histone-fold domain found in centromere protein S (CENP-S) and similar proteins; CENP-S, also called MHF1, apoptosis-inducing TAF9-like domain-containing protein 1 (APITD1), FANCM-associated histone fold protein 1, FANCM-interacting histone fold protein 1, or Fanconi anemia-associated polypeptide of 16 kDa (FAAP16), is a DNA-binding component of the Fanconi anemia (FA) core complex. It is required for the normal activation of the FA pathway, leading to monoubiquitination of the FANCI-FANCD2 complex in response to DNA damage, cellular resistance to DNA cross-linking drugs, and prevention of chromosomal breakage. CENP-S, together with CENP-X, forms the MHF heterodimer, which can further assemble to form tetrameric structures. CENP-S acts as a crucial cofactor for FANCM, in both binding and ATP-dependent remodeling of DNA. It can stabilize FANCM. CENP-S also forms a discrete complex with FANCM and CENP-X, called FANCM-MHF. This interaction leads to synergistic activation of double-stranded DNA binding and strongly stimulates FANCM-mediated DNA remodeling. In complex with CENP-T, CENP-W and CENP-X (CENP-T-W-S-X heterotetramer), CENP-S is involved in the formation of a functional kinetochore outer plate, which is essential for kinetochore-microtubule attachment and faithful mitotic progression. As a component of MHF and CENP-T-W-S-X complexes, CENP-S binds DNA and bends it to form a nucleosome-like structure. Its DNA-binding function is fulfilled in the presence of CENP-X. It does not bind DNA on its own.

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                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 387942533  16 LRAAVHYTTGCLCQDVAEDKGVLFSKQTVAAISEITFRQCENFARDLEMFARHAKRSTITSEDVKLLARRSNSLLKY 92
Cdd:cd22919    1 LKAALHYTVGKICEEEAEEKGVTVSPQFVAALAELVYKQLESLARDLEAFARHAKRKTITVDDVKLLARRNPSLLEE 77

histone-fold domain found in centromere protein S (CENP-S) and similar proteins; CENP-S, also called MHF1, apoptosis-inducing TAF9-like domain-containing protein 1 (APITD1), FANCM-associated histone fold protein 1, FANCM-interacting histone fold protein 1, or Fanconi anemia-associated polypeptide of 16 kDa (FAAP16), is a DNA-binding component of the Fanconi anemia (FA) core complex. It is required for the normal activation of the FA pathway, leading to monoubiquitination of the FANCI-FANCD2 complex in response to DNA damage, cellular resistance to DNA cross-linking drugs, and prevention of chromosomal breakage. CENP-S, together with CENP-X, forms the MHF heterodimer, which can further assemble to form tetrameric structures. CENP-S acts as a crucial cofactor for FANCM, in both binding and ATP-dependent remodeling of DNA. It can stabilize FANCM. CENP-S also forms a discrete complex with FANCM and CENP-X, called FANCM-MHF. This interaction leads to synergistic activation of double-stranded DNA binding and strongly stimulates FANCM-mediated DNA remodeling. In complex with CENP-T, CENP-W and CENP-X (CENP-T-W-S-X heterotetramer), CENP-S is involved in the formation of a functional kinetochore outer plate, which is essential for kinetochore-microtubule attachment and faithful mitotic progression. As a component of MHF and CENP-T-W-S-X complexes, CENP-S binds DNA and bends it to form a nucleosome-like structure. Its DNA-binding function is fulfilled in the presence of CENP-X. It does not bind DNA on its own.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 387942533  16 LRAAVHYTTGCLCQDVAEDKGVLFSKQTVAAISEITFRQCENFARDLEMFARHAKRSTITSEDVKLLARRSNSLLKY 92
Cdd:cd22919    1 LKAALHYTVGKICEEEAEEKGVTVSPQFVAALAELVYKQLESLARDLEAFARHAKRKTITVDDVKLLARRNPSLLEE 77

Centromere kinetochore component CENP-T histone fold; CENP-T is a family of vertebral kinetochore proteins that associates directly with CENP-W. The N-terminus of CENP-T proteins interacts directly with the Ndc80 complex in the outer kinetochore. Importantly, the CENP-T-W complex does not directly associate with CENP-A, but with histone H3 in the centromere region. CENP-T and -W form a hetero-tetramer with CENP-S and -X and bind to a ~100 bp region of nucleosome-free DNA forming a nucleosome-like structure. The DNA-CENP-T-W-S-X complex is likely to be associated with histone H3-containing nucleosomes rather than with CENP-nucleosomes. This domain is the C-terminal histone fold domain of CENP-T, which associates with chromatin.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 387942533   40 SKQTVAAISEITFRQCENFARDLEMFARHAKRSTITSEDVKLLARR 85
Cdd:pfam15511  31 SKEALAALEQASDWFFEQMGEDLAAYAKHAGRKTIDESDVILLMKR 76

histone-fold domain found in histone H4 and similar proteins; Histone H4 is a core component of the nucleosome, which wraps and compacts DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication, and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called the histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA.

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                 ....*....|....*....|....
gi 387942533  56 ENFARDLEMFARHAKRSTITSEDV 79
Cdd:cd22912   43 ENVIRDAVTYTEHAKRKTVTAMDV 66