RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger proteins RNF113A, RNF113B, and similar proteins; RNF113A, also known as zinc finger protein 183 (ZNF183), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that physically interacts with the E2 protein, UBE2U. A nonsense mutation in RNF113A is associated with an X-linked trichothiodystrophy (TTD). Its yeast ortholog Cwc24p is predicted to have a spliceosome function and acts in a complex with Cef1p to participate in pre-U3 snoRNA splicing, indirectly affecting pre-rRNA processing. It is also important for the U2 snRNP binding to primary transcripts and co-migrates with spliceosomes. Moreover, the ortholog of RNF113A in fruit flies may also act as a spliceosome and is hypothesized to be involved in splicing, namely within the central nervous system. The ortholog in Caenorhabditis elegans is involved in DNA repair of inter-strand crosslinks. RNF113B, also known as zinc finger protein 183-like 1, shows high sequence similarity with RNF113A. Both RNF113A and RNF113B contain a CCCH-type zinc finger, which is commonly found in RNA-binding proteins involved in splicing, and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, which is frequently found in E3 ubiquitin ligases.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 328866353 245 EEDLPFACFICKKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESCALDHNAKSKKCFVCKQPTNGSF 297
Cdd:cd16539    1 EEDLPFACFICRKPFKNPVVTKCGHYFCEKCALKHYRKSKKCFVCGKQTNGVF 53

RING-type zinc-finger; This zinc-finger is a typical RING-type of plant ubiquitin ligases.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 328866353  252 CFICKKPFDNPVMTkCKHFFCESCALDHNAKSKKCFVC 289
Cdd:pfam13445   1 CPICLELFTDPVLP-CGHTFCRECLEEMSQKKGGKFKC 37

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger proteins RNF113A, RNF113B, and similar proteins; RNF113A, also known as zinc finger protein 183 (ZNF183), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that physically interacts with the E2 protein, UBE2U. A nonsense mutation in RNF113A is associated with an X-linked trichothiodystrophy (TTD). Its yeast ortholog Cwc24p is predicted to have a spliceosome function and acts in a complex with Cef1p to participate in pre-U3 snoRNA splicing, indirectly affecting pre-rRNA processing. It is also important for the U2 snRNP binding to primary transcripts and co-migrates with spliceosomes. Moreover, the ortholog of RNF113A in fruit flies may also act as a spliceosome and is hypothesized to be involved in splicing, namely within the central nervous system. The ortholog in Caenorhabditis elegans is involved in DNA repair of inter-strand crosslinks. RNF113B, also known as zinc finger protein 183-like 1, shows high sequence similarity with RNF113A. Both RNF113A and RNF113B contain a CCCH-type zinc finger, which is commonly found in RNA-binding proteins involved in splicing, and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, which is frequently found in E3 ubiquitin ligases.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 328866353 245 EEDLPFACFICKKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESCALDHNAKSKKCFVCKQPTNGSF 297
Cdd:cd16539    1 EEDLPFACFICRKPFKNPVVTKCGHYFCEKCALKHYRKSKKCFVCGKQTNGVF 53

second RING finger, HC subclass, found in the LON peptidase N-terminal domain and RING finger protein family; The LON peptidase N-terminal domain and RING finger protein family includes LONRF1 (also known as RING finger protein 191 or RNF191), LONRF2 (also known as RING finger protein 192, RNF192, or neuroblastoma apoptosis-related protease), LONRF3 (also known as RING finger protein 127 or RNF127), which are characterized by containing two C3HC4-type RING-HC fingers, four tetratricopeptide (TPR) repeats, and an ATP-dependent protease La (LON) substrate-binding domain at the C-terminus. Their biological functions remain unclear. This model corresponds to the second RING-HC finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 328866353 250 FACFICKKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESC---ALDHNaksKKCFVCKQP 292
Cdd:cd16514    2 LECSLCLRLLYEPVTTPCGHTFCRAClerCLDHS---PKCPLCRTS 44

DNA repair protein rad18; All proteins in this family for which functions are known are involved in nucleotide excision repair.This family is based on the phylogenomic analysis of JA Eisen (1999, Ph.D. Thesis, Stanford University). [DNA metabolism, DNA replication, recombination, and repair]

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 328866353  247 DLPFACFICKKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESCALDHNAKSKKCFVCKQPTNGSFLQPKRIIDKLMEKSK 312
Cdd:TIGR00599  24 DTSLRCHICKDFFDVPVLTSCSHTFCSLCIRRCLSNQPKCPLCRAEDQESKLRSNWLVSEIVESFK 89

RING-type zinc-finger; This zinc-finger is a typical RING-type of plant ubiquitin ligases.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 328866353  252 CFICKKPFDNPVMTkCKHFFCESCALDHNAKSKKCFVC 289
Cdd:pfam13445   1 CPICLELFTDPVLP-CGHTFCRECLEEMSQKKGGKFKC 37

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1 (AtBARD1) and similar proteins; AtBARD1, also called protein REPRESSOR OF WUSCHEL 1, binds specifically to H3K4me3 regions of target gene (e.g. WUS and WOX5) promoters to repress their transcription via chromatin remodeling. It is required for the shoot apical meristem (SAM) organization and maintenance, by confining WUS expression to the organizing center, and for the quiescent center (QC) development in the root apical meristem (RAM), by repressing WOX5 expression in the root proximal meristem. AtBARD1 plays a role in DNA repair and in cell-cycle control. It is required for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), both natural and induced by genotoxic stress, by homologous recombination (HR). AtBARD1 contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 328866353 247 DLPFACFICKKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESCALDHNAKSKKCFVCKQP 292
Cdd:cd23146    2 ELELKCPICLKLLNRPVLLPCDHIFCSSCITDSTKVGSDCPVCKLP 47

zinc-RING finger domain;

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 328866353  252 CFICKKPFDN---PVMTKCKHFFCESCaLDHNAKSKKCFVCKQ 291
Cdd:pfam14634   2 CNKCFKELSKtrpFYLTSCGHIFCEEC-LTRLLQERQCPICKK 43

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 151 (RNF151) and similar proteins; RNF151 is a testis-specific RING finger protein that interacts with dysbindin, a synaptic and microtubular protein that binds brain snapin, a SNARE-binding protein that mediates intracellular membrane fusion in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Thus, it may be involved in acrosome formation of spermatids by interacting with multiple proteins participating in membrane biogenesis and microtubule organization. RNF151 contains a C3HC4-type RING finger domain, a putative nuclear localization signal (NLS), and a TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF)-type zinc finger domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 328866353 247 DLPFACFICKKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESCALDHNAKSKKCFVCKQPTNG 295
Cdd:cd16547    1 DDDLICSICHGVLRCPVRLSCSHIFCKKCILQWLKRQETCPCCRKEVKG 49

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe DNA repair protein Rad8 (SpRad8) and similar proteins; SpRad8 is a conserved protein homologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA repair protein Rad5 and human helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF) that is required for error-free postreplication repair by contributing to polyubiquitylation of PCNA. SpRad8 contains a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger responsible for the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, a SNF2-family helicase domain including an ATP binding site, and a family-specific HIRAN domain (HIP116, Rad5p N-terminal domain) that contributes to nuclear localization.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 328866353 246 EDLPFACFIC-KKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESCALDH--NAKSKK----CFVCKQPTN 294
Cdd:cd16572    1 EDAENECPICaEEPISELALTRCWHSACKDCLLDHieFQKSKNevplCPTCRQPIN 56

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana RING membrane-anchor proteins (AtRMAs) and similar proteins; AtRMAs, including AtRma1, AtRma2, and AtRma3, are endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized Arabidopsis homologs of human outer membrane of the ER-anchor E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, RING finger protein 5 (RNF5). AtRMAs possess E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, and may play a role in the growth and development of Arabidopsis. The AtRMA1 and AtRMA3 genes are predominantly expressed in major tissues, such as cotyledons, leaves, shoot-root junction, roots, and anthers, while AtRMA2 expression is restricted to the root tips and leaf hydathodes. AtRma1 probably functions with the Ubc4/5 subfamily of E2. AtRma2 is likely involved in the cellular regulation of ABP1 expression levels through interacting with auxin binding protein 1 (ABP1). AtRMA proteins contain an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and a trans-membrane-anchoring domain in their extreme C-terminal region.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 328866353 250 FACFICKKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESCA---LDHNAKSKKCFVCK 290
Cdd:cd16745    1 FECNICLDLAQDPVVTLCGHLFCWPCLhkwLRRQSSQPECPVCK 44

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae radiation sensitivity protein 18 (RAD18) and similar proteins; RAD18, also called RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase RAD18, acts as a postreplication repair E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that associates with the E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBC2/RAD6 to form the UBC2-RAD18 ubiquitin ligase complex involved in postreplicative repair (PRR) of damaged DNA. The UBC2-RAD18 complex cooperates with RAD5 and the UBC13-MMS2 dimer to attach mono-ubiquitin chains on 'Lys-164' of POL30, which is necessary for PRR. The UBC2-RAD18 complex is also involved in prevention of spontaneous mutations caused by 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine. RAD18 is an E3 RING-finger protein belonging to the UBC2/RAD6 epistasis group. It contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 328866353 247 DLPFACFICKKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESCALDHNAKSKKCFVCKQPTNGSFL 298
Cdd:cd23148    1 DHALRCHICKDLLKAPMRTPCNHTFCSFCIRTHLNNDARCPLCKAEVTESGL 52

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 10 (RNF10) and similar proteins; RNF10 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with mesenchyme Homeobox 2 (MEOX2) transcription factor, a regulator of the proliferation, differentiation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes; it enhances Meox2 activation of the p21 promoter. It also regulates the expression of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) genes and is required for myelin production in Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system. Moreover, RNF10 regulates retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation and the cell cycle exit of P19 embryonic carcinoma cells. RNF10 contains a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and three putative nuclear localization signals.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 328866353 250 FACFICKKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESCALDH----NAKSKKCFVCKQPTNGSFLQ 299
Cdd:cd16536    1 PQCPICLEPPVAPRITRCGHIFCWPCILRYlslsEKKWRKCPICFESIHKKDLR 54

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC3D-type), found in ligand of Numb protein LNX1, LNX2, and similar proteins; The ligand of Numb protein X (LNX) family, also known as PDZ and RING (PDZRN) family, includes LNX1-5, which can interact with Numb, a key regulator of neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation. LNX5 (also known as PDZK4 or PDZRN4L) shows high sequence homology to LNX3 and LNX4, but it lacks the RING domain. LNX1-4 proteins function as E3 ubiquitin ligases and have a unique domain architecture consisting of an N-terminal RING-HC finger for E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and either two or four PDZ domains necessary for substrate-binding. LNX1/LNX2-like proteins contain a modified C3HC3D-type RING-HC finger and four PDZ domains. This model corresponds to the RING finger.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 328866353 250 FACFICKKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESCaLDHNAKSKKC 286
Cdd:cd16637    2 LTCHICLQPLVEPLDTPCGHTFCYKC-LTNYLKIQQC 37

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 146 (RNF146) and similar proteins; RNF146, also known as dactylidin, or iduna, is a cytoplasmic E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is responsible for PARylation-dependent ubiquitination (PARdU). It displays neuroprotective property due to its inhibition of Parthanatos, a PAR dependent cell death, via binding with Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). It also modulates PAR polymerase-1 (PARP-1)-mediated oxidative cell injury in cardiac myocytes. Moreover, RNF146 mediates tankyrase-dependent degradation of axin, thereby positively regulating Wnt signaling. It also facilitates DNA repair and protects against cell death induced by DNA damaging agents or gamma-irradiation by translocating to the nucleus after cellular injury and promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of various nuclear proteins involved in DNA damage repair. Furthermore, RNF146 is implicated in neurodegenerative disease and cancer development. It regulates the development and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by enhancing cell growth, invasion, and survival. RNF146 contains an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger followed by a WWE domain with a poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) binding motif at the tail.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 328866353 252 CFICKKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESCALDHNAKSKKCFVCKQPTNGSFL 298
Cdd:cd16546    3 CPICLQTCIHPVKLPCGHIFCYLCVKGVAWQSKRCALCRQEIPEDFL 49

RING finger, HC subclass, found in constitutive photomorphogenesis protein 1 (COP1) and similar proteins; COP1, also known as RING finger and WD repeat domain protein 2 (RFWD2) or RING finger protein 200 (RNF200), is a central regulator of photomorphogenic development in plants, which targets key transcription factors for proteasome-dependent degradation. It is localized predominantly in the nucleus, but may also be present in the cytosol. Mammalian COP1 functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with Jun transcription factors and modulates their transcriptional activity. It also interacts with and negatively regulates the tumor-suppressor protein p53. Moreover, COP1 associates with COP9 signalosome subunit 6 (CSN6), and is involved in 14-3-3sigma ubiquitin-mediated degradation. The CSN6-COP1 link enhances ubiquitin-mediated degradation of p27(Kip1), a critical CDK inhibitor involved in cell cycle regulation, to promote cancer cell growth. Furthermore, COP1 functions as the negative regulator of ETV1 and influences prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer. COP1 contains an N-terminal extension, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a coiled coil domain, and seven WD40 repeats. In human COP1, a classic leucine-rich NES, and a novel bipartite NLS is bridged by the RING-HC finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 328866353 250 FACFICKKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESCALDHNAKSKKCFVCKQP 292
Cdd:cd16504    3 FLCPICFDIIKEAFVTKCGHSFCYKCIVKHLEQKNRCPKCNFY 45

RING finger, HC subclass, found in BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1 (BARD-1) and similar proteins; BARD-1 is a critical factor in BRCA1-mediated tumor suppression and may also serve as a target for tumorigenic lesions in some human cancers. It associates with BRCA1 (breast cancer-1) to form a heterodimeric BRCA1/BARD1 complex that is responsible for maintaining genomic stability through nuclear functions involving DNA damage signaling and repair, transcriptional regulation, and cell cycle control. The BRCA1/BARD1 complex catalyzes autoubiquitination of BRCA1 and trans ubiquitination of other protein substrates. Its E3 ligase activity is dramatically reduced in the presence of UBX domain protein 1 (UBXN1). BARD-1 contains an C3HC4-type RING-HC finger that binds BRCA1 at its N-terminus and three tandem ankyrin repeats and tandem BRCT repeat domains at its C-terminus. The BRCT repeats bind CstF-50 (cleavage stimulation factor) to modulate mRNA processing and RNAP II stability in response to DNA damage.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 328866353 240 SDAIDEEDLPFACFICKKPFDNPVMT-KCKHFFCESCALDHNAKSkkCFVCKQPTNGSFLQPKR 302
Cdd:cd16496    6 RAALDELENLLRCSRCASILKEPVTLgGCEHVFCRSCVGDRLGNG--CPVCDTPAWARDLQINR 67

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger and transmembrane domain-containing protein RNFT1, RNFT2, and similar proteins; Both RNFT1 and RNFT2 are multi-pass membrane proteins containing a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. Their biological roles remain unclear.

                         10        20
                 ....*....|....*....|....*
gi 328866353 251 ACFICKKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESC 275
Cdd:cd16532    2 ICPICQDEFKDPVVLRCKHIFCEDC 26

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger and transmembrane domain-containing protein 2(RNFT2); RNFT2, also known as transmembrane protein 118 (TMEM118), is a multi-pass membrane protein containing a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. Its biological role remains unclear.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 328866353 252 CFICKKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESCALDHNAKSKKCFVCK 290
Cdd:cd16742   16 CAICQAEFREPLILICQHVFCEECLCLWFDRERTCPLCR 54

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein TRIM25 and similar proteins; TRIM25, also known as estrogen-responsive finger protein (EFP), RING finger protein 147 (RNF147), or RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase, is an E3 ubiquitin/ISG15 ligase that is induced by estrogen and is therefore particularly abundant in placenta and uterus. TRIM25 regulates various cellular processes through E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, transferring ubiquitin and ISG15 to target proteins. It mediates K63-linked polyubiquitination of retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) that is crucial for downstream antiviral interferon signaling. It is also required for melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS, also known as IPS-1, VISA, Cardiff) mediated activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and interferon production. Upon UV irradiation, TRIM25 interacts with mono-ubiquitinated PCNA and promotes its ISG15 modification (ISGylation), suggesting a crucial role in termination of error-prone translesion DNA synthesis. TRIM25 also functions as a novel regulator of p53 and Mdm2. It enhances p53 and Mdm2 abundance by inhibiting their ubiquitination and degradation in 26S proteasomes. Meanwhile, it inhibits p53's transcriptional activity and dampens the response to DNA damage, and is essential for medaka development and this dependence is rescued by silencing of p53. Moreover, TRIM25 is involved in the host cellular innate immune response against retroviral infection. It interferes with the late stage of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) replication. Furthermore, TRIM25 acts as an oncogene in gastric cancer. Its blockade by RNA interference inhibits migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells through transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling, suggesting it presents a novel target for the detection and treatment of gastric cancer. In addition, TRIM25 acts as an RNA-specific activator for Lin28a/TuT4-mediated uridylation. TRIM25 belongs to the C-IV subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 328866353 245 EEDLpfACFICKKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESC 275
Cdd:cd16597    3 EEEL--TCSICLELFKDPVTLPCGHNFCGVC 31

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 220 (RNF220) and similar proteins; RNF220 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that promotes the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of Sin3B, a scaffold protein of the Sin3/HDAC (histone deacetylase) corepressor complex. It can also bind E2 and mediate auto-ubiquitination of itself. Moreover, RNF220 specifically interacts with beta-catenin, and enhances canonical Wnt signaling through ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7)-mediated deubiquitination and stabilization of beta-catenin, which is independent of its E3 ligase activity. RNF220 contains a characteristic C3HC4-type RING-HC finger at its C-terminus.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 328866353 250 FACFICKKPFDNPVM-TKCKHFFCESCALDHNAKSKKCFVCKQPTNGSFLQ 299
Cdd:cd16563    1 YKCLICMDSYTMPLVsIQCWHVHCEECWLRTLGAKKLCPQCNTITSPADLR 51

RING finger, HC subclass, found in helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF) and similar proteins; HLTF, also known as DNA-binding protein/plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 regulator, HIP116, RING finger protein 80, SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A member 3, or sucrose nonfermenting protein 2-like 3, is a yeast RAD5 homolog found in mammals. It has both E3 ubiquitin ligase and DNA helicase activities, and plays a pivotal role in the template-switching pathway of DNA damage tolerance. It is involved in Lys-63-linked poly-ubiquitination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) at Lys-164 and in the regulation of DNA damage tolerance. It shows double-stranded DNA translocase activity with 3'-5' polarity, thereby facilitating regression of the replication fork. HLTF contains an N-terminal HIRAN (HIP116 and RAD5 N-terminal) domain, a SWI/SNF helicase domain that is divided into N- and C-terminal parts by an insertion of a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger involved in the poly-ubiquitination of PCNA.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 328866353 244 DEEdlpfaCFICKKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESCALDHNAKSK-KCFVCKQP 292
Cdd:cd16509    3 DEE-----CAICLDSLTNPVITPCAHVFCRRCICEVIQREKaKCPMCRAP 47

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae increased recombination centers protein 20 (IRC20) and similar proteins; IRC20 is an uncharacterized ATP-dependent helicase that is probably involved in a pathway contributing to genomic integrity. IRC20 contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 328866353 250 FACFICKKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESCALDHNAKSKKCFVCK 290
Cdd:cd23135    4 LSCSICFSEIRSGAILKCGHFFCLSCIASWLREKSTCPLCK 44

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger and transmembrane domain-containing protein 1 (RNFT1); RNFT1, also known as protein PTD016, is a multi-pass membrane protein containing a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. Its biological role remains unclear.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 328866353 252 CFICKKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESCALDHNAKSKKCFVCK 290
Cdd:cd16741   17 CAICQAEFRKPILLICQHVFCEECISLWFNREKTCPLCR 55

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein RNF183, RNF223, RNF225 and similar proteins; RNF183 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is upregulated during intestinal inflammation and is negatively regulated by miR-7. It promotes intestinal inflammation by increasing the ubiquitination and degradation of inhibitor of kappa B, thereby resulting in secondary activation of the Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB) pathway. The interaction between RNF183-mediated ubiquitination and miRNA may be an important novel epigenetic mechanism in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The biological function of RNF223 and RNF225 remains unclear. Members of this family contain an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 328866353 252 CFICKKPFDN----PVMTKCKHFFCESC------ALDHNAKSKKCFVCKQPT 293
Cdd:cd16556    3 CSICFSSYDNtfktPKLLDCGHTFCLEClarlslASPPQAERVPCPLCRQPT 54

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC3D-type), found in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 7 (TRAF7) and similar proteins; TRAF7, also known as RING finger and WD repeat-containing protein 1 or RING finger protein 119 (RNF119), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in signal transduction pathways that lead either to activation or repression of NF-kappaB transcription factor by promoting K29-linked ubiquitination of several cellular targets, including the NF-kappaB essential modulator (NEMO) and the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB transcription factor. It is also involved in K29-linked polyubiquitination that has been implicated in lysosomal degradation of proteins. Moreover, TRAF7 is required for K48-linked ubiquitination of p53, a key tumor suppressor and a master regulator of various signaling pathways, such as those related to apoptosis, cell cycle and DNA repair. It is also required for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-induced Jun N-terminal kinase activation and promotes cell death by regulating polyubiquitination and lysosomal degradation of c-FLIP protein. Furthermore, TRAF7 functions as small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase involved in other post-translational modification, such as sumoylation. It binds to and stimulates sumoylation of the proto-oncogene product c-Myb, a transcription factor regulating proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. It potentiates MEKK3-induced AP1 and CHOP activation and induces apoptosis. Meanwhile, TRAF7 mediates MyoD1 regulation of the pathway and cell-cycle progression in myoblasts. It also plays a role in Toll-like receptors (TLR) signaling. TRAF7 contains an N-terminal domain with a modified C3HC3D-type RING-HC finger and an adjacent zinc finger, and a unique C-terminal domain that comprises a coiled coil domain and seven WD40 repeats.

                         10        20
                 ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 328866353 252 CFICKKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESCALD 278
Cdd:cd16644    8 CPLCQRVFKDPVITSCGHTFCRRCALT 34

RING finger, HC subclass, found in recombination activating gene-1 (RAG-1) and similar proteins; RAG-1, also known as V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1, RING finger protein 74 (RNF74), or endonuclease RAG1, is the catalytic component of the RAG complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates the DNA cleavage phase during V(D)J recombination. RAG1 is a lymphoid-specific factor that mediates DNA-binding to conserved recombination signal sequences (RSS) and catalyzes DNA cleavage activities by introducing a double-strand break between the RSS and the adjacent coding segment. It also functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates monoubiquitination of histone H3, which is required for the joining step of V(D)J recombination. RAG-1 contains an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger that mediates monoubiquitylation of histone H3, an adjacent C2H2-type zinc finger, and a nonamer binding (NBD) DNA-binding domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 328866353 251 ACFICKKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESCALDH-NAKSKKCFVCKQP 292
Cdd:cd16530    4 SCQVCEHILADPVQTPCKHLFCRTCILKClKVMGSYCPSCRYP 46

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 125 (RNF125); RNF125, also known as T-cell RING activation protein 1 (TRAC-1), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is predominantly expressed in lymphoid cells, and functions as a positive regulator of T cell activation. It also down-modulates HIV replication and inhibits pathogen-induced cytokine production. It negatively regulates type I interferon signaling, which conjugates Lys(48)-linked ubiquitination to retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) and subsequently leads to the proteasome-dependent degradation of RIG-I. Further, RNF125 conjugates ubiquitin to melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), a family protein of RIG-I. It thus acts as a negative regulator of RIG-I signaling, and is a direct target of miR-15b in the context of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection. Moreover, RNF125 binds to and ubiquitinates JAK1, prompting its degradation and inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) expression. It also negatively regulates p53 function through physical interaction and ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation. Mutations in RNF125 may lead to overgrowth syndromes (OGS). RNF125, together with three closely related proteins: RNF114, RNF138 and RNF166, forms a novel family of ubiquitin ligases with a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a C2HC-, and two C2H2-type zinc fingers, as well as a ubiquitin interacting motif (UIM). The UIM of RNF125 binds K48-linked poly-ubiquitin chains and is, together with the RING domain, required for auto-ubiquitination.

                         10        20
                 ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 328866353 250 FACFICKKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESC 275
Cdd:cd16542    2 FDCAVCLEVLHQPVRTRCGHVFCRPC 27

RING finger, H2 subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana RING-H2 zinc finger protein RHF2A and similar proteins; RHF2A is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the positive regulation of the gametogenesis progression. It is required for the degradation of KRP6, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor which accumulates during meiosis and blocks the progression of subsequent mitoses during gametophytes development. It functions in association with RHF1A. Members of this subfamily contain a C3H2C3-type RING-H2 finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 328866353 251 ACFICKKPF---DNPVMTKCKHFFCESCALDHNAKSKKCFVCKQP 292
Cdd:cd23122   13 ACSICLESFceaDPATVTSCKHEYHLQCILEWSQRSKECPMCWQA 57

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 69 (TRIM69) and similar proteins; TRIM69, also known as RFP-like domain-containing protein trimless or RING finger protein 36 (RNF36), is a testis E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays a specific role in apoptosis and may also play an important role in germ cell homeostasis during spermatogenesis. TRIM69 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 328866353 246 EDLpfACFICKKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESCA---LDHNAKSKKCFVCKQ 291
Cdd:cd16611    3 EEL--HCPLCLDFFRDPVMLSCGHNFCQSCItgfWELQAEDTTCPECRE 49

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing proteins TRIM9, TRIM67, and similar proteins; Tripartite motif-containing proteins TRIM9 and TRIM67 belong to the C-I subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, consisting of three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a COS (carboxyl-terminal subgroup one signature) box, a fibronectin type III (FN3) domain, and a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. TRIM9 (the human ortholog of rat Spring), also known as RING finger protein 91 (RNF91), is a brain-specific E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase collaborating with an E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBCH5b. TRIM9 plays an important role in the regulation of neuronal functions and participates in neurodegenerative disorders through its ligase activity. TRIM67, also known as TRIM9-like protein (TNL), is a protein selectively expressed in the cerebellum. It interacts with PRG-1, an important molecule in the control of hippocampal excitability dependent on presynaptic LPA2 receptor signaling, and 80K-H, also known as glucosidase II beta, a protein kinase C substrate.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 328866353 245 EEDLpfACFICKKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESCALD 278
Cdd:cd16576    1 EEEL--KCPVCGSLFTEPVILPCSHNLCLGCALN 32

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 39 (TRIM39) and similar proteins; TRIM39, also known as RING finger protein 23 (RNF23) or testis-abundant finger protein, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays a role in controlling DNA damage-induced apoptosis through inhibition of the anaphase promoting complex (APC/C), a multiprotein ubiquitin ligase that controls multiple cell cycle regulators, including cyclins, geminin, and others. TRIM39 also functions as a regulator of several key processes in the proliferative cycle. It directly regulates p53 stability. It modulates cell cycle progression and DNA damage responses via stabilizing p21. Moreover, TRIM39 negatively regulates the nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB)-mediated signaling pathway through stabilization of Cactin, an inhibitor of NFkappaB- and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated transcription, which is induced by inflammatory stimulants such as tumor necrosis factor alpha. Furthermore, TRIM39 is a MOAP-1-binding protein that can promote apoptosis signaling through stabilization of MOAP-1 via the inhibition of its poly-ubiquitination process. TRIM39 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 328866353 250 FACFICKKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESCALDHNAKSKKCFVCKQ 291
Cdd:cd16601    2 ASCSLCKEYLKDPVIIECGHNFCRACITRFWEELDGDFPCPQ 43

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Polycomb Group RING finger homologs (PCGF1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6), and similar proteins; This subfamily includes six Polycomb Group (PcG) RING finger homologs (PCGF1/NSPc1, PCGF2/Mel-18, PCGF3, PCGF4/BMI1, PCGF5, and PCGF6/MBLR) that use epigenetic mechanisms to maintain or repress expression of their target genes. They were first discovered in fruit flies and are well known for silencing Hox genes through modulation of chromatin structure during embryonic development. PCGF homologs play important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and tumorigenesis. They all have been found to associate with ring finger protein 2 (RNF2). The RNF2-PCGF heterodimer is catalytically competent as an E3 ubiquitin transferase and is the scaffold for the assembly of additional components. Moreover, PCGF homologs are critical components in the assembly of distinct Polycomb Repression Complex 1 (PRC1) related complexes which is involved in the maintenance of gene repression and which target different genes through distinct mechanisms. The Drosophila PRC1 core complex is formed by the Polycomb (Pc), Polyhomeotic (Ph), Posterior sex combs (Psc), and Sex combs extra (Sce, also known as Ring) subunits. In mammals, the composition of PRC1 is much more diverse and varies depending on the cellular context. All PRC1 complexes contain homologs of the Drosophila Ring protein. Ring1A/RNF1 and Ring1B/RNF2 are E3 ubiquitin ligases that mark lysine 119 of histone H2A with a single ubiquitin group (H2AK119ub). Mammalian homologs of the Drosophila Psc protein, such as PCGF2/Mel-18 or PCGF4/BMI1, regulate PRC1 enzymatic activity. PRC1 complexes can be divided into at least two classes according to the presence or absence of CBX proteins, which are homologs of Drosophila Pc. Canonical PRC1 complexes contain CBX proteins that recognize and bind H3K27me3, the mark deposited by PRC2. Therefore, canonical PRC1 complexes and PRC2 can act together to repress gene transcription and maintain this repression through cell division. Non-canonical PRC1 complexes, containing RYBP (together with additional proteins, such as L3mbtl2 or Kdm2b) rather than the CBX proteins have recently been described in mammals. PCGF homologs contain a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 328866353 250 FACFICKKPFDNPV-MTKCKHFFCESCALDHNAKSKKCFVC 289
Cdd:cd16525    1 LTCSLCKGYLIDATtITECLHSFCKSCIVRHLETSKNCPVC 41

Zinc finger C-x8-C-x5-C-x3-H type (and similar);

                          10        20
                  ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 328866353  172 YQPSVCKDYKDTGQCSFGDACIYLHDR 198
Cdd:pfam00642   1 YKTELCRFFLRTGYCKYGDRCKFAHGQ 27

RING finger, HC subclass, found in ligand of Numb protein LNX3, LNX4, and similar proteins; The ligand of Numb protein X (LNX) family, also known as PDZ and RING (PDZRN) family, includes LNX1-5, which can interact with Numb, a key regulator of neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation. LNX5 (also known as PDZK4, or PDZRN4L) shows high sequence homology to LNX3 and LNX4, but it lacks the RING domain. LNX1-4 proteins function as E3 ubiquitin ligases and have a unique domain architecture consisting of an N-terminal RING-HC finger for E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and either two or four PDZ domains necessary for the substrate-binding. This family corresponds to LNX3/LNX4-like proteins, which contains a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and two PDZ domains.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 328866353 250 FACFICKKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESCALDHNAKSKKC 286
Cdd:cd16512    1 LKCKLCLGVLEEPLATPCGHVFCAGCVLPWVVRNGSC 37

RING finger, HC subclass, found in yeast Bre1 and its homologs from eukaryotes; Bre1 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that catalyzes monoubiquitination of histone H2B in concert with the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, Rad6. The Rad6-Bre1-mediated histone H2B ubiquitylation modulates the formation of double-strand breaks (DSBs) during meiosis in yeast. it is also required, indirectly, for the methylation of histone 3 on lysine 4 (H3K4) and 79. RNF20, also known as BRE1A and RNF40, also known as BRE1B, are the mammalian homologs of Bre1. They work together to form a heterodimeric Bre1 complex that facilitate the K120 monoubiquitination of histone H2B (H2Bub1), a DNA damage-induced histone modification that is crucial for recruitment of the chromatin remodeler SNF2h to DNA double-strand break (DSB) damage sites. Moreover, the Bre1 complex acts as a tumor suppressor, augmenting expression of select tumor suppressor genes and suppressing select oncogenes. Deficiency in the mammalian histone H2B ubiquitin ligase Bre1 leads to replication stress and chromosomal instability. All subfamily members contain a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger at its C-terminus.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 328866353 252 CFICKKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESCaLDHN--AKSKKCFVCKQP 292
Cdd:cd16499    9 CSVCNDRFKDVIITKCGHVFCNEC-VQKRleTRQRKCPGCGKA 50

zinc finger;

                           10        20
                   ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 328866353   171 DYQPSVCKDYKdTGQCSFGDACIYLHDR 198
Cdd:smart00356   1 KYKTELCKFFK-RGYCPRGDRCKFAHPL 27

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing proteins, TRIM7, TRIM11 and TRIM27, and similar proteins; TRIM7, TRIM11 and TRIM27, closely related tripartite motif-containing proteins, belong to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a SPRY/B30.2 domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. TRIM7, also known as glycogenin-interacting protein (GNIP) or RING finger protein 90 (RNF90), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates c-Jun/AP-1 activation by Ras signalling. Its phosphorylation and activation by MSK1 in response to direct activation by the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway can stimulate TRIM7 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in mediating Lys63-linked ubiquitination of the AP-1 coactivator RACO-1, leading to RACO-1 protein stabilization. Moreover, TRIM7 binds and activates glycogenin, the self-glucosylating initiator of glycogen biosynthesis. TRIM11, also known as protein BIA1, or RING finger protein 92 (RNF92), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the development of the central nervous system. It is overexpressed in high-grade gliomas and promotes proliferation, invasion, migration and glial tumor growth. TRIM11 acts as a potential therapeutic target for congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) by mediating the degradation of CCHS-associated polyalanine-expanded Phox2b. TRIM11 modulates the function of neurogenic transcription factor Pax6 through the ubiquitin-proteosome system, and thus plays an essential role for Pax6-dependent neurogenesis. It also binds to and destabilizes a key component of the activator-mediated cofactor complex (ARC105), humanin, a neuroprotective peptide against Alzheimer's disease-relevant insults, and further regulates ARC105 function in transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling. Moreover, TRIM11 negatively regulates retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-mediated interferon-beta (IFNbeta) production and antiviral activity by targeting TANK-binding kinase-1 (TBK1). It may contribute to the endogenous restriction of retroviruses in cells. It enhances N-tropic murine leukemia virus (N-MLV) entry by interfering with Ref1 restriction. It also suppresses the early steps of human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 transduction, resulting in decreased reverse transcripts. TRIM27, also known as RING finger protein 76 (RNF76), RET finger protein (RFP), or zinc finger protein RFP, is a nuclear E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is highly expressed in testis and in various tumor cell lines. Expression of TRIM27 is associated with prognosis of colon and endometrial cancers. TRIM27 was first identified as a fusion partner of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase. It functions as a transcriptional repressor and associates with several proteins involved in transcriptional activity, such as enhancer of polycomb 1 (Epc1), a member of the Polycomb group proteins, and Mi-2beta, a main component of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex, and the cell cycle regulator retinoblastoma protein (RB1). It also interacts with HDAC1, leading to downregulation of thioredoxin binding protein 2 (TBP-2), which inhibits the function of thioredoxin. Moreover, TRIM27 mediates Pax7-induced ubiquitination of MyoD in skeletal muscle atrophy. In addition, it inhibits muscle differentiation by modulating serum response factor (SRF) and Epc1. TRIM27 promotes a non-canonical polyubiquitination of PTEN, a lipid phosphatase that catalyzes PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 (PIP3) to PtdIns(4,5)P2 (PIP2). It is an IKKepsilon-interacting protein that regulates IkappaB kinase (IKK) function and negatively regulates signaling involved in the antiviral response and inflammation. TRIM27 also forms a protein complex with MBD4 or MBD2 or MBD3, and thus plays an important role in the enhancement of transcriptional repression through MBD proteins in tumorigenesis, spermatogenesis, and embryogenesis. It is a component of an estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) regulatory complex that is involved in estrogen receptor-mediated transcription in MCF-7 cells.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 328866353 252 CFICKKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESCAL---DHNAKSKKCFVCKQPTNGSFLQPKR 302
Cdd:cd16594    8 CPICLDYFTDPVTLDCGHSFCRACIArcwEEPETSASCPQCRETCPQRNLRPNR 61

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 5 (RNF5) and similar proteins; RNF5, also known as protein G16 or Ram1, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase anchored to the outer membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It acts at early stages of cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) biosynthesis and functions as a target for therapeutic modalities to antagonize mutant CFTR proteins in CF patients carrying the F508del allele. It also regulates the turnover of specific G protein-coupled receptors by ubiquitinating JNK-associated membrane protein (JAMP) and preventing proteasome recruitment. RNF5 limits basal levels of autophagy and influences susceptibility to bacterial infection through the regulation of ATG4B stability. It is also involved in the degradation of Pendrin, a transmembrane chloride/anion exchanger highly expressed in thyroid, kidney, and inner ear. RNF5 plays an important role in cell adhesion and migration. It can modulate cell migration by ubiquitinating paxillin. Furthermore, RNF5 interacts with virus-induced signaling adaptor (VISA) at mitochondria in a viral infection-dependent manner, and further targets VISA at K362 and K461 for K48-linked ubiquitination and degradation after viral infection. It also negatively regulates virus-triggered signaling by targeting MITA, also known as STING, for ubiquitination and degradation at the mitochondria. In addition, RNF5 determines breast cancer response to ER stress-inducing chemotherapies through the regulation of the L-glutamine carrier proteins SLC1A5 and SLC38A2 (SLC1A5/38A2). It also has been implicated in muscle organization and in recognition and processing of misfolded proteins. RNF5 contains a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 328866353 250 FACFICKKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESCA---LDHNAKSKKCFVCK 290
Cdd:cd16743    1 FECNICLETARDAVVSLCGHLFCWPCLhqwLETRPERQECPVCK 44

RING finger, HC subclass, found in E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Deltex3 (DTX3), Deltex-3-like (DTX3L) and similar proteins; This subfamily contains Deltex3 (DTX3) and Deltex-3-like (DTX3L), both of which are E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases belonging to the Deltex (DTX) family. DTX3, also known as RING finger protein 154 (RNF154), has a biological function that remains unclear. DTX3L, also known as B-lymphoma- and BAL-associated protein (BBAP) or Rhysin-2 (Rhysin2), regulates endosomal sorting of the G protein-coupled receptor CXCR4 from endosomes to lysosomes. It also regulates subcellular localization of its partner protein, B aggressive lymphoma (BAL), by a dynamic nucleocytoplasmic trafficking mechanism. In contrast to other DTXs, both DTX3 and DTX3L contain a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, and a previously unidentified C-terminal domain. DTX3L can associate with DTX1 through its unique N termini and further enhance self-ubiquitination.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 328866353 251 ACFICKKPFDNP-VMTKCKHFFCESCaLDHNAKSKK-CFVCK 290
Cdd:cd16506    2 TCPICLDEIQNKkTLEKCKHSFCEDC-IDRALQVKPvCPVCG 42

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 26 (TRIM26) and similar proteins; TRIM26, also known as acid finger protein (AFP), RING finger protein 95 (RNF95), or zinc finger protein 173 (ZNF173), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that negatively regulates interferon-beta production and antiviral response through polyubiquitination and degradation of nuclear transcription factor IRF3. It functions as an important regulator for RNA virus-triggered innate immune response by bridging TBK1 to NEMO (NF-kappaB essential modulator, also known as IKKgamma) and mediating TBK1 activation. It also acts as a novel tumor suppressor of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating cancer cell proliferation, colony forming ability, migration, and invasion. TRIM26 belongs the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a B-box, and two coiled coil domains, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 328866353 252 CFICKKPFDNPVMTKCKHFFCESCALDHNAKSKK-----CFVCKQPTNGSFLQPKR 302
Cdd:cd16598    7 CSICLDYLRDPVTIDCGHNFCRSCITDYCPISGGherpvCPLCRKPFKKENIRPNW 62

RING finger, HC subclass, found in postreplication repair protein RAD18 and similar proteins; RAD18, also known as HR18 or RING finger protein 73 (RNF73), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in post replication repair of UV-damaged DNA via its recruitment to stalled replication forks. It associates to the E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBE2B to form the UBE2B-RAD18 ubiquitin ligase complex involved in mono-ubiquitination of DNA-associated PCNA on K164. It also interacts with another E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme RAD6 to form a complex that monoubiquitinates proliferating cell nuclear antigen at stalled replication forks in DNA translesion synthesis. Moreover, Rad18 is a key factor in double-strand break DNA damage response (DDR) pathways via its association with K63-linked polyubiquitylated chromatin proteins. It can function as a mediator for DNA damage response signals to activate the G2/M checkpoint in order to maintain genome integrity and cell survival after ionizing radiation (IR) exposure. RAD18 contains a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a ubiquitin-binding zinc finger domain (UBZ), a SAP (SAF-A/B, Acinus and PIAS) domain, and a RAD6-binding domain (R6BD).

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 328866353 252 CFICKKPFDNPVM-TKCKHFFCESCALDHNAKSKKCFVCKQPTNGSFL 298
Cdd:cd16529    7 CPICFEYFNTAMMiTQCSHNYCSLCIRRFLSYKTQCPTCRAAVTESDL 54