Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domain superfamily; The RGS domain is an essential part of the Regulator of G-protein Signaling (RGS) protein family, a diverse group of multifunctional proteins that regulate cellular signaling events downstream of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). RGS proteins play critical regulatory roles as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) of the heterotrimeric G-protein G-alpha-subunits. While inactive, G-alpha-subunits bind GDP, which is released and replaced by GTP upon agonist activation. GTP binding leads to dissociation of the alpha-subunit and the beta-gamma-dimer, allowing them to interact with effectors molecules and propagate signaling cascades associated with cellular growth, survival, migration, and invasion. Deactivation of the G-protein signaling controlled by the RGS domain accelerates GTPase activity of the alpha subunit by hydrolysis of GTP to GDP, which results in the reassociation of the alpha-subunit with the beta-gamma-dimer and thereby inhibition of downstream activity. As a major G-protein regulator, RGS domain containing proteins are involved in many crucial cellular processes such as regulation of intracellular trafficking, glial differentiation, embryonic axis formation, skeletal and muscle development, and cell migration during early embryogenesis. RGS proteins are also involved in apoptosis and cell proliferation, as well as modulation of cardiac development. Several RGS proteins can fine-tune immune responses, while others play important roles in neuronal signals modulation. Some RGS proteins are principal elements needed for proper vision.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 190587047 114 AAFLRYLIANEKPNALLFLLMSEAYrqKPGKVKDKKRWLYEISTAFLVPTAPLEI-SVEPQIIYNIVNVIQNESIRDDQV 192
Cdd:cd08756    8 AVFLNYLLSNSDPSSLFFYLITDLY--KSGNIKDMRKWAYEIFSTFLVPNAPLLWpNIDESLIQEIDKILQNEQDDEEIL 85

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 190587047 193 fSNIFLAAREPAKSVVMEKFTEYKKTR 219
Cdd:cd08756   86 -RRVFLKAREKARDEINDQLADFRQKR 111

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) superfamily; The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains. It contains the motif HX12CX2CXnCX2CX4HX2CX7C, where C and H are cysteine and histidine, respectively; X represents other residues; and n is either 13 or 14. C1 has a globular fold with two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites. It was originally discovered as lipid-binding modules in protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. C1 domains that bind and respond to phorbol esters (PE) and diacylglycerol (DAG) are referred to as typical, and those that do not respond to PE and DAG are deemed atypical. A C1 domain may also be referred to as PKC or non-PKC C1, based on the parent protein's activity. Most C1 domain-containing non-PKC proteins act as lipid kinases and scaffolds, except PKD which acts as a protein kinase. PKC C1 domains play roles in membrane translocation and activation of the enzyme.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 190587047 300 GHRFQPQAFTTIKYCGQCNRVIWGIGKNAYHCQACGFNVHiSACAKSLLYSCQG 353
Cdd:cd20832    1 GHQFVLQHYYQVTFCNHCSGLLWGIGYQGYQCSDCEFNIH-KQCIEVIEESCPG 53

RhoGEF domain; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho/Rac/Cdc42-like GTPases Also called Dbl-homologous (DH) domain. It appears that pfam00169 domains invariably occur C-terminal to RhoGEF/DH domains.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 190587047  492 VILELIHTEKLHLKSLKVLRKLFYKPFIRSRLFDMNFIYELFPNLLDLIKIHKSIIaaMEKRQAESEIVESIGDVIINKF 571
Cdd:pfam00621   1 VIKELLQTERSYVRDLEILVEVFLPPNSKPLSESEEEIKTIFSNIEEIYELHRQLL--LEELLKEWISIQRIGDIFLKFA 78

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 190587047  572 SGKPGYElkeAYVvcySNQSLTLAIFKEKL-KDSKIEKFIRECESHPLCKHTSFQDLISSGCRRLMRYPLLLDQIAKYTQ 650
Cdd:pfam00621  79 PGFKVYS---TYC---SNYPKALKLLKKLLkKNPKFRAFLEELEANPECRGLDLNSFLIKPVQRIPRYPLLLKELLKHTP 152

                         170       180
                  ....*....|....*....|....
gi 190587047  651 VDDPDFEGVVKALGCSKEVSMFVN 674
Cdd:pfam00621 153 PDHPDYEDLKKALEAIKEVAKQIN 176

Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domain found in the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RhoGEF) protein; The RGS domain found in the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RhoGEF) protein subfamily of the RGS domain containing protein family, which is a diverse group of multifunctional proteins that regulate cellular signaling events downstream of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The RhoGEFs are peripheral membrane proteins that regulate essential cellular processes, including cell shape, cell migration and cell cycle progression as well as gene transcription by linking signals from heterotrimeric G-alpha12/13 protein-coupled receptors to Rho GTPase activation, leading to various cellular responses, such as actin reorganization and gene expression. The RhoGEF subfamily includes the leukemia-associated RhoGEF protein (LARG), p115RhoGEF, PDZ-RhoGEF, and its rat specific splice variant GTRAP48. The RGS domain of RhoGEFs has very little sequence similarity with the canonical RGS domain of the RGS proteins and is often refered to as RH (RGS Homology) domain. RGS proteins play critical regulatory role as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) of the heterotrimeric G-protein G-alpha-subunits. RGS proteins play critical regulatory role as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) of the heterotrimeric G-protein G-alpha-subunits. RGS proteins regulate many aspects of embryonic development such as glial differentiation, embryonic axis formation, skeletal and muscle development, cell migration during early embryogenesis, as well as apoptosis, cell proliferation, and modulation of cardiac development.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 190587047 114 AAFLRYLIANEKPNALLFLLMSEAYrqKPGKVKDKKRWLYEISTAFLVPTAPLEI-SVEPQIIYNIVNVIQNESIRDDQV 192
Cdd:cd08756    8 AVFLNYLLSNSDPSSLFFYLITDLY--KSGNIKDMRKWAYEIFSTFLVPNAPLLWpNIDESLIQEIDKILQNEQDDEEIL 85

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 190587047 193 fSNIFLAAREPAKSVVMEKFTEYKKTR 219
Cdd:cd08756   86 -RRVFLKAREKARDEINDQLADFRQKR 111

RhoGEF, Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho/Rac/Cdc42-like GTPases [Signal transduction mechanisms];

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 190587047  464 EVPDWETVVSKEMAELIinNDLETKRQKVILELIHTEKLHLKSLKVLRKLFYKPFIRSRLF----DMNFIYELFPNLLDL 539
Cdd:COG5422   462 EKNLWTLSVPKEVWESL--PKQEIKRQEAIYEVIYTERDFVKDLEYLRDTWIKPLEESNIIpenaRRNFIKHVFANINEI 539

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 190587047  540 IKIHKSIIAAMEKRQAESEIVESIGDVIINKFsgkPGYELKEAYVVcySNQSLTLAIFKEKLKDSKIEKFIRECESHPLC 619
Cdd:COG5422   540 YAVNSKLLKALTNRQCLSPIVNGIADIFLDYV---PKFEPFIKYGA--SQPYAKYEFEREKSVNPNFARFDHEVERLDES 614

                         170       180       190       200       210       220
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 190587047  620 KHTSFQDLISSGCRRLMRYPLLLDQIAKYTQVDDPDFEGVVKALGCSKEVSMFVNSGIREAEN 682
Cdd:COG5422   615 RKLELDGYLTKPTTRLARYPLLLEEVLKFTDPDNPDTEDIPKVIDMLREFLSRLNFESGKAEN 677

Domain present in PSD-95, Dlg, and ZO-1/2; Also called DHR (Dlg homologous region) or GLGF (relatively well conserved tetrapeptide in these domains). Some PDZs have been shown to bind C-terminal polypeptides; others appear to bind internal (non-C-terminal) polypeptides. Different PDZs possess different binding specificities.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 190587047    16 RQKIIVVCRDKNNkYGVSITG----HNPVSIKAVRKGCPADIAGLKAGDMIIKVDGKLVIAASHETVTDMMKAA-NQVTL 90
Cdd:smart00228   1 EPRLVELEKGGGG-LGFSLVGgkdeGGGVVVSSVVPGSPAAKAGLRVGDVILEVNGTSVEGLTHLEAVDLLKKAgGKVTL 79

                   ..
gi 190587047    91 TL 92
Cdd:smart00228  80 TV 81

Phorbol esters/diacylglycerol binding domain (C1 domain); This domain is also known as the Protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1) domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 190587047  301 HRFQPQAFTTIKYCGQCNRVIWGIGKNAYHCQACGFNVHISaCAKSLLYSCQGS 354
Cdd:pfam00130   1 HHFVHRNFKQPTFCDHCGEFLWGLGKQGLKCSWCKLNVHKR-CHEKVPPECGCD 53

PDZ domain; PDZ domains are found in diverse signaling proteins.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 190587047   20 IVVCRDKNNKYGVSITG-----HNPVSIKAVRKGCPADIAGLKAGDMIIKVDGKLVIAASHETVTDMMKAANQ-VTLTLA 93
Cdd:pfam00595   2 VTLEKDGRGGLGFSLKGgsdqgDPGIFVSEVLPGGAAEAGGLKVGDRILSINGQDVENMTHEEAVLALKGSGGkVTLTIL 81

periplasmic serine protease, Do/DeqQ family; This family consists of a set proteins various designated DegP, heat shock protein HtrA, and protease DO. The ortholog in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is designated MucD and is found in an operon that controls mucoid phenotype. This family also includes the DegQ (HhoA) paralog in E. coli which can rescue a DegP mutant, but not the smaller DegS paralog, which cannot. Members of this family are located in the periplasm and have separable functions as both protease and chaperone. Members have a trypsin domain and two copies of a PDZ domain. This protein protects bacteria from thermal and other stresses and may be important for the survival of bacterial pathogens.// The chaperone function is dominant at low temperatures, whereas the proteolytic activity is turned on at elevated temperatures. [Protein fate, Protein folding and stabilization, Protein fate, Degradation of proteins, peptides, and glycopeptides]

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 190587047   42 IKAVRKGCPADIAGLKAGDMIIKVDGKLVIAASH--ETVTDmMKAANQVTLTLaERDDTTID 101
Cdd:TIGR02037 261 VAQVLPGSPAEKAGLKAGDVITSVNGKPISSFADlrRAIGT-LKPGKKVTLGI-LRKGKEKT 320

RhoGEF domain; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho/Rac/Cdc42-like GTPases Also called Dbl-homologous (DH) domain. It appears that pfam00169 domains invariably occur C-terminal to RhoGEF/DH domains.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 190587047  492 VILELIHTEKLHLKSLKVLRKLFYKPFIRSRLFDMNFIYELFPNLLDLIKIHKSIIaaMEKRQAESEIVESIGDVIINKF 571
Cdd:pfam00621   1 VIKELLQTERSYVRDLEILVEVFLPPNSKPLSESEEEIKTIFSNIEEIYELHRQLL--LEELLKEWISIQRIGDIFLKFA 78

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 190587047  572 SGKPGYElkeAYVvcySNQSLTLAIFKEKL-KDSKIEKFIRECESHPLCKHTSFQDLISSGCRRLMRYPLLLDQIAKYTQ 650
Cdd:pfam00621  79 PGFKVYS---TYC---SNYPKALKLLKKLLkKNPKFRAFLEELEANPECRGLDLNSFLIKPVQRIPRYPLLLKELLKHTP 152

                         170       180
                  ....*....|....*....|....
gi 190587047  651 VDDPDFEGVVKALGCSKEVSMFVN 674
Cdd:pfam00621 153 PDHPDYEDLKKALEAIKEVAKQIN 176

Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domain found in the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RhoGEF) protein; The RGS domain found in the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RhoGEF) protein subfamily of the RGS domain containing protein family, which is a diverse group of multifunctional proteins that regulate cellular signaling events downstream of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The RhoGEFs are peripheral membrane proteins that regulate essential cellular processes, including cell shape, cell migration and cell cycle progression as well as gene transcription by linking signals from heterotrimeric G-alpha12/13 protein-coupled receptors to Rho GTPase activation, leading to various cellular responses, such as actin reorganization and gene expression. The RhoGEF subfamily includes the leukemia-associated RhoGEF protein (LARG), p115RhoGEF, PDZ-RhoGEF, and its rat specific splice variant GTRAP48. The RGS domain of RhoGEFs has very little sequence similarity with the canonical RGS domain of the RGS proteins and is often refered to as RH (RGS Homology) domain. RGS proteins play critical regulatory role as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) of the heterotrimeric G-protein G-alpha-subunits. RGS proteins play critical regulatory role as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) of the heterotrimeric G-protein G-alpha-subunits. RGS proteins regulate many aspects of embryonic development such as glial differentiation, embryonic axis formation, skeletal and muscle development, cell migration during early embryogenesis, as well as apoptosis, cell proliferation, and modulation of cardiac development.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 190587047 114 AAFLRYLIANEKPNALLFLLMSEAYrqKPGKVKDKKRWLYEISTAFLVPTAPLEI-SVEPQIIYNIVNVIQNESIRDDQV 192
Cdd:cd08756    8 AVFLNYLLSNSDPSSLFFYLITDLY--KSGNIKDMRKWAYEIFSTFLVPNAPLLWpNIDESLIQEIDKILQNEQDDEEIL 85

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 190587047 193 fSNIFLAAREPAKSVVMEKFTEYKKTR 219
Cdd:cd08756   86 -RRVFLKAREKARDEINDQLADFRQKR 111

Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domain found in the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RhoGEF) protein; The RGS domain found in the Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RhoGEF) protein subfamily of the RGS domain containing protein family, which is a diverse group of multifunctional proteins that regulate cellular signaling events downstream of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). RhoGEFs link signals from heterotrimeric G-alpha12/13 protein-coupled receptors to Rho GTPase activation, leading to various cellular responses, such as actin reorganization and gene expression. The RGS domain of the RhoGEFs has very little sequence similarity with the canonical RGS domain of the RGS proteins and therefore is often refered to as the RH (RGS Homology) domain. The RGS-GEFs subfamily includes the leukemia-associated RhoGEF (LARG), p115RhoGEF, and PDZ-RhoGEF. RGS proteins play critical regulatory role as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) of the heterotrimeric G-protein G-alpha-subunits. RGS proteins play critical regulatory role as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) of the heterotrimeric G-protein G-alpha-subunits. RGS proteins regulate many aspects of embryonic development such as glial differentiation, embryonic axis formation, skeletal and muscle development, cell migration during early embryogenesis, as well as apoptosis, cell proliferation, and modulation of cardiac development.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 190587047 114 AAFLRYLIANEKPNALLFLLMSEAYRQkpGKVKDKKRWLYEISTAFLVPTAPLEISVEPQIIYNIVNVIQNESIRDDQvf 193
Cdd:cd08736    8 AVFLHYVLSQFDPSPLLFYLITDLYKQ--GNPKDMRKWAYEIYSTFLEKNAPLKVKVPESLAAEIDKRLPNLIDEEDL-- 83

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 190587047 194 SNIFLAAREPAKSVVMEKFTEYKKTR 219
Cdd:cd08736   84 RRVFQEAQERAMPEIQEQLEDFRQKR 109

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in uncharacterized Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (ARHGEF)-like proteins; The family includes a group of uncharacterized proteins that show high sequence similarity to vertebrate Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors ARHGEF11 and ARHGEF12, which may play a role in the regulation of RhoA GTPase by guanine nucleotide-binding alpha-12 (GNA12) and alpha-13 (GNA13). Unlike typical ARHGEF11 and ARHGEF12, members of this family contain a C1 domain. This model corresponds to the C1 domain. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 190587047 300 GHRFQPQAFTTIKYCGQCNRVIWGIGKNAYHCQACGFNVHiSACAKSLLYSCQG 353
Cdd:cd20832    1 GHQFVLQHYYQVTFCNHCSGLLWGIGYQGYQCSDCEFNIH-KQCIEVIEESCPG 53

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) superfamily; The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains. It contains the motif HX12CX2CXnCX2CX4HX2CX7C, where C and H are cysteine and histidine, respectively; X represents other residues; and n is either 13 or 14. C1 has a globular fold with two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites. It was originally discovered as lipid-binding modules in protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms. C1 domains that bind and respond to phorbol esters (PE) and diacylglycerol (DAG) are referred to as typical, and those that do not respond to PE and DAG are deemed atypical. A C1 domain may also be referred to as PKC or non-PKC C1, based on the parent protein's activity. Most C1 domain-containing non-PKC proteins act as lipid kinases and scaffolds, except PKD which acts as a protein kinase. PKC C1 domains play roles in membrane translocation and activation of the enzyme.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 190587047 301 HRFQPQAFTTIKYCGQCNRVIWGIGKNAYHCQACGFNVHISaCAKSLLYSC 351
Cdd:cd00029    1 HRFVPTTFSSPTFCDVCGKLIWGLFKQGLKCSDCGLVCHKK-CLDKAPSPC 50

PDZ domain 2 of delphilin (L-delphilin isoform), and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain 2 of delphilin (also known as glutamate receptor, ionotropic, delta 2-interacting protein 1, L-delphilin). Delphilin, a postsynaptic protein which it is selectively expressed at cerebellar Purkinje cells, links the glutamate receptor delta 2 subunit (GluRdelta2) with the actin cytoskeleton and various signaling molecules. Two alternatively spliced isoforms of delphilin have been characterized: L-delphilin has two PDZ domains, PDZ1 and PDZ2, and S-delphilin has a single PDZ domain (PDZ2). These two isoforms are differently palmitoylated and may be involved in controlling GluRdelta2 signaling in Purkinje cells. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This delphilin-like family PDZ2 domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 190587047  19 IIVVCRdKNNKYGVSITGHNPVSIKAVRKGCPADIAGLKAGDMIIKVDGKLVIAASHETVTDMMKAA 85
Cdd:cd06744    1 TVRVYR-GNGSFGFTLRGHAPVYIESVDPGSAAERAGLKPGDRILFLNGLDVRNCSHDKVVSLLQGS 66

PDZ domain of regulator of G-protein signaling 12 (RGS12), and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of RGS12, and related domains. RGS12 downregulates GPCR signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G-protein alpha subunits, thereby driving G-proteins into their inactive GDP-bound form. The RGS12 PDZ domain can bind selectively to C-terminal (A/S)-T-X-(L/V) motifs as found within both the CXCR2 IL-8 receptor, and the alternative 3' exon form of RGS12. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This RGS12-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 190587047  18 KIIVVCRDKNNkYGVSITGHNPVSIKAVRKGCPADIAGLKAGDMIIKVDGKLVIAASHETV 78
Cdd:cd06710    1 RTVEIARGRAG-YGFTISGQAPCVLSCVVRGSPADVAGLKAGDQILAVNGINVSKASHEDV 60

PDZ domains of the Na+/H+ exchange regulatory cofactor (NHERF) family (NHERF1-4), and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of the Na+/H+ exchange regulatory cofactor (NHERF) family of multi-PDZ-domain-containing scaffolding proteins (NHERF1-4), and related domains. The NHERF family includes NHERF1 (also known as EBP50), NHERF2 (also known as E3KARP; TKA-1; SIP-1), NHERF3 (also known as CAP70; CLAMP; Napi-Cap-1; PDZD1) and NHERF4 (also known as IKEPP; PDZK2; Napi-Cap-2). NHERF1 and NHERF2 have tandem PDZ domains (PDZ1-2); NHERF3 and NHERF4 have four PDZ domains (PDZ1-4). NHERFs are involved in the regulation of multiple receptors or transporters, such as type II sodium-phosphate cotransporter (Npt2a), purinergic P2Y1 receptor P2Y1R, the beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2-AR), parathyroid hormone receptor type 1 (PTHR), the lysophosphatidic acid receptors (LPARs), sodium-hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3), and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). NHERF-PDZ1 domain interaction partners include Npt2a, purinergic P2Y1 receptor, beta2-AR, CFTR, PTHR, NH3, G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 6 (GRK6A), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), B1 subunit of the H+ATPase, cholesterol, receptor for activated C-kinase RACK1, aquaporin 9, among others. The NHERF PDZ2 domain interacts with fewer proteins: NHERF1 PDZ2 binds Npt2a, PTHR, beta-catenin, aquaporin 9, and RACK1; NHERF2 PDZ2 binds LPA2, P2Y1R, and NHE3, cGMP-dependent protein kinase type II (cGKII). NHERF4 PDZ1 and PDZ4 bind the epithelial Ca(2+) channels TRPV5 and TRPV6. NHERF2/NHERF3 heterodimerization is mediated by PDZ domains of NHERF2 and the C-terminal PDZ domain recognition motif of NHERF3. NHERF4 regulates several transporters mediating influx of xenobiotics and nutrients in the small intestine. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This NHERF-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 190587047  42 IKAVRKGCPADIAGLKAGDMIIKVDGKLVIAASHETVTDMMKAA-NQVTLTLAE 94
Cdd:cd06768   27 IREVDPGSPAERAGLKDGDRLVEVNGENVEGESHEQVVEKIKASgNQVTLLVVD 80

PDZ domain of rhophilin-1, rhophilin-2, and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of rhophilin-1, rhophilin-2, and related domains. Rhophilin-1 (RHPN1, also known as GTP-Rho-binding protein 1) and rhophilin-2 (RHPN2, also known as GTP-Rho-binding protein 2) are Rho-GTP binding proteins involved in cytoskeletal dynamics. Rhophilin-2 inhibits RhoA's activity to induce F-actin stress fibers. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This rhophilin-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 190587047  30 YGVSITGHNPVSIKAVRKGCPADIAGLKAGDMIIKVDGKLVIAASHETVTDMMKAANQVTLTL 92
Cdd:cd06712   13 FGFTLRGDSPVQVASVDPGSCAAEAGLKEGDYIVSVGGVDCKWSKHSEVVKLLKSAGEEGLEL 75

first protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in novel protein kinase C (nPKC) theta, delta, and similar proteins; PKCs are classified into three groups (classical, atypical, and novel) depending on their mode of activation and the structural characteristics of their regulatory domains. nPKCs are calcium-independent, but require DAG (1,2-diacylglycerol) and phosphatidylserine (PS) for activity. PKC-theta is selectively expressed in T-cells and plays an important and non-redundant role in several aspects of T-cell biology. PKC-delta plays a role in cell cycle regulation and programmed cell death in many cell types. Members of this family contain two copies of the C1 domain. This model corresponds to the first one. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 190587047 298 IKGHRFQPQAFTTIKYCGQCNRVIWGIGKNAYHCQACGFNVHiSACAKSLLYSCQGS 354
Cdd:cd20834    5 VKGHEFIAKFFRQPTFCSVCKEFLWGFNKQGYQCRQCNAAVH-KKCHDKILGKCPGS 60

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in the myotubularin-related protein Sbf and similar proteins; This group includes Drosophila melanogaster SET domain binding factor (Sbf), the single homolog of human MTMR5/MTMR13, and similar proteins, that show high sequence similarity to vertebrate myotubularin-related proteins (MTMRs) which may function as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). Sbf is a pseudophosphatase that coordinates both phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P) turnover and Rab21 GTPase activation in an endosomal pathway that controls macrophage remodeling. It also functions as a GEF that promotes Rab21 GTPase activation associated with PI(3)P endosomes. Vertebrate MTMR5 and MTMR13 contain an N-terminal DENN domain, a PH-GRAM domain, an inactive PTP domain, a SET interaction domain, a coiled-coil domain, and a C-terminal PH domain. Members of this family contain these domains and have an additional C1 domain. This model corresponds to the C1 domain. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 190587047 301 HRFQPQAFTTIKYCGQCNRVIWGIGKNAYHCQACGFNVHiSACAKSLLYSCQ 352
Cdd:cd20827    2 HRFEKHNFTTPTYCDYCSSLLWGLVKTGMRCADCGYSCH-EKCLEHVPKNCT 52

first protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in the classical (or conventional) protein kinase C (cPKC) family; PKCs are classified into three groups (classical, atypical, and novel) depending on their mode of activation and the structural characteristics of their regulatory domains. cPKCs are potent kinases for histones, myelin basic protein, and protamine. They depend on calcium, DAG (1,2-diacylglycerol), and in most cases, phosphatidylserine (PS) for activation. There are four cPKC isoforms, named alpha, betaI, betaII, and gamma. PKC-alpha is expressed in many tissues and is associated with cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell motility. It plays a role in the signaling of the growth factors PDGF, VEGF, EGF, and FGF. Abnormal levels of PKC-alpha have been detected in many transformed cell lines and several human tumors. In addition, PKC-alpha is required for HER2 dependent breast cancer invasion. The PKC beta isoforms (I and II), generated by alternative splicing of a single gene, are preferentially activated by hyperglycemia-induced DAG (1,2-diacylglycerol) in retinal tissues. This is implicated in diabetic microangiopathy such as ischemia, neovascularization, and abnormal vasodilator function. PKC-beta also plays an important role in VEGF signaling. In addition, glucose regulates proliferation in retinal endothelial cells via PKC-betaI. PKC-beta is also being explored as a therapeutic target in cancer. It contributes to tumor formation and is involved in the tumor host mechanisms of inflammation and angiogenesis. PKC-gamma is mainly expressed in neuronal tissues. It plays a role in protection from ischemia. Members of this family contain two copies of the C1 domain. This model corresponds to the first one. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 190587047 299 KGHRFQPQAFTTIKYCGQCNRVIWGIGKNAYHCQACGFNVHiSACAKSLLYSCQG 353
Cdd:cd20833    1 KDHKFIARFFKQPTFCSHCTDFIWGFGKQGFQCQVCSFVVH-KRCHEFVTFSCPG 54

Protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1) domains (Cysteine-rich domains); Some bind phorbol esters and diacylglycerol. Some bind RasGTP. Zinc-binding domains.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 190587047   301 HRFQPQAFTTIKYCGQCNRVIWGIGKNAYHCQACGFNVHISaCAKSLLYSC 351
Cdd:smart00109   1 HKHVFRTFTKPTFCCVCRKSIWGSFKQGLRCSECKVKCHKK-CADKVPKAC 50

first protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in uncharacterized phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit-like proteins; The family includes a group of uncharacterized proteins that show high sequence similarity to vertebrate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunits (PIK3Rs), which bind to activated (phosphorylated) protein-tyrosine kinases through its SH2 domain and regulate their kinase activity. Unlike typical PIK3Rs, members of this family have two C1 domains. This model corresponds to the first one. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 190587047 301 HRFQPQAFTTIKYCGQCNRVIWGIGKNAYHCQACGFNVHISACAKSLLYSCQG 353
Cdd:cd20829    1 HRLVDVYFVTPILCRHCKDYIWGKGKVGVRCEDCHACFHLVCAKYAAKHPCQR 53

PDZ domain of SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 1 (SHANK1), SHANK2, SHANK3, and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of SHANK1, SHANK2, SHANK3, and related domains. SHANK family proteins, SHANK1 (also known as somatostatin receptor-interacting protein, SSTR-interacting protein, SSTRIP), SHANK2 (also known as cortactin-binding protein 1, proline-rich synapse-associated protein 1), and SHANK3 (proline-rich synapse-associated protein 2) are synaptic scaffolding proteins which are highly enriched in the post-synaptic densities of excitatory synapses. They have been implicated in synaptic transmission, synapse formation, synaptic plasticity, and cytoskeletal remodeling, and are regulators of Cav1 calcium current and CREB target expression. Many protein ligands have been identified for the Shank PDZ domain, such as GKAP (also known as SAPAP), betaPIX (a guanine nucleotide exchange factor used by Rho GTPase family members Rac1 and Cdc42), alpha-latrotoxin, neuroligin, group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), and L-type calcium channels. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This SHANK-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged as beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta- strand F.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 190587047  10 NDDSDVRqkiIVVCRDKNNKYGVSITGHNPVS----------------IKAVRKGCPADIAGLKAGDMIIKVDGKLVIAA 73
Cdd:cd06746    1 DSIIDPR---TVVLQKGDKGFGFVLRGAKAVGpileftptpafpalqyLESVDPGGVADKAGLKKGDFLLEINGEDVVKA 77

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|
gi 190587047  74 SHETVTDMMK-AANQVTLTL 92
Cdd:cd06746   78 SHEQVVNLIRqSGNTLVLKV 97

PDZ domain of regulator of G-protein signaling 3 (RGS3), and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of RGS3, and related domains. RGS3 down-regulates GPCR signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G-protein alpha subunits, thereby driving G-proteins into their inactive GDP-bound form. It downregulates G-protein-mediated release of inositol phosphates and activation of MAP kinases. In Eph/ephrin signaling, RGS3 binds via its PDZ domain to the cytoplasmic C terminus of Eph receptor tyrosine kinase EphB. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This RGS3-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 190587047  18 KIIVVCRDKNNkYGVSITGHNPVSIKAVRKGCPADIAGLKAGDMIIKVDGKLVIAASHETVTDMMKAANQVTLTLAER 95
Cdd:cd06711    1 LQITIQRGKDG-FGFTICDDSPVRVQAVDPGGPAEQAGLQQGDTVLQINGQPVERSKCVELAHAIRNCPSEIILLVWR 77

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in the atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) zeta type; PKCs are classified into three groups (classical, atypical, and novel) depending on their mode of activation and the structural characteristics of their regulatory domain. aPKCs only require phosphatidylserine (PS) for activation. They contain a C2-like region, instead of a calcium-binding (C2) region found in classical PKCs, in their regulatory domain. There are two aPKC isoforms, zeta and iota. aPKCs are involved in many cellular functions including proliferation, migration, apoptosis, polarity maintenance and cytoskeletal regulation. They also play a critical role in the regulation of glucose metabolism and in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. PKC-zeta plays a critical role in activating the glucose transport response. It is activated by glucose, insulin, and exercise through diverse pathways. PKC-zeta also plays a central role in maintaining cell polarity in yeast and mammalian cells. In addition, it affects actin remodeling in muscle cells. Members of this family contain C1 domain found in aPKC isoform zeta. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 190587047 300 GHRFQPQAFTTIKYCGQCNRVIWGIGKNAYHCQACGFNVH 339
Cdd:cd21095    2 GHLFQAKRFNRRAYCGQCSERIWGLGRQGYKCINCKLLVH 41

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in the Raf (Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma) kinase family; Raf kinases are serine/threonine kinases (STKs) that catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. They act as mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAP3Ks, MKKKs, MAPKKKs), which phosphorylate and activate MAPK kinases (MAPKKs or MKKs or MAP2Ks), which in turn phosphorylate and activate MAPKs during signaling cascades that are important in mediating cellular responses to extracellular signals. They function in the linear Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway that regulates many cellular processes including cycle regulation, proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. Aberrant expression or activation of components in this pathway are associated with tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Raf proteins contain a Ras binding domain, a zinc finger cysteine-rich domain (C1), and a catalytic kinase domain. Vertebrates have three Raf isoforms (A-, B-, and C-Raf) with different expression profiles, modes of regulation, and abilities to function in the ERK cascade, depending on cellular context and stimuli. They have essential and non-overlapping roles during embryo- and organogenesis. Knockout of each isoform results in a lethal phenotype or abnormality in most mouse strains. This model describes the C1 domain. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 190587047 301 HRFQPQAFTTIKYCGQCNRVIWgigkNAYHCQACGFNVHiSACAKSLLYSCQ 352
Cdd:cd20811    3 HNFVRKTFFTLAFCDVCRKLLF----QGFRCQTCGFKFH-QRCSDQVPALCE 49

PDZ domain of sorting nexin-27 (SNX27), and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of SNX27, and related domains. SNX27 is involved in retrograde transport from endosome to plasma membrane. The PDZ domain of SNX27 links cargo identification to retromer-mediated transport. SNX27 binds to the retromer complex (vacuolar protein sorting 26(VPS26)-VPS29-VPS35), via its PDZ domain binding to VPS26. The SNX27 PDZ domain also binds to cargo including the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs): beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR), beta1AR, parathyroid hormone receptor (PTHR), alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs), NMDA receptors, 5-hydroxytryptamine 4a receptors, frizzled receptors, and somatostatin receptor subtype 5 (SSTR5). Additional binding partners of the SNX27 PDZ domain include G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir3) channels, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10); PTEN binding to SNX27 prevents SNX27's association with the retromer complex. SNX27 has been reported to be a host factor needed for efficient entry of an engineered SARS-CoV-2 variant, the spike protein of which contains a deletion at the S1/S2 subunit cleavage site; the PDZ domain of SNX27 binds angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and may be involved in recycling ACE2 to the plasma membrane, thereby promoting viral entry. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This SNX27-like family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 190587047  42 IKAVRKGCPADIAGLKAGDMIIKVDGKLVIAASHETVTDMMKAA-NQVTLTL 92
Cdd:cd23070   40 VSAVLEGGAADKAGVRKGDRILEVNGVNVEGATHKQVVDLIKSGgDELTLTV 91

Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) domain found in the PDZ-Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RhoGEF) protein; The RGS domain is an essential part of the PDZ-RhoGEF (PDZ:Postsynaptic density 95, Disk large, Zona occludens-1; RhoGEF: Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor; alias PRG) protein, a member of RhoGEFs subfamily of the RGS protein family. The RhoGEFs are peripheral membrane proteins that regulate essential cellular processes, including cell shape, cell migration, and cell cycle progression, as well as gene transcription by linking signals from heterotrimeric G-alpha12/13 protein-coupled receptors to Rho GTPase activation, leading to various cellular responses, such as actin reorganization and gene expression. RhoGEFs subfamily includes leukemia-associated RhoGEF protein (LARG), p115RhoGEF, PDZ-RhoGEF and its rat specific splice variant GTRAP48. The RGS domain of RhoGEFs has very little sequence similarity with the canonical RGS domain of the RGS proteins and is often refered to as RH (RGS Homology) domain. In contrast to p115RhoGEF and LARG, PDZ-RhoGEF cannot serve as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP), due to the mutation of sites in the RGS domain region that are crucial for GAP activity. RGS proteins play critical regulatory role as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) of the heterotrimeric G-protein G-alpha-subunits. RGS proteins play critical regulatory role as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) of the heterotrimeric G-protein G-alpha-subunits. RGS proteins regulate many aspects of embryonic development such as glial differentiation, embryonic axis formation, skeletal and muscle development, cell migration during early embryogenesis, as well as apoptosis, cell proliferation, and modulation of cardiac development.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 190587047 105 LLKPKSEKTAAFLRYLIANEKPNALLFLLMSEAYRQKpgKVKDKKRWLYEISTAFLVPTAPLEISVEPQIIYNIVNVIQN 184
Cdd:cd08753   27 KLKSRPAHLVVFLRYIFSQADPGPLLFYLCSEVYQQT--SPKDSRSLGKDIWNIFLEKNAPLRVKIPEMLQAEIDLRLRN 104

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 190587047 185 -ESIRddqvfsNIFLAAREPAKSVVMEKFTEYKKTR 219
Cdd:cd08753  105 nEDPR------GVLCEAQEAVMPEIQEQIQDYRSKR 134

PDZ domain of afadin (AFDN), and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain of afadin (AFDN, also known as ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 6 protein (AF6) and MLLT4), and related domains. AFDN belongs to the adhesion system, probably together with the E-cadherin-catenin system, that plays a role in the organization of homotypic, interneuronal, and heterotypic cell-cell adherens junctions. The AFDN PDZ domain interaction partners include poliovirus receptor-related protein PRR2/nectin, the junctional adhesion molecule (JAM), the breakpoint-cluster-region protein (BCR), connexin36 (Cx36), and a subset of Eph-related receptor tyrosine kinases; it can also bind low molecular weight ligands, in competition with a natural peptide ligand. Other AFDN-binding proteins have been identified. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This AFDN family domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 190587047  42 IKAVRKGCPADIAG-LKAGDMIIKVDGKLVIAASHETVTD-MMKAANQVTLTLAER 95
Cdd:cd06789   34 IKSVVKGGAADLDGrLQAGDQLLSVDGHSLVGLSQERAAElMTKTGSVVTLEVAKQ 89

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in RAS guanyl-releasing protein 4 (RASGRP4) and similar proteins; RASGRP4 functions as a cation- and diacylglycerol (DAG)-regulated nucleotide exchange factor activating Ras through the exchange of bound GDP for GTP. It may function in mast cell differentiation. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 190587047 301 HRFQPQAFTTIKYCGQCNRVIWGIGKNAYHCQACGFNVH 339
Cdd:cd20863    4 HNFHETTFKKPTFCDSCSGFLWGVTKQGYRCQDCGINCH 42

PDZ domain 4 of human Ligand of Numb protein X 1 (LNX1) and LNX2, and related domains; PDZ (PSD-95 (Postsynaptic density protein 95), Dlg (Discs large protein), and ZO-1 (Zonula occludens-1)) domain 4 of LNX1 (also known as PDZ domain-containing RING finger protein 2, PDZRN2)and LNX2 (also known as PDZ domain-containing RING finger protein 1, PDZRN1), and related domains. LNX1 and LNX2 are Ring (Really Interesting New Gene) finger and PDZ domain-containing E3 ubiquitin ligases that bind to the cell fate determinant protein NUMB and mediate its ubiquitination. LNX1 can ubiquitinate a number of other ligands including PPFIA1, KLHL11, KIF7 and ERC2. LNX1 and LNX2 each have four PDZ domains. PDZ domains usually bind in a sequence-specific manner to short peptide sequences located at the C-terminal end of their partner proteins (known as PDZ binding motifs). The PDZ superfamily includes canonical PDZ domains as well as those with circular permutations and domain swapping mediated by beta-strands. This LNX family PDZ4 domain is a canonical PDZ domain containing six beta-strands A-F and two alpha-helices (alpha-helix 1 and 2), arranged in the order: beta-strands A, B, C, alpha-helix 1, beta-strands D, E, alpha-helix 2 and beta-strand F.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 190587047  18 KIIVVCRDKNNKYGVSITG-----HN--PVSIKAVRKGCPADIAG-LKAGDMIIKVDGKLVIAASHETVTDMMKA-ANQV 88
Cdd:cd06680    1 KDITLRRSSSGSLGFSIVGgyeesHGnqPFFVKSIVPGTPAYNDGrLKCGDIILAVNGVSTVGMSHAALVPLLKEqRGRV 80

                 ...
gi 190587047  89 TLT 91
Cdd:cd06680   81 TLT 83

protein kinase C conserved region 1 (C1 domain) found in the Myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase (MRCK) family; MRCK is thought to be a coincidence detector of signaling by the small GTPase Cdc42 and phosphoinositides. MRCK/Cdc42 signaling mediates myosin-dependent cell motility. MRCK has been shown to promote cytoskeletal reorganization, which affects many biological processes. Three isoforms of MRCK are known, named alpha, beta and gamma. MRCKgamma is expressed in heart and skeletal muscles, unlike MRCKalpha and MRCKbeta, which are expressed ubiquitously. MRCK consists of a serine/threonine kinase domain, a cysteine rich (C1) region, a PH domain and a p21 binding motif. This model corresponds to C1 domain. The C1 domain is a cysteine-rich zinc binding domain that does not bind DNA nor possess structural similarity to conventional zinc finger domains; it contains two separate Zn(2+)-binding sites.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 190587047 301 HRFQPQAFTTIKYCGQCNRVIWGIGKNAYHCQACGFNVHISaCAKSLLYSC 351
Cdd:cd20809    1 HKFIVRTFSTPTKCNHCTSLMVGLVRQGLVCEVCGYACHVS-CADKAPQVC 50