UBA domain found in UBX domain-containing protein 1 (UBXN1) and similar proteins; UBXN1, also called SAPK substrate protein 1 (SAKS1) or UBA/UBX 33.3 kDa protein, is a widely expressed protein containing an N-terminal ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain, a coiled-coil region, and a C-terminal ubiquitin-like (UBX) domain. It binds polyubiquitin and valosin-containing protein (VCP), and has been identified as a substrate for stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs). Moreover, UBXN1 specifically binds to Homer2b. It may also interact with ubiquitin (Ub) and may be involved in the Ub-proteasome proteolytic pathways. In addition, UBXN1 can associate with autoubiquitinated BRCA1 tumor suppressor and inhibit its enzymatic function through its UBA domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 148701444   5 TALESLIEMGFPRGRAEKALALTGNQGIEAAMDWLMEHEDD 45
Cdd:cd14302    1 SELQTLIEMGFSRNRAEKALAKTGNQGVEAAMEWLLAHEDD 41

Domain present in ubiquitin-regulatory proteins; Present in FAF1 and Shp1p.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 148701444   213 QCRIQVRLPDGTSLTQTFRAREQLAAVRLYVelhrGEEPGQDQDPVQLLSGFPRRAFSEADMERPLQELGLVPSAVLIVA 292
Cdd:smart00166   1 VCRLQIRLPDGSRLVRRFPSSDTLRTVYEFV----SAALGDGNDPFTLNSPFPRRTFTKDDYSKKLLELALLPSSTLVLE 76

                   .
gi 148701444   293 K 293
Cdd:smart00166  77 P 77

UBA domain found in UBX domain-containing protein 1 (UBXN1) and similar proteins; UBXN1, also called SAPK substrate protein 1 (SAKS1) or UBA/UBX 33.3 kDa protein, is a widely expressed protein containing an N-terminal ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain, a coiled-coil region, and a C-terminal ubiquitin-like (UBX) domain. It binds polyubiquitin and valosin-containing protein (VCP), and has been identified as a substrate for stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs). Moreover, UBXN1 specifically binds to Homer2b. It may also interact with ubiquitin (Ub) and may be involved in the Ub-proteasome proteolytic pathways. In addition, UBXN1 can associate with autoubiquitinated BRCA1 tumor suppressor and inhibit its enzymatic function through its UBA domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 148701444   5 TALESLIEMGFPRGRAEKALALTGNQGIEAAMDWLMEHEDD 45
Cdd:cd14302    1 SELQTLIEMGFSRNRAEKALAKTGNQGVEAAMEWLLAHEDD 41

UBA/TS-N domain; This small domain is composed of three alpha helices. This family includes the previously defined UBA and TS-N domains. The UBA-domain (ubiquitin associated domain) is a novel sequence motif found in several proteins having connections to ubiquitin and the ubiquitination pathway. The structure of the UBA domain consists of a compact three helix bundle. This domain is found at the N terminus of EF-TS hence the name TS-N. The structure of EF-TS is known and this domain is implicated in its interaction with EF-TU. The domain has been found in non EF-TS proteins such as alpha-NAC and MJ0280.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 148701444    6 ALESLIEMGFPRGRAEKALALTGNqGIEAAMDWL 39
Cdd:pfam00627   5 AIQRLVEMGFDREQVREALRATGN-NVERAAEYL 37

Domain present in ubiquitin-regulatory proteins; Present in FAF1 and Shp1p.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 148701444   213 QCRIQVRLPDGTSLTQTFRAREQLAAVRLYVelhrGEEPGQDQDPVQLLSGFPRRAFSEADMERPLQELGLVPSAVLIVA 292
Cdd:smart00166   1 VCRLQIRLPDGSRLVRRFPSSDTLRTVYEFV----SAALGDGNDPFTLNSPFPRRTFTKDDYSKKLLELALLPSSTLVLE 76

                   .
gi 148701444   293 K 293
Cdd:smart00166  77 P 77

UBA domain found in UBX domain-containing protein 1 (UBXN1) and similar proteins; UBXN1, also called SAPK substrate protein 1 (SAKS1) or UBA/UBX 33.3 kDa protein, is a widely expressed protein containing an N-terminal ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain, a coiled-coil region, and a C-terminal ubiquitin-like (UBX) domain. It binds polyubiquitin and valosin-containing protein (VCP), and has been identified as a substrate for stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs). Moreover, UBXN1 specifically binds to Homer2b. It may also interact with ubiquitin (Ub) and may be involved in the Ub-proteasome proteolytic pathways. In addition, UBXN1 can associate with autoubiquitinated BRCA1 tumor suppressor and inhibit its enzymatic function through its UBA domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 148701444   5 TALESLIEMGFPRGRAEKALALTGNQGIEAAMDWLMEHEDD 45
Cdd:cd14302    1 SELQTLIEMGFSRNRAEKALAKTGNQGVEAAMEWLLAHEDD 41

Ubiquitin regulatory domain X (UBX) found in UBX domain protein 4 (UBXN4) and similar proteins; UBXN4, also termed ERAD (endoplasmic-reticulum-associated protein degradation) substrate erasing protein (erasin), or UBX domain-containing protein 2 (UBXD2), or UBXDC1, belongs to the UBXD family of proteins that contains the ubiquitin regulatory domain X (UBX) with a beta-grasp ubiquitin-like fold, but without the C-terminal double glycine motif. UBX domain is typically located at the carboxyl terminus of proteins, and participates broadly in the regulation of protein degradation. UBXN4 is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) localized protein that interacts with p97 (also known as VCP or Cdc48) via its UBX domain. Erasin exists in a complex with other p97/VCP-associated factors involved in endoplasmic-reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD). p97 is a homohexameric AAA ATPase (ATPase associated with a variety of activities) involved in a variety of functions ranging from cell-cycle regulation to membrane fusion and protein degradation. The overexpression of UBXN4 increases degradation of a classical ERAD substrate and UBXN4 levels are increased in ER stressed cells. Anti-UBXN4 staining is increased in neuropathological lesions in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 148701444 214 CRIQVRLPDGTSLTQTFRAREQLAAVRLYVElhrgEEPGQDQDPVQLLSGFPRRAFSEADMERPLQELGLVPSAVLIV 291
Cdd:cd16117    2 ARIQFRLPDGSSFTNQFPSDAPLEEARQFVA----QTVGPAYGPFSLATTFPRREFTDDDYQKTLLELELAPSAALVV 75

UBA1 domain found in ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase UBP5, UBP13 and similar proteins; UBP5, also called deubiquitinating enzyme 5, Isopeptidase T (IsoT), ubiquitin thioesterase 5, or ubiquitin-specific-processing protease 5, is a deubiquitinating enzyme largely responsible for the disassembly of the majority of unanchored polyubiquitin in the cell. Zinc is required for its catalytic activity. UBP5 contains four ubiquitin (Ub)-binding sites including an N-terminal zinc finger (ZnF) domain, a catalytic ubiquitin-specific processing protease (UBP) domain (catalytic C-box and H-box), and two ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domains. ZnF domain binds the proximal ubiquitin. UBP domain forms the active site. UBA domains are involved in binding linear or K48-linked polyubiquitin. UBP13, also called deubiquitinating enzyme 13, Isopeptidase T-3 (isoT3), ubiquitin thioesterase 13, or ubiquitin-specific-processing protease 13, is an ortholog of UBP5. It has similar domain architecture, but functions differently from USP5 in cellular deubiquitination processes. It exhibits a weak deubiquitinating activity preferring to Lys63-linked polyubiquitin in a non-activation manner. Moreover, the zinc finger (ZnF) domain of USP13 cannot bind to Ub. Its tandem UBA domains can bind with different types of diUb but preferentially with K63-linked.USP13 can also regulate the protein level of CD3delta in cells via its UBA domains. This model corresponds to the UBA1 domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 148701444   7 LESLIEMGFPRGRAEKALALTGNQGIEAAMDWLMEHEDDPD 47
Cdd:cd14294    4 VSQLAEMGFPLEACRKAVYHTNNSGLEAAMNWIMEHMDDPD 44

UBA domain found in ubiquitin-associated and SH3 domain-containing protein B (UBS3B) and similar proteins; UBS3B, or Cbl-interacting protein p70, suppressor of T-cell receptor signaling 1 (Sts-1), T-cell ubiquitin ligand 2 (TULA-2), or tyrosine-protein phosphatase STS1/TULA2, is ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues in a variety of cell types. It exhibits high phosphatase activity, but demonstrates no proapoptotic activity. It negatively regulates the tyrosine kinase Zap-70 activation and T cell receptor (TCR) signaling pathways that modulate T cell activation. Moreover, UBS3B acts as a Cbl- and ubiquitin-interacting protein that inhibits endocytosis of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 148701444   5 TALESLIEMGFPRGRAEKALALTGNQGIEAAMDWLMEH 42
Cdd:cd14301    1 SALEVLLSMGFPKHRAEKALAATGGRSVQLASDWLLSH 38

UBA1 domain found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 14 (scUBP14) and similar proteins; scUBP14, also called deubiquitinating enzyme 14, glucose-induced degradation protein 6, ubiquitin thioesterase 14, or ubiquitin-specific-processing protease 14, is the yeast ortholog of human Isopeptidase T (USP5), a deubiquitinating enzyme known to bind the 29-linked polyubiquitin chains. scUBP14 has been identified as a K29-linked polyubiquitin binding protein as well. It is involved in K29-linked polyubiquitin metabolism by binding to the 29-linked Ub4 resin and serving as an internal positive control in budding yeast. Members in this family contain two tandem ubiquitin-association (UBA) domains. This model corresponds to the UBA1 domain.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 148701444   6 ALESLIEMGFPRGRAEKALALTGNQGIEAAMDWLMEH 42
Cdd:cd14296    3 AVSQLMSMGFSENAAKRALYYTGNSSVEAAMNWLFEH 39

Ubiquitin regulatory domain X (UBX) found in FAS associated factor 1 (FAF1, also known as UBXN3A) and similar proteins; UBX domain-containing protein 3A (UBXN3A),also termed UBX domain-containing protein 12 (UBXD12), or FAF1, belongs to the UBXD family of proteins that contains the ubiquitin regulatory domain X (UBX) with a beta-grasp ubiquitin-like fold, but without the C-terminal double glycine motif. UBX domain is typically located at the carboxyl terminus of proteins, and participates broadly in the regulation of protein degradation. In addition, FAF1 contains two tandem ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domains, which shows high structural similarity with UBX domain. FAF1 functions as a cofactor of p97 (also known as VCP or Cdc48), which is a homohexameric AAA ATPase (ATPase associated with a variety of activities) involved in a variety of functions ranging from cell-cycle regulation to membrane fusion and protein degradation. The FAF1-p97 complex inhibits the proteasomal protein degradation in which p97 acts as a co-chaperone. Moreover, FAF1 is an apoptotic signaling molecule that acts downstream in the Fas signal transduction pathway. It interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of Fas, but not to a Fas mutant that is deficient in signal transduction. FAF1 is widely expressed in adult and embryonic tissues, and in tumor cell lines, and is localized not only in the cytoplasm where it interacts with Fas, but also in the nucleus. FAF1 contains phosphorylation sites for protein kinase CK2 within the nuclear targeting domain. Phosphorylation influences nuclear localization of FAF1 but does not affect its potentiation of Fas-induced apoptosis. Other functions have also been attributed to FAF1. It inhibits nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) by interfering with the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit. Although the precise role of FAF1 in the ubiquitination pathway remains unclear, FAF1 interacts with valosin-containing protein (VCP), which is involved in the ubiquitin-proteosome pathway. This family corresponds to UBX domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 148701444 214 CRIQVRLPDGTSLTQTFRAREQLAAVRLYVElhrgeEPGQDQDPVQLLSGFPRRAFSEADMERPLQELGLVPSAVLIV 291
Cdd:cd01771    5 SKLRFRLPGGEFLTRRFLASEPLQVLLNFVA-----SKGYPPDEYKLLTTFPRRDLTQLDPSKTLEELKLFPQETLFL 77

Ubiquitin regulatory domain X (UBX) found in UBX domain protein 11 (UBXN11) and similar proteins; UBXN11, also termed colorectal tumor-associated antigen COA-1, or socius, or UBX domain-containing protein 5 (UBXD5), belongs to the UBXD family of proteins that contains the ubiquitin regulatory domain X (UBX) with a beta-grasp ubiquitin-like fold, but without the C-terminal double glycine motif. UBX domain is typically located at the carboxyl terminus of proteins, and participates broadly in the regulation of protein degradation. UBXN11 may function as a cofactor of p97 (also known as VCP or Cdc48), which is a homohexameric AAA ATPase (ATPase associated with a variety of activities) involved in a variety of functions ranging from cell-cycle regulation to membrane fusion and protein degradation. UBXN11 also acts as a novel interacting partner of Rnd proteins (Rnd1, Rnd2, and Rnd3/RhoE), new members of Rho family of small GTPases. It directly binds to Rnd GTPases through its C-terminal region, and further participates in disassembly of actin stress fibers. UBXN11 also binds directly to Galpha12 and Galpha13 through its N-terminal region. As a novel activator of the Galpha12 family, UBXN11 promotes the Galpha12-induced RhoA activation.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 148701444 212 DQCRIQVRLPDGTsltQTF----RAREQLAAVRLYVELHRGeepgQDQDPVQLLSGFPRRAFSeaDMERPLQELGLVPSA 287
Cdd:cd17077    1 DVTTLRIKSENGE---QTYilkmRFSDTIGDLRRYLDKHRS----KDAASYEIVTTFPNKVYD--DDSATLEELGLVPNA 71

                 ....
gi 148701444 288 VLIV 291
Cdd:cd17077   72 TLHL 75

UBA domain found in ubiquitin-associated and SH3 domain-containing protein A (UBS3A) and similar proteins; UBS3A, also called Cbl-interacting protein 4 (CLIP4), suppressor of T-cell receptor signaling 2 (Sts-2), or T-cell ubiquitin ligand 1 (TULA-1), is a lymphoid protein only detected in thymus, spleen, and bone marrow. UBS3A exhibits extremely low phosphatase activity, but is capable of promoting T-cell apoptosis independent of either T cell receptor (TCR)/CD3-mediated signaling or caspase activity. It functions as a negative regulator of TCR signaling. UBS3A can also inhibit HIV-1 biogenesis through the binding of ATP-binding cassette protein family E member 1 (ABCE-1), a host factor of HIV-1 assembly. Moreover, UBS3A acts as the Cbl- and ubiquitin-interacting protein that can inhibit endocytosis and downregulation of ligand-activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by impairing Cbl-induced ubiquitination, as well as inhibit clathrin-dependent endocytosis in general. This family also includes Arabidopsis thaliana ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 14 (atUBP14) and some uncharacterized AAA-type ATPase-like proteins found in plants.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 148701444   7 LESLIEMGFPRGRAEKALALTGNQGIEAAMDWLMEH 42
Cdd:cd14300    1 LETLLAMGFPEDVARKALKATGGKSIEKATDWLLSH 36

Ubiquitin regulatory domain X (UBX) found in UBX domain-containing proteins UBXN2A, UBXN2B, NSFL1C/UBXN2C, and similar proteins; This family includes UBX domain-containing proteins UBXN2A, UBXN2B, and NSFL1C/UBXN2C, which contain a SEP (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Shp1, Drosophila melanogaster eyes closed gene (eyc), and vertebrate p47) domain, and a ubiquitin regulatory domain X (UBX) with a beta-grasp ubiquitin-like fold at the C-terminus. UBX domain participates broadly in the regulation of protein degradation. UBXN2A, UBXN2B, and UBXN2C function as the adaptor proteins of p97 (also known as VCP or Cdc48), which is a homohexameric AAA ATPase (ATPase associated with a variety of activities) involved in a variety of functions ranging from cell-cycle regulation to membrane fusion and protein degradation.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 148701444 215 RIQVRLPDGTSLTQTFRAREQLAAVRLYVELHRgeepGQDQDPVQLLSGFPRRAFSeaDMERPLQELGLVPSAVL 289
Cdd:cd01770    1 SIQIRLADGSRLVARFNLTHTVGDIRQFIDSAR----PGYSRPFVLMTGFPPKELT--DESQTLEEAGLLNAVVV 69

UBA domain found in yeast UBA domain-containing protein RUP1p and similar proteins; RUP1p is a ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain-containing protein encoded by a nonessential yeast gene RUP1. It can mediate the association of Rsp5 and Ubp2. The N-terminal UBA domain is responsible for antagonizing Rsp5 function, as well as bridging the Rsp5-Ubp2 interaction. No other characterized functional domains or motifs are found in RUP1p.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 148701444   5 TALESLIEMGFPRGRAEKALALTGNQgIEAAMDWLMEH 42
Cdd:cd14307    2 EAVASLLEMGIPREVAIEALRETNGD-VEAAANYIFSN 38

Ubiquitin associated domain; Present in Rad23, SNF1-like kinases. The newly-found UBA in p62 is known to bind ubiquitin.

                           10        20        30
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 148701444     5 TALESLIEMGFPRGRAEKALALTGNQgIEAAMDWLM 40
Cdd:smart00165   3 EKIDQLLEMGFSREEALKALRAANGN-VERAAEYLL 37

UBA domain found in plant AAA-type ATPase-like proteins; This family includes some uncharacterized AAA-type ATPase-like proteins found in plant. The AAA+ ATPases function as molecular chaperons, ATPase subunits of proteases, helicases, or nucleic-acid stimulated ATPases. Members in this family contains an N-terminal ubiquitin-association (UBA) domain, a AAA-type ATPase domain and a C-terminal MgsA AAA+ ATPase domain. This model corresponds to the UBA domain which show a high level of sequence similarity with mammalian ubiquitin-associated and SH3 domain-containing protein A (UBS3A).

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 148701444   7 LESLIEMGFPRGRAEKALALTGNQGIEAAMDWLMEH 42
Cdd:cd14389    1 MEQLVDMGFSSDLAAEALAATGGKSTQKATEWILSH 36

UBA1 domain found in ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 13 (UBP13); UBP13, also called deubiquitinating enzyme 13, Isopeptidase T-3 (isoT3), ubiquitin thioesterase 13, or ubiquitin-specific-processing protease 13, is an ortholog of UBP5 implicated in catalyzing hydrolysis of various ubiquitin (Ub)-chains. It contains a zinc finger (ZnF) domain, a catalytic ubiquitin-specific processing protease (UBP) domain (catalytic C-box and H-box), and two ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domains. Due to the non-activating catalysis for K63-polyubiquitin chains, UBP13 may function differently from USP5 in cellular deubiquitination processes. Moreover, the zinc finger (ZnF) domain of USP13 cannot bind to Ub. Its tandem UBA domains can bind with different types of diUb but preferentially with K63-linked.USP13 can also regulate the protein level of CD3delta in cells via its UBA domains. This model corresponds to the UBA1 domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 148701444   5 TALESLIEMGFPRGRAEKALALTGNQGIEAAMDWLMEHEDDPD 47
Cdd:cd14384    5 SSVMQLAEMGFPLEACRKAVYYTGNMGAEVAFNWIIAHMEEPD 47

UBA domain found in vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 13D (VP13D) and similar proteins; VP13D is a chorea-acanthocytosis (CHAC)-similar protein encoded by gene VPS13D. it contains two putative domains, ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain and lectin domain of ricin B chain profile (ricin-B-lectin), suggesting it may interact with, and be involved in the trafficking of, proteins modified with ubiquitin and/or carbohydrate molecules. Further investigation is required.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 148701444   7 LESLIEMGFPRGRAEKALALTGNQgIEAAMDWLMEH 42
Cdd:cd14306    1 VAKLMELGFPEEDCIRALRACGGN-VEEAANWLLEN 35

UBA domain found in uncharacterized protein At3g58460 from Arabidopsis thaliana and its homologs from other plants; The uncharacterized protein At3g58460 from Arabidopsis thaliana is also known as rhomboid-like protein 15 which is encoded by RBL15 gene. Although the biological function of the family members remains unclear, they all contain an N-terminal rhomboid-like domain and a C-terminal ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 148701444   6 ALESLIEMGFPRGRAEKALALTGNQgIEAAMDWLM 40
Cdd:cd14287    3 LVQSLVAMGFEKHRARRALDAAGGD-INTAVEILM 36

UBA2 domain found in ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 13 (UBP13); UBP13, also called deubiquitinating enzyme 13, Isopeptidase T-3 (isoT3), ubiquitin thioesterase 13, or ubiquitin-specific-processing protease 13 is an ortholog of UBP5 implicated in catalyzing hydrolysis of various ubiquitin (Ub)-chains. It contains a zinc finger (ZnF) domain, a catalytic ubiquitin-specific processing protease (UBP) domain (catalytic C-box and H-box), and two ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domains. Due to the non-activating catalysis for K63-polyubiquitin chains, UBP13 may function differently from USP5 in cellular deubiquitination processes. Moreover, the zinc finger (ZnF) domain of USP13 cannot bind to Ub. Its tandem UBA domains can bind with different types of diUb but preferentially with K63-linked.USP13 can also regulate the protein level of CD3delta in cells via its UBA domains. This model corresponds to the UBA2 domain.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 148701444  10 LIEMGFPRGRAEKALALTGNQgIEAAMDWL 39
Cdd:cd14387    7 LMSMGFPRNRAIEALKRTNNN-LDRALDWL 35

Ubiquitin regulatory domain X (UBX) 2 found in UBX domain protein 9 (UBXN9, UBXD9, or ASPSCR1) and similar proteins; UBXN9, also termed tether containing UBX domain for GLUT4 (TUG), or alveolar soft part sarcoma chromosomal region candidate gene 1 protein (ASPSCR1), or alveolar soft part sarcoma locus (ASPL), or renal papillary cell carcinoma protein 17 (RCC17), belongs to the UBXD family of proteins that contains two ubiquitin regulatory domains X (UBX) with a beta-grasp ubiquitin-like fold, but without the C-terminal double glycine motif. UBX domain is typically located at the carboxyl terminus of proteins, and participates broadly in the regulation of protein degradation. In addition, UBXN9 contains an N-terminal ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain. UBXN9 functions as a cofactor of p97 (also known as VCP or Cdc48), which is a homohexameric AAA ATPase (ATPase associated with a variety of activities) involved in a variety of functions ranging from cell-cycle regulation to membrane fusion and protein degradation. However, high-affinity interacting protein ASPL efficiently promotes p97 hexamer disassembly, resulting in the formation of stable p97:ASPL heterotetramers; the extended UBX domain (eUBX) in ASPL is critical for p97 hexamer disassembly and facilitates the assembly of p97:ASPL heterotetramers.UBXN9 is involved in insulin-stimulated redistribution of the glucose transporter GLUT4, assembly of the Golgi apparatus. In addition to GLUT4, UBXN9 also controls vesicle translocation by interacting with insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP), a transmembrane aminopeptidase. UBXN9 and its budding yeast ortholog, Ubx4p, are multifunctional proteins that share some, but not all functions. Yeast Ubx4p is important for endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) but UBXN9 appears not to share this function.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 148701444 214 CRIQVRLPDGTSLTQTFRAREQLAAVRLYVELHRGEEPgqdqDPVQLLSGFPRRAFSEADMErpLQELGLVPSAVL 289
Cdd:cd16118    1 AVIRVQFPDRLVLQAFFRPLETVRALYDFVKSHLADPD----LPFYLYTTPPKRVLKDKNKT--LYQAGLVPAALV 70

UBA domain found in Arabidopsis thaliana DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase DRM2 (atDRM2) and similar proteins; atDRM2, also called protein domains rearranged methylase 2, is a homolog of the mammalian de novo methyltransferase DNMT3. It is the major de novo methyltransferase targeted to DNA by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in the RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. atDRM2 is a part of the RdDM effector complex and plays a catalytic role in RdDM. It contains an N-terminal UBA domains and a C-terminal methyltransferase domain, both of which are required for normal RdDM.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 148701444   5 TALESLIEMGFPRGRAEKALALTGNQgIEAAMDWLME 41
Cdd:cd14330    2 EKIKTLVSMGFSESDARRALERCGYD-VAAAADFLFS 37

UBA1 domain found in NEDD8 ultimate buster 1 (NUB1) and similar proteins; NUB1, also called negative regulator of ubiquitin-like proteins 1, renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-18, or protein BS4, is a NEDD8-interacting protein that can be induced by interferon. It functions as a strong post-transcriptional down-regulator of the NEDD8 expression and plays critical roles in regulating many biological events, such as cell growth, NF-kappaB signaling, and biological responses to hypoxia. NUB1 can also interact with aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein-like 1 (AIPL1) which may function in the regulation of cell cycle progression. NUB1 contains three ubiquitin-associated domains (UBA), a bipartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) and a PEST motif. This model corresponds to UBA1 domain.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 148701444   5 TALESLIEMGFPRGRAEKALALTGNQgIEAAMDWL 39
Cdd:cd14291    3 DKLQQLMEMGFSEAEARLALRACNGN-VERAVDYI 36