Haloacid Dehalogenase-like Hydrolases; The haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) superfamily includes carbon and phosphorus hydrolases such as 2-haloalkonoate dehalogenase, epoxide hydrolase, phosphoserine phosphatase, phosphomannomutase, phosphoglycolate phosphatase, P-type ATPase, among others. These proteins catalyze nucleophilic substitution reactions at phosphorus or carbon centers, using a conserved Asp carboxylate in covalent catalysis. All members possess a conserve alpha/beta core domain, and many also possess a small cap domain, with varying folds and functions.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 148672596  15 LCLFDVDGTLTPARQKIDPEVSAFLQKLRSR 45
Cdd:cd02585    1 LLLFDVDGTLTPPRQPITPEMAEFLAELRQK 31

phosphomannomutase, similar to human PMM1 and PMM2, Saccharomyces Sec53p, and Arabidopsis thaliana PMM; PMM catalyzes the interconversion of mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) to mannose-1-phosphate (M1P); the conversion of M6P to M1P is an essential step in mannose activation and the biosynthesis of glycoconjugates in all eukaryotes. M1P is the substrate for the synthesis of GDP-mannose, which is an intermediate for protein glycosylation, protein sorting and secretion, and maintaining a functional endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells. Proteins in this family contains a conserved phosphorylated motif DxDx(T/V) shared with some other phosphotransferases. This family contains two human homologs, PMM1 and PMM2; PMM2 deficiency causes congenital disorder of glycosylation type I-a, also known as Jaeken syndrome. PMM1 can also act as glucose-1,6-bisphosphatase in the brain after stimulation with inosine monophosphate; PMM2 on the other hand, is insensitive to IMP and demonstrates low glucose-1,6-bisphosphatase activity. Arabidopsis thaliana PMM converted M1P into M6P and glucose-1-phosphate into glucose-6-phosphate, with the latter reaction being less efficient. Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamian PPMs are involved in ascorbic acid biosynthesis. This family belongs to the haloacid dehalogenase-like (HAD) hydrolases, a large superfamily of diverse enzymes that catalyze carbon or phosphoryl group transfer reactions on a range of substrates, using an active site aspartate in nucleophilic catalysis. Members of this superfamily include 2-L-haloalkanoic acid dehalogenase, azetidine hydrolase, phosphonoacetaldehyde hydrolase, phosphoserine phosphatase, phosphomannomutase, P-type ATPases and many others. HAD hydrolases are found in all three kingdoms of life, and most genomes are predicted to contain multiple HAD-like proteins. Members possess a highly conserved alpha/beta core domain, and many also possess a small cap domain, the fold and function of which is variable. HAD hydrolases are sometimes referred to as belonging to the DDDD superfamily of phosphohydrolases.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 148672596  15 LCLFDVDGTLTPARQKIDPEVSAFLQKLRSR 45
Cdd:cd02585    1 LLLFDVDGTLTPPRQPITPEMAEFLAELRQK 31

HAD-superfamily hydrolase, subfamily IIB; This subfamily falls within the Haloacid Dehalogenase (HAD) superfamily of aspartate-nucleophile hydrolases. The Class II subfamilies are characterized by a domain that is located between the second and third conserved catalytic motifs of the superfamily domain. The IIB subfamily is distinguished from the IIA subfamily (TIGR01460) by homology and the predicted secondary structure of this domain by PSI-PRED. The IIB subfamily's Class II domain has the following predicted structure: Helix-Sheet-Sheet-(Helix or Sheet)-Helix-Sheet-(variable)-Helix-Sheet-Sheet. The IIB subfamily consists of Trehalose-6-phosphatase (TIGR00685), plant and cyanobacterial Sucrose-phosphatase and a closely related group of bacterial and archaeal sequences, eukaryotic phosphomannomutase (pfam03332), a large subfamily ("Cof-like hydrolases", TIGR00099) containing many closely related bacterial sequences, a hypothetical equivalog containing the E. coli YedP protein, as well as two small clusters containing OMNI|TC0379 and OMNI|SA2196 whose relationship to the other groups is unclear. [Unknown function, Enzymes of unknown specificity]

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 148672596   17 LFDVDGTLTPARQ-KIDPEVSAFLQKLRSRLHP 48
Cdd:TIGR01484   3 FFDLDGTLLDPNAhELSPETIEALERLREAGVK 35

phosphomannomutase, similar to human PMM1 and PMM2, Saccharomyces Sec53p, and Arabidopsis thaliana PMM; PMM catalyzes the interconversion of mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) to mannose-1-phosphate (M1P); the conversion of M6P to M1P is an essential step in mannose activation and the biosynthesis of glycoconjugates in all eukaryotes. M1P is the substrate for the synthesis of GDP-mannose, which is an intermediate for protein glycosylation, protein sorting and secretion, and maintaining a functional endomembrane system in eukaryotic cells. Proteins in this family contains a conserved phosphorylated motif DxDx(T/V) shared with some other phosphotransferases. This family contains two human homologs, PMM1 and PMM2; PMM2 deficiency causes congenital disorder of glycosylation type I-a, also known as Jaeken syndrome. PMM1 can also act as glucose-1,6-bisphosphatase in the brain after stimulation with inosine monophosphate; PMM2 on the other hand, is insensitive to IMP and demonstrates low glucose-1,6-bisphosphatase activity. Arabidopsis thaliana PMM converted M1P into M6P and glucose-1-phosphate into glucose-6-phosphate, with the latter reaction being less efficient. Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamian PPMs are involved in ascorbic acid biosynthesis. This family belongs to the haloacid dehalogenase-like (HAD) hydrolases, a large superfamily of diverse enzymes that catalyze carbon or phosphoryl group transfer reactions on a range of substrates, using an active site aspartate in nucleophilic catalysis. Members of this superfamily include 2-L-haloalkanoic acid dehalogenase, azetidine hydrolase, phosphonoacetaldehyde hydrolase, phosphoserine phosphatase, phosphomannomutase, P-type ATPases and many others. HAD hydrolases are found in all three kingdoms of life, and most genomes are predicted to contain multiple HAD-like proteins. Members possess a highly conserved alpha/beta core domain, and many also possess a small cap domain, the fold and function of which is variable. HAD hydrolases are sometimes referred to as belonging to the DDDD superfamily of phosphohydrolases.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 148672596  15 LCLFDVDGTLTPARQKIDPEVSAFLQKLRSR 45
Cdd:cd02585    1 LLLFDVDGTLTPPRQPITPEMAEFLAELRQK 31

phosphomannomutase; Provisional

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 148672596   9 RRKERILCLFDVDGTLTPARQKIDPEVSAFLQKLRSRLHP----GGED 52
Cdd:PTZ00174   1 MEMKKTILLFDVDGTLTKPRNPITQEMKDTLAKLKSKGFKigvvGGSD 48