenetics and chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. The PHD finger binds two zinc ions using the so-called 'cross-brace' motif and is thus structurally related to the RING finger and the FYVE finger. It is not yet known if PHD fingers have a common molecular function. Several reports suggest that it can function as a protein-protein interacton domain and it was recently demonstrated that the PHD finger of p300 can cooperate with the adjacent BROMO domain in nucleosome binding in vitro. Other reports suggesting that the PHD finger is a ubiquitin ligase have been refuted as these domains were RING fingers misidentified as PHD fingers.

                            10        20        30        40
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 281360563    342 CRVCHR---LGDLLCCETCPAVYHLECVDPPMND-VPTEDWQCGLC 383
Cdd:smart00249    2 CSVCGKpddGGELLQCDGCDRWYHQTCLGPPLLEeEPDGKWYCPKC 47

WSTF, HB1, Itc1p, MBD9 motif 1; A conserved alpha helical motif that along with the WHIM2 and WHIM3 motifs, and the DDT domain comprise an alpha helical module found in diverse eukaryotic chromatin proteins.Based on the Ioc3 structure, this module is inferred to interact with nucleosomal linker DNA and the SLIDE domain of ISWI proteins. The resulting complex forms a protein ruler that measures out the spacing between two adjacent nucleosomes. The conserved basic residue in WHIM1 is involved in packing with the DDT motif. The module shows a great domain architectural diversity and is often combined with other modified histone peptide recognising and DNA binding domains, some of which discriminate methylated DNA.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 281360563   286 KTFDRNVFHILSHTEYPYTGIDNRLEVLQFLSDQFLTSNSIRDVM 330
Cdd:pfam15612    1 REDLPGLLETLKKGGYYELSPEEKLKILKALCDLLLSSSAIRDEI 45

PHD finger 1 found in bromodomain and PHD finger-containing transcription factor (BPTF); BPTF, also termed nucleosome-remodeling factor subunit BPTF, or fetal Alz-50 clone 1 protein (FAC1), or fetal Alzheimer antigen, functions as a transcriptional regulator that exhibits altered expression and subcellular localization during neuronal development and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. It interacts with the human orthologue of the Kelch-like Ech-associated protein (Keap1). Its function and subcellular localization can be regulated by Keap1. Moreover, BPTF is a novel DNA-binding protein that recognizes the DNA sequence CACAACAC and represses transcription through this site in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Furthermore, BPTF interacts with the Myc-associated zinc finger protein (ZF87/MAZ) and alters its transcriptional activity, which has been implicated in gene regulation in neurodegeneration. Some family members contain two or three plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, which may be involved in complex formation with histone H3 trimethylated at K4 (H3K4me3). This family corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 281360563  341 HCRVCHRLGDLLCCETCPAVYHLECVDPPMNDVPTEDWQCGLC 383
Cdd:cd15559     1 HCRVCHKLGDLLCCETCSAVYHLECVDPPLEEVPEEDWQCEVC 43

domain in different transcription and chromosome remodeling factors;

                            10        20        30        40        50        60
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 281360563    188 NTHVLRALSIYEVLRRFRHMVRLSPFR--FEDLCAALACEEQSALLTEVHIMLLKAILREEDA 248
Cdd:smart00571    1 NEAFGDLLMVYEFLRSFGKVLGLSPFRatLEDFIAALKCRDQNGLLTEVHVVLLRAILKDEGE 63

PHD finger found in the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 (TIF1) family and similar proteins; The TIF1 family of transcriptional cofactors includes TIF1alpha (TRIM24), TIF1beta (TRIM28), TIF1gamma (TRIM33), and TIF1delta (TRIM66), which are characterized by an N-terminal RING-finger B-box coiled-coil (RBCC/TRIM) motif and plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a bromodomain in the C-terminal region. TIF1 proteins couple chromatin modifications to transcriptional regulation, signaling, and tumor suppression. They exert a deacetylase-dependent silencing effect when tethered to a promoter region. TIF1alpha, TIF1beta, and TIF1delta can homodimerize and contain a PXVXL motif necessary and sufficient for heterochromatin protein 1(HP1) binding. TIF1alpha and TIF1beta bind nuclear receptors and Kruppel-associated boxes (KRAB) specifically and respectively. In contrast, TIF1delta appears to lack nuclear receptor- and KRAB-binding activity. Moreover, TIF1delta is specifically involved in heterochromatin-mediated gene silencing during postmeiotic phases of spermatogenesis. TIF1gamma is structurally closely related to TIF1alpha and TIF1beta, but has very little functional features in common with them. It does not interact with the KRAB silencing domain of KOX1 or the heterochromatinic proteins HP1alpha, beta, and gamma. It cannot bind to nuclear receptors (NRs). This family also includes Sp100/Sp140 family proteins, the nuclear body SP100 and SP140. Sp110 is a leukocyte-specific component of the nuclear body. It may function as a nuclear hormone receptor transcriptional coactivator that may play a role in inducing differentiation of myeloid cells. It is also involved in resisting intracellular pathogens and functions as an important drug target for preventing intracellular pathogen diseases, such as tuberculosis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, and intracellular cancers. SP140 is an interferon inducible nuclear leukocyte-specific protein involved in primary biliary cirrhosis and a risk factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It is also implicated in innate immune response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by binding to the virus viral infectivity factor (Vif) protein. Both Sp110 and Sp140 contain a SAND domain, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, and a bromodomain (BRD).

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 281360563  342 CRVCHRLGDLLCCETCPAVYHLECVDPPMNDVPTEDWQCGLC 383
Cdd:cd15541     2 CAVCQNGGELLCCDKCPRVFHLDCHIPPIPEFPSGEWSCSLC 43

PHD finger 1 found in PHD finger protein 12 (PHF12); PHF12, also termed PHD factor 1 (Pf1), is a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger-containing protein that bridges the transducin-like enhancer of split (TLE) corepressor to the mSin3A-histone deacetylase (HDAC)-complex, and further represses transcription at targeted genes. PHF12 also interacts with MRG15 (mortality factor-related genes on chromosome 15), a member of the mortality factor (MORF) family of proteins implicated in regulating cellular senescence. PHF12 contains two plant-homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers followed by a polybasic region. The PHD fingers function downstream of phosphoinositide signaling triggered by the interaction between polybasic regions and phosphoinositides. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 281360563  342 CRVCHRLGDLLCCETCPAVYHLECVDPPMN--DVPTEDWQCGLC 383
Cdd:cd15533     2 CDSCGEGGDLLCCDRCPASFHLQCCNPPLDeeDLPPGEWLCHRC 45

PHD finger 1 found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcriptional regulatory protein Rco1 and similar proteins; Rco1 is a component of the Rpd3S histone deacetylase complex that plays an important role at actively transcribed genes. Rco1 contains two plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, which are required for the methylation of histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36) nucleosome recognition by Rpd3S. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 281360563  342 CRVCHRLGDLLCCETCPAVYHLECVDPPMN--DVPTEDWQCGLC 383
Cdd:cd15535     2 CSACGGYGSFLCCDGCPRSFHFSCLDPPLEedNLPDDEWFCNEC 45

PHD finger found in transcriptional intermediary factor 1 delta (TIF1delta); TIF1delta, also termed tripartite motif-containing protein 66 (TRIM66), is a novel heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1)-interacting member of the transcriptional intermediary factor1 (TIF1) family expressed by elongating spermatids. Like other TIF1 proteins, TIF1delta displays a potent trichostatin A (TSA)-sensitive repression function; TSA is a specific inhibitor of histone deacetylases. Moreover, TIF1delta plays an important role in heterochromatin-mediated gene silencing during postmeiotic phases of spermatogenesis. It functions as a negative regulator of postmeiotic genes acting through HP1 isotype gamma (HP1gamma) complex formation and centromere association. TIF1delta contains an N-terminal RBCC (RING finger, B-box zinc-fingers, coiled-coil), a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, followed by a bromodomain in the C-terminal region.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 281360563  339 DDHCRVCHRLGDLLCCETCPAVYHLECVDPPMNDVPTEDWQCGLCRS 385
Cdd:cd15625     2 EDFCAVCLNGGELLCCDRCPKVFHLSCHVPALLSFPVGEWVCTLCRN 48

PHD finger found in transcription intermediary factor 1-beta (TIF1-beta); TIF1-beta, also termed Kruppel-associated Box (KRAB)-associated protein 1 (KAP-1), or KRAB-interacting protein 1 (KRIP-1), or nuclear co-repressor KAP-1, or RING finger protein 96, or tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28), or E3 SUMO-protein ligase TRIM28, acts as a nuclear co-repressor that plays a role in transcription and in DNA damage response. Upon DNA damage, the phosphorylation of KAP-1 on serine 824 by the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) kinase enhances cell survival and facilitates chromatin relaxation and heterochromatic DNA repair. It also regulates CHD3 nucleosome remodeling during DNA double-strand break (DSB) response. Meanwhile, KAP-1 can be dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase PP4C in the DNA damage response. In addition, KAP-1 is a co-activator of the orphan nuclear receptor NGFI-B (or Nur77) and is involved in NGFI-B-dependent transcription. It is also a coiled-coil binding partner, substrate and activator of the c-Fes protein tyrosine kinase. TIF1-beta contains an N-terminal RBCC (RING finger, B-box zinc-fingers, coiled-coil), which can interact with KRAB zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFPs), MDM2, MM1, C/EBPbeta, and mediates homo- and heterodimerization, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a bromodomain in the C-terminal region, which interact with SETDB1, Mi-2alpha and other proteins to form complexes with histone deacetylase or methyltransferase activity.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 281360563  342 CRVCHRLGDLLCCETCPAVYHLECVDPPMNDVPTEDWQCGLC 383
Cdd:cd15623     2 CRVCQKAGALVMCDQCEFCFHLDCHLPALQEVPGEDWKCLLC 43

PHD zinc finger; The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger is a C4HC3 zinc-finger-like motif found in nuclear proteins thought to be involved in epigenetics and chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. The PHD finger binds two zinc ions using the so-called 'cross-brace' motif and is thus structurally related to the RING finger and the FYVE finger. It is not yet known if PHD fingers have a common molecular function. Several reports suggest that it can function as a protein-protein interacton domain and it was recently demonstrated that the PHD finger of p300 can cooperate with the adjacent BROMO domain in nucleosome binding in vitro. Other reports suggesting that the PHD finger is a ubiquitin ligase have been refuted as these domains were RING fingers misidentified as PHD fingers.

                            10        20        30        40
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 281360563    342 CRVCHR---LGDLLCCETCPAVYHLECVDPPMND-VPTEDWQCGLC 383
Cdd:smart00249    2 CSVCGKpddGGELLQCDGCDRWYHQTCLGPPLLEeEPDGKWYCPKC 47

PHD finger 1 found in class II Chromodomain-Helicase-DNA binding (CHD) proteins; Class II CHD proteins includes chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein CHD3, CHD4, and CHD5, which are nuclear and ubiquitously expressed chromatin remodelling ATPases generally associated with histone deacetylases (HDACs). They are involved in DNA Double Strand Break (DSB) signaling, DSB repair and/or p53-dependent pathways such as apoptosis and senescence, as well as in the maintenance of genomic stability, and/or cancer prevention. They function as subunits of the Nucleosome Remodelling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex, which is generally associated with gene repression, heterochromatin formation, and overall chromatin compaction. In contrast to the class I CHD enzymes (CHD1 and CHD2), class II CHD proteins lack identifiable DNA-binding domains, but possess a C-terminal coiled-coil region. Moreover, in addition to the tandem chromodomains and a helicase domain, they all harbor tandem plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers involved in the recognition of methylated histone tails. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 281360563  341 HCRVCHRLGDLLCCETCPAVYHLECVDPPMNDVPTEDWQCGLC 383
Cdd:cd15531     1 YCEVCQQGGEIILCDTCPRAYHLVCLDPELEKAPEGKWSCPHC 43

PHD finger found in protein kinase C-binding protein 1 (PRKCBP1); PRKCBP1, also termed cutaneous T-cell lymphoma-associated antigen se14-3 (CTCL-associated antigen se14-3), or Rack7, or zinc finger MYND domain-containing protein 8 (ZMYND8), is a novel receptor for activated C-kinase (RACK)-like protein that may play an important role in the activation and regulation of PKC-beta I, and the PKC signaling cascade. It also has been identified as a formin homology-2-domain containing protein 1 (FHOD1)-binding protein that may be involved in FHOD1-regulated actin polymerization and transcription. Moreover, PRKCBP1 may function as a REST co-repressor 2 (RCOR2) interacting factor; the RCOR2/ZMYND8 complex which might be involved in the regulation of neural differentiation. PRKCBP1 contains a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a bromodomain, and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 281360563  342 CRVCHRLGDLLCCETCPAVYHLECVdpPMNDVPTEDWQCGLC 383
Cdd:cd15538     2 CWRCHKEGQVLCCSLCPRVYHKKCL--KLTSEPDEDWVCPEC 41

PHD finger found in PHD and RING finger domain-containing protein 1 (PHRF1); PHRF1, also termed KIAA1542, or CTD-binding SR-like protein rA9, is a ubiquitin ligase that induces the ubiquitination of TGIF (TG-interacting factor) at lysine 130. It acts as a tumor suppressor that promotes the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta cytostatic program through selective release of TGIF-driven promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) inactivation. PHRF1 contains a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger and a RING finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 281360563  342 CRVCHRLGD---LLCCETCPAVYHLECVDPPMNDVPTEDWQCGLC 383
Cdd:cd15536     2 CEVCGRSDRedrLLLCDGCDAGYHMECLTPPLDEVPIEEWFCPEC 46

PHD finger found in bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain protein 1A (BAZ1A); BAZ1A, also termed ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling protein, or ATP-utilizing chromatin assembly and remodeling factor 1 (ACF1), or CHRAC subunit ACF1, or Williams syndrome transcription factor-related chromatin-remodeling factor 180 (WCRF180), or WALp1, is a subunit of the conserved imitation switch (ISWI)-family ATP-dependent chromatin assembly and remodeling factor (ACF)/chromatin accessibility complex (CHRAC) chromatin remodeling complex, which is required for DNA replication through heterochromatin. It alters the remodeling properties of the ATPase motor protein sucrose nonfermenting-2 homolog (SNF2H). Moreover, BAZ1A and its complexes play important roles in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. It is essential for averting improper gene expression during spermatogenesis. It also regulates transcriptional repression of vitamin D3 receptor-regulated genes. BAZ1A contains a WAC motif, a DDT domain, BAZ 1 and BAZ 2 motifs, a WAKZ (WSTF/Acf1/KIAA0314/ZK783.4) motif, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, and a bromodomain.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 281360563  342 CRVCHRLGD---LLCCETCPAVYHLECVDPPMNDVPTEDWQCGLC 383
Cdd:cd15627     2 CRICRRKGDaekMLLCDGCDRGHHMYCLRPPLKKVPEGDWFCPDC 46

PHD finger 4 found in nuclear SET domain-containing protein 3 (NSD3); NSD3, also termed histone-lysine N-methyltransferase NSD3, or protein whistle, or WHSC1-like 1 isoform 9 with methyltransferase activity to lysine, or Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1-like protein 1 (WHSC1-like protein 1, or WHSC1L1), is a lysine methyltransferase encoded by gene NSD3, which is amplified in human breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, translocation resulting in NUP98 fusion to NSD3 leads to the development of acute myeloid leukemia. NSD3 contains a catalytic suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste and trithorax (SET) domain, two proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-prolin motif (PWWP) domains, five plant-homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers, and an NSD-specific Cys-His rich domain (Cys5HisCysHis). The SET domain is responsible for histone methyltransferase activity. The PWWP and PHD fingers are involved in protein-protein interactions. This model corresponds to the fourth PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 281360563  342 CRVCHRLGDLLCCETCPAVYHLECVDPPMndvPTEDWQCGLC 383
Cdd:cd15658     2 CFVCARGGRLLCCESCPASFHPECLSIEM---PEGCWNCNEC 40

PHD finger 2 found in Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2C (KMT2C) and 2D (KMT2D); KMT2C, also termed myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia protein 3 (MLL3) or homologous to ALR protein, is a histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) lysine methyltransferase that functions as a circadian factor contributing to genome-scale circadian transcription. It is a component of a large complex that acts as a coactivator of multiple transcription factors, including the bile acid (BA)-activated nuclear receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a critical player in BA homeostasis. The MLL3 complex is essential for p53 transactivation of small heterodimer partner (SHP). KMT2C is also a part of activating signal cointegrator-2 (ASC-2)-containing complex (ASCOM) that contains the transcriptional coactivator nuclear receptor coactivator 6 (NCOA6), KMT2C and its paralog MLL4. The ASCOM complex is critical for nuclear receptor (NR) activation of bile acid transporter genes and is down regulated in cholestasis. KMT2D, also termed ALL1-related protein (ALR), is encoded by the gene that was named MLL4, a fourth human homolog of Drosophila trithorax, located on chromosome 12. It enzymatically generates trimethylated histone H3 Lysine 4 (H3K4me3). It plays an essential role in differentiating the human pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cell line NTERA-2 clone D1 (NT2/D1) stem cells by activating differentiation-specific genes, such as HOXA1-3 and NESTIN. KMT2D is also a part of ASCOM. Both KMT2C and KMT2D contain the catalytic domain SET, five plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, two extended PHD (ePHD) fingers, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, a RING finger, an HMG (high-mobilitygroup)-binding motif, and two FY-rich regions. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 281360563  342 CRVCHRLGD---LLCCETCPAVYHLECVDPPMNDVPTEDWQCGLC 383
Cdd:cd15510     2 CQACRQPGDdtkMLVCETCDKGYHTSCLRPVMSSIPKYGWKCKNC 46

PHD finger 2 found in Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D); KMT2D, also termed ALL1-related protein (ALR), is encoded by the gene that was named myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia 4 (MLL4), a fourth human homolog of Drosophila trithorax, located on chromosome 12. KMT2D enzymatically generates trimethylated histone H3 Lys 4 (H3K4me3). It plays an essential role in differentiating the human pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cell line NTERA-2 clone D1 (NT2/D1) stem cells by activating differentiation-specific genes, such asHOXA1-3 and NESTIN. It is also a part of activating signal cointegrator-2 (ASC-2)-containing complex (ASCOM) that contains the transcriptional coactivator nuclear receptor coactivator 6 (NCOA6), KMT2C and KMT2D. The ASCOM complex is critical for nuclear receptor (NR) activation of bile acid transporter genes and is down regulated in cholestasis. KMT2D contains the catalytic domain SET, five plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, two extended PHD (ePHD) fingers, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, a RING finger, an HMG (high-mobility group)-binding motif, and two FY-rich regions. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 281360563  342 CRVCHRLGD---LLCCETCPAVYHLECVDPPMNDVPTEDWQCGLC 383
Cdd:cd15595     2 CQTCRKPGEdskMLVCEACDKGYHTFCLKPAMESLPTDSWKCKAC 46

PHD finger found in bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain protein 2A (BAZ2A) and 2B (BAZ2B); BAZ2A, also termed transcription termination factor I-interacting protein 5 (TTF-I-interacting protein 5, or Tip5), or WALp3, is an epigenetic regulator. It has been implicated in epigenetic rRNA gene silencing, as the large subunit of the SNF2h-containing chromatin-remodeling complex NoRC that induces nucleosome sliding in an ATP- and histone H4 tail-dependent fashion. BAZ2A has also been shown to be broadly overexpressed in prostate cancer, to regulate numerous protein-coding genes and to cooperate with EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) to maintain epigenetic silencing at genes repressed in prostate cancer metastasis. Its overexpression is tightly associated with a prostate cancer subtype displaying CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) in tumors and with prostate cancer recurrence in patients. BAZ2B, also termed WALp4, is a bromodomain-containing protein whose biological role is still elusive. It shows high sequence similarly with BAZ2A. Both BAZ2A and BAZ2B contain a TAM (TIP5/ARBP/MBD) domain, a DDT domain, four AT-hooks, BAZ 1 and BAZ 2 motifs, a WAKZ (WSTF/Acf1/KIAA0314/ZK783.4) motif, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, and a bromodomain. BAZ2B also harbors an extra Apolipophorin-III like domain in its N-terminal region.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 281360563  342 CRVCHRlGD----LLCCETCPAVYHLECVDPPMNDVPTEDWQCGLC 383
Cdd:cd15545     2 CQICRS-GDnedqLLLCDGCDRGYHTYCFKPKMTNVPEGDWFCPEC 46

PHD finger 4 found in nuclear SET domain-containing protein 2 (NSD2); NSD2, also termed histone-lysine N-methyltransferase NSD2, or multiple myeloma SET domain-containing protein (MMSET), or protein trithorax-5 Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1 protein (WHSC1), is overexpressed frequently in the t(4;14) translocation in 15% to 20% of multiple myeloma. It plays important roles in cancer cell proliferation, survival, and tumor growth, by mediating constitutive NF-kappaB signaling via the cytokine autocrine loop. It also enhances androgen receptor (AR)-mediated transcription. The principal chromatin-regulatory activity of NSD2 is dimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 36 (H3K36me2). NSD2 contains a catalytic suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste and trithorax (SET) domain, two proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-prolin motif (PWWP) domains, a high mobility group (HMG) box, five PHD (plant-homeodomain) zinc fingers, and an NSD-specific Cys-His rich domain (Cys5HisCysHis). The SET domain is responsible for histone methyltransferase activity. The PWWP, HMG, and PHD fingers mediate chromatin interaction and recognition of histone marks. This model corresponds to the fourth PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 281360563  342 CRVCHRLGDLLCCETCPAVYHLECVDPPMndvPTEDWQCGLCR 384
Cdd:cd15657     2 CFVCSKGGSLLCCESCPAAFHPDCLNIEM---PDGSWFCNDCR 41

PHD finger 5 found in Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2C (KMT2C) and PHD finger 4 found in KMT2D; KMT2C, also termed myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia protein 3 (MLL3), or homologous to ALR protein, is a histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) lysine methyltransferase that functions as a circadian factor contributing to genome-scale circadian transcription. It is a component of a large complex that acts as a coactivator of multiple transcription factors, including the bile acid (BA)-activated nuclear receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a critical player in BA homeostasis. The MLL3 complex is essential for p53 transactivation of small heterodimer partner (SHP). KMT2C is also a part of activating signal cointegrator-2 (ASC-2)-containing complex (ASCOM) that contains the transcriptional coactivator nuclear receptor coactivator 6 (NCOA6), KMT2C and its paralog MLL4. The ASCOM complex is critical for nuclear receptor (NR) activation of bile acid transporter genes and is down regulated in cholestasis. KMT2D, also termed ALL1-related protein (ALR), is encoded by the gene that was named MLL4, a fourth human homolog of Drosophila trithorax, located on chromosome 12. It enzymatically generates trimethylated histone H3 Lysine 4 (H3K4me3). It plays an essential role in differentiating the human pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cell line NTERA-2 clone D1 (NT2/D1) stem cells by activating differentiation-specific genes, such as HOXA1-3 and NESTIN. KMT2D is also a part of ASCOM. Both KMT2C and KMT2D contain the catalytic domain SET, several plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, extended PHD (ePHD) fingers, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, a RING finger, an HMG (high-mobility group)-binding motif, and two FY-rich regions. This model corresponds to the fifth PHD finger of KMT2C and the fourth PHD finger of KMT2D.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 281360563  342 CRVCHRLGD---LLCCETCPAVYHLECVDPPMNDVPTEDWQCGLC 383
Cdd:cd15513     2 CEGCGKASDesrLLLCDDCDISYHTYCLDPPLQTVPKGGWKCKWC 46

PHD finger found in bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain protein 1B (BAZ1B); BAZ1B, also termed Tyrosine-protein kinase BAZ1B, or Williams syndrome transcription factor (WSTF), or Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosomal region 10 protein, Williams-Beuren syndrome chromosomal region 9 protein, or WALp2, is a multifunctional protein implicated in several nuclear processes, including replication, transcription, and the DNA damage response. BAZ1B/WSTF, together with the imitation switch (ISWI) ATPase, forms a WSTF-ISWI chromatin remodeling complex (WICH), which transiently associates with the human inactive X chromosome (Xi) during late S-phase prior to BRCA1 and gamma-H2AX. Moreover, BAZ1B/WSTF, SNF2h, and nuclear myosin 1 (NM1) forms the chromatin remodeling complex B-WICH that is involved in regulating rDNA transcription. BAZ1B contains a WAC motif, a DDT domain, BAZ 1 and BAZ 2 motifs, a WAKZ (WSTF/Acf1/KIAA0314/ZK783.4) motif, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, and a bromodomain.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 281360563  342 CRVCHRLGD---LLCCETCPAVYHLECVDPPMNDVPTEDWQCGLC 383
Cdd:cd15628     2 CKVCRKKGEddkLILCDECNQAFHLFCLRPALYEVPDGEWMCPAC 46

PHD finger found in the Sp100/Sp140 family of nuclear body components; The Sp100/Sp140 family includes nuclear body proteins SP100, SP140, and similar proteins. Sp110, also termed interferon-induced protein 41/75, or speckled 110 kDa, or transcriptional coactivator Sp110, is a leukocyte-specific component of the nuclear body. It may function as a nuclear hormone receptor transcriptional coactivator that may play a role in inducing differentiation of myeloid cells. It is also involved in resisting intracellular pathogens and functions as an important drug target for preventing intracellular pathogen diseases, such as tuberculosis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, and intracellular cancers. Sp110 gene polymorphisms may be associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis in Chinese population. Sp110 contains a Sp100-like domain, a SAND domain, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, and a bromodomain (BRD). SP140, also termed lymphoid-restricted homolog of Sp100 (LYSp100), or nuclear autoantigen Sp-140, or speckled 140 kDa, is an interferon inducible nuclear leukocyte-specific protein involved in primary biliary cirrhosis and a risk factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It is also implicated in innate immune response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by binding to the virus's viral infectivity factor (Vif) protein. Sp140 contains a nuclear localization signal, a dimerization domain (HSR or CARD domain), a SAND domain, a PHD finger, and a BRD.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 281360563  342 CRVCHRLGDLLCCETCPAVYHLECVDPPMnDVPTEDWQCGLC 383
Cdd:cd15626     2 CEVCGQEGKLFCCCTCSRVFHEDCHIPPV-EAQRSPWSCTFC 42

PHD finger found in ubiquitin-like PHD and RING finger domain-containing protein UHRF1 and UHRF2; UHRF1 is a unique chromatin effector protein that integrates the recognition of both histone PTMs and DNA methylation. It is essential for cell proliferation and plays a critical role in the development and progression of many human carcinomas, such as laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), gastric cancer (GC), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer. UHRF1 acts as a transcriptional repressor through its binding to histone H3 when it is unmodified at Arg2. Its overexpression in human lung fibroblasts results in downregulation of expression of the tumour suppressor pRB. It also plays a role in transcriptional repression of the cell cycle regulator p21. Moreover, UHRF1-dependent repression of transcription factors can facilitate the G1-S transition. It interacts with Tat-interacting protein of 60 kDa (TIP60) and induces degradation-independent ubiquitination of TIP60. It is also an N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG)-interacting protein that binds MPG in a p53 status-independent manner in the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway. In addition, UHRF1 functions as an epigenetic regulator that is important for multiple aspects of epigenetic regulation, including maintenance of DNA methylation patterns and recognition of various histone modifications. UHRF2 was originally identified as a ubiquitin ligase acting as a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase that enhances zinc finger protein 131 (ZNF131) SUMOylation but does not enhance ZNF131 ubiquitination. It also ubiquitinates PCNP, a PEST-containing nuclear protein. Moreover, UHRF2 functions as a nuclear protein involved in cell-cycle regulation and has been implicated in tumorigenesis. It interacts with cyclins, CDKs, p53, pRB, PCNA, HDAC1, DNMTs, G9a, methylated histone H3 lysine 9, and methylated DNA. It interacts with the cyclin E-CDK2 complex, ubiquitinates cyclins D1 and E1, induces G1 arrest, and is involved in the G1/S transition regulation. Furthermore, UHRF2 is a direct transcriptional target of the transcription factor E2F-1 in the induction of apoptosis. It recruits HDAC1 and binds to methyl-CpG. UHRF2 also participates in the maturation of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) by interacting with the HBV core protein and promoting its degradation. Both UHRF1 and UHRF2 contain an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain (UBL), a tandem Tudor domain (TTD), a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a SET- and RING-associated (SRA) domain, and a C-terminal RING finger.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 281360563  342 CRVC---HRLGDLLCCETCPAVYHLECVDPPMNDVPTED-WQCGLC 383
Cdd:cd15525     2 CHVCggkQDPEKQLLCDECDMAYHLYCLDPPLTSLPDDDeWYCPDC 47

PHD finger 2 found in PHD finger protein 12 (PHF12), yeast Rco1, and similar proteins; PHF12, also termed PHD factor 1 (Pf1), is a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger-containing protein that bridges the transducin-like enhancer of split (TLE) corepressor to the mSin3A-histone deacetylase (HDAC)-complex, and further represses transcription at targeted genes. PHF12 also interacts with MRG15 (mortality factor-related genes on chromosome 15), a member of the mortality factor (MORF) family of proteins implicated in regulating cellular senescence. PHF12 contains two plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers followed by a polybasic region. The PHD fingers function downstream of phosphoinositide signaling triggered by the interaction between polybasic regions and phosphoinositides. This subfamily also includes yeast transcriptional regulatory protein Rco1 and similar proteins. Rco1 is a component of the Rpd3S histone deacetylase complex that plays an important role at actively transcribed genes. Rco1 contains two PHD fingers, which are required for the methylation of histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36) nucleosome recognition by Rpd3S. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

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gi 281360563  342 CRVCHRLGD---LLCCETCPAVYHLECVDPPMNDVP-TEDWQC 380
Cdd:cd15534     2 CFKCNRSCRvapLIQCDYCPLLFHLDCLDPPLTHPPaTGRWMC 44

PHD finger 2 found in monocytic leukemia zinc-finger protein (MOZ) and its factor (MORF); MOZ, also termed histone acetyltransferase KAT6A, YBF2/SAS3, SAS2 and TIP60 protein 3 (MYST-3), or runt-related transcription factor-binding protein 2, or zinc finger protein 220, is a MYST-type histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that functions as a coactivator for acute myeloid leukemia 1 protein (AML1)- and p53-dependent transcription. It possesses intrinsic HAT activity to acetylate both itself and lysine (K) residues on histone H2B, histone H3 (K14) and histone H4 (K5, K8, K12 and K16) in vitro and H3K9 in vivo. MOZ-related factor (MORF), also termed MOZ2, or histone acetyltransferase KAT6B, or MOZ, YBF2/SAS3, SAS2 and TIP60 protein 4 (MYST4), is a ubiquitously expressed transcriptional regulator with intrinsic HAT activity. It can interact with the Runt-domain transcription factor Runx2 and form a tetrameric complex with BRPFs, ING5, and EAF6. Both MOZ and MORF are catalytic subunits of HAT complexes that are required for normal developmental programs, such as hematopoiesis, neurogenesis, and skeletogenesis, and are also implicated in human leukemias. MOZ is also the catalytic subunit of a tetrameric inhibitor of growth 5 (ING5) complex, which specifically acetylates nucleosomal histone H3K14. Moreover, MOZ and MORF are involved in regulating transcriptional activation mediated by Runx2 (or Cbfa1), a Runt-domain transcription factor known to play important roles in T cell lymphomagenesis and bone development, and its homologs. MOZ contains a linker histone 1 and histone 5 domains and two plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. In contrast, MORF contains an N-terminal region containing two PHD fingers, a putative HAT domain, an acidic region, and a C-terminal Ser/Met-rich domain. The family corresponds to the first PHD finger.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 281360563  342 CRVCHRLGD---LLCCETCPAVYHLECVDPPMNDVPTEDWQCGLC 383
Cdd:cd15527     2 CSVCQDSGNadnLLFCDACDKGFHMECHDPPLTRMPKGKWVCQIC 46

PHD finger found in ubiquitin-like PHD and RING finger domain-containing protein 2 (UHRF2); UHRF2 (also termed Np95/ICBP90-like RING finger protein (NIRF), Np95-like RING finger protein, nuclear protein 97, nuclear zinc finger protein Np97, RING finger protein 107, or E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UHRF2) was originally identified as a ubiquitin ligase acting as a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase that enhances zinc finger protein 131 (ZNF131) SUMOylation but does not enhance ZNF131 ubiquitination. It also ubiquitinates PCNP, a PEST-containing nuclear protein. Moreover, UHRF2 functions as a nuclear protein involved in cell-cycle regulation and has been implicated in tumorigenesis. It interacts with cyclins, CDKs,p53, pRB, PCNA, HDAC1, DNMTs, G9a, methylated histone H3 lysine 9, and methylated DNA. It interacts with the cyclin E-CDK2 complex, ubiquitinates cyclins D1 and E1, induces G1 arrest, and is involved in the G1/S transition regulation. Furthermore, UHRF2 is a direct transcriptional target of the transcription factor E2F-1 in the induction of apoptosis. It recruits HDAC1 and binds to methyl-CpG. UHRF2 also participates in the maturation of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) by interacting with the HBV core protein and promoting its degradation. UHRF2 contains an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain (UBL), a tandem Tudor domain (TTD), a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a SET- and RING-associated (SRA) domain, and a C-terminal RING finger.

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gi 281360563  342 CRVC---HRLGDLLCCETCPAVYHLECVDPPMNDVPT-EDWQCGLC 383
Cdd:cd15617     2 CYVCggkQDAHMQLLCDECNMAYHIYCLNPPLDKIPEdEDWYCPSC 47

WSTF, HB1, Itc1p, MBD9 motif 1; A conserved alpha helical motif that along with the WHIM2 and WHIM3 motifs, and the DDT domain comprise an alpha helical module found in diverse eukaryotic chromatin proteins.Based on the Ioc3 structure, this module is inferred to interact with nucleosomal linker DNA and the SLIDE domain of ISWI proteins. The resulting complex forms a protein ruler that measures out the spacing between two adjacent nucleosomes. The conserved basic residue in WHIM1 is involved in packing with the DDT motif. The module shows a great domain architectural diversity and is often combined with other modified histone peptide recognising and DNA binding domains, some of which discriminate methylated DNA.

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gi 281360563   286 KTFDRNVFHILSHTEYPYTGIDNRLEVLQFLSDQFLTSNSIRDVM 330
Cdd:pfam15612    1 REDLPGLLETLKKGGYYELSPEEKLKILKALCDLLLSSSAIRDEI 45

PHD finger 2 found in d4 gene family proteins; The family includes proteins coded by three members of the d4 gene family, DPF1 (neuro-d4), DPF2 (ubi-d4/Requiem), and DPF3 (cer-d4), which function as transcription factors and are involved in transcriptional regulation of genes by changing the condensed/decondensed state of chromatin in the nucleus. DPF2 is ubiquitously expressed and it acts as a transcription factor that may participate in developmentally programmed cell death. DPF1 and DPF3 are expressed predominantly in neural tissues, and they may be involved in the transcription regulation of neuro-specific gene clusters. The d4 family proteins show distinct domain organization with domain 2/3 in the N-terminal region, a Cys2His2 (C2H2) zinc finger or Kruppel-type zinc finger in the central part and two adjacent plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers (d4-domain) in the C-terminal part of the molecule. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

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gi 281360563  351 LLCCETCPAVYHLECVDPPMNDVPTEDWQCGLC 383
Cdd:cd15530    14 LLFCDDCDRGYHMYCLSPPMSEPPEGSWSCHLC 46

BAH, or Bromo Adjacent Homology domain, plant-specific sub-family with unknown function. BAH domains are found in a variety of proteins playing roles in transcriptional silencing and the remodeling of chromatin. It is assumed that in most or all of these instances the BAH domain mediates protein-protein interactions.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 281360563  361 YHLECVDPPMNDVPTEDWQCGLCRSHKVSGVVDCVLPQEKQGVLIRHDSlgvdrhGRKYwfiARRIFIEDQENFTCWY 438
Cdd:cd04718     2 FHLCCLRPPLKEVPEGDWICPFCEVEKSGQSAMPQLPPTSRSACEKLLS------GDLW---LARIEKLWEENGTYWY 70

PHD finger 1 found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae SANT domain-containing protein 2 (Snt2p) and similar proteins; Snt2p is a yeast protein that may function in multiple stress pathways. It coordinates the transcriptional response to hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidative stress through interaction with Ecm5 and the Rpd3 deacetylase. Snt2p contains a bromo adjacent homology (BAH) domain, two canonical Cys4HisCys3 plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, a non-canonical extended PHD (ePHD) finger, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, and a SANT (SWI3, ADA2, N-CoR and TFIIIB) DNA-binding domain; this model corresponds to the first canonical Cys4HisCys3 PHD finger.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 281360563  342 CRVCHRL---GDLLCCETCPAVYHLECVDPPMNDVPTED--WQCGLC 383
Cdd:cd15497     2 CKVCKEWcasDDSVRCDECKVSYHLLCVDPPLTKKPNRGfvWSCAPC 48

PHD finger found in bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain protein 2A (BAZ2A); BAZ2A, also termed transcription termination factor I-interacting protein 5 (TTF-I-interacting protein 5, or Tip5), or WALp3, is an epigenetic regulator. It has been implicated in epigenetic rRNA gene silencing, as the large subunit of the SNF2h-containing chromatin-remodeling complex NoRC that induces nucleosome sliding in an ATP- and histone H4 tail-dependent fashion. BAZ2A has also been shown to be broadly overexpressed in prostate cancer, to regulate numerous protein-coding genes and to cooperate with EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) to maintain epigenetic silencing at genes repressed in prostate cancer metastasis. Its overexpression is tightly associated with a prostate cancer subtype displaying CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) in tumors and with prostate cancer recurrence in patients. It contains a TAM (TIP5/ARBP/MBD) domain, a DDT domain, four AT-hooks, BAZ 1 and BAZ 2 motifs, a WAKZ (WSTF/Acf1/KIAA0314/ZK783.4) motif, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, and a bromodomain.

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gi 281360563  342 CRVChRLGD----LLCCETCPAVYHLECVDPPMNDVPTEDWQCGLC 383
Cdd:cd15629     2 CLVC-RKGDndeyLLLCDGCDRGCHMYCHRPKMLQVPEGDWFCPNC 46

PHD finger 1 found in nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing protein NSD1 and NSD2; NSD1, also termed H3 Lysine-36 and H4 Lysine-20 specific histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, or androgen receptor coactivator 267 kDa protein, or androgen receptor-associated protein of 267 kDa, or H3-K36-HMTase H4-K20-HMTase, or Lysine N-methyltransferase 3B (KMT3B), or NR-binding SET domain-containing protein, is a lysine methyltransferase that preferentially methylates H3 on Lysine36 (H3-K36) and H4 on Lysine20 (H4-K20), which is primarily associated with active transcription. It plays a role in several pathologies, including but not limited to Sotos and Weaver syndromes, acute myeloid leukemia, breast cancer, neuroblastoma, and glioblastoma formation. It can alter transcription by interacting with the protein NSD1-interacting zinc finger protein 1 (NIZP1). It also mitigates caspase-1 activation by listeriolysin o (LLO) in macrophages, and requires functional LLO for the regulation of IL-1beta secretion. Moreover, NSD1 regulates RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) recruitment to bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4). NSD2, also termed histone-lysine N-methyltransferase NSD2, or multiple myeloma SET domain-containing protein (MMSET), or protein trithorax-5 Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1 protein (WHSC1), is overexpressed frequently in the t(4;14) translocation in 15% to 20% of multiple myeloma. It plays important roles in cancer cell proliferation, survival, and tumor growth, by mediating constitutive NF-kappaB signaling via the cytokine autocrine loop. It also enhances androgen receptor (AR)-mediated transcription. The principal chromatin-regulatory activity of NSD2 is dimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 36 (H3K36me2). Both NSD1 and NSD2 contain a catalytic suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste and trithorax (SET) domain, two proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domains, five plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, and an NSD-specific Cys-His rich domain (Cys5HisCysHis). In addition, NSD2 harbors a high mobility group (HMG) box. The SET domain is responsible for histone methyltransferase activity. The PWWP, HMG, and PHD fingers mediate chromatin interaction and recognition of histone marks. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

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gi 281360563  342 CRVCHRLGDLLCCE-TCPAVYHLECVDppMNDVPTEDWQCGLCR 384
Cdd:cd15648     2 CQVCEKPGELLLCEgQCCGAFHLDCIG--LSEMPSGKFICDECI 43

ADDz domain found in ATRX (alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation, X-linked); ADDz_ATRX is a PHD-like zinc finger domain of ATRX, which belongs to the SNF2 family of chromatin remodeling proteins. ATRX is a large chromatin-associated nuclear protein with two domains, ADDz_ATRX at the N-terminus, followed by a C-terminal ATPase/helicase domain. The ADDz_ATRX domain recognizes a specific methylated histone, and this interaction is required for heterochromatin localization of the ATRX protein. Missense mutations in either of the two ATRX domains lead to the X-linked alpha-thalassemia and mental retardation syndrome; however the mutations in the ADDz_ATRX domain produce a more severe disease phenotype that may also relate to disturbing unknown functions or interaction sites of this domain. The ADDz domain is also present in chromatin-associated proteins cytosine-5-methyltransferase 3 (Dnmt3); it is a PHD-like zinc finger motif that contains two parts, a C2-C2 and a PHD-like zinc finger. PHD zinc finger domains have been identified in more than 40 proteins that are mainly involved in chromatin mediated transcriptional control; the classical PHD zinc finger has a C4-H-C3 motif that spans about 50-80 amino acids. In ADDz, the conserved histidine residue of the PHD finger is replaced by a cysteine, and an additional zinc finger C2-C2 like motif is located about twenty residues upstream of the C4-C-C3 motif.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 281360563  338 YDDHCRVCHRLGDLLCCETCPAVYHLECV---------DPPMNDvptEDWQCGLCRS 385
Cdd:cd11726    49 SDEYCRWCGQGGDLICCDFCPNVFCKKCIkrnlgraelSRIEES---DKWKCFVCDP 102